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The aim of this article is to present and discuss the situation regarding young people and youth policy in Spain via the parameters of the magic triangle linking policy, research and action: (1) the situation of young people in Spain today – some indicators are highlighted regarding the main challenges and opportunities for young people, with references to the so-called ‘Ni-Nis’ (neither studying nor working) and the movement of the ‘outraged’ youth that occupied the streets of Spain's major cities in May 2011; (2) the current approaches adopted by public youth policies in Spain and limitations and difficulties encountered by the government in attempting to meet the demands of young people; (3) social work with young people and professionals involved in youth policies. In the last section, we conclude with some open questions and proposals for the immediate future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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This article focuses on analysing student participation in university governance, with the specific aims of identifying the main obstacles to student participation and offering proposals of how to better facilitate student involvement in the functioning of the university. From student questionnaires, teaching staff interviews and student discussion groups we obtained information regarding the major obstacles to student participation. The methodology employed in this research allows us to compare and contrast the opinions and perceptions of students and teaching staff. Significant differences are identified that highlight the main ways for facilitating change in student participation in the university. The required changes should not only relate to improving the means by which students are informed about ways of participating, but also influence how universities structure participatory processes, the role of the teaching staff and, specifically, the role of coordinators of those managing bodies closest to the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection by maternal transmission is increasing in the world due to the increase in infected women who are not receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. Prognosis of HIV infection in children is poor because the newborn has an immature immune system. Early diagnosis and therapy are needed to avoid the development of AIDS. New therapies are becoming available but prevention of infection, through maternal therapy during pregnancy, is the most effective measure in avoiding this infection through this transmission route.

A prospective study on the effects of bilateral anterior capsulotomy in patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented. A total of 18 procedures were performed in 15 patients. The mean duration of the OCDs was 18.1 +/- 5.6 years (range 11-26 years). The mean total Yale-Brown Scale (Y-BOCS) score was 29.67 and mean Global Assessment of Functioning was 43.61. The results throughout the follow-up period remained the same as at 1 month postoperatively. The observed mean recovery on the Y-BOCS was 33.2% (p = 0.017). 52.9% of the patients showed a 33% recovery, 29.4% of the cases showed a 50% recovery and 17% showed a 66% recovery. Global Assessment of Functioning recovered by 19% (p = 0.111). No cognitive deficit was disclosed by neuropsychological screening tests. Complications were observed in 3 cases, 1 with transitory hallucinations, 1 with a single epileptic seizure and 1 case who developed a progressive behavior disorder that became permanent. We conclude that bilateral anterior capsulotomy is a safe and effective procedure., (Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel)