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Introduction Dementia is one of the greatest health challenges the world will face in the coming decades, as it is one of the principal causes of disability and dependency among older people. Economic modelling is used widely across many health conditions to inform decisions on health and social care policy and practice. The aim of this literature review is to systematically identify, review and critically evaluate existing health economics models in dementia. We included the full spectrum of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), from preclinical stages through to severe dementia and end of life. This review forms part of the Real world Outcomes across the Alzheimer's Disease spectrum for better care: multimodal data Access Platform (ROADMAP) project. Methods and analysis Electronic searches were conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Economic Literature Database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, Research Papers in Economics, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, Science Citation Index, Turning Research Into Practice and Open Grey for studies published between January 2000 and the end of June 2017. Two reviewers will independently assess each study against predefined eligibility criteria. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreement. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form following best practice. Study quality will be assessed using the Phillips checklist for decision analytic modelling. A narrative synthesis will be used. Ethics and dissemination The results will be made available in a scientific peer-reviewed journal paper, will be presented at relevant conferences and will also be made available through the ROADMAP project. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017073874. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a clear threat for public health, with high prevalences especially in high risk groups such as injecting drug users. People with HIV infection who are also infected by HCV suffer from a more rapid progression to HCV-related liver disease and have an increased risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Quantifying the impact of HIV and HCV co-infection is therefore of great importance. We propose a new joint mathematical model accounting for co-infection with the two viruses in the context of injecting drug users (IDUs). Statistical concepts and methods are used to assess the model from a statistical perspective, in order to get further insights in: (i) the comparison and selection of optional model components, (ii) the unknown values of the numerous model parameters, (iii) the parameters to which the model is most ‘sensitive’ and (iv) the combinations or patterns of values in the high-dimensional parameter space which are most supported by the data. Data from a longitudinal study of heroin users in Italy are used to illustrate the application of the proposed joint model and its statistical assessment. The parameters associated with contact rates (sharing syringes) and the transmission rates per syringe-sharing event are shown to play a major role. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: The Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL-AD) is commonly used to assess disease specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as rated by patients and their carers. For cost-effectiveness analyses, utilities based on the EQ-5D are often required. We report a new mapping algorithm to obtain EQ-5D indices when only QoL-AD data are available.Methods: Different statistical models to estimate utility directly, or responses to individual EQ-5D questions (response mapping) from QoL-AD, were trialled for patient-rated and proxy-rated questionnaires. Model performance was assessed by root mean square error and mean absolute error.Results: The response model using multinomial regression including age and sex, performed best in both the estimation dataset and an independent dataset.Conclusions: The recommended mapping algorithm allows researchers for the first time to estimate EQ-5D values from QoL-AD data, enabling cost-utility analyses using datasets where the QoL-AD but no utility measures were collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Digital patient monitoring (DPM) tools can enable more effective clinical care and improved patient outcomes in cancer. However, their broad adoption requires ease of use and demonstration of real-world clinical utility/impact. ORIGAMA (MO42720) is an interventional, open-label, multicountry platform study investigating the clinical utility of DPM tools and specific treatments. ORIGAMA will begin with two cohorts that aim to assess the impact of the atezolizumab-specific Roche DPM Module (hosted on the Kaiku Health DPM platform (Helsinki, Finland)) on health outcomes and healthcare resource usage, and its feasibility to support at-home treatment administration, in participants receiving systemic anticancer treatment. Other digital health solutions may be added to future cohorts., Methods and Analysis: In Cohort A, participants with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), extensive-stage SCLC or Child Pugh A unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma will be randomised to a locally approved anticancer regimen containing intravenous atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech) and local standard-of-care support, with/without the Roche DPM Module. Cohort B will assess the feasibility of the Roche DPM Module in supporting administration of three cycles of subcutaneous atezolizumab (1875 mg; Day 1 of each 21-day cycle) in the hospital, followed by 13 cycles at home by a healthcare professional (ie, flexible care), in participants with programmed cell-death ligand 1-positive, early-stage NSCLC. The primary endpoints are the mean difference in change of the participant-reported Total Symptom Interference Score at Week 12 from baseline (Cohort A) and flexible care adoption rate at Cycle 6 (Cohort B)., Ethics and Dissemination: This study will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki, and/or the applicable laws and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the greater protection to the individual. The study received its first Ethics Committee approval in Spain in October 2022. Participants will provide written informed consent in a face-to-face setting. The results of this study will be presented at national and/or international congresses and disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals., Trial Registration Number: NCT05694013., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SI has acted in a consultancy and advisory role for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche and Merck Sharp & Dohme; has participated in a speaker bureau or provided expert testimony for Boehringer Ingelheim; is an employee at an institution that has received a research grant or funding from Roche; and has received travel and accommodation expenses from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Novartis and Kaiku Health. A-MB: has received honoraria for participation in an advisory board for Roche (Ireland), has received institutional research funding to Lung Cancer Europe (LuCE) from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda and Thermo Fisher, has received institutional honoraria to LuCE from Janssen, and has participated in various meetings, presentations and advisory boards, on behalf of LuCE. BB, AB, and AYCS are employees of and have stocks/other ownership in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. ME has acted in a consultancy and advisory role for Roche, is an employee at an institution that has received research grants from Novartis, Roche, BMS and Kaiku Health, and has received travel and accommodation expenses from Vifor. SG and MM-O are employees of and have stocks/other ownership in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. MR has received grants or contracts from Bayer and Ipsen, has received consulting fees from Bayer, BMS, Roche, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, BTG and Universal DX, and has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events, from Bayer, BMS, Gilead Sciences, Eli Lilly, Roche and Eisai. MW has received research funding from Roche for conduct of the study. JA is an employee of and has stocks/other ownership in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Purpose: The Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL-AD) is commonly used to assess disease specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as rated by patients and their carers. For cost-effectiveness analyses, utilities based on the EQ-5D are often required. We report a new mapping algorithm to obtain EQ-5D indices when only QoL-AD data are available., Methods: Different statistical models to estimate utility directly, or responses to individual EQ-5D questions (response mapping) from QoL-AD, were trialled for patient-rated and proxy-rated questionnaires. Model performance was assessed by root mean square error and mean absolute error., Results: The response model using multinomial regression including age and sex, performed best in both the estimation dataset and an independent dataset., Conclusions: The recommended mapping algorithm allows researchers for the first time to estimate EQ-5D values from QoL-AD data, enabling cost-utility analyses using datasets where the QoL-AD but no utility measures were collected.

Background: There is convincing evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly associated with impaired glucose metabolism., Objectives: Analyze the prevalence of OSA in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Evaluate the influence of OSA on glycemic control., Methods: The adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) followed in the department of internal medicine were referred to our Sleep Unit. A home respiratory polygraphy was then performed on all patients with body mass index (BMI) <40 kg/m(2). The glycemic control was assessed by the value of glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) in the previous 3 months., Results: A total of 46 patients were studied (20 men and 26 women), the mean age was 50±15 years and mean BMI was 28.6±4.9 kg/m(2). The mean Hba1c was 8.3±1.2. Twenty three patients had type 2 DM and 23 patients had type 1 DM. Twenty nine patients (63.0%) had OSA and 8.7% had severe OSA (AHI>30/h). The mean CT90 was 5.3±12.5 and the mean AHI was 13.6±18.3. The mean AHI was similar between type 1 and type 2 DM (15.7±24.5 Vs 11.6±8.9; p=0.46). The AHI was not correlated with the BMI. Type 2 DM patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7.5%) had a significantly higher mean AHI (14.3±9.0 vs 6.4±6.2; p=0.038). This difference did not remain significant after adjustment for BMI (p=0.151)., Conclusions: The prevalence of OSA in type 1 DM is similar to that found in type 2 DM. We note the high prevalence of OSA in younger patients with type 1 DM., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)