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In this study, spectral, age, kinematic, and orbital dynamical analyses were conducted on metal‐poor and high proper‐motion (HPM) stars, HD 8724 and HD 195633, selected from the Solar neighborhood. This analysis combines detailed abundance measurements, kinematics, and orbital dynamics to determine their origin. Standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis provides a fresh determination of the atmospheric parameters: Teff = 4700 ± 115 K, log g = 1.65 ± 0.32 cgs, [Fe/H] = −1.59 ± 0.04 dex, and a microturbulent velocity ξ=$$ \xi = $$ 1.58 ± 0.50 km s−1 for HD 8724 and Teff = 6100 ± 205 K, log g = 3.95 ± 0.35 cgs, [Fe/H] = −0.52 ± 0.05 dex, and ξ=$$ \xi = $$1.26 ± 0.50 km s−1 for HD 195633. The ages were estimated using a Bayesian approach (12.25 Gyr for HD 8724 and 8.15 Gyr for HD 195633). The escape scenarios of these stars from 170 candidate globular clusters (GCs) in the Galaxy were also investigated because of their chemical and physical differences (HPM and metal‐poor nature). Accordingly, the calculated probability of encounter (59%) for HD 8724 at a distance of five tidal radius suggests that star HD 8724 may have escaped from NGC 5139 (ω$$ \omega $$ Cen), supported by its highly flattened orbit and may belong to a subpopulation of this GC. Conversely, HD 195633's kinematics, age, and metal abundances point toward an escape from the bulge GC NGC 6356. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GEs) from edible oils by using Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF) and natural clays. First, the model oil was treated with adsorbents and titanium (IV) butoxide-terephthalate MOF (Ti-MOF) and kaolin were selected as the best performing MOF along with natural clay, respectively, for the removal of 3-MCPD and GEs. The effects of treatment conditions were also investigated, 6.0% adsorbent level, 120 min treatment time and 95 °C temperature were determined to be the best treatment parameters. Finally, palm oil samples were treated with Ti-MOF and kaolin under the selected conditions and removal of 3-MCPD and GEs was obtained at up to 27% and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, MOFs and natural clays showed good potential for the removal of 3-MCPD and GEs, and the efficiency of the treatment can be improved by modifying the adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have derived elemental abundances of eight RV Tauri-type post-asymptotic giant branch stars: AR Sgr, CE Vir, DY Aql, HP Lyr, SS Gem, SZ Mon, TT Oph, and UZ Oph. The abundance analysis of these luminous stars is based on the high-resolution (R ≈ 55 000) optical echelle spectra obtained with the 2.1 m Struve reflector telescope and the CCD-equipped Sandiford Cassegrain echelle spectrograph at the McDonald Observatory. Standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis provides a fresh determination of the atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances for 17 species including C, Na, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, and Nd. Then, the computed up-to-date abundances are used to investigate FIP in the program stars, as seen in the Sun and sun-like stars. Also, we scrutinize their behavior for dust–gas separation as an alternative mechanism to the FIP. For the first time, we provide atomic line lists with up-to-date atomic data employed in the analysis for AR Sgr, HP Lyr, SZ Mon, TT Oph, and UZ Oph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the development of sepsis. Plant-derived phenolic compounds are thought to be possible therapeutic agents against sepsis because of their antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound commonly found in various plants, which has many biological activities including antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RA on sepsis-induced DNA damage in the lymphocytes and liver and kidney cells of Wistar albino rats by alkaline comet assay with and without formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase protein. The oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and kidney tissues and an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level in plasma were also evaluated. It is found that DNA damage in the lymphocytes, livers, and kidneys of the RA-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the sepsis-induced rats. RA treatment also decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities in the livers and kidneys of the sepsis-induced rats. Plasma TNF-α level was found to be decreased in the RA-treated rats. It seems that RA might have a role in the attenuation of sepsis-induced oxidative damage not only by decreasing the DNA damage but also by increasing the antioxidant status and DNA repair capacity of the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis, often initiated by an infection, is a state of disrupted inflammatory homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress has an important role in the development of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure. Resveratrol (RV) is a polyphenolic compound found in the skin of red fruits, such as mulberries and red grapes, and in peanuts. RV has been reported to have an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties in various models. It has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cell lines, including breast, prostate, colon, pancreatic, and thyroid. This study has been undertaken to assess the role of RV on the sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damage in the lymphocytes of Wistar albino rats by the standard and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assays. The parameters of tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment were evaluated for the determination of DNA damage. According to the study, the DNA damage was found to be significantly higher in the sepsis-induced rats when compared with the control rats (p < 0.05). The parameters were significantly decreased in the RV-treated sepsis-induced group when compared with the sepsis-induced group. The parameters in the sepsis-induced rats were found to be significantly higher in the Fpg-modified comet assay when compared with the standard comet assay (p < 0.05), and RV treatment decreases the DNA damage in the sepsis-induced rats, suggesting that the oxidative stress is likely to be responsible for DNA damage and RV might have a role in the prevention of sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the effectiveness of the anesthetic regimens propofol, propofol with remifentanil, and sevoflurane along, with regard to seizure duration and quality in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. It was found that the mean motor and electroencephalogram seizure durations were longer in patients who received propofol alone and those who received propofol with remifentanil. Indications that the three regimens had similar effects on seizure quality parameters are cited.

Abstract: We compared the effect of two inhalation anesthetics desflurane and isoflurane on postoperative hepatic and renal functions as well as coagulation profiles in living donors undergoing right hepatectomy. This study was performed on 80 patients who were randomly allocated to group D (desflurane, n = 40) or group I (isoflurane, n = 40) after Faculty Ethics Committee approval. After induction, isoflurane or desflurane was used with air/oxygen for anesthetic maintenance. The isoflurane or desflurane concentration was set at one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Remifentanil was infused for analgesia as well as cisatracurium. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), international normalized ratio (INR), albumin, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, platelet count, and hemoglobin levels were analyzed preoperatively at end of the operation, and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 30. Both AST and ALT differed significantly and continually except on POD 30. AST showed significant elevations from the end of the operation to POD 2 and ALT, from the end of the operation to POD 5 in group I compared with group D. INR was significantly higher from the end of the operation to POD 3 in group I and to POD 2 in group D. At the end of the operation as well as on POD 1 and POD 2, INR was significantly increased in group I compared with group D. Albumin level was significantly lower at the end of the operation in both groups, but it was not different. No patient developed hepatic or renal failure. Our study showed better postoperative hepatic tests and INR using desflurane than isoflurane at equivalent doses of 1 MAC in living donors undergoing right hepatectomy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An abundance analysis is presented for IRAS 2704 (V887 Her), a post-asymptotic giant branch star and protoplanetary nebula. The analysis is based on high-resolution optical spectra from the McDonald Observatory and the Special Astrophysical Observatory. Standard analysis using a classical Kurucz model atmosphere and the line analysis program provides the atmospheric parameters: K, , microturbulent velocity and . Extraction of these parameters is based on excitation of Fe lines, ionization equilibrium between neutral and ions of Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr and Fe, and the wings of hydrogen Paschen lines. Elemental abundances are obtained for 22 elements and upper limits for an additional four elements. These results show that the star's atmosphere has not experienced a significant number of C- and s-process enriching thermal pulses. Abundance anomalies as judged relative to the compositions of unevolved and less-evolved normal stars of a similar metallicity include Al, Y and Zr deficiencies with respect to Fe of about 0.5 dex. Judged by composition, the star resembles an RV Tauri variable that has been mildly affected by dust-gas separation reducing the abundances of the elements of highest condensation temperature. This separation may occur in the stellar wind. There are indications that the standard one-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis is not entirely appropriate for IRAS 2704. These include a supersonic macroturbulent velocity of 23 km s, emission in Hα and the failure of predicted profiles to fit observed profiles of Hβ and Hγ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abundance analysis based on a high-resolution spectrum is presented for a newly discovered post-asymptotic giant branch (PAGB) star in the globular cluster M79. The surprising result is that the iron abundance of the star is apparently about 0.6 dex less than that of the cluster's red giants as reported by published studies including a recent high-resolution spectroscopic analysis by Carretta and colleagues. Abundances relative to iron appear to be the same for the PAGB star and the red giants for the 15 common elements. It is suggested that the explanation for the lower abundances of the PAGB star may be that its atmospheric structure differs from that of a classical atmosphere; the temperature gradient may be flatter than predicted by a classical atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the effects of adding stabilized rumen extract (SRE) to early weaned lamb diets on fattening performance, rumen fermentations and diet digestibility. The study included 18 two-month old male tuj lambs that were divided into three groups to receive either 20 percent hay, 80 percent concentrate and ad libitum. It found no significant differences among the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility of the lambs. However, lower total volatile fatty acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid were found in the treatment groups.

To determine whether combination treatment of HBeAg(−) chronic hepatitis B is beneficial we studied 78 patients with HBeAg(−), HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis B who were randomized to lamivudine, 100 mg, qd, for 12 months or lamivudine–interferon (9 MU, t.i.w.) in combination. In the combination arm, 2 months of lamivudine treatment preceded 10 months of combination treatment. Biochemical, virologic and histologic responses were assessed at the end of treatment, after six and a median 27 months of drug-free follow-up (short- and long-term follow-up, respectively). Virologic response was defined as undetectable HBV DNA with a hybridization assay and biochemical response as normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Change in HBV DNA was also assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Presence of YMDD mutants at the end of treatment was investigated with a line probe assay. Both treatment regimes led to a median 2 log decline in HBV DNA levels. Virologic end of treatment responses were 90 and 92% with mono- and combination treatment, respectively. Corresponding virologic responses at short- and long-term follow-up were 59 and 54%, and 27 and 25%, respectively. Patients having a baseline HBV DNA value≥200 pg/mL were more likely to relapse within 6 months off therapy than those patients with a baseline HBV DNA level<200 pg/mL (P = 0.041). YMDD mutants were observed in 53% of patients receiving lamivudine compared with 24% of patients receiving the combination regime (P = 0.017). In conclusion, efficay of combination treatment is similar to lamivudine monotherapy. However, combination treatment decreases the development of YMDD mutant strains compared with lamivudine monotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]