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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the commonest chronic conditions of childhood.[1] The pathophysiology of T1D comprises four stages of which the first two are presymptomatic and hallmarked by autoantibodies, and the last two are accompanied by hyperglycaemia. This analysis article will provide the rationale for screening, give an overview of the international screening landscape, discuss the benefits and risks of screening children for T1D, and examine the impact of screening on general practice. RISKS FROM T1D SCREENING The National Screening Committee recognise that no screening programme is without harm, and we need to gain further understanding of the impact of T1D screening on families. T1D screening status: an outline of the advantages and potential risks or harms of paediatric general population T1D screening. [Extracted from the article]

Elisa Puigdomenech and Anne Martin contributed equally to this work Correction to: BMC Med Inform Decis Mak (2019) 19:278 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0958... Following publication of the original article [[1]], the authors reported a missing statement in the Funding declaration. Reference 1 Puigdomenech E, Martin A, Lang A. Promoting healthy teenage behaviour across three European countries through the use of a novel smartphone technology platform, PEGASO fit for future: study protocol of a quasi-experimental, controlled, multi-Centre trial. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Behaviour change interventions targeting physical activity, diet, sleep and sedentary behaviour of teenagers show promise when delivered through smartphones. However, to date there is no evidence of effectiveness of multicomponent smartphone-based interventions. Utilising a user-centred design approach, we developed a theory-based, multi-dimensional system, PEGASO Fit For Future (PEGASO F4F), which exploits sophisticated game mechanics involving smartphone applications, a smartphone game and activity sensors to motivate teenagers to take an active role in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This paper describes the study protocol to assess the feasibility, usability and effectiveness (knowledge/awareness and behavioural change in lifestyle) of the PEGASO system.Methods: We are conducting a quasi-experimental controlled cluster trial in 4 sites in Spain, Italy, and UK (England, Scotland) over 6 months. We plan to recruit 525, in a 2:1 basis, teenagers aged 13-16 years from secondary schools. The intervention group is provided with the PEGASO system whereas the comparison group continues their usual educational routine. Outcomes include feasibility, acceptance, and usability of the PEGASO system as well as between and within group changes in motivation, self-reported diet, physical activity, sedentary and sleeping behaviour, anthropometric measures and knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.Discussion: PEGASO F4F will provide evidence into the cross-cultural similarities and differences in the feasibility, acceptability and usability of a multi-dimensional smartphone based behaviour change intervention for teenagers. The study will explore facilitating factors, challenges and barriers of engaging teenagers to adapt and maintain a healthy lifestyle when using smartphone technology. Positive results from this ICT based multi component intervention may have significant implications both at clinical level, improving teenagers health and at public health level since it can present an influential tool against the development of chronic disease during adulthood.Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov Registration number: NCT02930148, registered 4 October 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Overweight in children is increasing worldwide. Innovative smartphone health applications (mHealth apps) have either sought to deliver single or multi-component interventions for the management of overweight in children. However, the clinical effects of these apps are poorly explored. The objective of the review will be to compare the benefits and harms of different categories of mHealth apps for intervention of overweight in children., Methods and Analysis: We will include randomised clinical trials irrespective of publication type, year, status or language. Children and adolescents between 0 to 18 years will be referred to as children in the remaining part of the paper. Children with all degrees of overweight included obesity and morbidly obese in the remaining part of the paper will be referred to as overweight. We plan to classify different apps according to type of intervention, measurement device, coaching and reward system. The following databases will be used: Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), PsycINFO, PubMed, IEEE Explore and Web of Science, CINAHL and LILACS. Primary outcomes will be body mass index z-score, quality of life and serious adverse event. Secondary outcomes will be body weight, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression and adverse event not considered serious. Study inclusion, data extraction and bias risk assessment will be conducted independently by at least two authors. We will assess the risk of bias through eight domains and control risks of random errors with Trial Sequential Analysis. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Tool (GRADE)., Ethics and Dissemination: As the protocol is for a systematic reviews, we have not included any patient data and we do not require ethical approval. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42019120266., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: The prevalence of children with overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. Multicomponent interventions incorporating diet, physical activity and behavioural change have shown limited improvement to body mass index (BMI). However, the impact of psychotherapy is poorly explored. This systematic review aims to assess the effects of psychotherapeutic approaches for children with all degrees of overweight., Methods and Analysis: We will include randomised clinical trials involving children and adolescents between 0 and 18 years with overweight and obesity, irrespective of publication type, year, status or language up to April 2020. Psychotherapy will be compared with no intervention; wait list control; treatment as usual; sham psychotherapy or pharmaceutical placebo. The following databases will be searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and LILACS. Primary outcomes will be BMI z-score, quality of life measured by a validated scale and proportion of patients with serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will be body weight, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and proportion of patients with non-serious adverse events. Exploratory outcomes will be body fat, muscle mass and serious adverse events. Study inclusion, data extraction and bias risk assessments will be conducted independently by at least two authors. We will assess risk of bias according to Cochrane guidelines and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care guidance. We will use meta-analysis and control risks of random errors with Trial Sequential Analysis. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Tool. The systematic review will be reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Cochrane guidelines., Ethics and Dissemination: As individual patient data will not be included, we do not require ethics approval. This review will be published in a peer review journal., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42018086458., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)