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Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La production porcine est responsable d’environ 10 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de l’élevage mondial et doit réduire ses impacts. Ces émissions de GES, comptabilisées en sortie de ferme, sont liées à la production d’aliment et la gestion des effluents, pour 60 % et 30 % respectivement. La réduction du taux de protéines alimentaires peut agir sur ces deux sources. Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les bénéfices de cette stratégie pour réduire l’impact changement climatique (CC) en relation avec les matières premières utilisées et la réduction des émissions azotées. Une analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) à l’échelle de l’aliment montre que le CC est réduit de 8 % par point de réduction du taux protéique, grâce au remplacement des matières premières plus impactantes (produits du soja). Ces bénéfices sont dépendants des matières premières disponibles et utilisées, du choix des bases de données d’évaluation environnementale et du contexte technico-économique. La modélisation des émissions azotées en fonction des performances, mise à jour par méta-analyse, permet d’effectuer une ACV en sortie de ferme. Une réduction du CC par kg de porc de 10 % pour un point de baisse du taux protéique est atteignable. Cependant, des lacunes méthodologiques et de connaissances subsistent pour correctement évaluer cette stratégie : facteurs d’émission du N2O, prise en compte de l’utilisation des effluents pour la fertilisation, effet sur les performances zootechniques. Par ailleurs, des évolutions structurelles sont nécessaires pour faciliter la mise en pratique, comme la rémunération des externalités positives.

Soybean is a high-protein and at the same time an oilseed crop. Its cultivation brings profit from the sale of seeds and enriches the soil through the activity of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a nitrogen-fixing preparation (HiStick© inoculant) in combination with molybdenum and cobalt salts was evaluated at field level from 2019 to 2021 in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The profitability of the crop could be increased by the use of pre-sowing treatment with these micronutrients which are involved in the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The most indicative characteristics for assessing the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment are the accumulation of protein and oil per hectare, since grain yield increased with pre-sowing treatment without changing quality characteristics (expressed as concentrations). Our research showed an increase in protein yield per hectare with pre-sowing treatment. When seeds of the early ripening Ivushka variety were treated with molybdenum and cobalt without HiStick©, protein yield per hectare increased by 8%. When using the HiStick© preparation together with microelements, the protein yield increased by 4.8%, 8.7% and 12.8% for Zhansaya, Lastochka (late-maturing) and Birlik CV varieties respectively. The increase in oil yield after pre-sowing seed treatment for the early-ripening Ivushka variety was 8.8% (complete treatment) and 6.8% for the late-ripening Lastochka variety (with micronutrients only). Therefore the increase of grain protein and oil yields improves the profitability of this crop for a range of soybean varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proteine und Enzyme sind äußerst vielseitige Biomaterialien, die aufgrund ihrer hohen Spezifität für Rezeptoren und Substrate, ihrer Abbaubarkeit, geringen Toxizität und insgesamt guten Biokompatibilität hervorragend für ein breites Spektrum medizinischer Anwendungen geeignet sind. Durch die Anordnung mehrerer nativer oder modifizierter Proteine zu nanometergroßen Protein‐Nanopartikeln können zusätzliche vorteilhafte Eigenschaften wie eine erhöhte Stabilität im Blutstrom erreicht werden. In diesem Aufsatz konzentrieren wir uns auf künstliche Nanopartikelsysteme, bei denen Proteine das Hauptstrukturelement sind und nicht nur als eingeschlossene Wirkstoffe transportiert werden. Während unter natürlichen Bedingungen lediglich bestimmte Proteine definierte Aggregate und Nanopartikel bilden, können durch chemische Modifikationen oder Veränderungen in der physikalischen Umgebung Nanopartikel aus vielen verschiedenen globulären Proteinen und Enzymen hergestellt werden. Fortschritte bei den Herstellungsmethoden von proteinbasierten Nanopartikeln haben zu einer neuen Generation von Nanosystemen geführt, die über einfache Wirkstofftransporter hinausgehen und vielfältige Anwendungen ermöglichen, wie z.B. gezielte Arzneimittelabgabe, Theranostik, Nanokatalyse und Proteintherapie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entomology and entomophagy have become a new trend in biomedical research and food science. From a nutritional point of view, insects are an excellent source of protein, with a high content of essential amino acids, while being rich in unsaturated fatty acids, micronutrients and fiber. In addition, edible insects contain various bioactive compounds with potential beneficial health effects. In this context, the European Commission has approved some species of insects in whole form or certain parts as “novel foods” following a rigorous scientific evaluation carried out by the European Food Safety Authority. Insects are a highly sustainable substitute for meat and animal products and, from an ecological point of view, they can make an important contribution to the sustainability of the environment, requiring fewer resources to develop their life cycle and offering an undoubted advantage over the livestock sector in terms of emissions of greenhouse gases and ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oil bodies, also called oleosomes have been the object of an increased interest since the last decade. Different processes of extraction and purification involve an aqueous crushing with methods to soften the cell membranes. An integrated process was used on different oilseeds to compare the different oil-body dispersions obtained. Once extracted with an aqueous crushing, oil bodies are dispersed in a creamy phase containing also an important protein content. Their stability depends on membranous proteins but also surrounding, extraneous ones. To eliminate these non-membranous proteins, the emulsion can be washed with different compounds allowing a good protein solubilization. If the fatty acid, phytosterol, tocopherol contents and distribution are compared between seeds and dispersions of oil bodies, there appears to be little significant change. These valuable compounds are hence preserved in the oil bodies. However, aqueous crushing releases phospholipase partly explaining the lower phospholipid content and the higher relative concentration of phosphatidic acid. To preserve these emulsions, it is possible to dry them either through freeze-drying or spray-drying. Spray-drying allows a better recovery of the physical structure of the emulsion after rehydration but cryo-protectants as Tris or Glycerol can limit emulsion degradation provoked by hard mechanical constraints of a freeze-drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using scanning electron microscopy, the surface morphology of a split leather sample was studied under the action of laser radiation from the front and backsides. It has been established that the effect of laser skin resurfacing is achieved in the range of input energies of 40 J and exposure times of 40 sec. It was found that laser exposure from the front and backsides leads to polishing of splits. Skin resurfacing from the front and leather split starts at different input energies from the front side from the split, which is associated with a looser structure of the leather from the split and its lower absorption of radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly formed and resorbed. The occurrence of a fracture initiates a cascade of inflammatory, repair and remodeling processes. Bone repair is performed by indirect ossification and direct ossification, indirect ossification being the most common. The similarities in bone tissue biology between human and rat bone led us to choose the rats as experimental models for the study of statin-induced changes. Statins play a very important role in the clinical management of osteoporosis and callusing process, cartilage calcification proving to be an excellent model to exa - mine the role of lipids in mineralization. The lipids maintain cell viability, interact with membrane proteins and help regulate transcellular ionic flux. The current study aimed to investigate at the molecular level the effects of simvastatin treatment on the callusing process in rats, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Materials and method. The study was performed on a lot of 12 rats, divided into two groups: untreated neovarectomized rats, the control group (12 rats), and simovastatin-treated neovarectomized rats (12 rats). Considering that the completion of the callus process is possible in week 8 post-fracture, we followed the evolution of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated lipids correlated with the ratio of protein structures and the types of minerals in the two groups studied. Results. The lipid-lowering treatment, compared to the control group, increased the amount of unsaturated lipids in the organic matrix of bone tissue and increased the amount of structures with asymmetric vibration of carbon hydrogen bonds in the CH2 group of lipid. In the case of protein structures, there was a doubling of the amount of Amide I and an increase of almost six times of Amide II. In mineral structure, there was an increase in the amount of phosphates accompanied by a decrease in the amount of carbonates. Conclusions. The lipid-lowering treatment not only influences the lipid component of the organic matrix of the bone tissue, but also influences its protein component, and these changes of the organic matrix will also influence the degree of mineralization of the organic matrix. Regarding the ratio between carbonates and phosphates, its changings can influence the hardness/the brittleness of the bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Die aktuelle strukturbiologische Forschung fokussiert sich zunehmend auf humane Proteine und deren Komplexe. Diese Proteine müssen häufig in höheren eukaryotischen Expressionssystemen produziert werden, in welchen die Deuterierung des Proteins nur schwer umzusetzen ist. Dies limitiert die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der NMR‐Spektroskopie stark für diese Systeme. In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir das XL‐ALSOFAST‐13C,1H]‐HMQC‐Experiment, welches sich durch eine stark verbesserte Sensitivität auf vollständig protonierten, hochmolekularen Komplexen auszeichnet. Im Durchschnitt konnte bei den getesteten Systemen mit Massen zwischen 100 und 240 kDa eine Verbesserung der Sensitivität um den Faktor drei erzielt werden, verglichen mit den aktuell besten publizierten Experimenten. Das Prinzip des XL‐ALSOFAST beruht auf der optimalen Nutzung von passiver Magnetisierung und der Minimierung von transversaler Relaxation durch das in diesem Artikel eingeführte Konzept der verzögerten Entkopplung. Die Kombination aus hoher Sensitivität und überlegener Artefaktunterdrückung macht XL‐ALSOFAST ideal für Untersuchungen an instabilen Membranproteinen oder zur Analyse von therapeutischen Antikörpern bei natürlicher 13C‐Häufigkeit. XL‐ALSOFAST und das Konzept der verzögerten Entkopplung wird daher mehr biologisch relevante Systeme für die NMR‐Spektroskopie zugänglich machen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental polarity is an important factor that drives biomolecular interactions to regulate cell function. Herein, a general method of using the fluorogenic probe NTPAN‐MI is reported to quantify the subcellular polarity change in response to protein unfolding. NTPAN‐MI fluorescence is selectively activated upon labeling unfolded proteins with exposed thiols, thereby reporting on the extent of proteostasis. NTPAN‐MI also reveals the collapse of the host proteome caused by influenza A virus infection. The emission profile of NTPAN‐MI contains information of the local polarity of the unfolded proteome, which can be resolved through spectral phasor analysis. Under stress conditions that disrupt different checkpoints of protein quality control, distinct patterns of dielectric constant distribution in the cytoplasm can be observed. However, in the nucleus, the unfolded proteome was found to experience a more hydrophilic environment across all the stress conditions, indicating the central role of nucleus in the stress response process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop, grown for its high quality edible oil (poly unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), and as a horticultural crop (vegetable and cut flower). It is also grown for flavouring and colouring foods, as herbal tea, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals, dyes, paints and biodiesel.The objective of this study wasto evaluate the influence of safflower genotype on the nutritional quality of whole seed used as livestock feed. Nine safflower genotypes (eight exotic and one local) were grown in winter and summer. The seeds were harvested at physiological maturity and analysed for different nutritional variables. Whole safflower seeds dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and ash varied significantly, depending on genotype and growing season. The seed mineral content (P, K, Mg and Na) also varied across genotypes. Safflower whole seeds have great potential to serve as an excellent livestock feed in semi-arid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyloids are characterized by their capacity to bind Congo red (CR), one of the most used amyloid‐specific dyes. The structural features of CR binding were unknown for years, mainly because of the lack of amyloid structures solved at high resolution. In the last few years, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy enabled the determination of the structural features of amyloids, such as the HET‐s prion forming domain (HET‐s PFD), which also has recently been used to determine the amyloid–CR interface at atomic resolution. Herein, we combine spectroscopic data with molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and excitonic quantum/molecular mechanics calculations to examine and rationalize CR binding to amyloids. In contrast to a previous assumption on the binding mode, our results suggest that CR binding to the HET‐s PFD involves a cooperative process entailing the formation of a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. This provides a molecular basis to explain the bathochromic shift in the maximal absorbance wavelength when CR is bound to amyloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An azanorbornadiene bromovinyl sulfone reagent for cysteine‐selective bioconjugation has been developed. Subsequent reaction with dipyridyl tetrazine leads to bond cleavage and formation of a pyrrole‐linked conjugate. The latter involves ligation of the tetrazine to the azanorbornadiene‐tagged protein through inverse electron demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition with subsequent double retro‐Diels–Alder reactions to form a stable pyrrole linkage. The sequence of site‐selective bioconjugation followed by bioorthogonal bond cleavage was efficiently employed for the labelling of three different proteins. This method benefits from easy preparation of these reagents, selectivity for cysteine, and stability after reaction with a commercial tetrazine, which has potential for the routine preparation of protein conjugates for chemical biology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of certain proteins (p53, Bcl-2) and to find correlations between the status of these markers and clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. This study included 50 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer (stage I-III AJCC staging system 8th edition) who underwent preoperative oncological treatment and then rectal resection procedures in Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest in the period 01.01.2016 – 31.12.2017. p53 and Bcl-2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry from pathological specimens obtained after surgery in the Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest pathology laboratory. We observed significant associations between Bcl-2 and age or extramural vascular invasion, and between p53 and hemoglobin value at admission. The univariate analysis of disease free survival (DFS) showed an important link between the presence of p53 and a poor prognosis, and the multivariate one demonstrated that the best outcome was registered for the patients with p53 negative/Bcl-2 positive phenotype. In conclusion, we believe that immunohistochemical detection of these proteins is an important tool in determining the prognosis of the patients with rectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphiphilic surface groups play an important role in many biological processes. The synthesis of amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer branches (dendrons), providing alternating hydrophilic and lipophilic surface groups and one reactive ethynyl group at the core is reported. The amphiphilic surface groups serve as biorecognition units that bind to the surface of adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which is a common vector in gene therapy. The Ad5/dendron complexes showed high gene transduction efficiencies in coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR)‐negative cells. Moreover, the dendrons offer incorporation of new functions at the dendron core by in situ post‐modifications, even when bound to the Ad5 surface. Surfaces coated with these dendrons were analyzed for their blood‐protein binding capacity, which is essential to predict their performance in the blood stream. A new platform for introducing bioactive groups to the Ad5 surface without chemically modifying the virus particles is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhytidenone family comprises spirobisnaphthalene natural products isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Rhytidhysteron rufulum AS21B. The biomimetic synthesis of rhytidenone A was achieved by a Michael reaction/aldol/lactonization cascade in a single step from the proposed biosynthetic precursor rhytidenone F. Moreover, the mode of action of the highly cytotoxic rhytidenone F was investigated. The pulldown assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis revealed the target protein PA28γ is covalently attached to rhytidenone F at the Cys92 residue. The interactions of rhytidenone F with PA28γ lead to the accumulation of p53, which is an essential tumor suppressor in humans. Consequently, the Fas‐dependent signaling pathway is activated to initiate cellular apoptosis. These studies have identified the first small‐molecule inhibitor targeting PA28γ, suggesting rhytidenone F may serve as a promising natural product lead for future anticancer drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The design and scalable synthesis of robust 2D biological ultrathin films with a tunable structure and function and the ability to be easily transferred to a range of substrates remain key challenges in chemistry and materials science. Herein, we report the use of the thiol–disulfide exchange reaction in the synthesis of a macroscopic 2D ultrathin proteinaceous film with the potential for large‐scale fabrication and on‐demand encapsulation/release of functional molecules. The reaction between the Cys6–Cys127 disulfide bond of lysozyme and cysteine is chemo‐ and site‐selective. The partially unfolded lysozyme–cysteine monomers aggregate at the air/water or solid/liquid interface to form an ultra‐large 2D nanofilm (900 cm2) with about 100 % optical transparency. This material adheres to a wide range of substrates and encapsulates and releases a range of molecules without significantly affecting activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzoxepane derivatives were designed and synthesized, and one hit compound emerged as being effective in vitro with low toxicity. In vivo, this hit compound ameliorated both sickness behavior through anti‐inflammation in LPS‐induced neuroinflammatory mice model and cerebral ischemic injury through anti‐neuroinflammation in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Target fishing for the hit compound using photoaffinity probes led to identification of PKM2 as the target protein responsible for anti‐inflammatory effect of the hit compound. Furthermore, the hit exhibited an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PKM2‐mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation, indicating PKM2 as a novel target for neuroinflammation and its related brain disorders. This hit compound has a better safety profile compared to shikonin, a reported PKM2 inhibitor, identifying it as a lead compound in targeting PKM2 for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition is a recurrent theme in the care of patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim of this article is to focus on the nutritional problems encountered in this pathology, and to clarify the role of the dietician in its management., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Prion‐like transcellular spreading of tau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is mediated by tau binding to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). However, the structural determinants for tau–HS interaction are not well understood. Microarray and SPR assays of structurally defined HS oligosaccharides show that a rare 3‐O‐sulfation (3‐O‐S) of HS significantly enhances tau binding. In Hs3st1−/− (HS 3‐O‐sulfotransferase‐1 knockout) cells, reduced 3‐O‐S levels of HS diminished both cell surface binding and internalization of tau. In a cell culture, the addition of a 3‐O‐S HS 12‐mer reduced both tau cell surface binding and cellular uptake. NMR titrations mapped 3‐O‐S binding sites to the microtubule binding repeat 2 (R2) and proline‐rich region 2 (PRR2) of tau. Tau is only the seventh protein currently known to recognize HS 3‐O‐sulfation. Our work demonstrates that this rare 3‐O‐sulfation enhances tau–HS binding and likely the transcellular spread of tau, providing a novel target for disease‐modifying treatment of AD and other tauopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Novel insights into the "superglue" of velvet worms The biological "superglue" of velvet worms provides inspiration towards circular processing of advanced polymers. In nature, velvet worms employ a fluid, protein‐rich secretion for hunting and defense, which forms rapidly into stiff fibers. The fluid‐to‐fiber transition occurs outside the body without regulations, indicating that the "instructions" for assembly are programmed into the protein building blocks. Electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged protein domains and free ions drive protein folding, self‐organization (coacervation) and stabilization of the building blocks into nanoscale droplets. Yet, nanodroplets can be instantly transformed via simple mechanical stimulus as proteins partially unfold, merge together and form a strong network, which solidifies into a fiber. The mechanism is based on basic physico‐chemical principles. Thus, by extracting these principles, new methods of synthesizing sustainable polymer‐based materials can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squaramate‐linked 2′‐deoxycytidine 5′‐O‐triphosphate was synthesized and found to be good substrate for KOD XL DNA polymerase in primer extension or PCR synthesis of modified DNA. The resulting squaramate‐linked DNA reacts with primary amines to form a stable diamide linkage. This reaction was used for bioconjugations of DNA with Cy5 and Lys‐containing peptides. Squaramate‐linked DNA formed covalent cross‐links with histone proteins. This reactive nucleotide has potential for other bioconjugations of nucleic acids with amines, peptides or proteins without need of any external reagent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical protein synthesis and biorthogonal modification chemistries allow production of unique proteins for a range of biological studies. Bond‐forming reactions for site‐selective protein labeling are commonly used in these endeavors. Selective bond‐cleavage reactions, however, are much less explored and still pose a great challenge. In addition, most of studies with modified proteins prepared by either total synthesis or semisynthesis have been applied mainly for in vitro experiments with very limited extension to live cells. Reported here is an approach for studying uniquely modified proteins containing a traceless cell delivery unit and palladium‐based cleavable element for chemical activation, and monitoring the effect of these proteins in live cells. This approach is demonstrated for the synthesis of a caged ubiquitin‐aldehyde, which was decaged for the inhibition of deubiquitinases in live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Ligation von α‐Ketosäure‐Hydroxylamin (KAHA) erlaubt die chemoselektive Verknüpfung von ungeschützten Peptidsegmenten unter Bildung einer Amidbindung. Die zurzeit meistgenutzte Variante basiert auf einem fünfgliedrigen cyclischen Hydroxylamin, welches einen Homoserinester als Hauptligationsprodukt bildet. Ein neues viergliedriges cyclisches Hydroxylamin wurde synthetisiert, um die natürliche Aminosäure Threonin an der Ligationsstelle bildet. Dieses Monomer wurde für die Synthese der Proteine UbcH5a (146 Aminosäuren) und TI I27 (89 Aminosäuren) eingesetzt. Sowohl das so synthetisierte UbcH5a als auch die Variante, die unter Verwendung des fünfgliedrigen zyklischen Hydroxylamins synthetisiert wurde, zeigten identische Aktivitäten gegenüber der rekombinanten Variante in einem Ubiquitinierungs‐Assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a textbook knowledge that protein photoluminescence stems from the three aromatic amino acid residues of tryptophan(Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe), with predominant contributions from Trp. Recently, inspired by the intrinsic emission of nonaromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids) in concentrated solutions and solids, we revisited protein light emission using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model. BSA is virtually nonemissive in dilute solutions (≤0.1 mg mL−1), but highly luminescent upon concentration or aggregation, showing unique concentration‐enhanced emission and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Notably, apart from well‐documented UV luminescence, bright blue emission is clearly observed. Furthermore, persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) is achieved even in the amorphous solids under ambient conditions. This visible emission can be rationalized by the clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. These findings not only provide an in‐depth understanding of the emissive properties of proteins, but also hold strong implications for further elucidating the basis of tissue autofluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new utilization concept for brewers' spent grains, the main byproduct of the brewing industry, is introduced. First results from an ongoing research project beyond the actual state of the art of brewers' spent grains usage are presented. It is focused on developing an adaptable selective separation procedure of valuable components from press water arising by mechanical dewatering of brewers' spent grains for the use as food additive. Experimental results on micro‐, ultra‐ and nanofiltration for specific separation of the ingredients focused on substance classes are presented. The membrane applicability is evaluated by the membrane permeability and by the retention of valuable components like proteins and polyphenols. Results showed that the microfiltration of press water with a rotating membrane is comparable to commercial beer microfiltration in terms of permeate flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the total chemical synthesis of the water‐soluble globular Haemophilus Influenzae DNA ligase (Hin‐Lig), we observed the surprising phenomenon of a soluble peptide segment that failed to undergo native chemical ligation. Based on dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, we determined that the peptide formed soluble colloidal particles in a homogeneous solution containing 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. Conventional peptide performance‐improving strategies, such as installation of a terminal/side‐chain Arg tag or O‐acyl isopeptide, failed to enable the reaction, presumably because of their inability to disrupt the formation of soluble colloidal particles. However, a removable backbone modification strategy recently developed for the synthesis of membrane proteins did disrupt the formation of the colloids, and the desired ligation of this soluble but unreactive system was eventually accomplished. This work demonstrates that an appropriate solution dispersion state, in addition to good peptide solubility, is a prerequisite for successful peptide ligation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptidbindungen verbinden Aminosäuren in Proteinen und Polypeptiden. Sie zählen zu den Amidbindungen, die Proteinen und synthetischen Polyamiden ihre enorme Stärke verleihen. Obwohl Proteine und Polyamide in Natur und Technik mechanischen Kräften ausgesetzt sind, ist der Einfluss der Kraft auf die Stabilität der Amid‐ und Peptidbindung noch weitgehend unbekannt. Mittels Einzelmolekülkraftspektroskopie entdeckten wir, dass Kräfte von nur einigen hundert pN die Amidhydrolyse 109‐fach beschleunigen, was bisher nur von proteolytischen Enzymen bekannt war. Die drastische Beschleunigung bei geringer Kraft geht einer moderaten weiteren Beschleunigung bei Kräften im nN‐Bereich voraus. Quantenmechanochemische Ab‐initio‐Rechnungen erklären diese experimentellen Befunde sowohl mechanistisch als auch kinetisch. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Stabilität der Amidbindung entgegen bisherigen Annahmen stark kraftabhängig ist. Sie vermitteln ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Rolle mechanischer Aktivierung bei der Amidhydrolyse und weisen den Weg für mögliche Anwendungen, vom Recycling makromolekularer Reststoffe bis hin zum Design biotechnologisch hergestellter proteolytischer Enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, via a simple one‐step method, chiral copper sulfide quantum dots (d/l‐QDs) were prepared using d‐/l‐penicillamine (d‐/l‐Pen). The anisotropy factor of d/l‐QDs was as high as 0.01. The d/l‐QDs can be used as photocatalysts to cleave proteins. Notably, the l‐QDs displayed the highest catalytic performance under left‐circularly polarized light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations indicate the generation of hydroxyl radicals as the reactive species that cause the cutting of proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins in living cells interact specifically or nonspecifically with an enormous number of biomolecules. To understand the behavior of proteins under intracellular crowding conditions, it is indispensable to observe their three‐dimensional (3D) structures at the atomic level in a physiologically natural environment. We demonstrate the first de novo protein structure determinations in eukaryotes with the sf9 cell/baculovirus system using NMR data from living cells exclusively. The method was applied to five proteins, rat calmodulin, human HRas, human ubiquitin, T. thermophilus HB8 TTHA1718, and Streptococcus protein G B1 domain. In all cases, we could obtain structural information from well‐resolved in‐cell 3D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data, suggesting that our method can be a standard tool for protein structure determinations in living eukaryotic cells. For three proteins, we achieved well‐converged 3D structures. Among these, the in‐cell structure of protein G B1 domain was most accurately determined, demonstrating that a helix‐loop region is tilted away from a β‐sheet compared to the conformation in diluted solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current practical methods for finding the equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of protein–small molecule complexes have inherent sources of inaccuracy. Introduced here is "accurate constant via transient incomplete separation" (ACTIS), which appears to be free of inherent sources of inaccuracy. Conceptually, a short plug of the pre‐equilibrated protein–small molecule mixture is pressure‐propagated in a capillary, causing fast transient incomplete separation of the complex from the unbound small molecule. A superposition of signals from these two components is measured near the capillary exit and used to calculate a fraction of unbound small molecule, which, in turn, is used to calculate Kd. Herein the validity of ACTIS is proven theoretically, its accuracy is verified by computer simulation, and its practical use is demonstrated. ACTIS has the potential to become a reference‐standard method for determining Kd values of protein–small molecule complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids. PUFA synthases are composed of three to four subunits and each create a specific PUFA without undesirable byproducts. However, detailed biosynthetic mechanisms for controlling final product profiles have been obscure. Here, the bacterial DHA and EPA synthases were carefully dissected by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro analysis with two KS domains (KSA and KSC) and acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrates showed that KSA accepted short‐ to medium‐chain substrates while KSC accepted medium‐ to long‐chain substrates. Unexpectedly, condensation from C18 to C20, the last elongation step in EPA biosynthesis, was catalyzed by KSA domains in both EPA and DHA synthases. Conversely, condensation from C20 to C22, the last elongation step for DHA biosynthesis, was catalyzed by the KSC domain in DHA synthase. KSC domains therefore determine the chain lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les biosimilaires sont les spécialités d'aujourd'hui et plus encore de demain. Il est essentiel que le pharmacien investisse le plus complètement possible ce champ de dispensation, notamment pour donner à ses patients une information rigoureuse. Biosimilars are specialities today and will be even more so in the future. It is essential that pharmacists master this area of dispensing, notably to be able to give their patients accurate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein misfolding and aberrant aggregations are associated with multiple prevalent and intractable diseases. Inhibition of amyloid assembly is a promising strategy for the treatment of amyloidosis. Reported here is the design and synthesis of a reactive conjugated polymer, a poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative, functionalized with p‐nitrophenyl esters (PPV‐NP) and it inhibits the assembly of amyloid proteins, degrades preformed fibrils, and reduces the cytotoxicity of amyloid aggregations in living cells. PPV‐NP is attached to the proteins through hydrophobic interactions and irreversible covalent linkage. PPV‐NP also exhibited the capacity to eliminate Aβ plaques in brain slices in ex vivo assays. This work represents an innovative attempt to inhibit protein pathogenic aggregates, and may offer insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for amyloidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycloheximide (CHX) is an inhibitor of eukaryotic translation elongation that has played an essential role in the study of protein synthesis. Despite its ubiquity, few studies have been directed towards accessing synthetic CHX derivatives, even though such efforts may lead to protein synthesis inhibitors with improved or alternate properties. Described here is the total synthesis of CHX and analogues, and the establishment of structure–activity relationships (SAR) responsible for translation inhibition. The SAR studies aided the design of more potent compounds, one of which irreversibly blocks ribosomal elongation, preserves polysome profiles, and may be a broadly useful tool for investigating protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Magic‐angle spinning (MAS) is an essential ingredient in a wide variety of solid‐state NMR experiments. The standard procedures to adjust the rotor angle are not highly accurate, resulting in a slight misadjustment of the rotor from the magic angle (θRL=tan-12) on the order of a few millidegrees. This small missetting has no significant impact on the overall spectral resolution, but is sufficient to reintroduce anisotropic interactions. Shown here is that site‐specific 1H‐15N dipolar couplings can be accurately measured in a heavily deuterated protein. This method can be applied at arbitrarily high MAS frequencies, since neither rotor synchronization nor particularly high radiofrequency field strengths are required. The off‐MAS method allows the quantification of order parameters for very dynamic residues, which often escape an analysis using existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techniken der Hochdurchsatz‐DNA‐Sequenzierung haben eine Revolution in der Genomik ausgelöst, die in viele Bereiche der Lebens‐ und Naturwissenschaften eingedrungen ist. Die bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften der parallelen DNA‐Sequenzierung, wie hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, hoher Durchsatz und Multiplexkapazität, führten zu Anwendungen als "molekulare Zählwerke" (molecular counter) für die Entdeckung niedermolekularer und peptidbasierter Inhibitoren, für die Hochdurchsatzbiochemie, die Protein‐ und Zelldetektion, die Diagnostik und sogar die Materialienwissenschaften. Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Extrapolation der DNA‐Sequenzierung auf "nichtklassische" Anwendungen besteht in der Anforderung, Nukleinsäure‐Barcodes an die interessierenden Entitäten anzuhängen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die chemischen und biochemischen Ansätze beschrieben, die ein einfaches Nukleinsäure‐Barcoding von proteinhaltigen und nichtproteinhaltigen Materialien ermöglicht haben. Wir zeigen Beispiele für die Verwendung von nachgelagerten Technologien, die durch DNA‐codierte Moleküle ermöglicht wurden. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass kommerziell erhältliche Hochdurchsatzsequenzer vor weniger als 15 Jahren eingeführt wurden, glauben wir, dass sich diesbezügliche Anwendungen auch in den kommenden Jahren zur Marktreife entwickeln werden. Strichcodes aus DNA: Die massive parallele DNA‐Sequenzierung bietet eine bemerkenswerte Nachempfindlichkeit, Spezifität und Durchsatzkapazität, die zu ihrer Anwendung als „molekulares Zählwerk" in vielen Forschungsbereichen geführt haben. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die Ansätze zur Anbringung von DNA‐Barcodes an biologische und nichtbiologische Materialien und stellt Techniken vor, die durch DNA‐codierte Moleküle ermöglicht wurden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of protein–surface interactions in both biology and biotechnology, our understanding of their origins is limited due to a paucity of experimental studies of the thermodynamics behind such interactions. In response, we have characterized the extent to which interaction with a chemically well‐defined macroscopic surface alters the stability of protein L. To do so, we site‐specifically attached a redox‐reporter‐modified protein variant to a hydroxy‐terminated monolayer on a gold surface and then used electrochemistry to monitor its guanidine denaturation and determine its folding free energy. Comparison with the free energy seen in solution indicates that interaction with this surface stabilizes the protein by 6 kJ mol−1, a value that is in good agreement with theoretical estimates of the entropic consequences of surface‐induced excluded volume effects, thus suggesting that chemically specific interactions with this surface (e.g., electrostatic interactions) are limited in magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les données nutritionnelles et relatives à la sécurité sanitaire concernant les algues sont encourageantes dans l'optique d'une intégration à une alimentation équilibrée, comme source non conventionnelle de protéines. Alors que la consommation de viande transformée et la surconsommation de viande rouge sont néfastes pour la santé et l'environnement, et que certains pays en développement pourraient être confrontés à une pénurie alimentaire, ces nouveaux aliments semblent constituer un élément de réponse. Nutritional and food safety data on algae are encouraging from the perspective of integration into a balanced diet as an unconventional source of protein. At a time when consumption of processed meat and over-consumption of red meat are harmful to health and the environment, and some developing countries may face food shortages, these new foods appear to be part of the answer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon bonds (C‐bonds) are the highly directional noncovalent interactions between carbonyl‐oxygen acceptors and sp3‐hybridized‐carbon σ‐hole donors through n→σ* electron delocalization. We have shown the ubiquitous existence of C‐bonds in proteins with the help of careful protein structure analysis and quantum calculations, and have precisely determined C‐bond energies. The importance of conventional noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bond (H‐bonds) and halogen bond (X‐bonds) in the structure and function of biological molecules are well established, while carbon bonds C‐bonds have still to be recognized. We have shown that C‐bonds are present in proteins, contribute enthalpically to the overall hydrophobic interaction and play a significant role in the photodissociation mechanism of myoglobin and the binding of nucleobases to proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) can be carried out in a flask completely open to air using a biocatalytic system composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with an active copper catalyst complex. Nanomolar concentrations of the enzymes and ppm amounts of Cu provided excellent control over the polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500), generating polymers with high molecular weight (Mn>70 000) and low dispersities (1.13≤Đ≤1.27) in less than an hour. The continuous oxygen supply was necessary for the generation of radicals and polymer chain growth as demonstrated by temporal control and by inducing hypoxic conditions. In addition, the enzymatic cascade polymerization triggered by oxygen was used for a protein and DNA functionalized with initiators to form protein‐b‐POEOMA and DNA‐b‐POEOMA bioconjugates, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]