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Implementing professional support systems that are beneficial to the professional needs of faculty of color (FOC) have been found to promote positive work environments. Using a Critical Race Theory lens, the results of this qualitative study yielded two important themes related to support for counselor educators of color: (1) culturally responsive mentoring; and (2) purposeful support toward tenure and promotion. Culturally relevant implications that addresses programs and systems have been provided.

Black sea bass (Centropristis striata; BSB) are a commercially managed species with an increasing population in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Understanding their movement ecology can be difficult due to their wide distribution and ability to inhabit both inshore and offshore reef habitats. BSB have been studied using a range of tagging techniques, and here we present the results of the first deployments of pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSAT) on this species. During 2019 and 2021, we conducted four fishing trips within the southern Mid‐Atlantic Bight region of the NW Atlantic and tagged a total of 30 fish with T‐bar tags and external data loggers, of which 4 received a PSAT and the rest received a Star‐Oddi conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) archival tag. All PSATs transmitted some data, with short attachment durations (8–32 days) relative to the programmed release of 250 days, and we did not recover a Star‐Oddi tag. External tag attachment techniques need to be examined and improved before continued deployment of larger data loggers on BSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cancer patients, especially long-distance patients, often struggle to receive timely and precise medical information and support for their symptom management and survivorship care. ChatGPT-4's responses to queries concerning head and neck (HN) cancer remain questionable. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a retrained large language model (LLM) for HN cancer patients. In this cross-sectional study, the presented LLM was retrained with a high-quality user-defined knowledge base. The responses from the LLM to patients' questions were validated against human responses, and the model showed a superior performance, with average scores of 4.25 for accuracy, 4.35 for clarity, 4.22 for completeness, and 4.32 for relevance, on a 5-point scale. The confined-trained LLM with a high-quality user-defined knowledge base demonstrates high accuracy, clarity, completeness, and relevance in offering evidence-based information and guidance on the symptom management and survivorship care for head and neck cancer patients. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a retrained large language model (LLM) tailored to the needs of HN cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, with emphasis on symptom management and survivorship care. Methods: A comprehensive external database was curated for training ChatGPT-4, integrating expert-identified consensus guidelines on supportive care for HN patients and correspondences from physicians and nurses within our institution's electronic medical records for 90 HN patients. The performance of our model was evaluated using 20 patient post-treatment inquiries that were then assessed by three Board certified radiation oncologists (RadOncs). The rating of the model was assessed on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) based on accuracy, clarity of response, completeness s, and relevance. Results: The average scores for the 20 tested questions were 4.25 for accuracy, 4.35 for clarity, 4.22 for completeness, and 4.32 for relevance, on a 5-point scale. Overall, 91.67% (220 out of 240) of assessments received scores of 3 or higher, and 83.33% (200 out of 240) received scores of 4 or higher. Conclusion: The custom-trained model demonstrates high accuracy in providing support to HN patients offering evidence-based information and guidance on their symptom management and survivorship care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Manual review of organ at risk (OAR) contours is crucial for creating safe radiotherapy plans but can be time-consuming and error prone. Statistical and deep learning models show the potential to automatically detect improper contours by identifying outliers using large sets of acceptable data (knowledge-based outlier detection) and may be able to assist human reviewers during review of OAR contours. Methods: This study developed an automated knowledge-based outlier detection method and assessed its ability to detect erroneous contours for all common head and neck (HN) OAR types used clinically at our institution. We utilized 490 accurate CT-based HN structure sets from unique patients, each with forty-two HN OAR contours when anatomically present. The structure sets were distributed as 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. In addition, 190 and 37 simulated contours containing errors were added to the validation and test sets, respectively. Single-contour features, including location, shape, orientation, volume, and CT number, were used to train three singlecontour feature models (z-score, Mahalanobis distance [MD], and autoencoder [AE]). Additionally, a novel contour-to-contour relationship (CCR) model was trained using the minimum distance and volumetric overlap between pairs of OAR contours to quantify overlap and separation. Inferences from singlecontour feature models were combined with the CCR model inferences and inferences evaluating the number of disconnected parts in a single contour and then compared. Results: In the test dataset, before combination with the CCR model, the area under the curve values were 0.922/0.939/0.939 for the z-score, MD, and AE models respectively for all contours. After combination with CCR model inferences, the z-score, MD, and AE had sensitivities of 0.838/0.892/0.865, specificities of 0.922/0.907/0.887, and balanced accuracies (BA) of 0.880/ 0.900/0.876 respectively. In the validation dataset, with similar overall performance and no signs of overfitting, model performance for individual OAR types was assessed. The combined AE model demonstrated minimum, median, and maximum BAs of 0.729, 0.908, and 0.980 across OAR types. Discussion: Our novel knowledge-based method combines models utilizing single-contour and CCR features to effectively detect erroneous OAR contours across a comprehensive set of 42 clinically used OAR types for HN radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) migrate along the east coast of the United States, traversing the South and Mid-Atlantic Bights (SAB and MAB) while traveling to and from well-known northern foraging areas off Southern New England (SNE) and Nova Scotia. However, there is limited information on leatherback movement behavior in these regions. To identify leatherback movement patterns, we fit hidden Markov models (HMMs) to satellite transmitter data from 52 leatherbacks tagged between 2017 and 2022 off the coasts of Massachusetts and North Carolina to estimate locations of area restricted searching (ARS) and transient behaviors. Depth-temperature profiles were then paired to locations associated with ARS behavior to understand the vertical use of the water column. We observed leatherbacks displaying ARS behavior in SNE as expected, but also in the MAB and SAB. The HMM results indicated that leatherbacks were primarily foraging in SNE between Nantucket and Long Island Sound and depth-temperature plots from ARS behavior on Nantucket Shoals implied turtles foraging throughout the entire water column. In the MAB, ARS behavior was concentrated between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and the mouth of Delaware Bay during the summer. Turtles were closely associated with a well-defined thermocline, but still appeared to dive to deeper cooler waters, which may be a sign of thermoregulatory behavior. There was evidence of foraging in the SAB along the coast as well as along the continental shelf edge. The ARS behavior we documented within the MAB and SAB is the first published empirical evidence that both areas may be important foraging grounds. Our results lay a path for future research to understand how leatherbacks use these areas and the potential anthropogenic threats encountered while moving through these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communication and interpersonal skills are essential medical components of oncology patient care. Patients and families rely on physicians for treatment, expertise, guidance, hope, meaning, and compassion throughout a life-threatening illness. A provider's inability to empathize with patients is linked to physician-related fatigue and burnout. Because oncology training programs focus on teaching evidence-based medicine and clinical acumen, little time may be dedicated to professional development and acquisition of interactive skills. Traditional communication courses typically include two components: formal, knowledge-based learning skills, which are gained from didactic lectures, and role-playing, which usually occurs in small groups. We report the implementation of a novel longitudinal communication curriculum for trainees in Oncology. Materials and Methods: At a single-center institution, an innovative communication curriculum titled "REFLECT" (Respect, Empathy, Facilitate Effective Communication, Listen, Elicit Information, Compassion, and Teach Others) was implemented for radiation oncology residents and medical oncology fellows to improve and refine physician/patient interactions. All oncology specialty residents and fellows were eligible to participate in this communication curriculum. The curriculum emphasized a reflective process to guide trainees through challenging scenarios. Results: Since October 2018, this comprehensive course consisted of quarterly (four hour) workshops comprising assigned reading, knowledge assessments, didactic lectures, expert guest lecturers, standardized patient simulations, role-playing, patient/expert panels, coaching, reflective writing, and debriefing/feedback sessions. The curriculum provided longitudinal communication training integrated with the learners' daily physician/patient encounters rather than occasional isolated experiences. Fifteen workshops have been completed. Each focused on navigating challenging situations with patients, loved ones, or colleagues. Conclusions: Future directions of the curriculum will entail improving the communication skills of oncology trainees and gathering communication improvement data to assess the program's success formally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Approximately 75% of all head and neck cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy to the oral cavity results in acute and late adverse events which can be severe depending on the outcome measured and intensity of the treatment. These adverse events are detrimental to the patient's quality of life and function and are costly to manage. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between radiotherapy dose to a defined oral cavity organ-at-risk avoidance structure and prospectively obtained validated provider- and patient-reported outcomes, opioid use, and hospitalization in 196 patients treated with radiotherapy for tumors in the head and neck region. We identified a statistically significant association between radiotherapy dose to the oral cavity organ-at-risk structure, opioid use, and hospitalization. This association provides valuable information for radiotherapy treatment planning to allow for reduction in adverse events. Background: Approximately 75% of all head and neck cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy (RT). RT to the oral cavity results in acute and late adverse events which can be severe and detrimental to a patient's quality of life and function. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between RT dose to a defined oral cavity organ-at-risk (OAR) avoidance structure, provider- and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), opioid use, and hospitalization. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively obtained outcomes using multivariable modeling. The study included 196 patients treated with RT involving the oral cavity for a head and neck tumor. A defined oral cavity OAR avoidance structure was used in all patients for RT treatment planning. Validated PROs were collected prospectively. Opioid use and hospitalization were abstracted electronically from medical records. Results: Multivariable modeling revealed the mean dose to the oral cavity OAR was significantly associated with opioid use (p = 0.0082) and hospitalization (p = 0.0356) during and within 30 days of completing RT. Conclusions: The findings of this study may be valuable in RT treatment planning for patients with tumors of the head and neck region to reduce the need for opioid use and hospitalization during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)," requires that symptoms of ADHD must be "developmentally inappropriate" in order for an ADHD diagnosis to be considered. Because the DSM-5 does not specifically outline procedure for determining developmental inappropriateness of behaviors, practitioners do not have guidance for making this consideration. To explore the relationship between mental age and behavior ratings of ADHD symptoms, the cognitive and behavioral data from 50 children who were evaluated in a school or clinic were compiled for this study. Cognitive ability scores were used to calculate mental age and behavior rating scores were then recalculated using the assessed mental age. Using the recalculated behavior ratings, scores based on mental age decreased significantly on the Attention Problems, Hyperactivity, and Atypicality scales of the BASC-2. Additionally, as the discrepancy between mental and chronological age increased, larger differences in scores were found.

School counselors (SCs) have a wide range of responsibilities in schools, such as administrative, disciplinary, and counseling duties (Dahir & Stone, 2009). Due to the large number of responsibilities, SCs sometime struggle with developing programs to meet relational needs of at-risk students. The purpose of this article was to provide SCs with a creative, hands-on approach to use with youth struggling with anger and relational issues. SCs in four schools collaborated with a mental health counselor to implement a school-based anger management group that focused on creating leadership abilities and improving relational competencies of students. A pretest-posttest design revealed significant changes in participants' anger and leadership ability. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.)

Juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) often appear unmotivated to change, which thus necessitates a therapeutic approach that matches "resistant" client characteristics. In this article, the authors review common traits of JSOs, introduce motivational counseling as an effective treatment modality, and offer a case illustration. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

Background: We seek to inform radiotherapy (RT) delivery for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (ACC) by evaluating RT techniques and recurrence patterns. Methods: We identified patients with ACC treated with curative‐intent RT from 2005 to 2021. Imaging was reviewed to determine local recurrence (LR). Results: Ninety‐one patients were included. The 5‐year LR risk was 12.2% (6.6–22.7). One patient each experienced a marginal and out‐of‐field recurrence. Patients receiving >60 Gy postoperatively had a 5‐year LR risk of 0% compared to 10.7% (4.2–27.2) with ≤60 Gy. Those receiving 70 and <70 Gy definitively had a 5‐year LR risk of 15.2% (2.5–91.6) and 33.3% (6.7–100.0), respectively. No patients had regional nodal failure. Conclusions: Modern, conformal RT for ACC results in low rates of LR. Doses >60 and 70 Gy may improve control in the postoperative and definitive settings, respectively. Elective nodal treatment can be omitted in well‐selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to investigate collimating individual proton beamlets from a dosimetric perspective and to introduce a new device concept, the spot scanning aperture (SSA). The SSA consists of a thin aperture with a small cylindrical opening attached to a robotics system, which allows the aperture to follow and align with individual beamlets during spot delivery. Additionally, a range shifter is incorporated (source-side) for treating shallow depths. Since the SSA trims beamlets spot by spot, the patientfacing portion of the device only needs to be large enough to trim a single proton beamlet. The SSA has been modelled in an open-source Monte-Carlobased dose engine (MCsquare) to characterize its dosimetric properties in water at depths between 0 and 10 cm while varying the following parameters: the aperture material, thickness, distance to the water phantom, distance between the aperture and attached range shifter, and the aperture opening radius. Overall, the SSA greatly reduced spot sizes for all the aperture opening radii that were tested (1 - 4 mm), especially in comparison with the extended range shifter (ranger shifter placed at 30 cm from patient); greater than 50% when placed less than 10 cm away from the patient at depths in water less than 50 mm. The peak to entrance dose ratio and linear energy transfer was found to depend on the thickness of the aperture and therefore the aperture material. Neutron production rates were also investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In proton therapy dose calculation, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are superior in accuracy but more time consuming, compared to analytical calculations. Graphic processing units (GPUs) are effective in accelerating MC simulations but may suffer thread divergence and racing condition in GPU threads that degrades the computing performance due to the generation of secondary particles during nuclear reactions. Purpose: A novel concept of virtual particle (VP) MC (VPMC) is proposed to avoid simulating secondary particles in GPU‐accelerated proton MC dose calculation and take full advantage of the computing power of GPU. Methods: Neutrons and gamma rays were ignored as escaping from the human body; doses of electrons, heavy ions, and nuclear fragments were locally deposited; the tracks of deuterons were converted into tracks of protons. These particles, together with primary and secondary protons, are considered to be the realistic particles. Histories of primary and secondary protons were replaced by histories of multiple VPs. Each VP corresponded to one proton (either primary or secondary). A continuous‐slowing‐down‐approximation model, an ionization model, and a large angle scattering event model corresponding to nuclear interactions were developed for VPs by generating probability distribution functions (PDFs) based on simulation results of realistic particles using MCsquare. For efficient calculations, these PDFs were stored in the Compute Unified Device Architecture textures. VPMC was benchmarked with TOPAS and MCsquare in phantoms and with MCsquare in 13 representative patient geometries. Comparisons between the VPMC calculated dose and dose measured in water during patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) of the selected 13 patients were also carried out. Gamma analysis was used to compare the doses derived from different methods and calculation efficiencies were also compared. Results: Integrated depth dose and lateral dose profiles in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms all matched well among VPMC, TOPAS, and MCsquare calculations. The 3D–3D gamma passing rates with a criterion of 2%/2 mm and a threshold of 10% was 98.49% between MCsquare and TOPAS and 98.31% between VPMC and TOPAS in homogeneous phantoms, and 99.18% between MCsquare and TOPAS and 98.49% between VPMC and TOPAS in inhomogeneous phantoms, respectively. In patient geometries, the 3D–3D gamma passing rates with 2%/2 mm/10% between dose distributions from VPMC and MCsquare were 98.56 ± 1.09% in patient geometries. The 2D–3D gamma analysis with 3%/2 mm/10% between the VPMC calculated dose distributions and the 2D measured planar dose distributions during PSQA was 98.91 ± 0.88%. VPMC calculation was highly efficient and took 2.84 ± 2.44 s to finish for the selected 13 patients running on four NVIDIA Ampere GPUs in patient geometries. Conclusion: VPMC was found to achieve high accuracy and efficiency in proton therapy dose calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both dose and linear energy transfer (LET) could play a substantial role in adverse event (AE) initialization of cancer patients treated with pencil‐beam‐scanning (PBS) proton therapy. However, not all the voxels within the AE regions are directly induced from the dose and LET effect. It is important to study the synergistic effect of dose and LET in AE initialization by only including a subset of voxels that are dosimetrically important. Purpose: To perform exploratory investigation of the dose and LET effects upon AE initialization in PBS using seed spots analysis. Methods: A total of 113 head‐and‐neck (H&N) cancer patients receiving curative PBS were included. Among them, 20 patients experienced unanticipated CTCAEv4.0 grade ≥3 AEs (AE group) and 93 patients did not (control group). Within the AE group, 13 AE patients were included in the seed spot analysis to derive the descriptive features of AE initialization and the remaining 7 mandible osteoradionecrosis patients and 93 control patients were used to derive the feature‐based volume constraint of mandible osteoradionecrosis. The AE regions were contoured and the corresponding dose–LET volume histograms of AE regions were generated for all patients in the AE group. We selected high LET voxels (the highest 5% of each dose bin) with a range of moderate‐to‐high dose (≥∼40‐Gy relative biological effectiveness) as critical voxels. Critical voxels that were contiguous with each other were grouped into clusters. Each cluster was considered a potential independent seed spot for AE initialization. Seed spots were displayed in a 2D dose–LET plane based on their mean dose and LET to derive the descriptive features of AE initialization. A volume constraint of mandible osteoradionecrosis was then established based on the extracted features using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The product of dose and LET (xBD) was found to be a descriptive feature of seed spots leading to AE initialization in this preliminary study. The derived xBD volume constraint for mandible osteoradionecrosis showed good performance with an area under curve of 0.87 (sensitivity of 0.714 and specificity of 0.807 in the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation) for the very limited patient data included in this study. Conclusion: Our exploratory study showed that both dose and LET were observed to be important in AE initializations. The derived xBD volume constraint could predict mandible osteoradionecrosis reasonably well in the very limited H&N cancer patient data treated with PBS included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop an online graphic processing unit (GPU)‐accelerated Monte Carlo‐based adaptive radiation therapy (ART) workflow for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy to address interfraction anatomical changes in patients treated with PBS. Methods and Materials: A four‐step workflow was developed using our in‐house developed GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo‐based treatment planning system to implement online Monte Carlo‐based ART for PBS. The first step conducts diffeomorphic demon‐based deformable image registration (DIR) to propagate contours on the initial planning CT (pCT) to the verification CT (vCT) to form a new structure set. The second step performs forward dose calculation of the initial plan on the vCT with the propagated contours after manual approval (possible modifications involved). The third step triggers a reoptimization of the plan depending on whether the verification dose meets the clinical requirements or not. A robust evaluation will be done for both the verification plan in the second step and the reopotimized plan in the third step. The fourth step involves a two‐stage (before and after delivery) patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) of the reoptimized plan. The before‐delivery PSQA is to compare the plan dose to the dose calculated using an independent fast open‐source Monte Carlo code, MCsquare. The after‐delivery PSQA is to compare the plan dose to the dose recalculated using the log file (spot MU, spot position, and spot energy) collected during the delivery. Jaccard index (JI), dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used to assess the quality of the propagated contours in the first step. A commercial plan evaluation software, ClearCheck™, was integrated into the workflow to carry out efficient plan evaluation. 3D Gamma analysis was used during the fourth step to ensure the accuracy of the plan dose from reoptimization. Three patients with three different disease sites were chosen to evaluate the feasibility of the online ART workflow for PBS. Results: For all three patients, the propagated contours were found to have good volume conformance [JI (lowest‐highest: 0.833–0.983) and DSC (0.909–0.992)] but suboptimal boundary coincidence [HD (2.37–20.76 mm)] for organs‐at‐risk. The verification dose evaluated by ClearCheck™ showed significant degradation of the target coverage due to the interfractional anatomical changes. Reoptimization on the vCT resulted in great improvement of the plan quality to a clinically acceptable level. 3D Gamma analyses of PSQA confirmed the accuracy of the plan dose before delivery (mean Gamma index = 98.74% with a threshold of 2%/2 mm/10%), and after delivery based on the log files (mean Gamma index = 99.05% with a threshold of 2%/2 mm/10%). The average time cost for the complete execution of the workflow was around 858 s, excluding the time for manual intervention. Conclusion: The proposed online ART workflow for PBS was demonstrated to be efficient and effective by generating a reoptimized plan that significantly improved the plan quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementing professional support systems that are beneficial to the professional needs of faculty of color (FOC) have been found to promote positive work environments. Using a Critical Race Theory lens, the results of this qualitative study yielded two important themes related to support for counselor educators of color (a) culturally responsive mentoring and (b) purposeful support toward tenure and promotion. Culturally relevant implications that addresses programs and systems have been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the RayStation Monte Carlo dose engine (RayStation MC) in modeling small‐field block apertures in proton pencil beam scanning. Furthermore, we evaluate the suitability of MCsquare as a second check for RayStation MC. Methods: We have enhanced MCsquare to model block apertures. To test the accuracy of both RayStation MC and the newly enhanced MCsquare, we compare the dose predictions of each to in‐water dose measurements obtained using diode detectors and radiochromic film. Nine brass apertures with openings of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm and either 2 cm or 4 cm thickness were used in the irradiation of a water phantom. Two measurement setups were used, one with a range shifter and 119.7 MeV proton beam energy and the other with no range shifter and 147 MeV proton beam energy. To further test the validity of RayStation MC and MCsquare in modeling block apertures and to evaluate MCsquare as a second check tool, 10 small‐field (average target volume 8.3 cm3) patient treatment plans were calculated by each dose engine followed by a statistical comparison. Results: Comparing to the absolute dose measurements in water, RayStation MC differed by 1.2% ± 1.0% while MCsquare differed by −1.8% ± 3.7% in the plateau region of a pristine Bragg peak. Compared to the in‐water film measurements, RayStation MC and MCsquare both performed well with an average 2D‐3D gamma passing rate of 99.4% and 99.7% (3%/3 mm), respectively. A t‐test comparing the agreement with the film measurements between RayStation MC and MCsquare suggested that the relative spatial dose distributions calculated by MCsquare and RayStation MC were statistically indistinguishable. Directly comparing the dose calculations between MCsquare and RayStation MC over 10 patients resulted in an average 3D‐3D gamma passing rates of 98.5% (3%/3 mm) and 94.1% (2%/2 mm), respectively. Conclusion: The validity of RayStation MC algorithm for use with patient‐specific apertures has been expanded to include small apertures. MCsquare has been enhanced to model apertures and was found to be an adequate second check of RayStation MC in this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful management strategies are important for conservation and allow accurate surveying and monitoring of populations for presence, abundance, and trend. This becomes challenging for cryptic, low‐density species, and for animals that have complicated life histories where not every stage of the life cycle can be surveyed effectively. We used information from animal‐borne data loggers to characterize the dive‐surfacing behavior of cryptic loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the northwest Atlantic from 2009–2018. Our data covered a large geographic area off the east coast of North America, and allowed us to present estimates for and variation in 3 metrics that can be used to assess availability bias affecting visual surveys: average dive duration, average surface duration, and the proportion of time at the surface. We used a stochastic partial differential equation approach to construct spatiotemporal regression models for the availability bias metrics. Model predictions showed pronounced individual, spatial, and spatiotemporal (seasonal) variation among the 245 turtles. Overall, we estimated an average dive duration of 14.5 ± 1.36 minutes (SE), an average surface duration of 15.1 ± 2.77 minutes, and an average proportion of time at the surface of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.41–0.59). We made predictions of the 3 availability bias metrics on a 20‐km × 20‐km grid and further used predictions to explore seasonal variations. Our results contribute new insights into loggerhead turtle behavior and provide information that enables survey counts to be translated into more accurate abundance estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) often appear unmotivated to change, which thus necessitates a therapeutic approach that matches "resistant" client characteristics. In this article, the authors review common traits of JSOs, [...]