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Simple Summary: An investigation of poor aerobic stability in high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed was conducted in this study. TMR quality factors were discovered, and prospective approaches to increase its fermentation properties and overall stability were investigated. Using infrared thermography (IRT) measurements, it was suggested that dairy cow feeding methods can be optimized in the field by identifying portions with a higher center temperature and maximum temperature difference values. According to the findings, there is a significant potential for IRT to be used in feed management and preservation processes in the future, resulting in higher levels of productivity for livestock. A major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability. Therefore, the current study utilized infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the aerobic stability of water-added TMRs in the feed bunker. By manipulating the moisture content of freshly prepared TMRs at four different levels through water addition and subjecting it to storage at two consistent temperatures, significant correlations between IRT values (center temperature (CT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD)) and key parameters such as lactic acid bacteria, water-soluble carbohydrates, and TMR pH were established. The first and second principal components together accounted for 44.3% of the variation, with the first component's load influenced by IRT parameters, fermentation characteristics, and air exposure times, while the second component's load was influenced by dry matter content and lactic acid concentration. The results of these studies indicate the possibility that feeding methods can be optimized by identifying portions with higher CT or MTD data using IRT measurements just before feeding dairy cows in the field. As a result, increasing the use of IRT in feed management and preservation processes is projected to have a positive impact on animal productivity in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to determine the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum, maize, and their mixture silages without any additives. Sorghum and maize were harvested at dough stage from a local farm in Tekirdağ. Fresh plant materials were chopped to a length of 2-3 cm and packed into polythene bags, and vacuumed. A total of 12 vacuum-packed silos (4 replications in each treatment) were prepared with sorghum (S), maize (M), and a mixture of sorghum-maize (SM) forage (w:w, 50:50 according to dry matter) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The chemical and microbiological composition of silages with the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure were evaluated. Based on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration, all silages could be classified as good quality. The water-soluble carbohydrate level of the SM group increased due to mixing S and M forages, leading to improved lactic acid content. The NDF and ADF values of silages varied between 520.52588.32 and 234.98-309.01 g kg-1, and the differences between silages were significant (P<0.01). The Hemicellulose/Cellulose ratio of S, M, and SM silages were found 0.94, 1.49, and 1.18, respectively. The lactobacilli and yeast content of silages were significant and varied between 5.18-7.41 and 5.18-7.29 log cfu g-1, and the highest and lowest values were observed in SM and S silages, respectively (P<0.01). No visible mold was detected in all silages after 5 days of aerobic exposure (P>0.05). The pH, CO2, and yeast numbers were varied in groups between 4.88-6.74, 55.71-119.33 g kg-1, and 8.40-9.01 log cfu g-1. It was concluded that it is possible to improve the nutritional and fermentation characteristics of sorghum and maize silage by ensiling their mixture. However, it is highly recommended that silage additives should be used to guarantee and strengthen the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage mostly made by a mixture of these two energetic forage crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria+enzyme (LAB+E) mixture inoculants on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of wet brewers grain silages. SILAID (Global Nutritech Biotechnology LLC, Richmond, VA) containing water soluble Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium bacteria with cellulase, pentosanaz and amylase was used as bacterial inoculants. Inoculants were applied to silages at 5x105, 1x106 and 5x106 cfu/g levels. Wet brewers grains were ensiled in 1.0 litter special jars equipped with a lid that enabled gas release only. Silages were sampled for chemical and microbiological analyses on day 60 after ensiling and subjected to aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, IVOMD of silage was determined with enzymatic technique. Lactic acid bacteria+enzyme mixture inoculants decreased the pH, ammonia nitrogen and acetic acid whereas increased the lactic acid and lactobacilli count of silages (P<0.05). In addition, LAB+E mixture inoculants decreased neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose contents (P<0.05) whereas were not effect IVOMD of silages (P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is the property of Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of apple vinegar and sodium diacetate addition on the aerobic stability of fermented high moisture maize grain (HMM) silage after opening. In the study, the effect of three different levels (0%, 0.5% and 1%) of apple vinegar (AV) and sodium diacetate (SDA) supplementation to fermented HMM at two different storage conditions (27–29 °C, 48% Humidity; 35–37 °C, 26% Humidity) were investigated. The material of the study was fermented rolled maize grain with 62% moisture content stored for about 120 days. Silage samples were subjected to aerobic stability test with three replicates for each treatment group. Wendee and microbiological analyses were made at 0, 2, 4, 7, and 12 days. Meanwhile, samples were displayed in the T200 IR brand thermal camera. According to the thermogram results, 1% SDA addition positively affected HMM silages at the second and fourth days of aerobic stability at both storage conditions (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability and infrared thermography analysis indicated that 1% AV, 0.5%, and 1% SDA additions to HMM silages had promising effects. Due to our results, we concluded that thermal camera images might be used as an alternative quality indicator for silages in laboratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Minimizing silage additives cost while increasing silage quality is important for a sustainable livestock enterprise, especially in undeveloped and developing countries. In this study, therefore, commercially available kefir yeast (CK) and homemade kefir culture (HK), as a low-cost additive, was applied at untreated a common control (CON) and three different application doses (5.0, 5.7, and 6.0 log cfu g−1) on wilted alfalfa and evaluated with the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability. The addition of HK with an application dose greater than 5.0 log cfu g−1 prevents mold formation and inhibits yeast counts in silages. Indeed, both CK and HK improve the silage quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa even with low water-soluble carbohydrate content. The present study has been one of the first attempts to thoroughly examine the effects of different kefir sources on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbial communities of alfalfa silages. The effects of commercial kefir (CK) and homemade kefir culture (HK) applied with untreated a common control (CON) and three different application doses (5.0, 5.7, and 6.0 log cfu g−1) on wilted alfalfa and stored at an ambient temperature of 25–30 °C are studied. After 45 days of ensiling, fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silages were measured, and bacterial diversity was investigated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing using the GenomeLab™ GeXP platform. Both CK and HK accelerate more lactic acid production and reduced ammonia nitrogen concentration. Factor analysis of kefir sources suggests that the addition of kefir improves the aerobic stability of silages, even the initial water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content is inadequate via its antimicrobial effect on yeast and mold formation. Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceous and Lactobacillus brevis were dominant bacterial species among the treated groups at silo opening, while Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis became dominant bacterial species after 7 days of aerobic exposure. In conclusion, the application of kefir on alfalfa silages improves fermentation quality and aerobic stability even with low WSC content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma, yüksek nemli dane mısıra homofermantatif + heterofermantatif özelliklere sahip iki farklı inokulantın ilave edilmesinin, farklı açım dönemlerinde (15 ve 30 gün) fermantasyon ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma materyalini yaklaşık %64.84 kuru madde (KM) içeriğine sahip kırılmış yüksek nemli dane mısır oluşturmuştur. Laktik asit bakteri inokulantı olarak Pioneer 11CFT (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 55944, Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC PTA-6138) ve Lalsil combo (Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM MA 18/5U, Lactocbacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788) kullanılmıştır. İnokulant firma önerisi doğrultusunda silajlara ilave edilmiştir. Katkı maddesi ilavesinden sonra silaj örnekleri her muamele grubunda 5'er tekerrür olmak üzere plastik torbalara vakumlanarak doldurulmuştur. Paketler laboratuvar koşullarında 20 ± 2 °C sıcaklıkta depolanmışlardır. Fermantasyonun 15. ve 30. günü açılan silaj örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Açım dönemi sonrası silajlara 5 günlük aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, silolama süresine bağlı olarak silajların pH değeri, amonyağa bağlı nitrojen (NH3-N), suda çözünebilir karbonhidrat (SÇK), lactobacilli (LAB) ve maya içerikleri artarken, KM içerikleri ise düşmüştür (P< 0.001). Katkı maddesi ilaveli silajların, NH3-N, SÇK, laktik asit (LA), LAB ve maya içerikleri kontrol grubu silajlarına oranla daha yüksek, pH değerleri ise daha düşük tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). Aerobik stabilite dönemi üzerinde silolama süresi etkili olmuş, süreye bağlı olarak silajların pH değeri, karbondioksit (CO2) üretimi ve maya içerikleri düşmüştür (P<0.001). Aerobik stabilite döneminde Pioneer 11CFT inokulantı kullanılan yüksek nemli dane mısır silajlarında CO2 üretimini azaltmıştır. Katkı maddesi ilaveli silajların aerobik stabilite döneminde maya içerikleri arttırmıştır, ancak katkı maddesi ilavesi küf gelişimini ise tamamen önlemiştir. Yüksek nemli dane mısır silajlarına, katkı maddesi ilave edilmesinin özellikle küf gelişimini önlemesi araştırmanın önemli bulgulardan birisidir. This study was designed to determine the effects of adding of two different inoculants with homofermentative + heterofermentative properties to high humidity grain maize on fermentation and aerobic stability at different opening periods (15 and 30 days). Crushed high moisture grain corn with approximately 64.84% DM content constituted the research material. Pioneer 11CFT (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 55944, Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC PTA-6138), and Lalsil combo (Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM MA 18/5U, Lactocbacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788) were used as lactic acid bacteria inoculants. Inoculant was added to silages in line with the company's recommendation. After adding the additive, the silage samples were vacuum packed into plastic bags, with 5 replications in each treatment group. The bags were stored at 20±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Chemical and microbiological analyzes were made on silage samples opened on 15 and 30 days of fermentation. After the opening period, aerobic stability test was applied to the silages for 5 days. As a result of the research, pH, NH3-N, WSC, LAB and yeast contents of silages increased, while DM contents decreased (P<0.001) depending on the ensiling time. The pH (excluded), NH3-N, WSC, LA, LAB and yeast contents of the silages with additives were higher than the control silages (P<0.001). The ensiling time was effective on the aerobic stability period, and the pH, CO2, yeast contents of the silages decreased depending on the time (P<0.001). It reduced CO2 production in high moisture grain maize silages using Pioneer 11CFT inoculant during the aerobic stability period. Yeast contents of silages with additives increased during the aerobic stability period, but the addition of additives completely prevented mold growth. One of the important findings of the research is that the addition of additives to high moisture grain corn silages prevents mold growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of homofermentative and/or heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility characteristics of sunflower silages. Sunflower was harvested at the milk stage of maturity. Inoculant 1188 (Pioneer®, USA) was used as homofermentative lactic acid bacteria whereas inoculant 11A44 (Pioneer®, USA) was used as heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant. Inoculants were applied to the silages at 6.00 log10 cfu/g levels. After treatment, the chopped whole crop sunflower was ensiled in 1.0-litre special anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid enabling gas release only. The jars were stored at 25±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group were sampled for chemical and microbiological analyses 2, 4, 8 and 60 days after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, in vitro organic matter digestibility of those silages were determined. The results revealed that homofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculants increased the characteristics of fermentation but impaired the aerobic stability of the sunflower silages (P<0.05). However, the application of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria increased the concentration of acetic acid and the aerobic stability (P<0.05) of the sunflower silages. In vitro organic matter digestibility was numerically increased for treated than control silages (P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]