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Abstract Background Transgingival probing is conventionally used for gingival thickness (GT) measurement. However, invasiveness is a major drawback of transgingival probing. Thus, researchers have been in search of alternative methods for measurement of GT. This study compared the clinical efficacy of intraoral ultrasonography and transgingival probing for measurement of GT in different biotypes. Materials and methods This clinical trial was conducted on 34 patients requiring crown lengthening surgery. GT was measured at 40 points with 2- and 4-mm distances from the free gingival margin (FGM) of anterior and premolar teeth of both jaws in each patient by an intraoral ultrasound probe. For measurement of GT by the transgingival probing method, infiltration anesthesia was induced, and a #25 finger spreader (25 mm) was vertically inserted into the soft tissue until contacting bone. The inserted length was measured by a digital caliper with 0.01 mm accuracy. All measurements were made by an operator with high reliability under the supervision of a radiologist. Data were analyzed by t-test, Power and Effect Size formula, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The two methods were significantly different in measurement of GT in both thick and thin biotypes at 2- and 4-mm distances (P

Background and Objective. The success of implant treatment may be compromised by peri-implant diseases. It would be advantageous to identify the factors that could make implants more susceptible to these conditions in order to prevent and manage peri-implant diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, and their potential risk indicators. Methods. Patients examined during postloading maintenance visits were included in this study. The presence of peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis and several patient- and implant-related independent variables was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios (OR) of the potential association between each variable and the occurrence of peri-implant diseases were evaluated. Results. Among the 114 participants with 403 implants, peri-implantitis was found in at least one implant of nine individuals (7.89%), and a total of 13 implants were affected by peri-implantitis (3.22%). The univariate regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between arch (OR = 4.81; 95% CI = 1.27–31.36) and soft tissue thickness (OR = 4.07; 95% CI = 1.33–13.73) with the occurrence of peri-implantitis. The multivariate analysis confirmed the significant impact of soft tissue thickness (OR = 3.60; 95% CI = 1.16–12.24). Conclusion. The occurrence of peri-implant diseases can be influenced by various factors. However, in order to accurately identify risk indicators, it is necessary to conduct long-term prospective studies.

Abstract Background Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a prevalent infectious disease caused by an interplay between pathogens and immune responses. Gene polymorphisms are among the factors that affect susceptibility to CP. This study aimed to assess the association between CP and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes. Methods A total of 87 patients with CP and 89 healthy controls were included in this study. Venous blood samples were obtained, and DNA was extracted and purified. Segments containing the relevant genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Electrophoresis was performed after restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine genotype and allele frequencies. Results The CP group showed significantly different allele and genotype frequencies for three out of five SNPs: IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, and IL-1ß + 3954 C/T (p 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that carriers of IL-10 ─ 592 A allele and IL-1ß + 3954 T allele are at higher risk of CP (p 0.05). Conclusions This study showed specific genotypes of IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, IL-1ß + 3954 C/T, and TNF-α ─ 857 G/A SNPs may be associated with an increased risk of CP development.

Background. The maxillary palatine process (MPP) is an excellent source of autogenous bone transplants for anterior maxillary reconstruction. This research aimed to determine the quantity and quality of accessible MPP as a donor location. Methods. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients referred to the School of Dentistry were evaluated by a certified examiner. The harvestable MPP was defined as the space between the distal surfaces of maxillary first premolars. OnDemand 3D Imaging software was used to determine bone properties. SPSS software was used to investigate the following variables: Bone characteristics are correlated with age and gender, accessible volume, and palatal width and height. P

Aims: This study aimed to compare the biological reactions of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on new xenograft bone substitutes derived from camel and bovine bones. Materials and Methods: DPSCs were cultured and placed on different xenograft materials including Bone Plus (bovine), Camel Bone, and demineralized bovine bone matrix. The viability and proliferation of cells were evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay after 24, 48, and 72 h. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test and Alizarin red staining were performed at 7 and 21 days to assess the osteoblastic differentiation of cells. Osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression was evaluated qualitatively at 3-, 7- and 14-days using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Semi-quantitative PCR was also performed using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: The cell proliferation rate was significantly different among the three xenograft bone substitutes at 24-, 48- and 72 h (P < 0.05). The ALP activity of DPSCs in all three xenograft bone substitute groups was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining showed no significant difference in the formation of calcified nodules among the groups. Qualitative and semi-quantitative PCR displayed that the expression of OCN gene in the Camel Bone and Bone Plus groups was higher than that in the demineralized bovine bone matrix group. Conclusions: The Camel Bone xenograft caused a high proliferation rate and optimal osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs qualitatively and semi-quantitatively in vitro. Further studies are required on this xenograft bone substitute.

Abstract Background Bone volume plays a pivotal role in the success of dental implant treatment. Autogenous bone grafts should be harvested from reliable sites in the maxillofacial region. This study sought to assess the quantity and quality of bone in the mandibular symphysis for autogenous bone graft harvesting using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated the CBCT scans of 78 adults presenting to three oral and maxillofacial radiology centers. The vertical (VD) and horizontal (HD) alveolar bone dimensions, cortical thickness (CT), and cancellous to cortical bone ratio (C/C) were measured in the interforaminal region of the mandible at the sites of central incisor to first premolar teeth. The interforaminal distance (ID) and the anterior loop length were also measured. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data with respect to sex, age, and tooth position. Results The median VD, HD, and CT of the symphysis were 20.21 (3.26), 4.13 (0.37), and 2.25 (0.23) mm, respectively. The median C/C was 1.51 (0.11). The median ID was 52.24 (8.24) mm, and the median anterior loop length was 1.82 (1.06) mm. Significant differences were observed in all parameters among different teeth. Most of the measured parameters were greater in males compared with females. There were significant differences in ID, VD, and CT between different age groups. Conclusions The quantity and quality of the available bone in the mandibular symphysis for bone graft harvesting vary by gender, age, and harvesting site, necessitating careful preoperative evaluation.

Background: Cervical carotid dissection is one of the causes of ischemic stroke in young people. Most of the patients with carotid dissection do not have connective tissue diseases (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). It seems that dissection may occur without an obvious cause or may follow environmental injuries like vigorous neck movements, chiropractic manipulation, emesis, severe coughs, and some infections. We present a case of bilateral carotid dissection in a patient following coronavirus infection and severe coughs. Case Presentation: A 38-year-old right-handed man presented with recurrent episodes of transient right hemiparesis and aphasia. He had a history of coronavirus infection and severe persistent, nonproductive cough 7 days before the onset of his symptoms. Carotid angiography showed tapered flame-like appearance in proximal segment of left ICA starting about 2 cm distal to the carotid bulb caused complete occlusion of left ICA and in right CCA angiography there is pseudo aneurysm in right cervical ICA just before the Petrous segment. In 3 months in follow up DSA there is evidence of complete occlusion of right pseudo aneurysm and recanalization of left ICA without stenosis. Conclusion: COVID-19 may have role in the processes that eventually led to CAD

Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the osteopromoting ability of human tooth powder and compare it to a bovine xenograft, a synthetic material, and the DFDBA allograft. Methods. In this in vitro study, 30 teeth without caries, inflammation, and infection, which had been extracted for orthodontic reasons, were collected. The crowns were removed, pulpectomy was carried out, and the samples were ground to a powder with particles

Background. This study aimed to assess the association of haptoglobin (HP) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) alleles with the presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in a group of Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 69 eligible chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis patients selected from Shahid Beheshti Dental School. The periodontally diseased individuals had at least three teeth with clinical attachment loss of ≥3 mm and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥3 mm in at least two quadrants. Peri-implant PPD of at least one site was ≥5 mm with or without suppuration and bleeding on probing. A plaque index of >20% and a radiographic crestal bone loss was present in at least one site around the implant. The paper point method was used for sampling from the deepest periodontal/peri-implant pocket of each tooth or implant for the DNA checkerboard hybridization technique. Statistical analyses were performed with PASW Statistics 18.0. The variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies (%). Results. An Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) score of 1–2 was 5.8 times more frequent in HP 2, rs1723540 G, and rs2276631 G alleles. A Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) score of 1–2 was 4.8 times more common in the subjects carrying HP 2, rs1723540 G, and rs2276631 G alleles compared with HP 1, rs1723540 A, and rs2276631 A alleles. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it seems that there was a relationship between HP and NRAMP1 allele frequencies and the presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in the Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis evaluated in the present study.

Background. It is crucial to maintain periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Biotype is a critical factor to be considered in this regard. This systematic review investigated the scientific evidence on the relationship between gingival biotype and marginal periodontal alterations induced by orthodontic interventions. Methods. An electronic search was conducted for pertinent studies in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane up to August 1, 2019 based on a detailed protocol according to the PRISMA statement. The authors also completed a hand search in six dental journals and the bibliographic lists of the relevant studies. Results. Of 1512 citations retrieved through the electronic search, 602 were duplicate entries. By evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, eight articles conformed to the inclusion criteria; however, no relevant studies were found through hand searching. The evidence suggested that recession was inversely related with the thickness of the facial margin. These findings were more evident in proclined teeth and patients using fixed appliances. Conclusion. The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy might result in mild detrimental effects on the periodontium, especially in patients with thin biotype. However, due to the limited investigations and their inconsistent methodology, further well-designed prospective studies are necessary.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the average and maximum height of the papilla around maxillary anterior implants in respect of neighboring structures and location of implants. Materials and Methods. 92 dental implants from 63 patients were investigated in this study. Those implants were placed in the anterior maxillary region and had been loaded for a minimum of one year. After receiving written consent, clinical data including the height of interproximal papillae adjacent to the tooth/implant/pontic were obtained through clinical observation. The independent t-test or ANOVA, the regression modeling, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used for statistical analysis (p

Background. Thisstudy aimed to compare the effect of one and two sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbial parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods. This study was conducted on 20 patients. The dental quadrants of patients were randomly assigned to SRP at baseline (group 1), SRP at baseline and one month (group 2), SRP plus aPDT at baseline (group 3) and SRP plus aPDT at baseline and one month (group 4). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, and bleeding on probing (BoP) were measured at baseline, and one and three months later. F. nucleatum counts were determined by PCR. ANOVA was used for the comparison of these variables between the groups. Results. In all the groups, PD reduction and CAL gain increased significantly at 1- and 3-month intervals compared to baseline (P=0.001). At three months, the difference in PD between groups 1 and 3 was statistically significant (P=0.014). CAL gain between groups 2 and 4 at one month (P=0.016) and three months (P=0.001) wasstatistically significant. Reduction in F. nucleatum counts was not significant between the four study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. A combination of two sessions of aPDT and SRP could improve CAL gain; however, further long-term studies are necessary in this regard.

Introduction: Biologic mediators such as platelet-rich fibrins (PRF) or enamel matrix derivatives (Emdogain®) are used for the regeneration of the soft and hard tissues. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of PRF and Emdogain® on the proliferation and differentiation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled in vitro trial, blood samples were obtained from a healthy person and Choukroun’s PRF was prepared according to the standard protocol. Fibroblast cells were cultured with PRF and different concentration of Emdogain®. MTT test were used to measure fibroblast cells proliferation after 24 and 72 hours. Results: As compared to negative control (FBS 1%), Emdogain® 50μg/ml significantly increased cells proliferation up to 123.2% and 111.2% after 24 and 72 hours. The values were 214.9% and 121.9% for Emdogain® 100μg/ml. The increased proliferation values were significant for both groups after 24 hours (P

Introduction: This study compared the root surface roughness following scaling and root planning with manual curettes and different powers of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers using surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 50 extracted teeth were buccolingually sectioned into two halves. The obtained contaminated surfaces randomly received the following treatments: SRP with manual curettes (group I), Er:YAG laser irradiation (4 W) (group II), manual curette+Er: YAG laser (1W) (group III), manual curette+ Er,Cr:YSGG laser (150 mJ) (group IV) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (250 mJ) (group V). Surface roughness (Ra), surface changes (Rz) and maximum roughness changes (Rmax) were calculated before and after treatment while the surface morphology was examined by SEM analysis. The differences in roughness parameters were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test for each modality. Results: Except for the manual curette group (I) in which the roughness parameters decreased significantly (P

Background. Splinting of teeth is performed for effective distribution of loads in mobile teeth and to lower the stress applied to compromised teeth. Biomechanics cannot adequately explain load distribution around natural teeth. This study aimed to compare the distribution pattern and magnitude of stress and strain around splinted and non-splinted teeth with compromised periodontium using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Methods. Six mandibular anterior teeth were scanned and data were registered in CATIA® and then SolidWorks® software programs. The jawbone was also designed. In the second model, the teeth were splinted with fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). The models were then transferred to ANSYS® software program and after meshing and fixing, 100- and 200-N loads were applied at zero and 30° angles. The magnitude and distribution of stress and strain in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the surrounding cortical bone were determined. Results. A significant reduction in stress was noted in cortical bone around central and lateral incisors while an increase in stress was noted around the canine tooth after splinting. All these changes were more significant under 100-N load compared to 200-N load and greater differences were noted in response to the application of oblique loads compared to vertical loads. Conclusion. Splinting decreased the magnitude of stress and strain in teeth close to the center of splint and increased the stress and strain in teeth far from the center of splint. Adequate bone support of canine teeth must be ensured prior to selection of splinting as the treatment plan for the anterior mandible since it increases the longevity of all the teeth.

Background and Objective: Taking back to many years ago, there are still some deficit in higher educational programs. One of the goals in every training system is to determine baseline and updated information regarding demands and attitudes of post-graduate students to predict the probable shortcomings. This study was performed to evaluate the attitude of post-graduate dental students to their position and future. Materials and Methods: This cross - sectional study was done on some postgraduate students of Shahid Beheshti dental school. Data was collected through a questionnaire whose reliability and validity had already been calculated. The questionnaire included different questions about their attitude toward the major courses, school, and the social status of dentists, etc. Mean scores of selected answers to specific 21 questions determined the final score via a range of 1-4 for each answers. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: The mean and SD score of the attitude of postgraduate students was 2.62 ± 0.3 (partly satisfied) that was more than the half of the total points score (2.5). Conclusion: Post-graduate students are seriously concerned about their job future. This requires special attention considering cultural and financial factors.

Background and objective: Periodical evaluation of educational curriculum is of great importance to know the strength and weakness, and thus success in education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accomplishment of educational objective and related factors in senior students of the periodontolgy department of dental school of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2011-12. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 28 senior students attending the periodontology department participated in the study and their theoretical and practical knowledge were evaluated based on a prepared checklist and questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: According to the results, the educational objectives accomplished by senior students of the periodontology ward were desirable by %3.6, almost desirable by %60.7 and not desirable by %35.7. Achievement of educational objectives showed a correlation between sex and admission allotment (P

Soft tissue-implant interface is an important anatomical feature contributing to the long-term success of dental implants. Based on the available evidence, different factors may influence biological width around implants including the surgical technique, implant loading, implant surface properties, abutment materials, implant position, and width of the peri-implant mucosa. The purpose of the present review was critical evaluation of the available data, regarding the factors that may influence the biologic width around implants and their subsequent effect on clinical performance of implants. Available literature on this subject published primarily in English from 1921 to 2014, was found by searching several electronic databases and by hand searching relevant journals as well. Totally, 70 relevant articles were selected for this narrative review. The structure of peri-implant mucosa has many similarities, as well as differences with its periodontal counterpart. Most studies report larger values for peri-implant biologic width compared to that of natural teeth. This literature review yielded contradictory data regarding the dimensions of the biologic width when different influential factors were taken into account. .

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the cytotoxicity of Reso-Pac and Coe-Pak periodontal dressing. Material and Methods: According to ISO-10993-12:2012, 1-, 3- and 7-day extracts of the two periodontal dressings were prepared in cell culture medium and exposed to the two cultured cell lines. Cell viability and proliferation at 24 h and 72 h following exposure were evaluated using quantitative MTT assay. Results: The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the viability of cells exposed to the 3- and 7-day Coe-Pak extracts at 24 h and 72 h compared to the control group (no exposure to the extract). Reso-Pac extracts slightly decreased cell viability compared to the control group. Understudy materials showed greater cytotoxicity against human osteoblast-like compared to the human gingival fibroblast cells. No significant (P > 0.05) difference was found in the viability of cells exposed to undiluted (100%) one-day extract and diluted (50%) extract of both understudy materials at 24 h and 72 h after exposure. Conclusions: Based on the results, Reso-Pac periodontal dressing has less cytotoxicity than Coe-Pak.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of flask investment materials on the color changes of different brands of resin denture teeth. Methods: Resin denture teeth (560) were divided into 2 groups according to the materials used for flask investment (silicone or gypsum). All the specimens were thermocycled between 4°C and 60°C with 60-s dwell times for 1,000 cycles. Subsequently, the specimens of each group were divided into 4 subgroups based on the immersion media: coffee, tea, cola, and distilled water. Digital images of the teeth were taken before immersion and 30 days after immersion. The color samples were measured using the CIE L*a*b* system, and color differences (∆E) were calculated. The data were evaluated by three ways ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test. Results: There was not a significant difference in ∆E using three-way ANOVA, while the results showed considerable statistical differences with two factor ANOVA interaction. The ∆E values in the silicone group were significantly more than those in the gypsum group (P

The purpose of this paper was to review the commercially available periodontal dressings, their physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility and therapeutic effects. Electronic search of scientific papers from 1956 to 2012 was carried out using PubMed, Scopus and Wiley InterScience search engines using the searched terms periodontal dressing, periodontal pack. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have evaluated various properties of periodontal dressings. Physical and chemical properties of dressings are directly related to their dimensional changes and adhesion properties. Their biocompatibility and therapeutic effect are among the other factors evaluated in the literature. Chlorhexidine is the most commonly used antibacterial agent in studies. In general, when comparing the advantages with the disadvantages, application of periodontal dressing seems to be beneficial. Numerous factors are involved in selection of an optimal dressing such as surgeon’s intention, required time for the dressing to remain on the surgery site and its dimensional changes.

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to determine the stress patterns within an implant and the effect of different types of connections on load transfer. Materials and methods. Three different types of implant-abutment connections were selected for this study. Sample A: 1.5-mm deep internal hex corresponding to a lead-in bevel; sample B: a tri-channel internal connection; and sample C: internal Morse taper with 110 degrees of tapering and 6 anti-rotational grooves. Four types of loading conditions were simulated in a finite element model, with the maximum von Mises stress set as output variables. Results. The maximum stress concentration at the inner surface of the fixtures was higher than the stress value in bone in all of the samples. Stress values in sample B were the lowest amongst all of the models. Any alterations in the amount and direction of the 100-N axial load resulted in an increase in fixture surfaces stress. Overall, the highest amount of stress (112 MPa) was detected in sample C at the inner surface of the fixture under a non-axial load of 300 N. Conclusion. Stress concentration decreased when the internal surface area increased. Creating three or six stops in the internal surface of the fixtures resulted in a decrease in stress.

Gene polymorphism of cytokines influencing their function has been known as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the tooth and implant supporting tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-17R gene polymorphism (rs879576) with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis in an Iranian population. 73 patients with chronic periodontitis, 37 patients with periimplantitis and 83 periodontally healthy patients were enrolled in this study. 5cc blood was obtained from each subject’s arm vein and transferred to tubes containing EDTA. Genomic DNA was extracted using Miller's Salting Out technique. The DNA was transferred into 96 division plates, transported to Kbioscience Institute in United Kingdom and analyzed using the Kbioscience Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to analyze differences in the expression of genotypes and frequency of alleles in disease and control groups (P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant). There were no significant differences between periodontitis, periimplantitis with AA, GG, GA genotype of IL-17R gene (P=0.8239). Also comparison of frequency of alleles in SNP rs879576 of IL-17R gene between the chronic periodontitis group and periimplantitis group did not revealed statistically significant differences (P=0.8239). The enigma of IL-17 and its polymorphism-role in periodontitis and periimplantitis is yet to be investigated more carefully throughout further research but this article demonstrates that polymorphism of IL-17R plays no significant role in incidence of chronic periodontitis and Periimplantitis.

Background: Different techniques have been proposed for the treatment of gingival recession. The majority of current procedures use autogenous soft-tissue grafts, which are associated with morbidity at the donor sites. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) Alloderm is an alternative donor material presented to reduce related morbidity and provide more volume of the donor tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an ADM allograft for root coverage and to compare it with a connective tissue graft (CTG), when used with a double papillary flap. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients with bilateral class I or II gingival recessions were selected. A total of 32 recessions were treated and randomly assigned into the test and contralateral recessions into the control group. In the control group, the exposed root surfaces were treated by the placement of a CTG in combination with a double papillary flap; and in the test group, an ADM allograft was used as a substitute for palatal donor tissue. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue (KT), recession height and width were measured before, and after 2 weeks and 6 months of surgery. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups in terms of recession reduction, clinical attachment gain, and reduction in probing depth. The control group had a statistically significant increased area of KT after 6 months compared to the test group. Conclusion: ADM allograft can be considered as a substitute for palatal donor tissue in root coverage procedure.

In inflammatory diseases such as peri-implantitis (PI) and chronic periodontitis (CP) both adaptive and innate immunity play a part. Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) has considerable effects on macrophage function (phagocytosis) and host innate immune response against infections. The present study was to investigate the relationship of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms with PI and CP in an Iranian population. In this cross sectional study 79 patients with CP, 38 patients with PI and 84 healthy controls presenting to the Periodontology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples of arm vein of participants and transferred to KBiosience institute (United Kingdom) for genotyping. X2 and Fisher’s exact tests were used by SPSS software v.19 for statistical analyzes. Significant differences were detected in the distribution of genotypes between control and CP groups both for rs17235409 and rs2276631 polymorphisms (P:0.044 and P:0.028 respectively). Distribution of genotypes differed insignificantly in comparison of PI and control groups for rs2276631 (P:0.623) and either rs17235409 (P:1) polymorphisms. Based on our results, we conclude that presence of G allele in both rs2276631 and rs17235409 location may be a protective factor against CP. More studies with a larger sample size in different populations are required for confirming NRAMP1 as a genetic determinant in periodontal disorders.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) and peri-implantitis (PI) are multifactorial diseases of tooth and implant supporting apparatus. Bacterial invasion and consequent host immune response seem to play a role in relevant pathogenesis. The structural differences between tooth and implant pose preferential biofilm colonization. This study was aimed to compare the prevalence of bacteria in CP and PI. Clinical and radiographic examination performed over 69 individuals referred to Shahid Beheshti Dental School (Tehran, Iran) and four groups categorized: CP (n=22), HP (n=21), PI (n=13) and HI (n=13). The mean age was 45.6 years, 55% of participants were female and 45% were male. Bacterial samples were collected by paper point method and transferred to Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg (Gothenburg, Sweden) for checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of bacteria in four groups. Significant differences were observed for T. forsythia, P. intermedia, C. rectus, P. endodontic, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and P. tannerae (P

Chronic periodontitis (CP) and peri-implantitis (PI) are multifactorial diseases of tooth and implant supporting apparatus. Bacterial invasion and consequent host immune response seem to play a role in relevant pathogenesis. The structural differences between tooth and implant pose preferential biofilm colonization. This study was aimed to compare the prevalence of bacteria in CP and PI. Clinical and radiographic examination performed over 69 individuals referred to Shahid Beheshti Dental School (Tehran, Iran) and four groups categorized: CP (n=22), HP (n=21), PI (n=13) and HI (n=13). The mean age was 45.6 years, 55% of participants were female and 45% were male. Bacterial samples were collected by paper point method and transferred to Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg (Gothenburg, Sweden) for checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of bacteria in four groups. Significant differences were observed for T. forsythia, P. intermedia, C. rectus, P. endodontic, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and P. tannerae (P

Due to advances in interventional techniques, the transvenous approach may present an effective treatment option for embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Contrary to the transarterial method, the transvenous approach can only be utilized in a specific subset of patients and is not suitable as a standard procedure for all AVM lesions. While this technique can be helpful in certain patients, careful patient selection to ensure patient safety and favorable clinical outcomes is important. However, especially in high-flow AVMs, targeted deposition of embolic materials through a transvenous access can be challenging. Therefore, a temporary flow arrest may prove helpful. Transient cardiac arrest by use of adenosine has been applied in cerebrovascular surgery but is not common for endovascular embolization. Adenosine-induced arrest and systemic hypotension may be a feasible, safe method to reduce flow and help endovascular transvenous embolization of certain AVMs. Our study evaluated the efficiency and safety of adenosine-induced circulatory arrest for transvenous embolization of cerebral AVMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical carotid dissection is one of the causes of ischemic stroke in young people. Most of the patients with carotid dissection do not have connective tissue diseases (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). It seems that dissection may occur without an obvious cause or may follow environmental injuries like vigorous neck movements, chiropractic manipulation, emesis, severe coughs, and some infections. We present a case of bilateral carotid dissection in a patient following coronavirus infection and severe coughs. Case Presentation: A 38-year-old right-handed man presented with recurrent episodes of transient right hemiparesis and aphasia. He had a history of coronavirus infection and severe persistent, nonproductive cough 7 days before the onset of his symptoms. Carotid angiography showed tapered flame-like appearance in proximal segment of left ICA starting about 2 cm distal to the carotid bulb caused complete occlusion of left ICA and in right CCA angiography there is pseudo aneurysm in right cervical ICA just before the Petrous segment. In 3 months in follow up DSA there is evidence of complete occlusion of right pseudo aneurysm and recanalization of left ICA without stenosis. Conclusion: COVID-19 may have role in the processes that eventually led to CAD [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endovascular treatment of high-flow vascular lesions with onyx may be very dangerous due to premature occlusion of the vein resulting from high flow-induced migration of this embolic substance without occlusion of the feeding vessels and the nidus. It is also dangerous because of the risk of occlusion of the normal vessels around the lesion. Inducing temporary cardiac arrest using adenosine may be helpful in limiting and minimizing these risks. However anaesthetic management of this procedure in children suffering from high-flow vascular lesions is difficult and challenging. Methods: We report three paediatric patients with high-flow cerebrospinal vascular lesions that underwent endovascular treatment under general anaesthesia and temporary cardiac arrest with adenosine. Adenosine was administered in escalating doses to induce a few seconds of cardiac standstill and the onyx injection was synchronized with the onset of adenosine-induced cardiac standstill, the fistula being occluded by onyx. Results: There were no complications in peri-procedural treatment in all three cases. Post-embolization angiography revealed complete obliteration of the lesion, and the patients’ neurological status progressively improved at follow-up. Conclusion: Adenosine-induced temporary cardiac standstill was successfully used to facilitate safe and controlled endovascular onyx embolization of high-flow central nervous system vascular lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]