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In this paper, we utilized machine learning techniques to perform finger separation recognition. The research results show that using the machine learning method proposed in this article, in combination with Novatek TDDI NT36523 tablet TDDI IC, it can largely improve the resolution of finger enumeration, especially when two fingers are very close together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to probiotics, some inactivated bacteria, their components, and metabolites also have many probiotic functions, which can be collectively called postbiotics Postbiotics mainly come from inactive components in probiotics, which can play a probiotic role. It has the advantages of high safety, good stability and wide applicability, and has many probiotic effects such as improving gastrointestinal function, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic, immune regulation, and relieving obesity. It has broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine, and animal husbandry production. At present, postbiotics has been gradually used in animal production, and has shown many functions, such as improving livestock and poultry production performance, improving animal product quality and preventing and treating diseases, but its application has not been popularized. In this paper, the research progress of postbiotics in livestock and poultry production was summarized, in order to provide a reference for its further wide application in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal gut is home to a large number and rich variety of microbial flora. Intestinal microbes and their metabolites are believed to play an important role in regulating the metabolism of animal nutrients and maintaining intestinal immunity. The balance of intestinal microbiota is affected by diet, environment and metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites and vitamins, etc.), and have certain effect on body metabolism and immune response of animals through metabolites. Studying the effect of intestinal microbial metabolites on immune function helps to understand the interaction mechanism between intestinal microbes and animals. The article reviews the synthesis of intestinal microbial metabolites and the mechanisms mediating intestinal immunity, aiming to further explore the role of intestinal microbial metabolites in maintaining animal intestinal health, in order to provide reference for functional study of intestinal microbial metabolites and their application in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a copper‐catalyzed photoinduced [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of α‐acidic isocyanides with 2,5‐diaryltetrazoles is described. The reaction proceeded smoothly with high regioselectivity, affording a range of important 1,2,4‐triazines under mild conditions. The obtained 1,2,4‐triazines were converted into triazine alcohol, Weinreb amide and triazinone easily, which further illustrate the utility of this [3+3] cycloaddition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the application of computational tools to the rational design of catalysts has received considerable attention, but progress has been limited by the reliance on databases and because mechanistic data have been almost neglected. Herein, we report a new strategy for catalyst design, designated catalyst‐oriented design based on elementary reactions (CODER), which fully utilizes mechanistic data, combines the strengths of computational tools and researcher experience. CODER enabled the development of extremely efficient Pd catalysts for C−N coupling, which markedly improved the efficiency of the synthesis of widely used triarylamine optoelectronic materials by enhancing the turnover numbers (up to 340000) to 1–3 orders of magnitude towards literature values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein the design, synthesis and characterisation of a series of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes [Ir(ttp)(CH2CH2OH)] (H2ttp = 5,10,15,20-tetra-4-tolylporphyrin) (1), [Ir(tpp-Ph-NO2)(CO)Cl] (H2tpp-Ph-NO2 = 5-(4-((4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyloxymethyl)phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (2), [Ir(tpp-COOMe)(Py)2](Cl) (H2tpp-COOMe = 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin; Py = pyridine) (3) and [Ir(tpp-COOH)(Py)2](Cl) (H2tpp-COOH = 5-(4-carboxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (4). All the complexes displayed long-lived near-infrared (NIR) emission attributed to an excited state of mixed triplet intraligand (3IL) (π → π*) (porphyrin) and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) (dπ(Ir) → π*(porphyrin)) character. The cytotoxicity of the complexes toward HeLa cells was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cationic complexes 3 and 4 exhibited higher cytotoxic activity toward HeLa cells than their neutral counterparts 1 and 2. Cellular uptake studies by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) indicated that complexes 3 and 4 showed higher cellular uptake efficiencies than complexes 1 and 2 due to their cationic charge, and they were enriched in the perinuclear region of the cells with negligible nuclear uptake. Additionally, the carboxyl complex 4 was used to label a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) via an amidation reaction. The resultant luminescent protein conjugate 4-BSA displayed similar photophysical properties and intracellular localisation behaviour to its parent complex. The results of this work will contribute to the development of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes and related bioconjugates as NIR-emissive probes for bioimaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an in‐cell optical fingerprint sensor integrated with an OLED display, featuring a high‐sensitivity sensor that was determined through systematic evaluation. Feasibility of the proposed sensor and sensing circuit was verified through optical and electrical simulation. Additionally, three different approaches to increase the contrast and dynamic range of the identification unit were proposed, including embedding a lens element, exploiting color filters, and optimizing sensor location. Finally, the paper concludes with design considerations for promoting sensing accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an important pupae parasitoid of Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This study observed the adult reproductive behaviour of T. brontispae, including emergence, courtship, mating, and oviposition when it develops in pupae of B. longissima. Our results showed that the peak emergence time of parasitoids was within the first 2 h after the first parasitoid emerged. Most host pupae had one or two emergence holes mainly on the third to sixth abdominal segments. The average number of emerged adults was 23.51 ± 9.08. Once it leaves the host pupa, the courtship and mating behaviour of T. brontispae were observed within 1–2 min after a male meets a female, and the mating process was usually short. Every segment of host pupa could be parasitised except the first and the last segments. The duration of oviposition was 16–20 min. The number of emerged adults had nothing to do with the duration of oviposition. Females and males were capable to mate more than once in their lifetime, and antennae appeared to be an important communication tool during their courtship behaviour. When multiple pairs of adults were together, the obvious competition was observed between males. When ovipositing, the female will choose to parasitise among multiple pupae. This paper introduces the adult behaviour of T. brontispae, may help updating the previous data and providing more comprehensive understanding for other scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein new luminescent rhenium(I) perfluorobiphenyl complexes that reacted specifically with the cysteine residue of the π-clamp sequence (FCPF) to afford novel peptide-based imaging reagents, photosensitisers for singlet oxygen and enzyme sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel sequential ring opening reaction of aza-cyclobutanone oxime esters with isocyanides is described. The reaction proceeded smoothly under redox-neutral and mild conditions, leading to a divergent synthesis of α-cyanomethylaminoamides, α-acyloxyamides and α-acylaminoamides. In these transformations, a selective N–O/C–C or N–O/C–C/C–N cleavage was achieved only by changing the iron-catalyst system. Among them, a rare sequential N–O/C–C/C–N cleavage process with a classical Passerini or Ugi multicomponent reaction can be executed in a single step. To the best of our knowledge, this work creates a novel reaction mode of cycloketone oximes and provides new opportunities for reaction design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the stem cell markers, characteristics and biological functions of cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells in human oral cancer. SP cells were isolated from the human oral squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cell line by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence dye and flow cytometry. The colony forming and proliferative capability of SP and non-SP cells were detected using a live-cell analysis system in vitro. The number of cells expressing stem cell markers was compared between SP cells and non-SP cells by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of stem cell genes, respectively. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SP and non-SP cells was determined by microarray hybridization and an miRNA regulation network was produced. With regard to the proliferation capability, SP cells reached 60.0% confluence after 40 h of growth compared with 35.1% confluence for non-SP cells (P<0.05). The number of colonies in SP cells was 43.1±9.2 compared with 33.0±8.2 of non-SP cells (P<0.05). The aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1)-positive cell number in the SP cells was increased by 10 times compared with the non-SP cells (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALDH1, SRY-box 2, POU class 5 homeobox 1 and Nanog homeobox in SP cells were significantly higher compared with non-SP cells (P<0.05). Microarray hybridization demonstrated that 21 miRNAs were upregulated and 13 miRNAs were downregulated in SP cells compared with non-SP cells. SP cells in Tca8113 demonstrated greater capability of proliferation and colony formation compared with non-SP cells in vitro. Stem cell markers were overexpressed in SP cells compared with non-SP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the construction of a highly negatively charged layered material [CH3CH2NH3]6In6S12 (InS-1) by introducing a lacunary cluster as the building block is reported. The pronounced framework negative charge density (5.59 × 10−3) and the soft Lewis basic S component endow InS-1 with an effective ion exchange performance toward heavier Sr2+, with a top-level adsorption capacity qm of 105.35 mg g−1. InS-1 exhibits a good exchange activity over pH 3–12, and the Sr2+-laden product can be facilely eluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented here is the deep eutectic solvothermal synthesis of an open framework copper selenidogermanate, namely [NH3CH3]0.75Cu1.25GeSe3 (CuGeSe-1), which exhibits a rapid and effective Cs+ ion exchange performance (qm = 225.3 mg g−1). CuGeSe-1 shows a structural flexibility upon Cs+ exchange. The robust selenide-based framework contributes to an excellent pH stability (1–12). The Cs+-laden product could be facilely eluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication reports novel luminescent rhenium(I)–polypyridine complexes appended with a perylene diimide (PDI) or benzoperylene monoimide (BPMI) moiety through a non‐conjugated linker. The photophysical and photochemical properties originating from the interactions of the metal polypyridine and perylene units were exploited to afford new cellular reagents with thiol‐sensing capability and excellent photocytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although the strain‐promoted sydnone–alkyne cycloaddition reaction has been utilized for bioconjugation, its potential applications in bioorthogonal labeling and imaging in live cells have not been explored. This communication reports novel bioorthogonal imaging reagents with environment‐sensitive emission properties through the modification of sydnone with cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes. These complexes displayed significant emission enhancement and lifetime elongation upon reaction with strained alkyne derivatives, and were utilized to label cyclooctyne‐modified proteins and ceramide molecules in live cells. Additionally, the manipulation of the photocytotoxicity of the complexes through the use of a bioorthogonal reagent was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To resolve the problems of bacterial infections and the low efficiency of osteogenesis of implanted titanium alloys in clinical dental and bone therapy, we developed a bifunctional titanium alloy (Ti) with a nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (HBD + BMP/HA-Ti), which enables the sustained release of the natural antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 3 (HBD-3) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Due to the poriferous nano-sized structure of the HA coating with a 20-30 μm thickness, the HBD + BMP/HA-Ti material had a high encapsulation efficiency (>74%) and exhibited synchronized slow release of HBD-3 and BMP-2. In an antibacterial test, HBD + BMP/HA-Ti prevented the growth of bacteria in an inoculated medium, and its surface remained free from viable bacteria after a continuous incubation with Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains for 7 days. Furthermore, good adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in contact with HBD + BMP/HA-Ti were achieved in 7 days. Therefore, the bifunctional titanium alloy HBD + BMP/HA-Ti has a great potential for eventual applications in the protection of implants against bacteria in the orthopaedic and dental clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different forms of biopolyester PHBVHHx microspheres were prepared so as to compare the mammalian cell behaviors in suspension cultivation system. Based on a microbial terpolyester PHBVHHx consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx), solid microspheres (SMSs), hollow microspheres (HMSs), and porous microspheres (PMS) were successfully prepared by a modified solvent evaporation method involving gas-in-oil-in-water (G1/O/W2) double emulsion, water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion and oil-in-water (O/W) single emulsion, respectively. Generally, PMSs have diameters ranging from 330 to 400 μm with pore sizes of 10 to 60 μm. The pores inside the PMSs were found well interconnected compared with PHBVHHx prepared by the traditional solvent evaporation method, resulting in the highest water uptake ratio. When inoculated with human osteoblast-like cells lasting 6 days, PMS showed much better cell attachment and proliferation compared with other less porous microspheres due to its large inner space as a 3 D carrier. Cell migration towards surface and other interconnected inner pores was clearly observable. Dead or apoptotic cells were found more common among less porous SMSs or HMSs compared with highly porous PMSs. It is therefore concluded that porous PHBVHHx microspheres with larger surface open pores and interconnected inner pores can serve as a carrier or scaffold supporting more and better cell growth for either injectable purposes or simply supporting cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The in-vitro study indicated that ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal channels may play an important role in reparative regeneration process after peripheral nerve injury. But, relevant in-vivo study was infrequent. In particular, there has been no report on simultaneous activation of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal channels in facial nerve cell and axon after facial nerve injury. Results The expression of P-ERK enhanced in nerve cells at the injury side on the 1 d after the rat facial nerve was cut and kept on a higher level until 14 d, but decreased on 28 d. The expression of P-AKT enhanced in nerve cells at the injury side on 1 d after injury, and kept on a higher level until 28 d. The expression of P-ERK enhanced at the near and far sections of the injured axon on 1 d, then increased gradually and reached the maximum on 7 d, but decreased on 14 d, until down to the level before the injury on 28 d. The expression of P-AKT obviously enhanced in the injured axon on 1 d, especially in the axon of the rear section, but decreased in the axon of the rear section on 7 d, while the expression of axon in the far section increased to the maximum and kept on till 14 d. On 28 d, the expression of P-AKT decreased in both rear and far sections of the axon. Conclusion The facial nerve simultaneously activated ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal channels in facial nerve cells and axons after the cut injury, but the expression levels of P-ERK and P-AKT varied as the function of the time. In particular, they were quite different in axon of the far section. It has been speculated that two signal channels might have different functions after nerve injury. However, their specific regulating effects should still be testified by further studies in regenerative process of peripheral nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serine proteases play important roles in digestion and immune responses during insect development. In the present study, the serine protease gene BmSP36, which encodes a 292-residue protein, was cloned from the midgut cells of Bombyx mori. BmSP36 contains an intact catalytic triad (H57, D102 and S195) and a conserved substrate-binding site (G189, H216 and G226), suggesting that it is a serine protease with chymotrypsin-like specificity. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of BmSP36 indicated that its messenger RNA and protein expression mainly occurred in the midgut at the feeding stages. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed secretion of BmSP36 protein from epithelial cells into the midgut lumen. The transcriptional and translational expression of BmSP36 was down-regulated after starvation but up-regulated after refeeding. Moreover, expression of the BmSP36 gene could be up-regulated by a juvenile hormone analogue. These results enable us to better define the potential role of BmSP36 in dietary protein digestion at the feeding stages during larval development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sialic acids play important roles in mammalian development, cell-cell attachment, and signaling. As cancer cells utilize their overexpressed sialylated antigens to propagate metastases, the development of probes for sialic acids is of high importance. Herein, we report three luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bipyridine complexes bearing a phenylboronic acid (PBA) moiety. Spectrophotometric titrations revealed that the PBA complexes displayed higher binding affinity for the most common sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) compared with simple sugars that are commonly found on glycoproteins. Notably, cellular imaging and uptake experiments showed that the PBA complexes were able to recognize cellular sialic acid residues, resulting in more efficient uptake than the boronic acid-free analogs. Additionally, one of the PBA complexes was shown to discriminate between cancerous and noncancerous cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamorphosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the full length of a zinc finger gene rotund from Bombyx mori ( Bmrn), which contained a 1419 bp open reading frame, and encoded a 473 amino acid protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Bmrn was expressed at higher levels in the epidermis than in other tissues tested, and it showed a very high expression level during metamorphosis. Knock-down of Bmrn produced defects in the tarsus and pretarsus, including the fusion and reduction of tarsomeres, and the developmental arrest of pretarsus. Our data showed that Bmrn is involved in the formation of the tarsus and pretarsus, whereas its homologous gene in Drosophila has been shown to affect three tarsal segments (t2-t4), suggesting that the remodeling of the leg has involved changes in the patterning of gene regulation during evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination of pyridyl–tetrazine to a cationic iridium(iii) center affords a novel class of luminogenic bioorthogonal probes for biomolecular labeling and cellular imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we investigated the expression of cocoon protease inhibitors using immunoblotting and activity staining. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoon proteins in vitro was performed to characterize their roles in protecting the cocoon from microbial proteases. We found that some protease inhibitors, particularly trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL)-type protease inhibitors, can be secreted into the cocoon layer during the spinning process, thereby providing effective protection to the cocoon and pupa by inhibiting the extracellular proteases that can be secreted by pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a new class of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes functionalized with a nitrone group as phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes. These complexes were very weakly emissive owing to rapid C=N isomerization of the nitrone moiety, but exhibited significant emission enhancement upon strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reaction with bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)-modified substrates. The modification of nitrone with a dicationic ruthenium(II) polypyridine unit at the α- C-position and a phenyl ring at the N-position led to remarkably accelerated reaction kinetics, which are substantially greater (up to ≈278 fold) than those of other acyclic nitrone-BCN systems. Interestingly, the complexes achieved specific cell membrane/cytosol staining upon specific labeling of an exogenous substrate, BCN-modified decane (BCN-C10), in live cells. Importantly, the in situ generation of the more lipophilic isoxazoline adduct in the cytoplasm resulted in increased cytotoxicity, highlighting a novel approach to apply the SPANC labeling technique in drug activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel photoactivatable mitochondria-targeting luminescent iridium(iii) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) complexes incorporated with a nitrobenzyl group were designed. They showed minimal cytotoxic activity in the dark, but became significantly cytotoxic upon irradiation due to the release of the PEG pendants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of bioorthogonal probes that display fluorogenic or phosphorogenic properties is advantageous to the labeling and imaging of biomolecules in live cells and organisms. Herein we present the design of three iridium(III) complexes containing a nitrone moiety as novel phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes. These probes were non-emissive owing to isomerization of the C=N group but showed significant emission enhancement upon cycloaddition reaction with strained cyclooctynes. Interestingly, the connection of the nitrone ligand to the cationic iridium(III) center led to accelerated reaction kinetics. These nitrone complexes were also identified as phosphorogenic bioorthogonal labels and imaging reagents for cyclooctyne-modified proteins. These findings contribute to the development of phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes and imaging reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, characterization, photophysics, lipophilicity, and cellular properties of new phosphorescent ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes functionalized with a dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) or amine moiety [Ru(N^N)2(L)](PF6)2 are reported (L=4-(13- N-(3,4:7,8-dibenzocyclooctyne-5-oxycarbonyl) amino-4,7,10-trioxa-tridecanyl-aminocarbonyl-oxy-methyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine bpy-DIBO, N^N=2,2′-bipyridine bpy ( 1 a), 1,10-phenanthroline phen ( 2 a); L=4-(13-amino-4,7,10-trioxa-tridecanylaminocarbonyl-oxy-methyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine bpy-NH2, N^N=bpy ( 1 b), phen ( 2 b)). The strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction of the DIBO complexes 1 a and 2 a with benzyl azide were studied. Also, the DIBO complexes 1 a and 2 a can selectively label N-azidoglycans located on the surface of CHO-K1 and A549 cells that were pretreated with 1,3,4,6-tetra- O-acetyl- N-azidoacetyl- D-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz). Additionally, the intracellular trafficking and localization of these biomolecules were monitored using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Interestingly, the biolabeling and cellular uptake efficiency of the DIBO complexes 1 a and 2 a were cell-line dependent, as revealed by flow cytometry and ICP-MS. Furthermore, the complexes showed good biocompatibility toward the Ac4ManNAz-pretreated cells in the dark, but exhibited photoinduced cytotoxicity due to the generation of singlet oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new phosphorescent biscyclometallated iridium(iii) ethylenediamine (en) complexes functionalised with polar ester or carboxylate groups [Ir(N^C)2(en)]n(X) (n = +1, X = Cl−, HN^C = methyl 4-(2-pyridyl)benzoate Hppy-COOMe (1a), methyl 2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylate Hpq-COOMe (2a); n = −1, X = Li+, HN^C = 4-(2-pyridyl)benzoate Hppy-COO− (1b), 2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylate Hpq-COO− (2b)). In aqueous solutions, the carboxylate complexes 1b and 2b displayed emission quenching (ca. 7 and 74 fold, respectively) and lifetime shortening upon protonation, and their pKa values were determined to be 5.13 and 3.46, respectively. The pq complexes 2a and 2b exhibited hypsochromic shifts in their emission maxima and a significant increase in emission intensity (ca. 84 and 15 fold, respectively) upon nonspecific binding to the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) results revealed that the ester complexes 1a and 2a were efficiently internalised by the human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells through energy-requiring pathways and subsequently localised in endosomes and mitochondria, respectively. They showed good biocompatibility in the dark, but became significantly cytotoxic upon photoirradiation due to the generation of singlet oxygen. In contrast, in aqueous solutions of physiological pH, the carboxylate complexes 1b and 2b existed as the anionic form and hardly entered cells due to limited membrane permeability, as evidenced by the intense emission surrounding the plasma membrane of the cells. They showed negligible cytotoxicity and the cell viability remained over 95% for an incubation period of 24 hours. In view of the low cytotoxicity and strongly emissive nature of the hydrophilic ppy-COO− complex 1b in an aqueous medium, the potential application of the complex as a visualisation reagent has been demonstrated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes derived from mononuclear and binuclear rhenium(i) polypyridine complexes containing a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine moiety were designed; these complexes displayed substantial dienophile-induced emission enhancement, and accelerated reaction kinetics and could target a protein conjugate in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the development of a series of rhenium(I) polypyridine complexes appended with an electron-rich diaminoaromatic moiety as phosphorogenic sensors for nitric oxide (NO). The diamine complexes [Re(N^N)(CO)3(py-DA)][PF6] (py-DA=3-( N-(2-amino-5-methoxyphenyl)aminomethyl)pyridine; N^N=1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ( 1 a), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me4-phen) ( 2 a), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Ph2-phen) ( 3 a)) have been synthesized and characterized. In contrast to common rhenium(I) diimines, these diamine complexes were very weakly emissive due to quenching of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) emission by the diaminoaromatic moiety through photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Upon treatment with NO, the complexes were converted into the triazole derivatives [Re(N^N)(CO)3(py-triazole)][PF6] (py-triazole=3-((6-methoxybenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine; N^N=phen ( 1 b), Me4-phen ( 2 b), Ph2-phen ( 3 b)), resulting in significant emission enhancement ( I/ I0≈60). The diamine complexes exhibited high reaction selectivity to NO, and their emission intensity was found to be independent on pH. Also, these complexes were effectively internalized by HeLa cells and RAW264.7 macrophages with negligible cytotoxicity. Additionally, the use of complex 3 a as an intracellular phosphorogenic sensor for NO has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To summarize the clinical and imaging features of malignant tumors in parotid gland. METHODS: Four hundred and twelve cases were collected in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and department of otolaryngology head & neck surgery of general hospital of Chinese PLA and department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of first affiliated hospital of Dalian medical university. RESULTS: The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma in parotid gland. Of all the collected cases, 73.1% had certain symptoms or recent rapid growth, 58% had tough quality, 66.2% had poor mobility, 32.3% had unclear boundary and 36.8% had pain. Of all cases with imaging examination, 74.2% and 68.7% demonstrated irregular shapes in CT and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The accuracy was 83.7% and 91.8% for fine-needle aspiration cytology and frozen section examination in diagnosis, respectively. The accuracy was 79.4% for frozen section examination in diagnosis of highly malignant tumors in parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS: There are diverse pathological types of malignant tumors in parotid gland. The clinical and imaging features are helpful to diagnosis. The accuracy is high in diagnosis of malignant tumors in parotid gland by fine-needle aspiration cytology and frozen section examination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effect of the digital computer-assisted technique in orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Twelve patients from January 2008 to December 2011 with jaw malformation were treated in our department. With the help of CT and three-dimensional reconstruction technique, 12 patients underwent surgical treatment and the results were evaluated after surgery. RESULTS: Digital computer-assisted technique could clearly show the status of the jaw deformity and assist virtual surgery. After surgery all patients were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSIONS: Digital orthognathic surgery can improve the predictability of the surgical procedure, and to facilitate patients' communication, shorten operative time, and reduce patients' pain. Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7112124) and Beijing Science and Technology Project (D131100003013001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]