337 results on '"Henry CS"'
Search Results
2. Book reviews. Finding my way: a teen's guide to living with a parent who has experienced trauma.
- Author
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Henry CS and Biley FC
- Published
- 2009
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3. Family stressor events, family coping, and adolescent adaptation in farm and ranch families.
- Author
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Plunkett SW, Henry CS, and Knaub PK
- Abstract
Data from 77 adolescents in farm and ranch families were used to examine the relationship of demographic variables, family stressor events, and family coping strategies to adolescent adaptation. Results indicated that adolescent age and family transitions were positively related to individual stress. Males reported less family stress than did females. Seeking spiritual support was negatively related to family stress, while the perceived impact of the farm crisis was positively related to family stress. Family support was positively related, and family substance use issues were negatively related, to adolescent satisfaction with family life. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
4. Family characteristics and adolescent substance use.
- Author
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Stephenson AL and Henry CS
- Abstract
Using self-report questionnaire data from high school students (N = 253), the relation between adolescents' perceptions of family characteristics and adolescent substance use patterns were examined. Results indicated that adolescents' perception of maternal substance use, family hardiness, and age of the adolescent were significant predictors of adolescent substance use. Implications are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
5. Family system characteristics and parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent substance use.
- Author
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Anderson AR and Henry CS
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine adolescent perceptions of family system characteristics and parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent substance use. Self-report questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 489 high school students. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the research hypotheses. Results indicated that the frequency of parental substance use was positively related to adolescent substance use, while family bonding and parental support were negatively related. The results provide support for considering both family system characteristics and parenting behaviors in relation to adolescent substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
6. Fill, Fold, Photo: Preconcentration and Multiplex Detection of Trace Level Heavy Metals in Water.
- Author
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Aryal P, Boes J, Brack E, Alexander T, and Henry CS
- Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is an increasing global threat to human and environmental health, particularly in resource-limited areas. Traditional platforms for heavy metal detection are labor intensive and expensive and require lab facilities. While paper-based colorimetric sensors offer a simpler approach, their sensitivity limitations prevent them from meeting legislative requirements for many metals. Existing preconcentration systems, on the other hand, can achieve lower detection limits but typically focus on analyzing only one metal, making comprehensive monitoring difficult. We address these limitations by introducing a low-cost preconcentration system coupled with colorimetric analysis for the simultaneous detection of seven metal ions at low ppb levels without the need for external equipment outside a smartphone. The system achieved detection limits of 15 ppb (Ni(II)), 7 ppb (Cu(II)), 2 ppb (Fe(III)), 20 ppb (Cr(VI)), 13 ppb (Pb(II)), 26 ppb (Hg(II)), and 15 ppb (Mn(II)) with six out of seven limits of detection values falling well below EPA regulatory guidelines for drinking water. The user-friendly Fill, Fold, Photo approach eliminates complex pretreatment steps. Smartphone-based detection offers portable quantification within seconds. Employing masking strategies ensured higher selectivity for each assay on the card, while our packaging protocols enable system stability for over 4 weeks of study, facilitating mass production and deployment within a realistic time frame. To validate the sensor's performance in real-world scenarios, the sensor was tested with environmental water samples. The sensor demonstrated good recovery, ranging from 77% to 94% compared to the standard ICP-MS method. Furthermore, spike recovery analysis confirmed the sensor's accuracy, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 15%. This technology holds significant promise for future development as a convenient, portable solution for field-based monitoring of a broad spectrum of water contaminants, including pesticides, PFAS, fertilizers, and beyond.
- Published
- 2024
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7. Novel theranostic wounds dressing based on pH responsive alginate hydrogel/graphene oxide/levofloxacin modified silk.
- Author
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Punnoy P, Siripongpreda T, Henry CS, Rodthongkum N, and Potiyaraj P
- Subjects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Humans, Wound Healing drug effects, Theranostic Nanomedicine methods, Skin metabolism, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Animals, Graphite chemistry, Alginates chemistry, Hydrogels chemistry, Levofloxacin chemistry, Levofloxacin administration & dosage, Bandages, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Silk chemistry, Drug Liberation
- Abstract
Integrating pH sensor with controlled antibiotic release is fabricated on silk to create a theranostic wound dressing. Alginate (ALG) hydrogel and graphene oxide (GO) loaded with levofloxacin (LVX) and a pH indicator are applied to fabricate a pH-responsive theranostic wound dressing. The modified silk color changes from yellow to green in response to elevated skin pH, indicating the skin infection. The semi-quantitative analysis was conducted using ImageJ, revealing significant color changes across the wide range. At elevated pH levels, the ionization of the COOH bonds within ALG induces repulsion among the COO
- groups, thereby accelerating the release of the incorporated drug compared to release under lower pH. At an infected pH of 8, ALG hydrogel triggers LVX releasing up to 135.86 ± 0.3 µg, while at a normal pH of 7, theranostic silk releases 123.13 ± 0.26 µg. Incorporating GO onto silk fibers enhances LVX loading and sustains LVX release. Furthermore, these modified silks possess antimicrobial abilities without causing irritation or allergies on the human skin. This theranostic silks represents a major step forward in smart wound care, introducing a versatile platform of smart wound care., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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8. Diet outperforms microbial transplant to drive microbiome recovery post-antibiotics.
- Author
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Kennedy MS, Freiburger A, Cooper M, Beilsmith K, St George ML, Kalski M, Cham C, Guzzetta A, Ng SC, Chan FK, Rubin D, Henry CS, Bergelson J, and Chang EB
- Abstract
High-fat, low-fiber Western-style diets (WD) induce microbiome dysbiosis characterized by reduced taxonomic diversity and metabolic breadth, which in turn increases risk for a wide array of metabolic, immune and systemic pathologies. Recent work has established that WD can impair microbiome resilience to acute perturbations like antibiotic treatment, although we know little about the mechanism of impairment and the specific host consequences of prolonged post-antibiotic dysbiosis. Here, we characterize the trajectory by which the gut microbiome recovers its taxonomic and functional profile after antibiotic treatment in mice on regular chow (RC) and WD, and find that only mice on RC undergo a rapid successional process of recovery. Metabolic modeling indicates that RC diet promotes the development of syntrophic cross-feeding interactions, while on WD, a dominant taxon monopolizes readily available resources without releasing syntrophic byproducts. Intervention experiments reveal that an appropriate dietary resource environment is both necessary and sufficient for rapid and robust microbiome recovery, whereas microbial transplant is neither. Furthermore, prolonged post-antibiotic dysbiosis in mice on WD renders them susceptible to infection by the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Our data challenge widespread enthusiasm for fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a strategy to address dysbiosis and demonstrate that specific dietary interventions are, at minimum, an essential prerequisite for effective FMT, and may afford a safer, more natural, and less invasive alternative to FMT.
- Published
- 2024
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9. Size-Dependent Electrochemistry of Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes.
- Author
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Wirojsaengthong S, Chailapakul O, Tangkijvanich P, Henry CS, and Puthongkham P
- Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes have become popular for electrochemical sensor fabrication due to their simplicity for batch production without the use of reagents. The high surface area and favorable electrocatalytic properties also enable the design of small electrochemical devices while retaining the desired electrochemical performance. In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of LIG working electrode size, from 0.8 mm to 4.0 mm diameter, on their electrochemical properties, since it has been widely assumed that the electrochemistry of LIG electrodes is independent of size above the microelectrode size regime. The background and faradaic current from cyclic voltammetry (CV) of an outer-sphere redox probe [Ru(NH3)6]
3+ showed that smaller LIG electrodes had a higher electrode roughness factor and electroactive surface ratio than those of the larger electrodes. Moreover, CV of the surface-sensitive redox probes [Fe(CN)6]3- and dopamine revealed that smaller electrodes exhibited better electrocatalytic properties, with enhanced electron transfer kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the physical and chemical surface structure were different at the electrode center versus the edges, so the electrochemical properties of the smaller electrodes were improved by having rougher surface and more density of the graphitic edge planes, and more oxide-containing groups, leading to better electrochemistry. The difference could be explained by the different photothermal reaction time from the laser scribing process that causes different stable carbon morphology to form on the polymer surface. Our results give a new insight on relationships between surface structure and electrochemistry of LIG electrodes and are useful for designing miniaturized electrochemical devices., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.- Published
- 2024
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10. Converting From Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review of Its Advantages and Reasoning.
- Author
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Ravendran K, Elmoraly A, Kagiosi E, Henry CS, Joseph JM, and Kam C
- Abstract
Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis and asymptomatic impending biliary obstruction, which is typically carried out laparoscopically. However, difficult gallbladders, due to distorted anatomy or increased risk of bleeding, can necessitate conversion to open surgery. This systematic review evaluates the advantages, disadvantages, complications, and outcomes of laparoscopic versus converted open cholecystectomy. We screened articles published from 2011 to 2024 by utilizing advanced filters of PubMed, Cochrane, and Scholar databases. Exclusion criteria included non-English language articles, duplicates, and animal studies. After analyzing relevant articles, 31 articles were included in this study. The total number of participants who underwent laparoscopic procedures was 28,054, of which 5,847 were converted from laparoscopic to open procedures. Conversions were primarily due to bleeding, adhesions, and obscured anatomy, with bile leakage being the most common short-term complication. Converted cases showed higher rates of long-term complications, increased hospital stays, and higher morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains safe and effective, but identifying high-risk patients for conversion is important. Preoperative identification of high-risk patients and recognizing predictive factors for conversion can enhance surgical outcomes and cost-effectiveness. While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally preferred, timely conversion to open surgery is essential for patient safety., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Ravendran et al.)
- Published
- 2024
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11. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances.
- Author
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, and Crommelin DJA
- Subjects
- Humans, Excipients chemistry, Drug Compounding methods, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal chemistry, Protein Stability, Proteins chemistry, Drug Stability
- Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.', (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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12. Peptide nucleic acid probe-assisted paper-based electrochemical biosensor for multiplexed detection of respiratory viruses.
- Author
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Lomae A, Teekayupak K, Preechakasedkit P, Pasomsub E, Ozer T, Henry CS, Citterio D, Vilaivan T, Chailapakul O, and Ruecha N
- Subjects
- Humans, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 virology, RNA, Viral analysis, RNA, Viral genetics, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections virology, Limit of Detection, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human virology, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses isolation & purification, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses genetics, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human isolation & purification, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human genetics, Biosensing Techniques methods, Paper, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Electrochemical Techniques methods, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Peptide Nucleic Acids chemistry
- Abstract
The similar transmission patterns and early symptoms of respiratory viral infections, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza (H1N1), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pose substantial challenges in the diagnosis, therapeutic management, and handling of these infectious diseases. Multiplexed point-of-care testing for detection is urgently needed for prompt and efficient disease management. Here, we introduce an electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) platform for multiplexed and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2, H1N1, and RSV infection using immobilized pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid probes. Hybridization between the probes and viral nucleic acid targets causes changes in the electrochemical response. The resulting sensor offers high sensitivity and low detection limits of 0.12, 0.35, and 0.36 pM for SARS-CoV-2 (N gene), H1N1, and RSV, respectively, without showing any cross-reactivities. The amplification-free detection of extracted RNA from 42 nasopharyngeal swab samples was successfully demonstrated and validated against reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (range of cycle threshold values: 17.43-25.89). The proposed platform showed excellent clinical sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (≥97 %) to achieve excellent agreement (κ ≥ 0.914) with the standard assay, thereby demonstrating its applicability for the screening and diagnosis of these respiratory diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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13. Non-invasive iron deficiency diagnosis: a saliva-based approach using capillary flow microfluidics.
- Author
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Prakobdi C, Baldo TA, Aryal P, Link J, Saetear P, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Limit of Detection, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques methods, Collodion chemistry, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Saliva chemistry, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency diagnosis, Iron analysis
- Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a condition characterized by lower-than-average iron (Fe) levels in the body, affecting a substantial number of young children and pregnant women globally. Existing diagnostic methods for IDA rely on invasive analysis of stored Fe in ferritin from blood samples, posing challenges, especially for toddlers and young children. To address this issue, saliva has been proposed as a non-invasive sample matrix for IDA diagnosis. However, conventional Fe analysis techniques often necessitate complex and costly instrumentation. This study presents the first non-invasive, saliva-based preliminary screening test for IDA using a nitrocellulose lateral flow system. In this study, we introduce a novel approach using the ferroin reaction with bathophenanthroline (Bphen) and ferrous (Fe
2+ ) ions to quantify Fe levels in saliva. Our methodology involves a capillary flow-driven microfluidic device integrated into a lateral flow system utilizing nitrocellulose membranes. Here, we present the first instance of saliva on a nitrocellulose substrate to detect salivary Fe levels. The optimized system yielded a linear response over the 1-200 ppm range in buffer solution, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 5.6 ppm. Furthermore, the system demonstrated a linear response in pooled saliva samples across the 1-1000 ppm range, with a LoD of 55.1 ppm. These results underscore the potential of our capillary flow-driven microfluidic device as a viable non-invasive diagnostic tool for IDA, particularly in remote and resource-limited settings.- Published
- 2024
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14. Improving design features and air bubble manipulation techniques for a single-step sandwich electrochemical ELISA incorporating commercial electrodes into capillary-flow driven immunoassay devices.
- Author
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Kaewarsa P, Schenkel MS, Rahn KL, Laiwattanapaisal W, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Immunoassay methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microfluidics, Electrodes, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Biosensing Techniques
- Abstract
Integrating electrochemistry into capillary-flow driven immunoassay devices provides unique opportunities for quantitative point-of-care testing. Although custom electrodes can be inexpensive and are tunable, they require skilled fabrication. Here, we report the incorporation of a commercial electrode into a capillary-flow driven immunoassay (iceCaDI) device for a single end-user step sandwich electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The iceCaDI device is a pump-free portable microfluidic device with an integrated commercial screen-printed electrode and flow driven by capillary action. The iceCaDI device is composed of alternating polyester transparency film and double-sided adhesive film layers that are patterned with a laser cutter. This platform was designed to address known limitations of laminated device fabrication methods and operation. First, we developed a foldable laminated device fabrication using hinges for easy assembly and precise alignment. Second, reagent dispersing was achieved by incorporating a 1 mm wide arrow-shaped notch in the middle of the channel that trapped an air bubble and formed a baffle that facilitated reagent spreading to cover the detection area. Third, small vent holes were added to the top layer of the channels to prevent air bubbles from blocking flow. Finally, we fabricated a CRP immunosensor with a detection range of 0.625 to 10.0 μg mL
-1 as a proof-of-concept to demonstrate an automatically driven sandwich electrochemical ELISA using the iceCaDI device. Three concentrations of CRP were successfully measured under flow conditions within 8 min. Our proposed device is a promising approach and a step forward in the development of point-of-care (POC) devices for techniques that traditionally require multiple user steps.- Published
- 2024
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15. Multiplexed Capillary-Flow Driven Immunoassay for Respiratory Illnesses.
- Author
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Link JS, O'Donnell-Sloan J, Curdts S, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunoassay methods, SARS-CoV-2, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Biomarkers analysis, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Hemagglutinins, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
- Abstract
Multiplexed analysis in medical diagnostics is widely accepted as a more thorough and complete method compared to single-analyte detection. While analytical methods like polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exist for multiplexed detection of biomarkers, they remain time-consuming and expensive. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are an attractive option for point-of-care testing, and examples of multiplexed LFAs exist. However, these devices are limited by spatial resolution of test lines, large sample volume requirements, cross-reactivity, and poor sensitivity. Recent work has developed capillary-flow microfluidic ELISA platforms as a more sensitive alternative to LFAs; however, multiplexed detection on these types of devices has yet to be demonstrated. In the aftermath of the initial SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the need for rapid, sensitive point-of-care devices has become ever clearer. Moving forward, devices that can distinguish between diseases with similar presenting symptoms would be the ideal home diagnostic. Here, the first example of a multiplexed capillary-flow immunoassay device for the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is reported. From a single sample addition step, the reagents and washing steps required for two simultaneous ELISAs are delivered to spatially separated test strips. Visual results can be obtained in <15 min, and images captured with a smartphone can be analyzed for quantitative data. This device was used to distinguish between and quantify H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein). Using this device, analytical detection limits of 840 and 133 pg/mL were obtained for hemagglutinin and nucleocapsid protein, respectively. The presence of one target in the device did not increase the signal on the other test line, indicating no cross-reactivity between the assays. Additionally, simultaneous detection of both N-protein and HA was performed as well as simultaneous detection of N-protein and human C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevated levels of CRP in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with more severe outcomes and a greater risk of death as well. To further expand on the simultaneous detection of two biomarkers, CRP and N-protein were detected simultaneously, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein did not interfere with the detection of CRP when both targets were present in the sample.
- Published
- 2024
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16. Microfluidics in environmental analysis: advancements, challenges, and future prospects for rapid and efficient monitoring.
- Author
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Aryal P, Hefner C, Martinez B, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring methods, Colorimetry, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Microfluidics, Pesticides
- Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as advantageous tools for detecting environmental contaminants due to their portability, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response capabilities. These devices have wide-ranging applications in environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil matrices, and have also been applied to agricultural monitoring. Although several previous reviews have explored microfluidic devices' utility, this paper presents an up-to-date account of the latest advancements in this field for environmental monitoring, looking back at the past five years. In this review, we discuss devices for prominent contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, microorganisms, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), etc. We cover numerous detection methods (electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, etc. ) and critically assess the current state of microfluidic devices for environmental monitoring, highlighting both their successes and limitations. Moreover, we propose potential strategies to mitigate these limitations and offer valuable insights into future research and development directions.
- Published
- 2024
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17. Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Quantification of Galectin-3 in Saliva.
- Author
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Pittman TW, Zhang X, Punyadeera C, and Henry CS
- Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an emerging epidemic and remains a major clinical and public health problem. Advances in the healthcare management of HF may lead to lower morbidity and mortality rates but require diagnostics to guide the process. Current diagnostics/prognostics approaches rely on expensive equipment, centralized facilities and trained personnel, marginalizing healthcare access in developing countries and rural communities. These issues have led researchers to focus on developing portable and affordable diagnostics that can be deployed at the point-of-care (POC). Typically, HF biomarkers are measured in blood not saliva. Recently, our team correlated concentrations of salivary Galectin-3 (Gal-3) to outcomes in patients with HF. We have developed an analytical device which consists of an immunoassay based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to quantify Gal-3 levels in saliva samples. Using 10 μL of saliva, the proposed electrochemical immunoassay achieved a concentration dependent signal response in the clinically relevant range with a limit of detection of 9.66 ng/mL. In addition, the storage stability of the modified electrode was investigated, and only a 10.9% loss in current response over a 35-day period. The results of the immunoassay on the modified SPCEs suggest validity as a POC biosensor system for the management of HF., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests.
- Published
- 2024
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18. Recent Trends in Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensors for Drug Detection: Considering Green Assessment.
- Author
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Ozer T and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents analysis, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Green Chemistry Technology, Biosensing Techniques, Anti-Inflammatory Agents analysis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents analysis, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Electrochemical Techniques, Nanostructures chemistry
- Abstract
An individual's therapeutic drug exposure level is directly linked to corresponding clinical effects. Rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, portable and reliable devices are needed for diagnosis related to drug exposure, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. Electrochemical sensors are useful for drug monitoring due to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Also, they can be combined with portable signal read-out devices for point-of-care applications. In recent years, nanomaterials such as carbon-based, carbon-metal nanocomposites, noble nanomaterials have been widely used to modify electrode surfaces due to their outstanding features including catalytic abilities, conductivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility for development of electrochemical sensors. This review paper presents the most recent advances about nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors including the use of green assessment approach for detection of drugs including anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotics covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The sensor characteristics such as analyte interactions, fabrication, sensitivity, and selectivity are also discussed. In addition, the current challenges and potential future directions of the field are highlighted., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics.
- Author
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, and Manning MC
- Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. Surface Modification of Thermoplastic Electrodes for Biosensing Applications via Copper-Catalyzed Click Chemistry.
- Author
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Martinez B, Leroux YR, Hapiot P, and Henry CS
- Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), also known as click chemistry, has been demonstrated to be highly robust while providing versatile surface chemistry. One specific application is biosensor fabrication. Recently, we developed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) as an alternative to traditional carbon composite electrodes in terms of cost, performance, and robustness. However, their applications in biosensing are currently limited due to a lack of facile methods for electrode modification. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using CuAAC following the diazonium grafting of TPEs to take advantage of two powerful technologies for developing a customizable and versatile biosensing platform. After a stepwise characterization of the electrode modification procedures was performed, electrodes were modified with model affinity reagents. Streptavidin and streptavidin-conjugated IgG antibodies were successfully immobilized on the TPE surface, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2023
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21. Capillary flow-driven immunoassay platform for COVID-19 antigen diagnostics.
- Author
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Link JS, Carrell CS, Jang I, Barstis EJO, Call ZD, Bellows RA, O'Donnell-Sloan JJ, Terry JS, Anderson LBR, Panraksa Y, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Immunoassay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Antibodies, COVID-19 Testing, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
Over the last few years, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made the need for rapid, affordable diagnostics more compelling than ever. While traditional laboratory diagnostics like PCR and well-plate ELISA are sensitive and specific, they can be costly and take hours to complete. Diagnostic tests that can be used at the point-of-care or at home, like lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a simple, rapid alternative, but many commercially available LFAs have been criticized for their lack of sensitivity compared to laboratory methods like well-plate ELISAs. The Capillary-Driven Immunoassay (CaDI) device described in this work uses microfluidic channels and capillary action to passively automate the steps of a traditional well-plate ELISA for visual read out. This work builds on prior capillary-flow devices by further simplifying operation and use of colorimetric detection. Upon adding sample, an enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody, wash steps, and substrate are sequentially delivered to test and control lines on a nitrocellulose strip generating a colorimetric response. The end user can visually detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen in 15-20 min by naked eye, or results can be quantified using a smartphone and software such as ImageJ. An analytical detection limit of 83 PFU/mL for SARS-CoV-2 was determined for virus in buffer, and 222 PFU/mL for virus spiked into nasal swabs using image analysis, similar to the LODs determined by traditional well-plate ELISA. Additionally, a visual detection limit of 100 PFU/mL was determined in contrived nasal swab samples by polling 20 untrained end-users. While the CaDI device was used for detecting clinically relevant levels of SARS-CoV-2 in this study, the CaDI device can be easily adapted to other immunoassay applications by changing the reagents and antibodies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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22. Fast and easy synthesis of silver, copper, and bimetallic nanoparticles on cellulose paper assisted by ultrasound.
- Author
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Araya-Hermosilla R, Martínez J, Loyola CZ, Ramírez S, Salazar S, Henry CS, Lavín R, and Silva N
- Abstract
This work focuses on a systematic method to produce Ag, Cu, and Ag/Cu metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in situ assisted with ultrasound on cellulose paper. By tuning the concentration of AgNO
3 and CuSO4 salt precursors and ultrasound time, combined with a fixed concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent, it was possible to control the size, morphology, and polydispersity of the resulting MNPs on cellulose papers. Notably, high yield and low polydispersity of MNPs and bimetallic nanoparticles are achieved by increasing the sonication time on paper samples pre-treated with salt precursors before reduction with AA. Moreover, mechanical analysis on paper samples presenting well-dispersed and distributed MNPs showed slightly decreasing values of Young's modulus compared to neat papers. The strain at break is substantially improved in papers containing solely Ag or Cu MNPs. The latter suggests that the elastic/plastic transition and deformation of papers are tuned by cellulose and MNPs interfacial interaction, as indicated by mechanical analysis. The proposed method provides insights into each factor affecting the sonochemistry in situ synthesis of MNPs on cellulose papers. In addition, it offers a straightforward alternative to scale up the production of MNPs on paper, ensuring an eco-friendly method., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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23. Microfluidic organotypic device to test intestinal mucosal barrier permeability ex vivo .
- Author
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Cherwin AE, Templeton HN, Ehrlich AT, Patlin BH, Henry CS, and Tobet SA
- Subjects
- Extracellular Matrix, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Permeability, Microfluidics, Collagen Type I
- Abstract
To protect the body from external pathogens, the intestines have sophisticated epithelial and mucosal barriers. Disruptions to barrier integrity are associated with a variety of disorders such as irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. One critical component of all barriers are collagens in the extracellular matrix. While the importance of the intestinal barrier is established, current models lack the ability to represent the complex biology that occurs at these barriers. For the current study a microfluidic device model was modified to determine the effectiveness of collagen breakdown to cause barrier disruption. Bacterial collagenase was added for 48 h to the luminal channel of a dual flow microfluidic device to examine changes in intestinal barrier integrity. Tissues exhibited dose-dependent alterations in immunoreactive collagen-1 and claudin-1, and coincident disruption of the epithelial monolayer barrier as indicated by goblet cell morphologies. This ex vivo model system offers promise for further studies exploring factors that affect gut barrier integrity and potential downstream consequences that cannot be studied in current models.
- Published
- 2023
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24. Characterization of Factors Affecting Stripping Voltammetry on Thermoplastic Electrodes.
- Author
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McMahon CJ, Martinez B, and Henry CS
- Abstract
Thermoplastic carbon electrodes (TPEs) are an alternative form of carbon composite electrodes that have shown excellent electrochemical performance with applications in biological sensing. However, little has been done to apply TPEs to environmental sensing, specifically heavy metal analysis. The work here focuses on lead analysis and based on their electrochemical properties, TPEs are expected to outperform other carbon composite materials; however, despite testing multiple formulations, TPEs showed inferior performance. Detailed electrode characterization was conducted to examine the cause for poor lead sensing behavior. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surface functional groups, indicating that acidic and alkaline functional groups impact lead electrodeposition. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterization demonstrated that both the binder and graphite can influence the surface morphology, electroactive area, and electron kinetics.
- Published
- 2023
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25. Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of 7,302 human microorganisms for personalized medicine.
- Author
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Heinken A, Hertel J, Acharya G, Ravcheev DA, Nyga M, Okpala OE, Hogan M, Magnúsdóttir S, Martinelli F, Nap B, Preciat G, Edirisinghe JN, Henry CS, Fleming RMT, and Thiele I
- Subjects
- Humans, Precision Medicine, Genome, Genomics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Microbiota
- Abstract
The human microbiome influences the efficacy and safety of a wide variety of commonly prescribed drugs. Designing precision medicine approaches that incorporate microbial metabolism would require strain- and molecule-resolved, scalable computational modeling. Here, we extend our previous resource of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of human gut microorganisms with a greatly expanded version. AGORA2 (assembly of gut organisms through reconstruction and analysis, version 2) accounts for 7,302 strains, includes strain-resolved drug degradation and biotransformation capabilities for 98 drugs, and was extensively curated based on comparative genomics and literature searches. The microbial reconstructions performed very well against three independently assembled experimental datasets with an accuracy of 0.72 to 0.84, surpassing other reconstruction resources and predicted known microbial drug transformations with an accuracy of 0.81. We demonstrate that AGORA2 enables personalized, strain-resolved modeling by predicting the drug conversion potential of the gut microbiomes from 616 patients with colorectal cancer and controls, which greatly varied between individuals and correlated with age, sex, body mass index and disease stages. AGORA2 serves as a knowledge base for the human microbiome and paves the way to personalized, predictive analysis of host-microbiome metabolic interactions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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26. TranSyT, an innovative framework for identifying transport systems.
- Author
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Cunha E, Lagoa D, Faria JP, Liu F, Henry CS, and Dias O
- Subjects
- Databases, Factual, Software
- Abstract
Motivation: The importance and rate of development of genome-scale metabolic models have been growing for the last few years, increasing the demand for software solutions that automate several steps of this process. However, since TRIAGE's release, software development for the automatic integration of transport reactions into models has stalled., Results: Here, we present the Transport Systems Tracker (TranSyT). Unlike other transport systems annotation software, TranSyT does not rely on manual curation to expand its internal database, which is derived from highly curated records retrieved from the Transporters Classification Database and complemented with information from other data sources. TranSyT compiles information regarding transporter families and proteins, and derives reactions into its internal database, making it available for rapid annotation of complete genomes. All transport reactions have GPR associations and can be exported with identifiers from four different metabolite databases. TranSyT is currently available as a plugin for merlin v4.0 and an app for KBase., Availability and Implementation: TranSyT web service: https://transyt.bio.di.uminho.pt/; GitHub for the tool: https://github.com/BioSystemsUM/transyt; GitHub with examples and instructions to run TranSyT: https://github.com/ecunha1996/transyt_paper., (Published by Oxford University Press 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
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27. A functional microbiome catalog crowdsourced from North American rivers.
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Borton MA, McGivern BB, Willi KR, Woodcroft BJ, Mosier AC, Singleton DM, Bambakidis T, Pelly A, Liu F, Edirisinghe JN, Faria JP, Leleiwi I, Daly RA, Goldman AE, Wilkins MJ, Hall EK, Pennacchio C, Roux S, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Good SP, Sullivan MB, Henry CS, Wood-Charlson EM, Ross MRV, Miller CS, Crump BC, Stegen JC, and Wrighton KC
- Abstract
Predicting elemental cycles and maintaining water quality under increasing anthropogenic influence requires understanding the spatial drivers of river microbiomes. However, the unifying microbial processes governing river biogeochemistry are hindered by a lack of genome-resolved functional insights and sampling across multiple rivers. Here we employed a community science effort to accelerate the sampling, sequencing, and genome-resolved analyses of river microbiomes to create the Genome Resolved Open Watersheds database (GROWdb). This resource profiled the identity, distribution, function, and expression of thousands of microbial genomes across rivers covering 90% of United States watersheds. Specifically, GROWdb encompasses 1,469 microbial species from 27 phyla, including novel lineages from 10 families and 128 genera, and defines the core river microbiome for the first time at genome level. GROWdb analyses coupled to extensive geospatial information revealed local and regional drivers of microbial community structuring, while also presenting a myriad of foundational hypotheses about ecosystem function. Building upon the previously conceived River Continuum Concept
1 , we layer on microbial functional trait expression, which suggests the structure and function of river microbiomes is predictable. We make GROWdb available through various collaborative cyberinfrastructures2, 3 so that it can be widely accessed across disciplines for watershed predictive modeling and microbiome-based management practices.- Published
- 2023
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28. Why fake death? Environmental and genetic control of tonic immobility in larval lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
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Taylor KL, Henry CS, and Farkas TE
- Subjects
- Animals, Larva genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Predatory Behavior, Insecta physiology, Holometabola
- Abstract
Tonic immobility is a passive antipredator strategy employed late in the predation sequence that may decrease individual mortality in prey animals. Here, we investigate how energetic state and genetic predisposition influence antipredator decision-making in green lacewing larvae, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch), using simulated predatory encounters. We demonstrate that tonic immobility is a plastic response influenced by energetic resource limitation. Larvae exposed to 1 or 2 days of food deprivation initiate tonic immobility more often and with less physical provocation than individuals fed ad libitum. Recently molted individuals exposed to food deprivation, the individuals most energetically challenged, engage in tonic immobility at a higher rate than any other group. We also find that variation in antipredator strategy between individuals is partly the result of within-population genetic variation. We estimate the propensity to enter tonic immobility to have a broad-sense heritability of 0.502. Taken together our results suggest that larval lacewings under energetic stress are more likely to engage in tonic immobility. Yet, energetic state does not explain all within-population variation, as individuals can have a genetic predisposition for tonic immobility., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2023
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29. Capillary driven microfluidic sequential flow device for point-of-need ELISA: COVID-19 serology testing.
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Carrell C, Jang I, Link J, Terry JS, Call Z, Panraksa Y, Chailapakul O, Dandy DS, Geiss BJ, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Microfluidics, Reproducibility of Results, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Antibodies, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
A capillary-driven microfluidic sequential flow device, designed for eventual at-home or doctor's office use, was developed to perform an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serology assays. Serology assays that detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be used to determine prior infection, immunity status, and/or individual vaccination status and are typically run using well-plate ELISAs in centralized laboratories, but in this format SARs-CoV-2 serology tests are too expensive and/or slow for most situations. Instead, a point-of-need device that can be used at home or in doctor's offices for COVID-19 serology testing would provide critical information for managing infections and determining immune status. Lateral flow assays are common and easy to use, but lack the sensitivity needed to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in clinical samples. This work describes a microfluidic sequential flow device that is as simple to use as a lateral flow assay, but as sensitive as a well-plate ELISA through sequential delivery of reagents to the detection area using only capillary flow. The device utilizes a network of microfluidic channels made of transparency film and double-sided adhesive combined with paper pumps to drive flow. The geometry of the channels and storage pads enables automated sequential washing and reagent addition steps with two simple end-user steps. An enzyme label and colorimetric substrate produce an amplified, visible signal for increased sensitivity, while the integrated washing steps decrease false positives and increase reproducibility. Naked-eye detection can be used for qualitative results or a smartphone camera for quantitative analysis. The device detected antibodies at 2.8 ng mL
-1 from whole blood, while a well-plate ELISA using the same capture and detection antibodies could detect 1.2 ng mL-1 . The performance of the capillary-driven immunoassay (CaDI) system developed here was confirmed by demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, and we believe that the device represents a fundamental step forward in equipment-free point-of-care technology.- Published
- 2023
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30. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for simultaneous detection of oxidative potential and copper in aerosol samples.
- Author
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Mettakoonpitak J, Sawatdichai N, Thepnuan D, Siripinyanond A, Henry CS, and Chantara S
- Subjects
- Reactive Oxygen Species, Particulate Matter, Aerosols, Oxidative Stress, Copper, Microfluidics
- Abstract
The potential reach of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics into daily routines for exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cu in aerosolized particulate matter (PM) demands that microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) take into consideration the simple detection of these toxic PM components. Here, we propose μPADs with a dual-detection system for simultaneous ROS and Cu(II) detection. For colorimetric ROS detection, the glutathione (GSH) assay with a folding design to delay the reaction yielded complete ROS and GSH oxidation, and improved homogeneity of color development relative to using the lateral flow pattern. For electrochemical Cu(II) determination, 1,10-phenanthroline/Nafion modified graphene screen-printed electrodes showed ability to detect Cu(II) down to pg level being low enough to be applied to PM analysis. No intra- and inter-interference affecting both systems were found. The proposed μPADs obtained LODs for 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), used as the ROS representative, and Cu(II) of 8.3 ng and 3.6 pg, respectively and linear working ranges of 20 to 500 ng for ROS and 1 × 10
-2 to 2 × 102 ng for Cu(II). Recovery of the method was between 81.4 and 108.3% for ROS and 80.5-105.3% for Cu(II). Finally, the sensors were utilized for simultaneous ROS and Cu(II) determination in PM samples and the results statistically agreed with those using the conventional methods at 95% confidence., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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31. Large-scale fabrication of ion-selective electrodes for simultaneous detection of Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ in biofluids using a smartphone-based potentiometric sensing platform.
- Author
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Teekayupak K, Lomae A, Agir I, Chuaypen N, Dissayabutra T, Henry CS, Chailapakul O, Ozer T, and Ruecha N
- Subjects
- Ion-Selective Electrodes, Smartphone, Ions, Nanotubes, Carbon, Body Fluids
- Abstract
A significant bottleneck exists for mass-production of ion-selective electrodes despite recent developments in manufacturing technologies. Here, we present a fully-automated system for large-scale production of ISEs. Three materials, including polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, were used as substrates for fabricating ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) using stencil printing, screen-printing and laser engraving, respectively. We compared sensitivities of the ISEs to determine the best material for the fabrication process of the ISEs. The electrode surfaces were modified with various carbon nanomaterials including multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and their mixed suspensions as the intermediate layer to enhance sensitivities of the electrodes. An automated 3D-printed robot was used for the drop-cast procedure during ISE fabrication to eliminate manual steps. The sensor array was optimized, and the detection limits were 10
-5 M, 10-5 M and 10-4 M for detection of K+ , Na+ and Ca2+ ions, respectively. The sensor array integrated with a portable wireless potentiometer was used to detect K+ , Na+ and Ca2+ in real urine and simulated sweat samples and results obtained were in agreement with ICP-OES with good recoveries. The developed sensing platform offers low-cost detection of electrolytes for point-of-care applications., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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32. Capillary Flow-Driven Microfluidics Combined with a Paper Device for Fast User-Friendly Detection of Heavy Metals in Water.
- Author
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Aryal P, Brack E, Alexander T, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Water, Ecosystem, Ferric Compounds, Paper, Microfluidics, Metals, Heavy analysis
- Abstract
Human exposure to heavy metals is a concerning global problem because of its detrimental effect on our health and ecosystem. Assessing the levels of these metals is cost- and labor-intensive and nonuser friendly because current analysis approaches typically rely on heavy instrumentations like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, which is only possible in centralized labs. Hence, simple economical detection methods are in high demand in developing countries and areas with insufficient infrastructure, professional experts, and appropriate environmental treatment. Several microfluidic paper-based analytical devices have been reported as promising alternatives to conventional testing methods for on-site heavy metal detection. Paper-based microfluidics are advantageous because of their simple fabrication, biodegradability, low cost, and ability to operate without pumps. However, typical assay times for current platforms are slow, and they typically rely on pipetting a fixed volume into the assay cards. This adds complexity in actual field scenarios. Here, we report a novel, inexpensive, and straightforward capillary-driven microfluidic device combined with paper for rapid and user-friendly detection of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) in water. A colorimetric approach was adopted to quantify these metals. The device was able to produce a homogeneous color signal within 8 s of sample insertion. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated to be 2 and 6.67 ppm for nickel, 0.3 and 1 ppm for Cu, and 1.1 and 3.67 ppm for Fe, respectively. The majority (>90%) of the collected samples showed recovery in the 80-110% range with acceptable accuracy and precision (<15% RSD) for a colorimetric device. This technique can be beneficial for rapidly assessing heavy metal exposure in drinking and surface water at drastically reduced assay time and is the first example of capillary flow-driven microfluidic devices as a transport medium for heavy metal detection.
- Published
- 2023
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33. Respiratory energy demands and scope for demand expansion and destruction.
- Author
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Bathe U, Leong BJ, Van Gelder K, Barbier GG, Henry CS, Amthor JS, and Hanson AD
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
- Published
- 2023
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34. kb_DRAM: annotation and metabolic profiling of genomes with DRAM in KBase.
- Author
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Shaffer M, Borton MA, Bolduc B, Faria JP, Flynn RM, Ghadermazi P, Edirisinghe JN, Wood-Charlson EM, Miller CS, Chan SHJ, Sullivan MB, Henry CS, and Wrighton KC
- Subjects
- Molecular Sequence Annotation, Archaea genetics, Metabolomics, Software, Bacteria genetics
- Abstract
Microbial genome annotation is the process of identifying structural and functional elements in DNA sequences and subsequently attaching biological information to those elements. DRAM is a tool developed to annotate bacterial, archaeal, and viral genomes derived from pure cultures or metagenomes. DRAM goes beyond traditional annotation tools by distilling multiple gene annotations to genome level summaries of functional potential. Despite these benefits, a downside of DRAM is the requirement of large computational resources, which limits its accessibility. Further, it did not integrate with downstream metabolic modeling tools that require genome annotation. To alleviate these constraints, DRAM and the viral counterpart, DRAM-v, are now available and integrated with the freely accessible KBase cyberinfrastructure. With kb_DRAM users can generate DRAM annotations and functional summaries from microbial or viral genomes in a point-and-click interface, as well as generate genome-scale metabolic models from DRAM annotations., Availability and Implementation: For kb_DRAM users, the kb_DRAM apps on KBase can be found in the catalog at https://narrative.kbase.us/#catalog/modules/kb_DRAM. For kb_DRAM users, a tutorial workflow with all documentation is available at https://narrative.kbase.us/narrative/129480. For kb_DRAM developers, software is available at https://github.com/shafferm/kb_DRAM., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2023
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35. Genomic regions underlying the species-specific mating songs of green lacewings.
- Author
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Taylor KL, Wade EJ, Wells MM, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Animals, Reproduction, Insecta genetics, Genomics
- Abstract
Rapid species radiations provide insight into the process of speciation and diversification. The radiation of Chrysoperla carnea-group lacewings seems to be driven, at least in part, by their species-specific pre-mating vibrational duets. We associated genetic markers from across the genome with courtship song period in the offspring of a laboratory cross between Chrysoperla plorabunda and Chrysoperla adamsi, two species primarily differentiated by their mating songs. Two genomic regions were strongly associated with the song period phenotype. Large regions of chromosomes one and two were associated with song phenotype, as fewer recombination events occurred on these chromosomes relative to the other autosomes. Candidate genes were identified by functional annotation of proteins from the C. carnea reference genome. The majority of genes that are associated with vibrational courtship signals in other insects were found within QTL for lacewing song phenotype. Together these findings suggest that decreased recombination may be acting to keep together loci important to reproductive isolation between these species. Using wild-caught individuals from both species, we identified signals of genomic divergence across the genome. We identified several candidate genes both in song-associated regions and near divergence outliers including nonA, fruitless, paralytic, period, and doublesex. Together these findings bring us one step closer to identifying the genomic basis of a mating song trait critical to the maintenance of species boundaries in green lacewings., (© 2022 The Authors. Insect Molecular Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Portable smartphone integrated 3D-Printed electrochemical sensor for nonenzymatic determination of creatinine in human urine.
- Author
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Teekayupak K, Aumnate C, Lomae A, Preechakasedkit P, Henry CS, Chailapakul O, and Ruecha N
- Subjects
- Humans, Creatinine chemistry, Limit of Detection, Smartphone, Electrochemical Techniques, Electrodes, Graphite chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry
- Abstract
3D printing technologies are an attractive for fabricating electrochemical sensors due to their ease of operation, freedom of design, fast prototyping, low waste, and low cost. We report the fabrication of a simple 3D-printed electrochemical sensing device for non-enzymatic detection of creatinine, an important indicator of renal function. To create the 3D-printed electrodes (3DE), carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) composite filament was used. The 3DE was activated using 0.5 M NaOH via amperometry prior to use to improve electrochemical performance. To give selectivity for creatinine, the activated 3DE was modified with a copper oxide nanoparticle-ionic liquid/reduced graphene oxide (CuO-IL/rGO) composite. The modified 3DE was characterized using microscopy and electrochemistry. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to evaluate sensor performance. The modified 3DE provided electrocatalytic activity towards creatinine without enzymes. Under optimal conditions, the modified 3DE directly coupled with a portable smartphone potentiostat exhibited the linear detection range of 0.5-35.0 mM, and the limit of detection was 37.3 μM, which is sufficient for detecting creatinine in human urine samples. Furthermore, the other physiological compounds present in human urine were not detected on the modified 3DE. Therefore, the modified 3DE could be a tool for effective creatinine screening in the urine., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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37. Label free electrochemical DNA biosensor for COVID-19 diagnosis.
- Author
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Lomae A, Preechakasedkit P, Hanpanich O, Ozer T, Henry CS, Maruyama A, Pasomsub E, Phuphuakrat A, Rengpipat S, Vilaivan T, Chailapakul O, Ruecha N, and Ngamrojanavanich N
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemics, DNA, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the development of the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools because they can serve as useful tools for detecting and controlling spread of the disease. Most current methods require sophisticated laboratory instruments and specialists to provide reliable, cost-effective, specific, and sensitive POC testing for COVID-19 diagnosis. Here, a smartphone-assisted Sensit Smart potentiostat (PalmSens) was integrated with a paper-based electrochemical sensor to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A disposable paper-based device was fabricated, and the working electrode directly modified with a pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcPNA) as the biological recognition element to capture the target complementary DNA (cDNA). In the presence of the target cDNA, hybridization with acpcPNA probe blocks the redox conversion of a redox reporter, leading to a decrease in electrochemical response correlating to SARS-CoV-2 concentration. Under optimal conditions, a linear range from 0.1 to 200 nM and a detection limit of 1.0 pM were obtained. The PNA-based electrochemical paper-based analytical device (PNA-based ePAD) offers high specificity toward SARS-CoV-2 N gene because of the highly selective PNA-DNA binding. The developed sensor was used for amplification-free SARS-CoV-2 detection in 10 nasopharyngeal swab samples (7 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 3 SARS-CoV-2 negative), giving a 100% agreement result with RT-PCR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Publisher Correction: Metagenome-assembled genome extraction and analysis from microbiomes using KBase.
- Author
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Chivian D, Jungbluth SP, Dehal PS, Wood-Charlson EM, Canon RS, Allen BH, Clark MM, Gu T, Land ML, Price GA, Riehl WJ, Sneddon MW, Sutormin R, Zhang Q, Cottingham RW, Henry CS, and Arkin AP
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Saliva-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic.
- Author
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Pittman TW, Decsi DB, Punyadeera C, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Humans, Saliva chemistry, Point-of-Care Testing, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Biomarkers analysis, Microfluidics methods, Point-of-Care Systems
- Abstract
There has been a long-standing interest in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as a tool to improve patient care because it can provide rapid, actionable results near the patient. Some of the successful examples of POC testing include lateral flow assays, urine dipsticks, and glucometers. Unfortunately, POC analysis is somewhat limited by the ability to manufacture simple devices to selectively measure disease specific biomarkers and the need for invasive biological sampling. Next generation POCs are being developed that make use of microfluidic devices to detect biomarkers in biological fluids in a non-invasive manner, addressing the above-mentioned limitations. Microfluidic devices are desirable because they can provide the ability to perform additional sample processing steps not available in existing commercial diagnostics. As a result, they can provide more sensitive and selective analysis. While most POC methods make use of blood or urine as a sample matrix, there has been a growing push to use saliva as a diagnostic medium. Saliva represents an ideal non-invasive biofluid for detecting biomarkers because it is readily available in large quantities and analyte levels reflect those in blood. However, using saliva in microfluidic devices for POC diagnostics is a relatively new and an emerging field. The overarching aim of this review is to provide an update on recent literature focused on the use of saliva as a biological sample matrix in microfluidic devices. We will first cover the characteristics of saliva as a sample medium and then review microfluidic devices that are developed for the analysis of salivary biomarkers., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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40. Metagenome-assembled genome extraction and analysis from microbiomes using KBase.
- Author
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Chivian D, Jungbluth SP, Dehal PS, Wood-Charlson EM, Canon RS, Allen BH, Clark MM, Gu T, Land ML, Price GA, Riehl WJ, Sneddon MW, Sutormin R, Zhang Q, Cottingham RW, Henry CS, and Arkin AP
- Subjects
- Phylogeny, Genome, Bacterial, Bacteria genetics, Metagenomics, Metagenome, Microbiota genetics
- Abstract
Uncultivated Bacteria and Archaea account for the vast majority of species on Earth, but obtaining their genomes directly from the environment, using shotgun sequencing, has only become possible recently. To realize the hope of capturing Earth's microbial genetic complement and to facilitate the investigation of the functional roles of specific lineages in a given ecosystem, technologies that accelerate the recovery of high-quality genomes are necessary. We present a series of analysis steps and data products for the extraction of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from microbiomes using the U.S. Department of Energy Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) platform ( http://www.kbase.us/ ). Overall, these steps take about a day to obtain extracted genomes when starting from smaller environmental shotgun read libraries, or up to about a week from larger libraries. In KBase, the process is end-to-end, allowing a user to go from the initial sequencing reads all the way through to MAGs, which can then be analyzed with other KBase capabilities such as phylogenetic placement, functional assignment, metabolic modeling, pangenome functional profiling, RNA-Seq and others. While portions of such capabilities are available individually from other resources, the combination of the intuitive usability, data interoperability and integration of tools in a freely available computational resource makes KBase a powerful platform for obtaining MAGs from microbiomes. While this workflow offers tools for each of the key steps in the genome extraction process, it also provides a scaffold that can be easily extended with additional MAG recovery and analysis tools, via the KBase software development kit (SDK)., (© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. Recent Advances of Optical Biosensors in Veterinary Medicine: Moving Towards the Point of Care Applications.
- Author
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Amin N, Almasi A, Ozer T, Henry CS, Hosseinzadeh L, and Keshavarzi Z
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Biosensing Techniques methods, Animal Diseases
- Abstract
While food safety issues are attracting public concern due to their detrimental effects on human health, monitoring livestock health is urgently needed to diagnose animal diseases at an early stage by applying proper treatments, controlling, and preventing outbreaks, particularly in resource- limited countries. In addition, unhealthy farms are not only a threat to livestock but also to human lives. The available diagnostic techniques for the detection of key health threats within both the food and livestock sectors require labor-intensive and time-consuming experimental procedures and sophisticated and expensive instruments. To tackle this issue, optical biosensing strategies have been incorporated into point-of-care (POC) systems, offering real-time monitoring, field-deployable, and low-cost devices, which help make on-the-spot decisions. This review aims to discuss the recent cutting-edge research on POC optical biosensing platforms for on-farm diagnosis of animal diseases and on-site detection of animal-derived food-borne contaminants, including pathogens, antibiotics, and mycotoxins. Moreover, this review briefly presents the basic knowledge of various types of optical biosensors and their development using various recent strategies, including nanomaterial combinations, to enhance their performance in POC tests. This review is expected to help scientists to understand the evolution and challenges in the development of point-of-care biosensors for the food and livestock industry, benefiting global healthcare., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Maximizing flow rate in single paper layer, rapid flow microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.
- Author
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Macleod Briongos I, Call ZD, Henry CS, and Bark DL Jr
- Abstract
Small, single-layer microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) offer potential for a range of point-of-care applications; however, they have been limited to low flow rates. Here, we investigate the role of laser cutting paper channels in maximizing flow rate in small profile devices with limited fluid volumes. We demonstrate that branching, laser-cut grooves can provide a 59.23-73.98% improvement in flow rate over a single cut, and a 435% increase over paper alone. These design considerations can be applied to more complex microfluidic devices with the aim of increasing the flow rate, and could be used in stand-alone channels for self-pumping., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10404-023-02679-8., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere are no financial or non-financial conflicts to declare., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Electrochemical Capillary Driven Immunoassay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2.
- Author
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Clark KM, Schenkel MS, Pittman TW, Samper IC, Anderson LBR, Khamcharoen W, Elmegerhi S, Perera R, Siangproh W, Kennan AJ, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, and Henry CS
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on a pressing need for fast, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic tests. This work presents an electrochemical capillary driven immunoassay (eCaDI) developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. The low-cost flow device is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and adhesive films. Upon addition of a sample, reagents and washes are sequentially delivered to an integrated screen-printed carbon electrode for detection, thus automating a full sandwich immunoassay with a single end-user step. The modified electrodes are sensitive and selective for SARS-CoV-2 N protein and stable for over 7 weeks. The eCaDI was tested with influenza A and Sindbis virus and proved to be selective. The eCaDI was also successfully applied to detect nine different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dual-mode ion-selective electrodes and distance-based microfluidic device for detection of multiple urinary electrolytes.
- Author
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Phoonsawat K, Ozer T, Dungchai W, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Electrodes, Humans, Ions, Polymers chemistry, Polystyrenes, Sodium, Soot, Ion-Selective Electrodes, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Abstract
Here, we developed a microfluidic paper device by combining ion-selective electrodes (ISE) and a distance-based paper device (dPAD) for simultaneous potentiometric and colorimetric detection of urine electrolytes including K
+ , Na+ and Cl- . The working and reference electrode zones were coated with polystyrene as a non-ionic polymer to improve hydrophobic properties on the paper surface for fabrication of K+ -ISE and Na+ -ISE. The layer of polymer coating was optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the ISEs. Under optimized conditions, the electrode surfaces were modified with carbon black to improve the electrochemical characteristics of the ISEs. The ISEs showed good performance with sensitivities of 54.14 ± 3.94 mV per decade and 55.08 ± 1.15 mV per decade for K+ and Na+ within the linear concentration range 0.100 mM-100 mM K+ and 5 mM-1 M Na+ , respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.05 mM and 1.36 mM for K+ and Na+ , respectively. The linear working range of Cl- was 0.50 to 50 mM and the LOD and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.16 ± 0.05 mM (3SD) and 0.53 ± 0.05 mM (10SD), respectively. The dual-mode ISE-dPAD was validated in human urine and recoveries were obtained as 90-108%, 94-105%, and 90-96% for K+ , Na+ , and Cl- , respectively, showing successful application of the developed device in a complex matrix. The ISE-dPAD has advantages including low-cost ($ 0.33 per test), eco-friendly, portability, simple operation, the need of low sample volume (100 μL), and simultaneous analysis on a single device.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines.
- Author
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Heckenlaible N, Snyder S, Herchenbach P, Kava A, Henry CS, and Gross EM
- Subjects
- Biogenic Amines, Carbon, Histamine, Luminescent Measurements methods, Putrescine, Spermidine, Cell Phone, Organometallic Compounds
- Abstract
Biogenic amines are an important and widely studied class of molecules due to their link to the physiological processes of food-related illnesses and histamine poisoning. Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection offers an inexpensive and portable analytical method of detection for biogenic amines when coupled with recent advancements in low-cost carbon-based electrodes and a smartphone camera. In this work, a mobile phone camera was evaluated against a piece of conventional instrumentation, the charge-coupled device, for the detection of ECL from the reaction of biogenic amines with the luminescent compound tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Assisted by a 3D-printed light-tight housing, the mobile phone achieved limits of detection of 127, 425 and 421 μM for spermidine, putrescine, and histamine, respectively. The mobile phone's analytical figures of merit were lesser than the CCD camera but were still within the range to detect contamination. In an exploration of real-world samples, the mobile phone was able to determine the contents of amines in skim milk on par with that of a CCD camera.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A smartphone-assisted hybrid sensor for simultaneous potentiometric and distance-based detection of electrolytes.
- Author
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Phoonsawat K, Agir I, Dungchai W, Ozer T, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Electrolytes, Humans, Ions, Potentiometry, Ion-Selective Electrodes, Smartphone
- Abstract
At home electrolyte analysis is of growing interest due to the importance for early diagnosis for various diseases. This work presents the first device that integrates a potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) with distance-based colorimetric detection for the simultaneous analysis of K
+ and Cl- ions at the point of care (POC). This hybrid sensing device was designed in a two-dimensional configuration using a plastic transparency sheet containing a stencil printed K+ -ISE and a paper substrate for distance-based colorimetric detection of Cl- . K+ quantification was performed using a low-cost (<$25) lab-made Wi-Fi supported potentiometer with a custom smartphone application while Cl- ions were quantified with an instrument-free distance-based paper analytical device (dPAD). The total analysis time is 5 min once the sample is added. The K+ -ISE showed a sensitivity of 55.89 ± 2.52 mV/decade from 0.1 to 100 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mM. The linear working range for Cl- detection was 0.5-50 mM whereas the LOD was 0.16 ± 0.05 mM. The proof-of-concept application of the sensing hybrid device was demonstrated in human urine and artificial sweat samples containing K+ and Cl- ions at physiologically relevant ranges. The recoveries were found to be 88-108% for K+ and 90-104% for Cl- , showing the potential use of the proposed device for low-cost routine analysis of biological samples at POC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Rapid prototyping of ion-selective electrodes using a low-cost 3D printed internet-of-things (IoT) controlled robot.
- Author
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Ozer T, Agir I, and Henry CS
- Subjects
- Electrodes, Ion-Selective Electrodes, Ions, Potassium, Potentiometry, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Sodium, Internet of Things, Robotics
- Abstract
We report automated fabrication of solid-contact sodium-selective (Na
+ -ISEs) and potassium-selective electrodes (K+ -ISEs) using a 3D printed liquid handling robot controlled with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The printing system is affordable and can be customized for the use with micropipettes for applications such as drop-casting, biological assays, sample preparation, rinsing, cell culture, and online analyte monitoring using multi-well plates. The robot is more compact (25 × 30 × 35 cm) and user-friendly than commercially available systems and does not require mechatronic experience. For fabrication of ion-selective electrodes, a carbon black intermediate layer and ion-selective membrane were successively drop-cast on the surface of stencil-printed carbon electrode using the dispensing robot. The 3D-printed robot increased ISE robustness while decreasing the modification time by eliminating manual steps. The Na+ -ISEs and K+ -ISEs were characterized for their potentiometric responses using a custom-made, low-cost (<$25) multi-channel smartphone-based potentiometer capable of signal processing and wireless data transmission. The electrodes showed Nernstian responses of 58.2 ± 2.6 mV decade-1 and 56.1 ± 0.7 mV decade-1 for Na+ and K+ , respectively with an LOD of 1.0 × 10-5 M. We successfully applied the ISEs for multiplexed detection of Na+ and K+ in urine and artificial sweat samples at clinically relevant concentration ranges. The 3D-printed pipetting robot cost $100 and will pave the way for more accessible mass production of ISEs for those who cannot afford the expensive commercial robots., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Metabolite Damage and Damage Control in a Minimal Genome.
- Author
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Haas D, Thamm AM, Sun J, Huang L, Sun L, Beaudoin GAW, Wise KS, Lerma-Ortiz C, Bruner SD, Breuer M, Luthey-Schulten Z, Lin J, Wilson MA, Brown G, Yakunin AF, Kurilyak I, Folz J, Fiehn O, Glass JI, Hanson AD, Henry CS, and de Crécy-Lagard V
- Subjects
- Oxidoreductases, Genome, Bacterial, Metabolomics methods
- Abstract
Analysis of the genes retained in the minimized Mycoplasma JCVI-Syn3A genome established that systems that repair or preempt metabolite damage are essential to life. Several genes known to have such functions were identified and experimentally validated, including 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cycloligase, coenzyme A (CoA) disulfide reductase, and certain hydrolases. Furthermore, we discovered that an enigmatic YqeK hydrolase domain fused to NadD has a novel proofreading function in NAD synthesis and could double as a MutT-like sanitizing enzyme for the nucleotide pool. Finally, we combined metabolomics and cheminformatics approaches to extend the core metabolic map of JCVI-Syn3A to include promiscuous enzymatic reactions and spontaneous side reactions. This extension revealed that several key metabolite damage control systems remain to be identified in JCVI-Syn3A, such as that for methylglyoxal. IMPORTANCE Metabolite damage and repair mechanisms are being increasingly recognized. We present here compelling genetic and biochemical evidence for the universal importance of these mechanisms by demonstrating that stripping a genome down to its barest essentials leaves metabolite damage control systems in place. Furthermore, our metabolomic and cheminformatic results point to the existence of a network of metabolite damage and damage control reactions that extends far beyond the corners of it that have been characterized so far. In sum, there can be little room left to doubt that metabolite damage and the systems that counter it are mainstream metabolic processes that cannot be separated from life itself.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Functional characterization of prokaryotic dark matter: the road so far and what lies ahead.
- Author
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Escudeiro P, Henry CS, and Dias RPM
- Abstract
Eight-hundred thousand to one trillion prokaryotic species may inhabit our planet. Yet, fewer than two-hundred thousand prokaryotic species have been described. This uncharted fraction of microbial diversity, and its undisclosed coding potential, is known as the "microbial dark matter" (MDM). Next-generation sequencing has allowed to collect a massive amount of genome sequence data, leading to unprecedented advances in the field of genomics. Still, harnessing new functional information from the genomes of uncultured prokaryotes is often limited by standard classification methods. These methods often rely on sequence similarity searches against reference genomes from cultured species. This hinders the discovery of unique genetic elements that are missing from the cultivated realm. It also contributes to the accumulation of prokaryotic gene products of unknown function among public sequence data repositories, highlighting the need for new approaches for sequencing data analysis and classification. Increasing evidence indicates that these proteins of unknown function might be a treasure trove of biotechnological potential. Here, we outline the challenges, opportunities, and the potential hidden within the functional dark matter (FDM) of prokaryotes. We also discuss the pitfalls surrounding molecular and computational approaches currently used to probe these uncharted waters, and discuss future opportunities for research and applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Genome-scale modeling of the primary-specialized metabolism interface.
- Author
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Beilsmith K, Henry CS, and Seaver SMD
- Subjects
- Models, Biological, Plants genetics, Plants metabolism, Anthocyanins metabolism, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics
- Abstract
Environmental challenges and development require plants to reallocate resources between primary and specialized metabolites to survive. Genome-scale metabolic models, which map carbon flux through metabolic pathways, are a valuable tool in the study of tradeoffs that arise at this interface. Due to annotation gaps, models that characterize all the enzymatic steps in individual specialized pathways and their linkages to each other and to central carbon metabolism are difficult to construct. Recent studies have successfully curated subsystems of specialized metabolism and characterized the interfaces where flux is diverted to the precursors of glucosinolates, terpenes, and anthocyanins. Although advances in metabolite profiling can help to constrain models at this interface, quantitative analysis remains challenging because of the different timescales on which specialized metabolites from constitutive and reactive pathways accumulate., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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