75 results on '"Hazrati S"'
Search Results
2. Increased Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity Associated with Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Study
- Author
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Kawakita, T., Bowers, K., Hazrati, S., Zhang, C., Grewal, J., Chen, Z., Sun, L., and Grantz, K. L.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Genetic Ancestry and Variants Correlate with the Risk of HPV Oral Infection in Adult Healthy Men
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Deeken, J., Kothiyal, P., Wang, H., Jo, G., Hazrati, S., McNair, E., Iyer, R., and Maxwell, G.L.
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- 2022
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4. Effect of Light and Water Deficiency on Growth and Concentration of Various Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Aloe vera L.
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Hazrati, S., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Nicola, S., Kashkooli, A. Beyraghdar, Habibzadeh, F., Mohammadi, H., and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A.
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METABOLITES , *ALOE vera , *PLANT-water relationships , *SOIL moisture , *LIGHT intensity , *PLANT metabolism - Abstract
The effects of abiotic stresses on medicinal plants metabolism are well known, but how plants respond to the interaction of these stressors is little understood. Therefore, the current experiment was aimed to investigate changes in growth and concentration of various primary and secondary metabolites of A. vera grown under water deficit and different light intensity conditions. A split-plot in time research was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a research greenhouse. The factorial combination of four irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 20, 40, 60, and 80% of soil water content) and three light intensities (50, 75, and 100% of sunlight) were considered as the main factors. Sampling time was considered as sub factor. The results showed that the highest leaf, gel, and peel fresh weights were observed when the plants were subjected to low light intensity and irrigation was done after depleting 20% soil water moisture. Plants developed under full sunlight produced more pups (4.30, 3, and 3.75 per plant, 90, 180, and 270 days, respectively) and leaves (14.25, 18, and 21.25 per plant, 90, 180 and 270 days, respectively) and showed the higher fresh (165.75 g per plant) and dry root (37.60 g per plant) weight. These traits decreased with increasing water deficit severity during all the sampling times. Glucose (79.30 mg g − 1DW, 270 days), fructose (233.50 mg g− 1 DW, 270 days), aloin (27.68%, 90 days), proline (2.07 mg g-1 FW, 90 days) and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEP-Case) (0.463 mmol NADH g-1 protein min-1, 90 days) increased with increasing light intensity and water deficit severity during all the sampling times. Although high light intensity and water deficit led to yield and growth reduction, concentration of various primary and secondary metabolites increased. The results suggest that reduction in light intensity mitigates adverse effects of water deficit by inducing primary and secondary metabolites changes. It can be considered as an acclimation mechanism under water deficit conditions to avoid yield loss in A. vera production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
5. Effects of phytogenic feed additives, probiotic and mannan-oligosaccharides on performance, blood metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and microbial population of Japanese quail.
- Author
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Hazrati, S., Rezaeipour, V., and Asadzadeh, S.
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PROBIOTICS , *JAPANESE quail , *MICROORGANISM populations , *MEAT quality , *METABOLITES , *ESSENTIAL oils , *FEED additives - Abstract
1. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oils (AEO and DEO, respectively), probiotic (PRO) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microbial populations of Japanese quail. 2. A total of 375 one-day-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated into five treatment groups with five replicates of 15 birds each for a 42 d feeding experiment. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with PRO (0.15 g/kg feed), MOS (2 g/kg feed), AEO (0.25 g/kg feed) or DEO (0.25 g/kg feed). 3. AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation increased weight gain, while diets supplemented with AEO decreased feed intake (FI), and improved feed conversion ratio from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the gizzard was higher in birds supplemented with AEO compared to control group, while the birds fed MOS diet had the longest intestine (P < 0.05). Ceca length was greater in control, MOS and PRO groups (P < 0.05). Both essential oils decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of breast meat and percentage of cooking loss in quail (P < 0.05). The villus length (VL) was greater in birds fed diet supplemented with MOS, AEO, and DEO (P < 0.05).The population of E.coli decreased in Japanese quail fed MOS, while Lactobacilli spp. count was increased in the MOS group (P < 0.05). 4. In conclusion, AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation exhibited a positive effect on growth performance, while lipid peroxidation of the meat decreased in birds fed AEO and DEO diets. The intestinal morphometric indices increased in quail fed the AEO, MOS, and DEO diets. Supplementation with MOS modulated intestinal microbial populations of the Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Chrozophora tinctoria seeds as a new oil source.
- Author
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Hazrati, S., Nicola, S., Khurizadeh, S., Alirezalu, A., and Mohammadi, H.
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OILSEEDS , *FATTY acids , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *GAS chromatography , *PLANT extracts , *UNSATURATED fatty acids - Abstract
Chrozophora tinctoria L., usually known as dyer's Croton, Turnsole or Giradol, has been used in various medicinal and food products for many years. However, no comprehensive research has been undertaken to assess its potential as a new seed oil crop. Therefore, the current study examined the fatty acid composition, physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of C. tinctoria seeds, grown in the southwest of Iran. The seed oil content was found to be 26.40%. The extracted oil was analyzed for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that unsaturated fatty acids accounted for almost 91% of the total fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (76.68%), followed by oleic acid (13.99%) and palmitic acid (5.32%). d-tocopherol was the major tocopherol in the oil, representing 70 mg/100 g oil. The total phenolic content (151.70 mg GAE per 100 g oil) and total flavonoid content (1.17 mg QE oil) were also determined in the extracted oil. The antioxidant activity was measured by a DPPH assay and expressed as 45% of the seed oil. Due to its high oil yield and high unsaturated fatty acid content, C. tinctoria could be regarded as a new source of edible oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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7. Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women.
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Alijahan, R., Salimi, S., Pourfarzi, F., Tahmasebi, P., Moradi, Sh., and Hazrati, S.
- Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection, as a risk factor for adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes, is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of urinary tract infection and its associated risk factors in pregnant women. Material and Methods: In a cross-sectional analytical study a total 2496 pregnant women who were underwent prenatal care through July 2011 in three rural and six urban health centers of Ardabil city, were selected by multistage sampling. Data collection was performed using a self designed questionnaire from women's prenatal care records, 240 pregnant women with positive urine culture were considered as a case group and the remaining as a control group. Data were analyzed through Kruskal -- Wallis, Chi-square and Stepwise Logistic Regression statistical tests using SPSS version 16. Results: The incidence of urinary tract infection was 9.7%. Low socioeconomic status ( p=0.021, OR= 2/338, CI= 1/138-4/766),distance between pregnancies less than 3 years( p=0.026, OR= 2/137, CI= 1/093-4/141),and hyperemesis gravidarum( p=0.039, OR=2/06, CI= 1/038-4/098)were determined as risk factors that significantly contribute to urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Conclusion: We conclude that appropriate distance between pregnancies, intensive care of pregnant women with low socioeconomic status and hyperemesis gravidarum may significantly prevent urinary tract infection and its related adverse health effects among pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
8. Assessment of Environmental Gamma Radiation Dose Rate in Ardabil and Sarein in 2009.
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Hazrati, S., Barak, M., and Alighadri, M.
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GAMMA rays , *PHOTONS , *ELECTROMAGNETISM , *RADIOISOTOPES , *IONIZATION chambers , *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gamma rays, the most energetic photons within the any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum, pose enough energy to form charged particles and adversely affect human health. Provided that the external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined, environmental gamma dose rate and corresponding annual effective dose were determined in the cities of Ardabil and Sar Ein. Materials and Methods: Outdoor environmental gamma dose rates were measured using an Ion Chamber Survey Meter in 48 selected locations (one in city center and the remaining in cardinal and ordinal directions) in Ardabil and Sar Ein. Ten more locations were monitored along the hot springs effluent in Sar Ein. Measurements of gamma radiation dose rate were performed at 20 and 100 cm above the ground for a period of one hour. Results: Average outdoor environmental gamma dose rate were determined as 265, 219, and 208 nSv h-1 for Ardabil, Sar Ein, and along the hot spring effluent, respectively. The annual affective dose for Ardabil and Sar Ein residents were estimated to be 1.45 and 1.39 mSv, respectively. Conclusion: Calculated annual effective dose of 1.49 and 1.35 nSv are appreciably higher than the population weighted average exposure to environmental gamma radiation worldwide and that analysis of soil content to different radionuclide is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
9. PASSIVE AIR SAMPLING SURVEY OF POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER IN PRIVATE CARS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOURCES AND HUMAN EXPOSURE.
- Author
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Hazrati, S., Harrad, S., Alighadri, M., Sadeghi, H., Mokhtari, A., Gharari, N., and Rahimzadeh, S.
- Abstract
In order to characterize polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in vehicle interiors, airborne concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers were investigated using PUF disk passive air samplers in 25 private cars. Passive air samplers were fixed inside the selected cars for a period of 4 to 6 weeks. ΣPBDE concentrations (sum of the 10 congeners) ranged between 0.01 and 8.2 ng/m
3 with respective arithmetic and geometric mean concentrations of 0.71 and 0.091 ng/m3 . High concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers found in cars might provide an important source of human exposure to PBDEs either via inhalation or dust ingestion. A driver spending 8 hours a day inside a contaminated car (the worst scenario) would receive a daily inhalation intake of 54 ng. Age of the vehicles was found to be the most influential factor affecting polybrominated diphenyl ether emission in car interiors (R=0.47, r<0.01). Furthermore, significant variations were observed in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations between cars from same manufacturer with similar ages. The median ratio of BDE 47:99 for air samples was 1.7 comparing with the respective values of ~1 and ~0.7 reported for BK 70-5DE and DE-71, suggesting these commercial formulations to be likely sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the car indoor environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
10. Versatility of a new bioinorganic catalyst: Palladized cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and application to dehalogenation of flame retardant materials.
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Deplanche, K., Snape, T. J., Hazrati, S., Harrad, S., and Macaskie, L. E.
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DESULFOVIBRIO ,CATALYSTS ,HYDROGENATION ,POLYBROMINATED diphenyl ethers ,FIREPROOFING agents - Abstract
The versatility and reaction specificity of a novel bioinorganic catalyst is demonstrated in various reactions. Palladized cells (bioPd) of the sulphate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans showed an increased product selectivity and a catalytic activity comparable to a commercial Pd catalyst in several industrially relevant hydrogenations and hydrogenolyses (reductive dehalogenations). The ability of palladized cells to promote the reductive debromination of a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE #47) is demonstrated, although chemically reduced Pd(II) and commercial Pd(0) were more effective debromination agents. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are being supplanted as flame retardants by other compounds, e.g. tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP), the concentration of which was seen to increase ∼10-fold in groundwater samples between 2000 and 2004. BioPd dechlorinated TCPP in groundwater samples with >90% recovery of free chloride ion, and was five times more effective than using commercial Pd(0) catalyst. Examination of the spent groundwater using 31P NMR showed a phosphorus species novel to the bioPd-treated solution, which was not evident in a commercial reference sample of TCPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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11. Harvest time optimization for medicinal and aromatic plant secondary metabolites.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Mousavi Z, and Nicola S
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- Secondary Metabolism, Plants metabolism, Plants, Medicinal metabolism, Plants, Medicinal growth & development
- Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play a crucial role in shielding plants from pathogens and environmental stressors. These natural products find widespread applications across various industries, including pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and healthcare. However, the quantity and quality of these compounds in plants can be influenced by factors such as genetics, morphology, plant age, and the seasonal and daily variations. The timing of harvest holds particular significance for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) as their active compounds peak at a specific moment during the plant growth cycle. Determining the optimal harvest time is essential to ensure the plants meet their intended cultivation goal. In this review, we analyzed how developmental and external factors impact the qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of SMs in MAPs. We examined recent studies on the effects of environmental and developmental factors on SMs of MAPs, compiling relevant data for analysis. The results of this review demonstrate how these factors influence the quantity and quality of plant SMs, underscoring the importance of determining the optimal harvest time (known as the balsamic time) to maximize the utilization of these compounds. Our findings offer crucial insights into the factors affecting SMs, serving as a tool for quality control in MAPs production. Moreover, this review can be a valuable resource for researchers, farmers, and industrial users aiming to optimize plant growth and harvest timing for maximum yield. Overall, our review provides valuable information for devising effective strategies to produce high-quality MAPs products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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12. Evaluation of the benefits of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on biochemical and morphophysiological traits of Aloe barbadensis Mill under water deficit stress.
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Khajeeyan R, Salehi A, Movahhedi Dehnavi M, Hamidian M, and Hazrati S
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- Droughts, Pseudomonas putida metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Plant Roots microbiology, Plant Roots growth & development, Water metabolism, Stress, Physiological, Soil Microbiology, Pantoea, Dehydration, Fungi, Aloe metabolism, Aloe microbiology, Mycorrhizae physiology
- Abstract
Aloe barbadensis is a drought-tolerant perennial medicinal plant with both nutritional and cosmetic uses. Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. However, the use of drought-resistant plants combined with beneficial soil micro-organisms could improve the effectiveness of biological methods to mitigate drought damage. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (MF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (including Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans), and their co-inoculation on the macronutrient status, antioxidant enzyme activities, and other morphophysiological traits of A. barbadensis under four irrigation regimes [25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of water requirement (WR)]. Three harvests were conducted, revealing that inoculation enhanced the survival rate and shoot fresh weight (SFW) compared to the control plants. However, at 25% WR, the SFW was reduced by 43% more than the control. across all harvests, while the PGPR + MF treatment showed increases of more than 19%, 11%, and 17% compared to the control, MF, and PGPR treatments, respectively. The results also showed that A. barbadensis exhibited innate drought tolerance up to a 50% WR level by enhancing physiological defenses, such as antioxidant enzyme activity. Inoculation increased the macronutrient status of the plant at all levels of irrigation regimes especially under severe drought conditions. The highest levels of nitrogen (N) (16.24 mg g
-1 DW) and phosphorus (P) (11.29 mg g-1 DW) were observed in the PGPR + MF treatment at 100% WR. The maximum relative water content under MF inoculation and 75% WR (98.24%) (98.24%) was reached. PGPR + MF treatment alleviated drought-induced osmotic stress, as indicated by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage. However, P. putida and P. agglomerans strains alone or in combination with F. mosseae increased plant yield, macronutrient uptake and antioxidant enzyme activity. This study underscores the potential of these PGPR and MF strains as invaluable biological tools for the cultivation of A. barbadensis in regions with severe drought stress., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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13. Unraveling the influence of TiO 2 nanoparticles on growth, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of Mentha piperita L. in cadmium-contaminated soil.
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Mohammadi H, Kazemi Z, Aghaee A, Hazrati S, Golzari Dehno R, and Ghorbanpour M
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- Cadmium metabolism, Mentha piperita, Anthocyanins, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide, Soil chemistry, Chlorophyll metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Phytochemicals, Phenols, Nanoparticles chemistry, Oils, Volatile pharmacology, Soil Pollutants metabolism
- Abstract
Among the metals contaminants, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements in cultivated soils, causing loss of yield and productivity in plants. Recently, nanomaterials have been shown to mitigate the negative consequences of environmental stresses in different plants. However, little is known about foliar application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
2 NPs) to alleviate Cd stress in medicinal plants, and their dual interactions on essential oil production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar-applied TiO2 NPs on growth, Cd uptake, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) contents, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) activity and essential oil content of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) under Cd stress. For this purpose, plants were grown in Cd-contaminated (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg L-1 ) soil, and different concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1 ) were foliar sprayed at three times after full establishment until the beginning of flowering. Exposure to TiO2 NPs significantly (P < 0.01) increased shoot dry weight (37.8%) and the number of lateral branches (59.4%) and decreased Cd uptake in plant tissues as compared to the control. Application of TiO2 NPs increased the content of plastid pigments, and the ratio Fv/Fm (13.4%) as compared to the control. Additionally, TiO2 NPs reduced the stress markers, MDA and H2 O2 contents and enhanced the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme (60.5%), total phenols (56.1%), anthocyanins (42.6%), flavonoids (25.5%), and essential oil content (52.3%) in Cd-stressed peppermint compared to the control. The results also demonstrated that foliar spray of TiO2 NPs effectively improved the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reduced Cd accumulation in peppermint, which was mainly attributed to the reduction of oxidative burst and enhancement of the enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and POD) antioxidant defense system due to the uptake of NPs. The findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of TiO2 NPs on peppermint plants growth, physiology and secondary metabolites production in Cd-contaminated soil., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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14. Exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid modulates growth, yield, and physiological parameters in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions.
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Mohammadi H, Ezati P, Hazrati S, and Ghorbanpour M
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- Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Rain, Water metabolism, Aminolevulinic Acid pharmacology, Aminolevulinic Acid metabolism, Lens Plant metabolism
- Abstract
Lentils are a significant source of plant protein and are cultivated across Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Plants are subjected to various environmental stresses, which can hinder growth, yield, and productivity. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a compound that acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles and can increase plant tolerance to different abiotic stressors. However, the effects of exogenously applied ALA on lentil growth, yield, and physiological parameters under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions are not well-known. In this study, a split plot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of ALA foliar application and supplemental irrigation on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). The experiment was designed based on a randomized complete block with three replications. The main plot included four levels of supplemental irrigation [(supplementary irrigation in the flowering and early seed-filling stages, supplementary irrigation in the flowering stage, supplementary irrigation in the early seed-filling along with rain-fed conditions (no irrigation)]. The subplot considered foliar application of ALA at varying levels [(0 (control), 50 and 100 ppm)]. The results showed that water regimes and foliar spray with ALA significantly (P ˂ 0.01) affected plant height, number of pods per plant, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index. The highest total chlorophyll content was observed in plants that were subjected to supplementary irrigation in flowering and early seed filling stages and foliar sprayed with 100 ppm ALA. The study also found that exogenous ALA improved drought tolerance in lentil plants under rain-fed conditions mainly by regulating antioxidant enzymes, which ultimately protected the cellular membranes against overproduction of H
2 O2 . Furthermore, ALA application increased total carbohydrate contents at all supplemental irrigation levels, but the rate was higher in complementary irrigation conditions during flowering and early seed-filling stages. Malondialdehyde (MDA), H2 O2 , and proline contents were increased in field-grown plants under rain-fed conditions without exogenous ALA application. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the effects of ALA foliar spray and supplemental irrigation on lentil growth, yield, and physiological parameters. The findings suggest that exogenous ALA can improve plant tolerance to various abiotic stressors and enhance plant growth, yield, and physiological parameters., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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15. Harvest time explains substantially more variance in yield, essential oil and quality performances of Salvia officinalis than irrigation and putrescine application.
- Author
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Mohammadi-Cheraghabadi M, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Sefidkon F, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
Elicitors, irrigation regimes and harvest times influence the content, yield and compound of the essential oil (EO) in Salvia officinalis (sage), through changes in biomass dynamics and biosynthetic pathways. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine if foliar application of putrescine under optimum and deficit stress conditions would favorably affect EO yield, content and profile of sage harvested in spring and summer. The response of dry weight, EO yield and content, myrcene and borneol concentrations to irrigation regime and putrescine concentration can be expressed by a quadratic model. The maximum dry weight (182.63 g m
-2 ) and EO yield (1.68 g m-2 ) were predicted under irrigation regimes of 9.06% and 27.75% available soil water depletion (ASWD), respectively. The highest EO content (1.05%) was predicted under 3.04 mM of putrescine. Based on results obtained from GC/MS analyses, 25 compounds (mostly monoterpenes) were identified in the EO of sage. Among EO compounds, α-thujone (54.08%), 1, 8-cineole (17.87%), pinocarvone (14.30%), β-thujone (7.97%) and camphor (8.76%) in turn were the most abundant. The concentration of myrcene was higher in spring than summer under the irrigation regimes of 60% and 80% ASWD. The myrcene concentration reached its maximum (4.53%) under the irrigation regime of 86.5% ASWD. The irrigation regimes of 48.03% and 45.6% ASWD caused the highest borneol concentrations of 1.47% and 1.41% by application of 1.5 mM and 2.25 mM putrescine, respectively. All treatments tested on sage, particularly harvest time, can play an important role in the improvement of EO quality and quantity. Averaged over both years, the irrigation regime of nearly 30% ASWD resulted in the highest EO yield harvested with greater quantity and better quality in summer. The EO content and quality changed slightly with the application of putrescine, without significant effect on yield., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)- Published
- 2023
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16. Epidemiological and microbiome associations of Clostridioides difficile carriage in infancy and early childhood.
- Author
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Mani J, Levy S, Angelova A, Hazrati S, Fassnacht R, Subramanian P, Richards T, Niederhuber JE, Maxwell GL, and Hourigan SK
- Subjects
- Male, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, Clostridioides, Longitudinal Studies, Milk, Human, Feces, Clostridioides difficile, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Clostridium Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
There has been an increase in the prevalence of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) causing significant economic impact on the health care system. Although toxigenic C. diff carriage is recognized in infancy, there is limited data regarding its longitudinal trends, associated epidemiolocal risk factors and intestinal microbiome characteristics. The objectives of our longitudinal cohort study were to investigate temporal changes in the prevalence of toxigenic C.diff colonization in children up to 2 years, associated epidemiological and intestinal microbiome characteristics. Pregnant mothers were enrolled prenatally, and serial stool samples were collected from their children for 2 years. 2608 serial stool samples were collected from 817 children. 411/817 (50%) were males, and 738/817 (90%) were born full term. Toxigenic C.diff was detected in 7/569 (1%) of meconium samples, 116/624 (19%) of 2 m (month), 221/606 (37%) of 6 m, 227/574 (40%) of 12 m and 18/235 (8%) of 24 m samples. Infants receiving any breast milk at 6 m were less likely to be carriers at 2 m, 6 m and 12 m than those not receiving it. ( p = 0.002 at 2 m, p < 0.0001 at 6 m, p = 0.022 at 12 m). There were no robust differences in the underlying alpha or beta diversity between those with and without toxigenic C. diff carriage at any timepoint, although small differences in the relative abundance of certain taxa were found. In this largest longitudinal cohort study to date, a high prevalence of toxigenic C. diff carrier state was noted. Toxigenic C. diff carrier state in children is most likely a transient component of the dynamic infant microbiome.
- Published
- 2023
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17. Gut microbiota changes are detected in asymptomatic very young children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Author
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Nashed L, Mani J, Hazrati S, Stern DB, Subramanian P, Mattei L, Bittinger K, Hu W, Levy S, Maxwell GL, and Hourigan SK
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Gastrointestinal Tract, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2022
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18. Correction to: Biochemical response and nutrient uptake of two arbuscular mycorrhiza-inoculated chamomile varieties under different osmotic stresses.
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Ebrahimi F, Salehi A, Dehnavi MM, Mirshekari A, Hamidian M, and Hazrati S
- Published
- 2022
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19. Application of zeolite improves water and nitrogen use efficiency while increasing essential oil yield and quality of Salvia officinalis under water-deficit stress.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Khurizadeh S, and Sadeghi AR
- Abstract
Soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are two of the most important factors affecting the production of medicinal plants. So, the management strategy of these factors is critical and to be identified. In order to study the application of zeolite (Z) (0 and 10 ton ha
-1 ) in S. officinalis culture medium under different irrigation regimes (30 % depletion of available soil water (ASW)) and 60 % depletion of ASW) and N (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1 ) a split-factorial experiment was carried out with three replicates in 2018. The highest fresh and dry weight were achieved at irrigation after 30 % depletion of ASW while using 150 kg N ha-1 and 10 ton Z ha-1 . Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) (22.10 g.L-1 ) was obtained after 60 % depletion of ASW and 150 kg N ha-1 and 10 ton Z ha-1 . Besides, the maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was obtained after 60 % depletion of ASW and 75 kg N ha-1 and 10 ton Z ha-1 (14.25 kg.kg-1 N). Maximum essential oil (EO) content (1.06%) and cis -Thujone were obtained from plants subjected to 60 % depletion of ASW and, application of 75 kg N ha-1 and 10 ton Z ha-1 . Applying Z with N, in different irrigation regimes did improve soil conditions for achieving higher, WUE and NUE, increased the EO content and yield while decreasing the negative effects from water-deficit stress and has provided a direction towards a stable system., (© 2021 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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20. Effects of water-deficit stress and putrescine on performances, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Salvia officinalis in two cutting times.
- Author
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Mohammadi-Cheraghabadi M, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Sefidkon F, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
A 2-year (2017-2018) field experiment was performed to specify if the foliar application of putrescine (PUT) under optimum and water-deficit stress (WDS) conditions would favorably affect leaf gas exchange, greenness, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, pigments, sodium (Na), potassium (K), as well as yield and content of the essential oil (EO) relationships in Salvia officinalis L. (sage) in spring (cutting 1) and summer (cutting 2). Based on the results analysis of variance, the effects of WDS, PUT, and cutting time were significant for the dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), EO content, EO yield, chlorophyll (Chl) t, carotenoid, Na, and K of sage. According to regression results, the response of EO content, EO yield, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), spad, Chl a, Chl t, K, and K/Na to WDS can be expressed by a quadratic model, indicating that they would attain their maximum in 75.5%, 34.86%, 38.33%, 84.13% 60%, 70%, 50.40%, and 40.28% available soil water depletion (ASWD), respectively. The response of dry weight, LAI, EO content, EO yield, Fv/Fm, spad, ΦpsII, Chl a, Chl b, Chl t, carotenoid, K, and K/Na to PUT can be expressed by a quadratic model, showing that they would attain their most under 0.98, 1.14, 1.34, 1.16, 1.27, 1.18, 1.17, 1.25, 1.17, 1.27, 1.31, 1.21, and 1.19 mM of PUT, respectively. These findings suggest that, probably, the functions and structures of the photosynthetic system were further enhanced with PUT, thereby they can be promoting primary electron transfer in PSII. Also, stomatal and photosynthetic activity improved with increasing K levels with PUT., (© 2022 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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21. Association of Maternal Confidence and Breastfeeding Practices in Hispanic Women Compared to Non-Hispanic White Women.
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Hoyt-Austin A, Hazrati S, Berlin S, Hourigan S, and Bodnar K
- Abstract
Understanding modifiable factors related to breastfeeding initiation and duration is critical to increase breastfeeding rates. Maternal parenting confidence is a modifiable factor whose association with breastfeeding duration has not previously been investigated. In a retrospective cohort of 1023 mother-infant dyads, the association between maternal confidence and breastmilk feeding at 6 and 12 months of age were analyzed. The association of breastmilk frequency categories and maternal confidence score at 6 and 12 months was examined using multinomial logistic regression stratified by race, ethnicity, and adjusted for gestational age. We found that breastmilk feeding frequency at 6 months was negatively associated with the maternal confidence score. After stratification by ethnicity, the association was no longer significant. There was no association between human milk feeding frequency at 12 months and maternal confidence score at 12 months. Our results demonstrate the need for additional research to identify modifiable factors to increase breastfeeding rates., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
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- 2021
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22. Biochemical response and nutrient uptake of two arbuscular mycorrhiza-inoculated chamomile varieties under different osmotic stresses.
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Ebrahimi F, Salehi A, Movahedi Dehnavi M, Mirshekari A, Hamidian M, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
Background: Water-deficit stress is known as one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting the growth of plants through marked reduction of water uptake, which leads to osmotic stress by lowering water potential. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, can significantly reduce the adverse effects of water deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformis mosseae on nutrient uptake and certain physiological traits of two chamomile varieties, namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári (Sor) under osmotic stress. For pot culture, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three factors: osmotic stress (PEG 6000) was applied along with Hoagland solution at three levels (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa), two German chamomile varieties (Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksari (Sor)), and AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae species (fungal and non-fungal)) at four replications in perlite substrate., Results: Osmotic stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N and P) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under osmotic stress. Regarding the Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing the adverse effects of osmotic stress. Under osmotic stress, the growth and total dry weight were improved upon AM inoculation., Conclusions: In general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients and increased the level of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes; hence, it improved plant characteristics under osmotic stress in both varieties. However, it was found to be more effective in reducing stress damages in the Sor variety., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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23. Phytochemical and physiological changes in Salvia officinalis L. under different irrigation regimes by exogenous applications of putrescine.
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Mohammadi-Cheraghabadi M, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Sefidkon F, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
Water stress is the major factor limiting plant productivity and quality in most regions of the world. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of putrescine (Put) on phytochemical, physiological, and growth parameters of Salvia officinalis L. under different irrigation regimes. The highest stem dry weight (56.05 and 65.21 g m
-2 ) plus leaf dry weight (124.51 g m-2 ) were predicted in irrigation regimes of (20 and 40%) plus 20% available soil water was depleted (ASWD), respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) was increased significantly under the irrigation regime of 80% with the application of distilled water in spring. TPC showed an increasing trend with increases in Put concentration under all irrigation regimes in both spring and summer. The highest total flavonoids content (TFC) in wavelengths of 415 and 367 nm were predicted in 2.25 mM Put. The highest ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (0.13 μmol mg-1 protein) was predicted in the irrigation regime of 20% with the application of distilled water in spring and summer. There was a significantly negative correlation coefficient between APX, TPC, and TFC. Indeed, there was a decreasing trend in APX and an increasing trend in TPC and TFC with increases in Put concentration under the irrigation regime of 20% ASWD. The highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) values were obtained under irrigation regimes of 49.27% and 20% ASWD in spring and summer, respectively. There was an increasing trend in endogenous Put with increases in the Put concentration. The responses of compatible osmolytes to irrigation regime can be expressed by quadratic model, suggesting maximum proline (0.52 mg g-1 ), total reducing sugars (TRS) (0.37 mg g-1 ), xylose (0.68 mg g-1 ), and mannose (0.37 mg g-1 ) values would be obtained in irrigation regimes of 68.33%, 48.33%, 53.75%, and 56.25% ASWD, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
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24. The Potential of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analogue GR24 for the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Yield in Winter Wheat under Drought: Investigations on the Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Modes.
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Sedaghat M, Emam Y, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Hazrati S, Lovisolo C, Visentin I, Cardinale F, and Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z
- Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological and physiological processes, including the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, in concert with other phytohormones. While it is now clear that exogenous SLs may help plants to survive in harsh environmental condition, the best, most effective protocols for treatment have not been defined yet, and the mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. In the set of experiments reported here, we contrasted two application methods for treatment with a synthetic analog of SL, GR24. A number of morphometric, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured following foliar application of GR24 or application in the residual irrigation water in winter wheat plants under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Depending on the concentration and the method of GR24 application, differentiated photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, antioxidant enzyme activities and yield in drought conditions were observed. We present evidence that different methods of GR24 application led to increased photosynthesis and yield under stress by a combination of drought tolerance and escape factors, which should be considered for future research exploring the potential of this new family of bioactive molecules for practical applications.
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- 2021
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25. Functionalization of ultrasound enhanced sewage sludge-derived biochar: Physicochemical improvement and its effects on soil enzyme activities and heavy metals availability.
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Hazrati S, Farahbakhsh M, Cerdà A, and Heydarpoor G
- Subjects
- Charcoal, Sewage, Soil, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Poor physicochemical characteristics and high heavy metals content are main limitations of applying sludge-based biochars in remediation studies. The present study attempts to combine two practical approaches of ultrasound pre-treatment with low-time and low-frequency and chemical functionalization using citric acid. The aims of this study are enhancement physicochemical characteristics and environmental applicability of sludge-derived biochar. The characteristics of obtained ultrasound-treated functionalized biochar (UFB), sludge-derived biochar (SDB) and sewage sludge (SS) were evaluated. Then, the effects of these additives on soil heavy metals availability, soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical characteristics were investigated during a 2-month stabilization process. The results indicated that ultrasound pre-treatment and functionalization considerably increased pore volume, surface area, and surface functional groups of the biochar, but significantly decreased total heavy metals concentration and metals ecological risk index (Er). The results of soil amending showed that application of UFB decreased Pb, Zn and Cd availability in soil by 85.3, 82.9 and 30.6%, respectively. In all cases, except for Cd, the Pb and Zn availability decreased by UFB was two times greater than the availability decreased by SDB and SS. Compared to SDB, the UFB potentially enhanced the positive effect of additive on soil enzyme activities. The obtained results revealed that the feasible, uncomplicated physical and chemical techniques can be used as a valuable approach for enhancing the environmental applicability of sludge-derived biochar and management of the excessively produced sewage sludge in the world., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The all authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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26. Investigation of yield, phytochemical composition, and photosynthetic pigments in different mint ecotypes under salinity stress.
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Hosseini SJ, Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z, Pirdashti H, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Hazrati S, and Nicola S
- Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the main limiting factors of medicinal plant growth and may affect their characteristics and chemical composition. In order to evaluate the response of different species of Iranian mint to salinity stress, an experiment was designed in greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, six Iranian mint species were cultivated in pots under different salinity stress including 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 dS/m. The chlorophyll indices (a, b, total, and a/b ratio), carotenoids, total anthocyanin, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, dry matter yield, and essential oil content were measured in two different harvest stages. Salinity stress affected various measured traits. The results showed that despite the negative effect of salinity stress on photosynthetic pigments, in some ecotypes and species, photosynthetic pigments were not affected by salinity stress. The amount of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total anthocyanin increased in response to salinity stress. The dry matter decreased under salinity stress, but the content of essential oil increased as a result of salinity stress increment. The results of PCA biplot showed that the E16 and E18 ecotypes were separated by a large distance. Among the various ecotypes, E18 had the most desirable traits which can be recognized as a salt-tolerant ecotype. Also, piperita species was the best among the species in all salinity stress levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2021
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27. A comparative study: Influence of various drying methods on essential oil components and biological properties of Stachys lavandulifolia .
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Hazrati S, Lotfi K, Govahi M, and Ebadi MT
- Abstract
The genus Stachys is a member of the Lamiaceae family. These are important medicinal plants which grow all over the world and are known for their flavoring and therapeutic effects and Stachys lavandulifolia is an endemic species of Iran. To acquire high-quality essential oil (EO), drying technique was implemented which is an essential part of this process. The present study designed to evaluate the influences of different drying techniques (fresh sample, shade, sunlight, freeze-drying, microwave, and oven-drying (40, 60, and 80°C) on EO yield and composition of S. lavandulifolia . The results indicated that the maximum EO yield was obtained by the shade-drying method. The main compounds found in the fresh samples were spathulenol, myrcene, β-pinene, δ-cadinene, and α-muurolol, while spathulenol, cyrene, δ-cadinene, p-cymene, decane, α-terpinene, β-pinene, and intermedeol were found to be the dominant compounds in the dry samples. Drying techniques were found to have a significant impact on the values of the main compositions, for example, monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, and β-phellandrene were significantly reduced by microwave drying, oven-drying (40, 60, and 80°C), and sunlight-drying methods. Drying techniques increased the antioxidant activity of S. lavandulifolia EOs especially those acquired by freeze-drying with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50 ) values 101.8 ± 0.8 mg/ml in DPPH assay and 315.2 ± 2.1 mg/ml in decreasing power assay. As a result, shade-, sun-, and oven-drying (40°C) were found to be the most important techniques for attaining maximum yields of EO., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2021
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28. Physiological and biochemical traits in coriander affected by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under salt stress.
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Rabiei Z, Hosseini SJ, Pirdashti H, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits crop production worldwide. It is well-understood that environmental adaptations, physiological and biochemical traits adjust salinity tolerance in plants, but imparting the knowledge gained towards crop improvement remain arduous. Utilizing the potentially of beneficial microorganisms present in the rhizosphere is an alternative strategy to improve crop production under optimal or stress conditions. The current study aims at examining the ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving coriander growth under salt stress condition. Coriander seeds were inoculated via dual culture of Azospirillum brasiliense and Azotobacter chroococcum , and therefore subjected to four levels of salt stress (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl) with three replications in a research greenhouse. Seventy-five days after sowing, when leaves fully developed, leaf samples were collected and the traits were measured. The results indicated that the dual inoculation improved chlorophyll a and b content, in comparison to the un-inoculated plants. The dual inoculation increased grain yield, stem fresh and dry weights by 11.6, 11.3 and 17.2%, respectively; it also enhanced total plant fresh and dry weights by 6.1 and 10.2%, respectively, as compared to control. As a result, the dual inoculation significantly improved catalase (CAT), but decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzymes activities, as compared to control plants. Salt stress significantly increased (CAT) activity in the leaves, whereas it resulted in significant reduction in (APX) and (GPX) activity, especially in inoculated plants. Furthermore, dual inoculation decreased Na and subsequently increased K concentration in coriander leaves comparing with untreated plants. Overall, these results indicate that the PGPRs has improved coriander growth under control as well as salt stress conditions. Thus, PGPR can could significantly contribute to solve the coriander plant production problems caused by high salinity., (© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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29. Differences in maternal gene expression in Cesarean section delivery compared with vaginal delivery.
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Kothiyal P, Schulkers K, Liu X, Hazrati S, Vilboux T, Gomez LM, Huddleston K, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Conrads TP, Maxwell GL, and Hourigan SK
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Elafin, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins genetics, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Transcriptome, Up-Regulation, Cesarean Section methods, Delivery, Obstetric methods, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Cesarean section (CS) is recognized as being a shared environmental risk factor associated with chronic immune disease. A study of maternal gene expression changes between different delivery modes can add to our understanding of how CS contributes to disease patterns later in life. We evaluated the association of delivery mode with postpartum gene expression using a cross-sectional study of 324 mothers who delivered full-term (≥ 37 weeks) singletons. Of these, 181 mothers had a vaginal delivery and 143 had a CS delivery (60 with and 83 without labor). Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) were upregulated in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor. Peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3), a gene in the antimicrobial peptide pathway and known to be involved in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, showed a twofold increase in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor (adjusted p-value 1.57 × 10
-11 and 3.70 × 10-13 , respectively). This study evaluates differences in gene expression by delivery mode and provides evidence of antimicrobial peptide upregulation in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor. Further exploration is needed to determine if AMP upregulation provides protection against CS-associated diseases later in life.- Published
- 2020
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30. How do essential oil composition and phenolic acid profile of Heracleum persicum fluctuate at different phenological stages?
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Hazrati S, Mollaei S, Rabbi Angourani H, Hosseini SJ, Sedaghat M, and Nicola S
- Abstract
Heracleum persicum , commonly named Persian hogweed, is a principal native medicinal plant in Iran. Collecting H. persicum at the most appropriate growing stage is the key factor to achieve the high phytochemical quality to meet consumer's needs. In the present experiment, the aerial parts of this plant were harvested at up to six different developmental stages during the growing season to determine the phytochemical profiles. Our results indicated that the highest essential oil content was obtained in the mid-mature seed stage (3.5%). The most elevated extract content was recorded in the floral budding stage (10.4%). In the vegetative stage, limonene (18.1%), in floral budding stage, caryophyllene (14.1%), anethole (14.6%), and β-bisabolene (12.7%), in the full flowering stage, myristicin (15.0%), and hexyl butyrate (9.1%), in the early development of seeds stage, hexyl butyrate (32.1%), and octyl acetate (11.7%), in the mid-mature seeds stage hexyl butyrate (38.8%), octyl acetate (14.5%), in the late-mature/ripe seeds stage, hexyl butyrate (23.6%), and octyl acetate (10.5%) are recorded as the main components. The highest phenolic acids content was obtained in the floral budding stage (287.40 mg/g dried extract). The analysis of phenolic acids demonstrated cinnamic acid (8.0-225.3 mg/g extract), p-coumaric acid (1.7-39.2 mg/g extract), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.8-16.8 mg/g extract), and ferulic acid (2.4-15.8 mg/g extract) as the main phenolic acids. Cinnamic acid was found as the major phenolic compound in the vegetative stage following by floral budding, the full flowering stage, the early development of seeds, and late-mature/ripe seeds stages. P-coumaric acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds in the mid-mature seeds stage. In this regard, the harvest time of H. persicum aerial parts can be selected to achieve the highest secondary metabolites of interest. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for grower to obtain the highest possible amount of desirable metabolites, beneficial in both food and pharmaceutical industries as well as their undeniable economical benefits., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2020
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31. Mitigation in availability and toxicity of multi-metal contaminated soil by combining soil washing and organic amendments stabilization.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Farahbakhsh M, Heydarpoor G, and Besalatpour AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Charcoal chemistry, Citric Acid chemistry, Composting, Edetic Acid chemistry, Manure analysis, Metals, Heavy metabolism, Plants metabolism, Sewage chemistry, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Fertilizers analysis, Metals, Heavy analysis, Mining, Soil chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
In order to investigate the decrease in total metal contents and to mitigate the availability and toxicity of metals from farmland near a lead mining area, a combination of two effective soil washing and eco-friendly stabilization technologies was applied in current research. The pre-treatment was performed with three types of agents including Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and mixture of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and citric acid (HA)) and the post-treatment stabilization was adopted using four rich-carbon organic waste amendments (cow manure compost (CMC), vermicompost (VC), urban sewage sludge (SS), and sludge-derived biochar (BIO)). Furthermore, the fate of residual metals (leachability, plant-availability, bioaccessibility, and chemical distribution), soil quality indicators (phytotoxicity and enzyme activities), and some soil physicochemical properties were examined before and after the two-steps remediation. The soil washing, especially using HA and CA agents, dramatically increased the labile metals and negatively changed the soil microbial activity. The two-month stabilization with SS, BIO, and VC resulted in a significant control of the leachability and plant-availability of residual Zn and Pb. However, the post-treatment was only slightly immobilized of Cd. The amendments affected the restoration of soil pH and organic carbon as well as the improvement of available nutrients. Compared to the other amendments that caused restrictions, the SS significantly restored the enzyme activities. With the exception of CMC, the SS, VC, and BIO, indicated higher germination rate and growth of wheat were also obtained. This study reveal the ability of the complementary role of stabilization with soil washing to reduce metal toxicity and confirm the usefulness of municipal and animal wastes in enhancing soil and environmental qualities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The all authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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32. Association of Ancestral Genetic Admixture and Excess Weight at Twelve Months of Age.
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Hazrati S, Huddleston K, Sadat-Hossieny S, Tilman LW, Fuller A, Deeken JF, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, and Hourigan SK
- Subjects
- Body Height genetics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Genetic Phenomena genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Body Weight genetics, Pediatric Obesity genetics, Racial Groups genetics
- Abstract
Background/Objective: Understanding the influence of genetically determined ancestry may give insight into the disparities of obesity seen in different ethnic groups beginning at a very early age. Aim: To investigate the relationship between children's ancestral genetic proportions and excess weight at 12 months of age. Methods: Eight hundred twenty-one 12-month-old children were included in this cross-sectional study. Their genetic admixture was estimated using the ancestry and kinship tool kit by projecting the samples into the 1000 Genomes principal component database. Weight-for-length percentile (WFLP) at 12 months of age was categorized as <95th percentile or ≥95th percentile. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of admixture proportions, including European (EUR), admixed American (AMR), African (AFR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS) populations, with WFLP categories, adjusting for maternal education, birth weight, frequency of breastfeeding, and juice consumption. Results: Eight hundred twenty-one children were included; WFLP <95th percentile = 671 (81.7%) and WFLP ≥95th percentile = 150 (18.3%). Crude ORs showed that the EUR admixture was protective [OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.27-0.74)], whereas AMR [OR 3.85 (95% CI 1.92-7.70)] and AFR [OR 5.70 (95% CI 2.19-14.85)] admixtures were positively associated with excess weight. After adjusting for confounding variables, only the AFR admixture was associated with WFLP ≥95th percentile [OR 7.38 (95% CI 2.31-23.59)]. Conclusions: AFRs remain associated with early excess weight after accounting for confounding variables, suggesting that this ancestral genetic background may contribute to the differences seen in early childhood obesity.
- Published
- 2020
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33. Fatty acid profile and in vitro biological properties of two Rosacea species ( Pyrus glabra and Pyrus syriaca ), grown as wild in Iran.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Govahi M, and Mollaei S
- Abstract
The high demands for the consumption of edible oils have caused scientists to struggle in assessing wild plants as a new source of seed oils. Therefore, in this study, the oil yield, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the oils obtained from Iran's two endemic plants ( Pyrus glabra and Pyrus syriaca ) were investigated. The obtained oil yields from the P. glabra and P . syriaca seeds were 33 ± 0.51 and 26 ± 0.28 w/w%, respectively. Oleic acid (C18:1) with the amount of 49.51 ± 1.05% was the major fatty acid in the P. glabra oil, while the main fatty acids in the P. syriaca seed oil belonged to linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1) with the amounts of 46.99 ± 0.37 and 41.43 ± 0.23%, respectively. The analysis of tocopherols was done by HPLC, and the results indicated that the P. glabra and P. syriaca seed oils were rich in α-tocopherol (69.80 ± 1.91 and 45.50 ± 1.86 mg/100 g oil, respectively), constituting 86.24 and 89.01% of total detected tocopherols, respectively. The study on the reducing capacity of the oils indicated that the P . glabra oil had more reducing capacity than the P. syriaca oil. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the P. glabra seed oil (43.4 ± 0.7 µg/ml) was higher than the P. syriaca seed oil (46.3 ± 1.2 µg/ml). Also, the investigation of the antibacterial activities indicated that the P. glabra and P. syriaca oils have an inhibitory effect on the studied bacteria. The results indicate that the oils of these plants can be appropriate sources of plant oils which can act as natural antibacterial agents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest., (© 2019 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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34. Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-microbial Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plants from North-west of Iran.
- Author
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Karimi S, Farzaneh F, Asnaashari S, Parina P, Sarvari Y, and Hazrati S
- Abstract
Due to the increase of microbial resistance to antibiotics and the occurrence of side effects, use of medicinal plants with anti-microbial properties seems to be rational. Hence, in this study, some plants of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, and Cucurbitaceae families were evaluated for antimicrobial effects. The aerial parts of the plants were extracted by different solvents using a Soxhlet apparatus. Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of the extracts on different microbial species was assessed. Extracts with high growth inhibitory effect were fractionated and their MIC was determined. Furthermore, primary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis were used to identify the chemical compounds of potent samples of n-hexane extracts of Eryngium caerulum ( E. caeruleum ) and Eryngium thyrsoideum ( E. thyrsoideum .) Both plants showed considerable antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis among the fractions, 40% and 60% VLC fractions of n-hex extract of E. caeruleum and 40% VLC fraction of n-hexane extract of E. thyrsoideum illustrated the most growth inhibitory effect. Moreover, the results of preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis confirmed that steroids, fatty acids and terpenoids play an important role to show anti-microbial activity, respectively. Among all samples, the 40% VLC fraction of n-hexane extract of E. thyrsoideum for possessing high amounts of fatty acids and terpenoids indicated the most anti-microbial potency.
- Published
- 2019
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35. Clinical and social factors associated with excess weight in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Khan F, Huddleston K, De La Cruz F, Deeken JF, Fuller A, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, and Hourigan SK
- Subjects
- Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, Breast Feeding, Fathers, Female, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mothers, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Social Determinants of Health, United States epidemiology, White People statistics & numerical data, Body Weight, Pediatric Obesity ethnology, Pediatric Obesity genetics, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Background: Hispanic children are disproportionately affected by obesity, with this disparity starting at a young age, and there is a paucity of data comparing factors associated with excess weight in the first year of life in Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic populations., Methods: Excess weight was defined as weight-for-length ≥95th percentile. The associations of potential risk factors were compared by ethnicity stratification., Results: Of the 1009 children, 302 (30.0%) were Hispanic and 707 (70.0%) were non-Hispanic White. The rate of excess weight was 30.1% and 13.6% among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. Factors associated with excess weight for non-Hispanic White children were higher than recommended weight gain during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 1.8 (1.2-3.1)), higher paternal body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1 (1.02-1.15)), higher birth weight (OR 1.001 (1.001-1.002)), and lower breast milk feedings at 6 months (OR 0.98 (0.96-0.98)). Factors associated with excess weight for Hispanic children were lower maternal education (OR 2.37 (1.1-4.5)) and lower breast milk feedings at 6 months (OR 0.98 (0.96-0.99))., Conclusion: There are differential risk factors associated with excess weight at 12 months between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children. Identification of differential factors in different ethnicities may allow for more targeted anticipatory guidance reduce obesity in at-risk populations.
- Published
- 2019
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36. Corrigendum to "BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: Risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations"[Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 159 (2018) 102-108].
- Author
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Baghani AN, Rostami R, Arfaeinia H, Hazrati S, Fazlzadeh M, and Delikhoon M
- Published
- 2018
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37. BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: Risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations.
- Author
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Baghani AN, Rostami R, Arfaeinia H, Hazrati S, Fazlzadeh M, and Delikhoon M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Inhalation Exposure analysis, Iran, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure analysis, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Beauty Culture, Benzene analysis, Benzene Derivatives analysis, Toluene analysis, Xylenes analysis
- Abstract
Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) were investigated in indoor air quality of 50 beauty salons in Ardabil, Iran (2017). Ten liters of air samples were collected from each salons regarding the recommended method and analyzed by GC-FID for BTEX concentration. Also, structural and operational conditions of the salons were studied with a self-designed questioner. The results of this study show that the mean concentration of benzene (32.40 ± 26.38) higher than the recommended levels by Health Canada, ANSES and HKSAR. Among the BTEX, ethylbenzene (62.38 ± 32.37) has the most concentrations in the salons. Subsequently, the cancer risk values in different age groups of birth to <6, 6 to <21, and 21 to <81 for benzene (1.83 × 10
-3 , 2.76 × 10-4 and 1.50 × 10-4 , respectively) and ethylbenzene (4.9 × 10-4 , 7.30 × 10-5 and 3.52 × 10-5 , respectively) for long time exposure were drastically higher than the recommended levels. The results showed that the benzene concentration is significantly influenced by the structural and operational conditions of type of ventilation system, area of the salons, the number of people in the salon, number of services in the salons, and while doing of bridal makeup., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Data on cephalexin removal using powdered activated carbon (PPAC) derived from pomegranate peel.
- Author
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Rashtbari Y, Hazrati S, Afshin S, Fazlzadeh M, and Vosoughi M
- Abstract
Cephalexin is extensively used as an antibiotic for treatment a number of bacterial infections. The data of possible adsorption mechanism and isotherm of Cephalexin on the synthesized adsorbent are depicted in this data article. The data obtained showed that the adsorption trend follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model and that the Langmuir isotherm was suitable for correlation of equilibrium data with the maximum adsorption capacity of 48.78 mg/g. Considering the findings data, powdered activated carbon derived from pomegranate peel as available and a cheap adsorbent, could be considered as promising adsorbent for Cephalexin and probably similar organic pollutants removal from aqueous solutions.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Answers to the comments on "Air pollution, biological marker and lung function in children".
- Author
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Neisi A, Idani E, Vosoughi M, Hazrati S, Babaei AA, Takdastan A, and Omidi Khaniabadi Y
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Child, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Lung chemistry, Respiratory Function Tests, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Clinical, Social, and Genetic Factors Associated with Obesity at 12 Months of Age.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Wong WSW, Huddleston K, Yui Y, Gilchrist N, Solomon BD, Niederhuber J, and Hourigan SK
- Subjects
- Alleles, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Variation, Humans, Infant, Male, Milk, Human, Pregnancy, Quality Control, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Weight Gain, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Pediatric Obesity genetics, Risk Factors
- Abstract
Objective: To examine genomic, social, and clinical risk factors of ≥85 weight for length percentile (WFLP) at 12 months., Study Design: Children in this study had whole-genome sequencing, and clinical and social data were collected. WFLPs at 12 months of age were grouped as follows: (1) <85th, (2) ≥85th to <95th, (3) ≥95th to <99th, and (4) ≥99th. Whole-genome sequencing data were used to analyze rare and common variants, and association of clinical and social factors was examined., Results: A total of 690 children were included; WFLPs were 422 (61.2%) <85th, 112 (16.2%) ≥85th-<95th, 89 (12.9%) ≥95th-<99th, and 67 (9.7%) ≥99th. Family-related risk factors associated with greater WFLP were greater paternal body mass index, WFLP ≥99th OR 1.10 (1.03-1.16), and greater than recommended weight gain in pregnancy, WFLP ≥85th-<95th OR 1.90 (1.09-3.26). More breast milk at 6 months was protective factor: WFLP ≥85th-<95th, OR 0.98 (0.97-0.99), WFLP ≥95th-<99th OR 0.98 (0.97-0.99), and WFLP ≥99th OR 0.98 (0.96-0.99). Although none of the variants reached genome-wide significance, there was a trend toward increased prevalence of genetic variants within or near genes previously associated with obesity in children with WFLP ≥99th., Conclusion: This cross-sectional study identified several modifiable factors, including increased weight gain in pregnancy and decreased breast milk at 6 months, associated with greater WFLP at 12 months. Strong genetic factors were not identified., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Situational Analysis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Most Important Endemic Area of the Disease in Iran.
- Author
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Moradi-Asl E, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rassi Y, Vatandoost H, Mohebali M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Habibzadeh S, Hazrati S, and Rafizadeh S
- Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector borne diseases in the world, transmitted by sand flies. Despite efforts to prevent the spread of the disease, cases continue worldwide. In Iran, the disease usually occurs in children under 10 years. In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is 95-100%. The main objective of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis as well as its correlation with climatic factors for determining high-risk areas in an endemic focus in northwestern Iran., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on VL cases were collected from local health centers in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2001-2015 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.3. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS23 and ArcMap Spatial Analyst. MaxEnt model was used to determine ecologically suitable nichesfor the disease., Results: Two hotspots were found in Meshkinshahr and Germi counties with 59% and 23% of total cases, respectively. There was an increase in the incidence rate of VL in Ardabil County from 2.9 in 2009 to 9.2/100,000 population in 2015. There was no spatial autocorrelation between county and total number of cases (P> 0.05). Higher NDVI, lower altitude and southern aspects had positive effects on the presence probability of VL., Conclusion: The number of cases of this disease have been rising since 2013 and doubled in 2015. According to the derived distribution maps, the disease is spreading to new locations such as Ardabil and Namin counties.
- Published
- 2017
42. Comparison of normal and dusty day impacts on fractional exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran.
- Author
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Neisi A, Vosoughi M, Idani E, Goudarzi G, Takdastan A, Babaei AA, Ankali KA, Hazrati S, Shoshtari MH, Mirr I, and Maleki H
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Asthma, Child, Exhalation, Humans, Iran, Dust, Nitric Oxide
- Abstract
Children are the vulnerable group at risk of adverse health effects related to air pollution due to dust storm in Ahvaz. The purpose of this study was to compare the values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and lung functions as parameters of adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) in dusty and normal (non-dusty) days in elementary schoolchildren. The study was conducted among elementary school students in Ahvaz. The healthy elementary schoolchildren (N = 105) were selected from different districts for FENO and lung function sampling during the dusty and normal days. The values of PM
10 and PM2.5 during dusty days were higher than during normal days. Mean values of FENO during the normal and dusty days were 14.23 and 20.3 ppb, respectively, and the difference between these values was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lung function results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean values of forced vital capacity during the dusty and normal days (p < 0.05). The results revealed a significant difference both in the values of inflammatory biomarker and in the lung function tests in dusty and normal days. Based on our results, fractional exhaled nitric oxide could be a useful short-term biomarker of particulate pollution effect coupled with spirometry.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Combined treatment with cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth: A randomized clinical trial.
- Author
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Karbasian N, Sheikh M, Pirjani R, Hazrati S, Tara F, and Hantoushzadeh S
- Subjects
- Adult, Cervical Length Measurement, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Premature Birth drug therapy, Premature Birth surgery, Progesterone administration & dosage, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Pregnancy Outcome, Premature Birth prevention & control, Progesterone therapeutic use, Uterine Cervical Incompetence surgery
- Abstract
Aim: We compared the effectiveness of a combined treatment involving cervical pessary plus vaginal progesterone to vaginal progesterone alone in decreasing the rate of preterm birth in women with short cervix in the second gestational trimester., Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 144 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who had a cervical length ≤ 25 mm, at 18-22 gestational weeks (GW). Seventy-three patients were assigned to receive 400 mg of daily vaginal progesterone (group A), and 73 to receive cervical pessary plus 400 mg of daily vaginal progesterone (group B), until the 37th GW. The patients were then followed until delivery., Results: The rates of preterm birth were 16.4% in group A and 19.7% in group B, which were not statistically different (P = 0.6). There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of preterm birth at <37, <34, <32, and ≤26 GW between participants randomized to each group (P = 0.55). The rates of low-birthweight delivery were 17.8% in group A, and 23.9% in group B, which were not statistically different (P = 0.36). The rates of premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, the requirement for neonatal intensive care unit admission, and fetal and neonatal deaths were similar between the two groups., Conclusion: In pregnancies with short cervix at mid-pregnancy, combination therapy of cervical pessary plus daily vaginal progesterone does not have any additional benefit over daily vaginal progesterone alone in reducing the rate of preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes., (© 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Effects of water stress and light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and pigments of Aloe vera L.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z, Modarres-Sanavy SA, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, and Nicola S
- Subjects
- Agricultural Irrigation, Aloe growth & development, Analysis of Variance, Anthocyanins metabolism, Dehydration, Fluorescence, Photochemical Processes radiation effects, Aloe metabolism, Aloe radiation effects, Chlorophyll metabolism, Light
- Abstract
Aloe vera L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. In order to determine the effects of light intensity and water deficit stress on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and pigments of A. vera, a split-plot in time experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a research greenhouse. The factorial combination of three light intensities (50, 75 and 100% of sunlight) and four irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 20, 40, 60 and 80% of soil water content) were considered as main factors. Sampling time was considered as sub factor. The first, second and third samplings were performed 90, 180 and 270 days after imposing the treatments, respectively. The results demonstrated that the highest light intensity and the severe water stress decreased maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv)/Fm, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ФPSII), Chl and photochemical quenching (qP) but increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), minimum fluorescence (F0) and Anthocyanin (Anth). Additionally, the highest Fm, Fv/Fm, ФPSII and qP and the lowest NPQ and F0 were observed when 50% of sunlight was blocked and irrigation was done after 40% soil water depletion. Irradiance of full sunlight and water deficit stress let to the photoinhibition of photosynthesis, as indicated by a reduced quantum yield of PSII, ФPSII, and qP, as well as higher NPQ. Thus, chlorophyll florescence measurements provide valuable physiological data. Close to half of total solar radiation and irrigation after depleting 40% of soil water content were selected as the most efficient treatments., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Investigating the accuracy of parentally reported weights and lengths at 12 months of age as compared to measured weights and lengths in a longitudinal childhood genome study.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Hourigan SK, Waller A, Yui Y, Gilchrist N, Huddleston K, and Niederhuber J
- Subjects
- Body Mass Index, Data Accuracy, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Reference Values, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virginia epidemiology, World Health Organization, Body Height, Body Weight, Parents, Pediatric Obesity diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity studies rely on parentally reported anthropometrics. However, the accuracy of such data has not been evaluated for 12-month-old children. Moreover, methods to improve the accuracy of reported data have not been assessed in prior studies., Methods: A total of 185 children enrolled in a northern Virginia childhood longitudinal cohort genomic study had parentally completed surveys at 12 months. Measured weights and lengths were recorded for the same children from their 12-month paediatrician visit. Weight for length percentiles were calculated using World Health Organization gender-specific growth charts. The agreement between reported and measured values was examined using Pearson's correlation, paired t-test and κ statistics. The interquartile outlier rule was used to detect and remove outliers., Results: Parentally reported weight was strongly associated with measured weight at 12 months (r=0.90). There was only a moderate correlation between parentally reported and measured lengths (r=0.52) and calculated weight for length percentiles (r=0.65). After removing outliers from parentally reported data, there was an increase in correlation between parentally reported and measured data for weight (r=0.93), length (r=0.69) and weight for length percentiles (r=0.76). Outliers removed compared to all children included were more likely to have maternal education less than a bachelor's degree (p=0.007)., Conclusions: After removal of outliers from reported data, there is a strong correlation between calculated reported and measured weight for length percentiles suggesting that this may be an effective method to increase accuracy when conducting large-scale obesity studies in young children where study costs benefit from using parentally reported data., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. BTEX in indoor air of waterpipe cafés: Levels and factors influencing their concentrations.
- Author
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Hazrati S, Rostami R, and Fazlzadeh M
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Indoor statistics & numerical data, Benzene analysis, Benzene Derivatives analysis, Cities, Iran, Restaurants, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Smoke Pollution statistics & numerical data, Toluene analysis, Xylenes analysis, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Tobacco Smoke Pollution analysis
- Abstract
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) concentrations, factors affecting their levels, and the exposure risks related to these compounds were studied in waterpipe (Ghalyun/Hookah) cafés of Ardabil city in Islamic Republic of Iran. 81 waterpipe cafés from different districts of Ardabil city were selected and their ambient air was monitored for BTEX compounds. Air samples were taken from standing breathing zone of employees, ~150 cm above the ground level, and were analyzed using GC-FID. In each case, the types of smoked tobacco (regular, fruit flavored), types of ventilation systems (natural/artificial), and the floor level at which the café was located were investigated. A high mean concentration of 4.96±2.63 mg/m(3) corresponding to long term exposure to benzene-related cancer risk of 4314×10(-6) was estimated. The levels of the remaining compounds were lower than the national guideline limits, but their hazard quotients (HQ) for long term exposure to ethylbenzene (1.15) and xylene (17.32) exceeded the HQ unit value. Total hazard indices (HI) of 63.23 were obtained for non-cancer risks. Type of the smoked tobacco was the most important factor influencing BTEX concentrations in the cafés. BTEX concentrations in indoor ambient air of Ardabil waterpipe cafés were noticeably high, and therefore may pose important risks for human health on both short and long term exposures., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The effect of natural adjuvants on pathological changes in sensitized Guinea pig lungs.
- Author
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Neamati A, Boskabady MH, Tabatabaei A, and Mohaghegh Hazrati S
- Abstract
Background: Anti-inflammatory effect of natural adjuvants has been reported. Lung inflammation is the most characterized pathological feature in asthma., Objectives: The effects of three natural adjuvants (PC, G2, and G2F registered as a patent in the Iranian Patent Office) on sensitized guinea pigs lungs were examined in the present study., Materials and Methods: LUNG PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES WERE EXAMINED IN CONTROL AND FIVE GROUPS OF RANDOMLY DIVIDED GUINEA PIGS INCLUDING: sensitized animals (S, receiving normal saline, 0.5 ml i.p.); sensitized animals treated with adjuvant PC; G2F (0.1 ml i.p. for both cases); G2 (0.4 ml i.p.); and PC + G2 (receiving both PC and G) adjuvants (twice a week for 4 weeks for all groups). Sensitization of animals was done by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OA)., Results: All pathological changes in S group including the eosinophil infiltration (scoring 3.28 ± 0.28), lymphocyte infiltration (2.82 ± 0.26), local epithelial necrosis (2.71 ± 0.47) and mucosal plug (2.75 ± 0.37) were significantly higher than control group (0.64 ± 0.18, 1.36 ± 0.24, 0.36 ± 0.18 and 0.28 ± 0.18 for eosinophil infiltration, lymphocyte infiltration, epithelial necrosis and mucosal plug respectively, P < 0.001 for all cases). Treatment with all adjuvants improved all pathological changes significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001)., Conclusions: These results indicate preventive effects of all natural adjuvants (especially G2) on pathological changes of the lung in sensitized guinea pigs.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran.
- Author
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Alijahan R, Hazrati S, Mirzarahimi M, Pourfarzi F, and Ahmadi Hadi P
- Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity as well as the long-term health consequences and cognitive outcomes., Objective: Present study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran., Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted between Nov 2010 and July 2011 in all three maternal hospitals in Ardabil. All the live newborns during the study period were investigated. Of 6705 live births during the study period 346 births occurred in <37 weeks were taken as a case and 589 term neonates were taken as a control group. Data were obtained through review of prenatal and hospital delivery records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to obtain magnitude of association between independent variables and preterm birth., Results: The prevalence rate of preterm birth was 5.1%. History of previous preterm birth (OR=12.7,CI: 3.9-40.4, p<0.001), hypertension (OR=7.3, CI:2.1-25.4, p=0.002), Oligohydramnios (OR=3.9, CI:1.6-9.5, p=0.002), spouse abuse (OR=3.7, CI:1.1-11.8, p=0.024), preeclampsia (OR=3.6, CI:1.3-10.3, p=0.014), premature rupture of membrane (OR=3.1, CI:1.9-4.9, p=0.000), bleeding or spotting during pregnancy (OR=2.0, CI:1.0-3.8, p=0.037), Hyperemesis Gravid arum (OR=2.0, CI: 1.1-3.8, p=0.015), urinary tract infection in 26-30 weeks , (OR=1. 8 CI:1.0-3.2, p=0.04), diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mmg (OR=1.5, CI: 0.99-2.2, p=0.049) were determined as significant risk factors for preterm birth., Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of diseases or disorders among pregnant women especially hypertension, Oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, bleeding or spotting, Hyperemesis Gravid arum, urinary tract infection, and low diastolic blood pressure as well as the improving health care quality delivered to pregnant women may reduce preterm prevalence rate.
- Published
- 2014
49. The effect of natural adjuvants (G2, G2F) on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs.
- Author
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Neamati A, Boskabady MH, Mohaghegh Hazrati S, Khakzad MR, and Moosavi SH
- Abstract
Objective: The effects of natural adjuvants were examined on total and differential WBC counts in lung lavage of sensitized guinea pigs., Materials and Methods: In three sensitized groups of guinea pigs including: untreated sensitized animals (S), sensitized animals treated with adjuvant G2 (S+G2) and G2F (S+G2F) as well as non-sensitized group (C) (n=6 for each group), total and differential WBC counts of lung lavage were examined. Sensitization of animals was achieved by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OA)., Results: The results showed increased total WBC, eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil counts, and decreased lymphocytes in lung lavage of sensitized animals compared with the control group (p<0.01 for all cases). However, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts in lung lavage were decreased in treated groups with either G2 or G2F but total WBC was decreased in lung lavage of treated group with only G2., Conclusion: These results indicate important preventive effects of two natural adjuvants, especially G2, on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs.
- Published
- 2013
50. Alcohol consumption and violence among Argentine adolescents.
- Author
-
Pierobon M, Barak M, Hazrati S, and Jacobsen KH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Argentina epidemiology, Bullying, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Self-Injurious Behavior complications, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Violence psychology, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Population Surveillance methods, Violence statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the association between alcohol and violence among Argentine youth., Methods: Data from the 2007 Argentina Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), a nationally representative survey of middle school students, were examined using age-adjusted logistic regression models., Results: Of the 1,328 participating students aged 13 to 15 years old, 51.9% reported drinking alcohol in the previous month, with higher rates among males (p=0.04) and older students (p<0.01). Both male and female drinkers were nearly twice as likely as non-drinkers to report being physically attacked, being in a physical fight, and having thoughts about self-directed violence. Among drinkers, those who reported poor mental health, were victims of bullying, used tobacco or drugs, or skipped school without permission were approximately twice as likely as other drinkers to have engaged in violent activities., Conclusion: Public health interventions targeting violence among young adolescents should be developed in combination with alcohol education programs., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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