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BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: Risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations.
- Source :
-
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2018 Sep 15; Vol. 159, pp. 102-108. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 May 03. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) were investigated in indoor air quality of 50 beauty salons in Ardabil, Iran (2017). Ten liters of air samples were collected from each salons regarding the recommended method and analyzed by GC-FID for BTEX concentration. Also, structural and operational conditions of the salons were studied with a self-designed questioner. The results of this study show that the mean concentration of benzene (32.40 ± 26.38) higher than the recommended levels by Health Canada, ANSES and HKSAR. Among the BTEX, ethylbenzene (62.38 ± 32.37) has the most concentrations in the salons. Subsequently, the cancer risk values in different age groups of birth to <6, 6 to <21, and 21 to <81 for benzene (1.83 × 10 <superscript>-3</superscript> , 2.76 × 10 <superscript>-4</superscript> and 1.50 × 10 <superscript>-4</superscript> , respectively) and ethylbenzene (4.9 × 10 <superscript>-4</superscript> , 7.30 × 10 <superscript>-5</superscript> and 3.52 × 10 <superscript>-5</superscript> , respectively) for long time exposure were drastically higher than the recommended levels. The results showed that the benzene concentration is significantly influenced by the structural and operational conditions of type of ventilation system, area of the salons, the number of people in the salon, number of services in the salons, and while doing of bridal makeup.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Environmental Monitoring
Humans
Inhalation Exposure analysis
Iran
Middle Aged
Occupational Exposure analysis
Risk Assessment
Young Adult
Air Pollutants analysis
Air Pollution, Indoor analysis
Beauty Culture
Benzene analysis
Benzene Derivatives analysis
Toluene analysis
Xylenes analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1090-2414
- Volume :
- 159
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29730403
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.044