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The research was aimd to know the attitudes of General Sciences Department students in the College of Basic Education towards electronic tests (e-tests). To achieve the aims, the researcher adopted the descriptive research method. She had chosen the research sample using a classism random method from students of the Department of General Sciences in the College of Basic Education. The sample included (120) male and female students. A research tool was designed, which was (the attitude scale). After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale, the final draft of the test included (25) items according to the five-point Likert scale. It was applied to the sample, and its data was collected and statistically analyzed using the softwares Microsoft Excel and SPSS programes. The results showed that students' attitudes were positive towards e-tests, and that the general arithmetic mean amounted to (3.461) and falls within the sample's (agree) attitude. Based on the results reached by the research, a set of recommendations were made; the most important one is to exploit students' positive attitudes towards e-tests in enhancing their application in universities, implementing infrastructure development programs, providing free Internet networks, taking a look on the experiences of advanced countries and benefiting from universities' use of modern technology and its applications. The researcher presented a number of suggestions such as conducting similar research to find out the attitudes of school students and teachers towards e-tests and a comparative study between the effect of using electronic tests and the effect of using paper-pencil tests on student achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous studies on the impacts of climate change in developing economies, scarce research focuses on these spatial effects in the internal regions of these countries. To shed light on this concern, this study aims to analyze the spatial effect of climate change on regional economic disparities in the context of Benin. The secondary data are extracted from the World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal and a Beninese local finance database covering the period from 2010 to 2019. A random-effects panel model and a dynamic spatial Durbin model of endogenous growth are used. The results reveal that, in the absence of spatial effects, average temperature reinforces economic disparities by 4.4 points within regions. A one-point increase in precipitation increases economic disparities by 0.001 points. The spatial model reveals both short- and long-term positive spatial externalities. Thus, a one-point positive variation in precipitation in neighboring regions leads to a 0.005% increase in a given region’s own revenue per capita. Similarly, a one-point increase in precipitation in a given region induces a 0.004% rise in own revenues in neighboring regions. Damage caused by climate change in one area encourages positive economic dynamics in neighboring areas. These spatial interactions reinforce economic differences and maintain economic disparities between Benin’s regions.

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Europe experienced a period of scientific advances in various fields. This is associated with the results of numerous surveys, discoveries, accidental finds, and scientific research, contributing to the appearance of scientific societies and new disciplines. In the field of history, the incredibly rich but little-known ancient architectural, archaeological, and written heritage attracted the attention of many researchers. This resulted in the collection of ancient antiquities, gradually forming a whole direction of scientific research – classical archaeology. The Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory of Lviv University (1905) became the main centre of the development of classical archaeology in Eastern Galicia (Eastern Halychyna, now – western Ukraine). The first classical archaeologist from Lviv was Professor Karol Hadaczek. After his tragic death and the beginning of World War I, the Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory was divided into two independent departments. Classical archaeology was headed by Edmund Bulanda, with whom the entire development of interwar Lviv classical archaeology is inseparably linked. E. Bulanda’s greatest legacy was his students (K. Michałowski, K. Majewski, I. Starchuk, E. Kulczycki), who, after the war, led entire areas of scientific research in Polish universities and made a significant contribution to the study and increasing public awareness of the classical heritage.

The status of gender equity at universities is often evaluated via statistical data such as the proportions of women faculty members and students. However, given that women are still a minority in decision-making positions while gender parity has been achieved in most countries for students, simply increasing the proportion of women alone is not enough to ensure a truly gender-neutral (gender bias-free) academic climate on campuses, i.e., continuous efforts are required to create an environment that promotes the active participation of women. In particular, when the environment for cutting-edge advanced research in STEM fields is considered, despite the necessity for a gender perspective in science and technology innovation, the establishment of a gender-neutral academic climate has yet to be achieved. To solve this problem, a new indicator that accurately and quantitatively reflects the status of the gender-neutral academic climate on campuses is urgently needed.On the basis of this idea, this paper proposes a new method for quantitatively assessing the gender-neutral academic climate at each school/division/department of a university by analyzing scholarly output by gender. We created a bubble chart called the Academic Gender Equity Index (Academic_GEI), which consists of scholarly output and the proportion and absolute number of women faculty members, and used it as an indicator of human resource initiatives for gender equality within disciplines. We conducted a survey using this methodology in several countries (Japan/USA/EU). The Academic_GEI, along with other existing indicators, can be used to foster a gender-neutral academic climate for the next generation.

This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the Planning Department, Monitoring as well as Evaluation (DPME) in South African's Government Department. DPME is one of the South African Government establishments, brought in the year 2010, with the aim to ensure continuous improvement in service delivery in South African government department through performance monitoring and evaluation. Planning, monitoring, and evaluation are some of the finest ways to make sure a project is carried out according to the plan and produces the desired results and effects. As previously mentioned, The purpose of the Department of Planning, Monitoring, and Assessment is to enable, affect, and promote efficient planning, monitoring, and evaluation of government programs targeted at enhancing outcomes, the impact on society, and the delivery of services. The focus of this article will be on the water supply, which is a common municipality service delivery in particular municipalities. Qualitative research approach will be employed. Data gathering will be based on yearly reports, observed reports on the water supply in the localities, and even quick conversations with the locals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the role of the Kazan school of history and ethnology in the development of Professor P.V. Denisov’s views and professional expertise. Kazan University is the alma mater of numerous notable Chuvash researchers. Many studies on the Chuvash people were performed within its walls, particularly by N.V. Nikolsky, V.K. Magnitsky, I.Ya. Yakovlev, N.I. Zolotnitsky et al. P.V. Denisov, who rose to prominence as a scholar and lecturer within the scientific and educational centers of Kazan, carried on their work with great merit. Here, his collaborations with Kazan colleagues and his substantial contributions to the advancement of ethnology and pedagogy were analyzed. Based on the analysis, several conclusions were drawn. P.V. Denisov dedicated his life to promoting science and mentoring further generations of highly qualified and skilled historians and ethnologists. His academic and pedagogical endeavors were mostly connected with I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, where he taught historical and ethnographic disciplines, as well as established and headed the Department of Archaeology, Ethnography, and Regional History. Throughout his life, he published 120 scholarly works and supervised 20 holders of candidate and doctorate degrees in history. He was proud to be an alumnus of Kazan University and always maintained friendly and professional ties with his colleagues from Tatarstan. P.V. Denisov’s heritage and achievements have become deeply ingrained in Russian ethnology and pedagogy. His influence and ideas live on in the memories of his students. The obtained results hold both scientific and practical significance, shed light on the history of ethnology in the Volga–Ural region, and provide valuable material for studying and sketching the lives of famous Kazan University alumni.

During the test at the session, the student (extramural student) expands his knowledge and skills. When checking the work performed in the presence of the teacher, the latter, if necessary, can additionally talk with the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the third part of the article, the main historical events in dates, facts and personalities of the formation and development of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the time Ukraine gained independence in 1991 and until now are considered in chronological order. The most important achievements of the scientists of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who were awarded the State Prizes of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, as well as the prizes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after outstanding scientists of Ukraine -- V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky, S.I. Subbotin. In the early 1990s, in the conditions of complex social transformation, there was a significant quantitative reduction in personnel potential, but the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine managed to get out of the crisis. At the expense of internal reserves, the network of its institutions and scientific units was reorganized. After the declaration of Ukraine's independence, a number of academic institutions were created as part of the Earth Department of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 1996, the Ukrainian flag was raised in Antarctica -- Ukraine, according to an agreement between the British and Ukrainian governments, officially took possession of the "Faraday" research station, which became the property of Ukraine and received the name "Akademik Vernadsky" . Information provided regarding the Targeted comprehensive programs of resource-oriented scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: "Mineral resources of Ukraine and their extraction" (2004-2008), "Comprehensive bio-resource, hydrophysical and geological-geophysical research of the marine environment, promising oil and gas structures and mapping of the distribution of gas hydrates in the water area of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov" (2007-2009), "Strategic Mineral Resources of Ukraine" (2009-2015), "Comprehensive Assessment of the State and Forecasting of the Dynamics of the Marine Environment and Resources of the Azov-Black Sea Basin" (2010--2012), "Comprehensive Monitoring, Assessment and forecasting the dynamics of the state of the marine environment and the resource base of the Azov- Black Sea basin under conditions of growing anthropogenic load and climate change" (2013-2015), "Mineral and raw material base of Ukraine as the basis of state security" (2016-2020), "Critical and strategic mineral resources of Ukraine under the conditions of globalization and climate change" (2021-2025). In a difficult time for the country, scientists of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the conditions of war continue their activities aimed at maintaining the functioning of the branches of the economy of Ukraine, monitoring the state of the environment and ensuring counteraction to the aggressor and adverse natural phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising length of stay and inpatient boarding in emergency departments have directly affected patient satisfaction and nearly all provider-to-patient care metrics. Prior studies suggest that ED observation has significant clinical and financial benefits including decreasing hospitalization and length of stay. ED observation is one method long employed to shorten ED length of stay and to free up inpatient beds, yet many patients continue to be admitted to the hospital with an average hospital length of stay of only one day. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether vigorous tracking and provider reviews of one day hospital admits affected the utilization of ED observation and whether this correlated with significant change in rates of admission from observation status. Between September 2020 and May 2021, in a tertiary care hospital with an annual ED volume of 55,0000, chart reviews of 24-h inpatient discharges were initiated by two senior EM faculty to determine perceived suitability for ED observation. Non-punitive email reviews were then initiated with ED attending providers in order to encourage evaluation of whether these patients would have benefitted from being placed into observation. We then analyzed ED observation patient volumes and subsequent admission rates to the hospital from ED observation and compared these numbers to baseline ED observation volume and admission rates between September 2018 and May 2019. A total of 1448 reviews were conducted on 24-h discharges which correlated with an increase in utilization of ED observation from 11.77% (95% CI [11.62, 12.31]) of total ED volume in our control period to 14.21% (95% CI [13.84, 14.58]) during the study period. We found that the overall admission rate from ED observation increased from 20.12% (95% CI [18.97, 21.26]) baseline to 23.80% (95% CI [22.60, 25.00]) during the same time periods. Our data suggest that increasing the total number of patients placed into observation by 21% correlated with a relative increase in admission rates from ED observation by 18%. This would suggest that our efforts to potentially include more patients into our observation program led to a significant increase in subsequent admission rates. There is likely a balance that must be struck between under- and over-utilization of ED observation, and expanding ED observation may be an effective solution to hospital boarding and ED overcrowding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotic resistant infections were responsible for the deaths of 1.27 million people, with an overall 4.95 million deaths associated with complications from resistant bacterial infections globally. Aim: This study determined the antibiotics; aztreonam (ATM), meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IMP) resistant Gram negative bacteria from inpatient department in FMC, Birnin Kebbi. Methods: Thirty (30) samples from different fomites in the inpatient department were aseptically collected using swab sticks. Streak plate technique was used to characterize and identify the bacterial isolates, then disc diffusion technique was employed to check the resistance pattern of the isolates to the antibiotics as in EUCAST guidelines version 12.0. Results: The biochemical technique further confirmed the occurrence of; Escherichia coli (E. coli) (35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), Klebseilla pneumonia (20%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (15%). On the antibiotic resistance screening, E. coli and A. baumannii were found multi-drug resistant (MDR) to the antibiotics. The remaining isolates show resistance to the antibiotics except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were found sensitive to MEM and IPM respectively. Conclusion: Bacteria isolated are highly drug resistant to the antibiotics. The need for routine environmental sanitation, proper personal hygiene among the hospital participants, drug repositioning and molecular assay for rapid detection of MDR bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the authors raised the problem of reduction of geometry-graphic training departments in Russian universities, which for the last 16 years amounted to about 1/3. The reasons for this situation are considered, among which should be emphasized the lack of highly qualified personnel of higher qualification, capable of leading scientific schools in the profile of geometric-graphic training departments. It is proposed to activate the work of the departments of geometry-graphic training on training of scientific-pedagogical staff of higher qualification in postgraduate and doctoral studies. It is also proposed to fix for engineering specialties at the level of the state standard the necessary labor intensity and more stringent requirements to the staff conditions for the implementation of the basic professional educational program with regard to the disciplines of geometric-graphic training of students.

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Europe experienced a period of scientific advances in various fields. This is associated with the results of numerous surveys, discoveries, accidental finds, and scientific research, contributing to the appearance of scientific societies and new disciplines. In the field of history, the incredibly rich but little-known ancient architectural, archaeological, and written heritage attracted the attention of many researchers. This resulted in the collection of ancient antiquities, gradually forming a whole direction of scientific research - classical archaeology. The Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory of Lviv University (1905) became the main centre of the development of classical archaeology in Eastern Galicia (Eastern Halychyna, now - western Ukraine). The first classical archaeologist from Lviv was Professor Karol Hadaczek. After his tragic death and the beginning of World War I, the Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory was divided into two independent departments. Classical archaeology was headed by Edmund Bulanda, with whom the entire development of interwar Lviv classical archaeology is inseparably linked. E. Bulanda's greatest legacy was his students (K. Michałowski, K. Majewski, I. Starchuk, E. Kulczycki), who, after the war, led entire areas of scientific research in Polish universities and made a significant contribution to the study and increasing public awareness of the classical heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second part of the article, the main historical events in terms of dates, facts and personalities of the formation and development of the institutions of the Department of Earth and Space Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR from its foundation in 1963 to Ukraine's independence in 1991 are listed in chronological order. The course of events related to name changes is given: Department of Earth and Space Sciences (1963-1972), Department of Earth Sciences (1972-1980), Department of Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry (1980-1983) and Department of Earth Sciences (1983-1991). Considerable attention is paid to the significant contribution of the specialists of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in eliminating the consequences of the largest technogenic and environmental disaster that occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. It is considered the most important achievements of the institutions of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in the period of formation and active development. In particular, scientific substantiation of the search for industrial oil and gas accumulations in the crystalline foundation of the sedimentary basins of Ukraine, volcanic and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of Transcarpathia and the Dnipro region, in the zones of active water exchange on the regional monoclines of Precarpathia, the Black Sea region. The doctrine of the formation of deep fault structures has been developed, and a technique has been developed for forecasting of combined traps of hydrocarbon accumulations in deep-seated Devonian and Carboniferous horizons of the Dnipro-Donetsk Basin. Significant results were obtained regarding the geological structure of the earth's crust and the upper mantle of the lithosphere within the framework of international projects during regional seismic research within limits of Ukraine, Southeast Europe and India. The general regularities of the structure are established for various geostructures: shields, platforms, depressions, transition zones from continents to oceans, deep-sea depressions, structures of the ocean floor. The theoretical principles, methods and technical means of remote ocean research using artificial Earth satellites were developed, and the country's first system for collecting, transmitting and processing information about the ocean's physical fields was created. This is a kind of report of the most significant events and facts from the life of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and personal information and scientific achievements of the members of the Academy elected in the considered period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the stereotype logistic model, this study examines the determinants of doctoral graduate's satisfaction with their overall doctoral programme experience in Italian universities. The dataset used (Istat 2019) covers a representative sample of national and international graduates for the graduation years 2012 and 2014 including more than 80 academic institutions and 14 disciplinary areas. The detailed questionnaire allows investigation of various aspects of satisfaction with the doctoral experience, framed by the two broader constructs of the role of the supervisor and that of the department. Regression results show that the dominant factors are related to the support for career development beyond the doctorate and to certain aspects of the supervisor's role. Of less importance are research facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1974, the number of entomology-specific courses or subjects available at Australian universities, including the University of Queensland, has plummeted. Today, discussion of the status of tertiary-level entomological education tends to be a lament, as older entomologists view with appreciation the depth and diversity of their own educational experiences. I will attempt to contextualise the university-level changes and examine ways of ensuring entomological education continues to move forward. Undergraduate education is unlikely to go back to the comprehensive practical skills basis that was prevalent in the late 1900s: such skills will be obtained in higher degree research or in employment. We need to acknowledge that education is becoming more about helping students manage and contextualise information than it is about lecturing to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid antigen testing (RAT) is a cost-effective and time-efficient method of identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and therefore a critical part of infection control strategies. There is no published evidence evaluating the use of RAT during the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic for asymptomatic patients or its performance between waves. All patients presenting to an Emergency Department over a two-week period without COVID-19 symptoms were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using both the Abbott Panbio RAT as well as the gold standard reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Abbott Panbio RAT sensitivity was 13% (95% CI 0.028, 0.336) for asymptomatic patients. The use of this test in asymptomatic patients during the Omicron wave had a statistically significant reduction in sensitivity compared with two reports of the same test in previous waves (13% vs. 86%, p < 0.0001; 13% vs. 83%, p < 0.0001). As SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate, the sensitivity of RATs are altered and needs to be continually re-evaluated for each variant of concern if they are to be used as part of an infection control strategy.

On November 19, 2022, the production facility manufacturing of biotechnological substances for women's reproductive health was opened at the Zavod Medsintez LLC in Novouralsk. In 2018, Zavod Medsintez LLC, together with IVFarma LLC, has launched industrial-scale operation of the first Russian follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) drug Primapur® for infertility treatment within the framework of in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol. Primapur® shows high efficiency, safety and quality not inferior to international analogues. The launch of the new department will substantially increase the capacity and production scale not only of Primapur®, but also other Russian medicines for reproductive health. Moreover, it is also able to provide a decent import substitution and access to world markets.

The study aimed to determine the problems experienced in political science and public administration education and suggestions for its solution in line with the views of undergraduate students of the faculty of economics and administrative sciences' department of political science and public administration in Aksaray University. The research was conducted descriptively according to qualitative research method, case science and single case pattern. From the non-probability sampling types, the purposeful sampling method was used. Thirteen students determined from the fourth-year students of the department of political science and public administration of the faculty of economics and administrative sciences formed the participant group. Observation and interview and document review were used as data collection tools. Data were collected with semi-structured interview questions. The data obtained in the research were coded in the Maxqda 2022 program, categories based on codes and themes based on categories were reached. According to the participants, there are problems arising from their own learning in the department; from the education plan and program; from the course content and presentation; from the course supervisor and exams, and from employment after graduation, and there are some suggestions for solving these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emissary foramina are the small foramina that transmit the valveless emissary veins connecting the extracranial veins with the intracranial veins. Occipital emissary foramina usually transmit the occipital emissary vein; this vein connects the suboccipital venous plexus with the occipital sinus. There are variations in the number and location of these foramina which deserves special importance during surgical procedures. Objectives: To evaluate the number and location of the occipital emissary foramen in dry adult skulls. Materials And Methods: The study was performed on 150 adult dry human skulls of unknown sex available at the department of Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. The occipital bones were observed with the magnifying lens for the presence, number, and location of occipital emissary foramina. The skulls with broken occipital bone were excluded from the study. The presence of foramen was confirmed by passing the probe through it. Results: The occipital emissary foramen was present in 45/150 (30%) skulls. In 2 skulls the foramen was located on the external occipital protuberance. In 2 it was located on the right side of the external occipital protuberance. In 4 it was located on the left side of the external occipital protuberance, in 8 it was bilateral and in 6 it was on the external occipital crest. Rest 23 solitary foramina were near the foramen magnum. Conclusion: The dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa is tightly adherent to the periosteum of the skull and cannot be stripped easily. Due to this reason, there might be a chance of massive intermittent bleeding from the bone or from the dura or from the dural sinus during the surgical procedures of the posterior cranial fossa which has to be taken care of. The knowledge of the presence, number, and location of occipital emissary foramina becomes very essential to avoid unexpected massive intracranial bleeding during neurosurgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research seminars are a staple within biology and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments across academic institutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic institutions across the U.S. had to rapidly transition courses, research programs, and other events from in-person to virtual environments—and departmental research seminars were no exception. We explored the perceptions of biology department seminar speakers and organizers regarding the benefits and challenges they experienced in the virtual format. We asked three primary research questions: (1) What challenges and benefits do invited seminar speakers in biology departments perceive regarding presenting seminars in the virtual environment? (2) What challenges and benefits do organizers of biology department seminars perceive regarding organizing seminars in the virtual environment? (3) How did biology department seminars change during the transition from an in-person to virtual format? In total, 39 seminar organizers and 90 seminar speakers completed surveys focused on their perceptions of virtual seminars. Using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, we found that numerous benefits and challenges are perceived by seminar speakers and organizers regarding virtual seminars. Speakers and organizers perceived similar benefits of virtual seminars including accessibility and diversity, while perceived challenges included the loss of professional networking opportunities and academic community. There was overwhelming consensus from speakers and organizers alike that virtual departmental seminars are professionally and academically valuable. However, while speakers’ chief motivator was in furthering their own networks, research collaborations, and research visibility, organizers primarily valued their own students’ or trainees’ career development as well as their own departmental community. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential benefits of continuing virtual seminars outside of the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from an equity perspective while also highlighting issues that must be addressed by organizers and attendees to ensure seminars retain their value.

Objective: Today, the websites of the departments in universities serve as a showcase for potential students. Studies examining the web pages of universities, faculties and departments have increased especially in recent years. In our study, the contents of the websites of anatomy departments (AAD) in medical faculties in Turkey were examined. We aimed to create a guide for AAD and other departments in medical faculties who want to prepare a website or reorganize their existing websites. Methods: The websites of 90 anatomy departments were included. Results: While three of the four sites had a website belonging to the AAD one was only a website of either the basic medical sciences or the academic staff of the medical faculty. About half of the websites had a general introduction and 11 websites (12%) had information on body donation, the readabilities of which were of medium difficulty. Four out of 10 sites had links to the pages related to the list of faculty members and their academic information. Approximately one in three websites had various tabs. 67.7% of websites had links to the pages with academic information of faculty members. There was no photo of the lecturer in one out of three websites. Conclusion: Faculty members' e-mail addresses were available on most websites. Texts on body donation should be designed with an easier readability. As a result, we hope that our study will give an idea for AAD that do not have a website yet or want to improve their website.

Objective: Renal infarction (RI), which is caused by sudden cessation of renal blood flow, is a rare disease. In this study, we planned to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with renal infarction in the emergency department. Material and Methods: Patients over the age of 18 who presented to the emergency department with abdominal/flank pain, nausea, and vomiting between 2010 and 2021 and were diagnosed with acute renal infarction in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography were included in the study. The data of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as laboratory results of the patients, were recorded. Results: A total of 38 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 61.8±18 years and 63.2% (n=24) were male. The most common complaints of the patients were abdominal pain (84.2%), flank pain (68.4%), and nausea-vomiting (50%). More rarely, patients complained about chest pain, dyspnea, and fever. Acute renal failure developed in 4 patients (10.5%). While only three (7.9%) of the patients had no known disease, the others had comorbidities such as hypertension (31.6%), ischemic heart disease (31.6%), previous thromboembolic events (31.6%), diabetes (26.3%), cancer (23.7%), heart failure (21.1%), and atrial fibrillation (18.4%). The most common cause of RI was cardioembolic events (44.7%), followed by hypercoagulability (28.9%), renal artery damage (15.8%), and idiopathic causes (10.5%). Conclusion: Acute RI is a disease that is rarely detected in the emergency department. Because there is a lack of specific clinical findings, it is often overlooked or diagnosed late. Delay in diagnosis can significantly cause morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of acute RI should be considered especially in patients with a high risk of thromboembolism and who present to the emergency department with complaints of unexplained abdominal or flank pain.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the management activities of Empress Catherine II during the reign from 1762 to 1796.Objective: to analyze the organizational activities of Catherine the Great, aimed at reforming the entire system of state and local government of Russia.Conclusion: experience, an active life position and the results of the state building of Catherine II indicate that women can be not only guardians of the family hearth, but also successful leaders, as evidenced by the numerous positive assessments given to her by well-known and respected Russian historians and foreign statesmen.

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the paper it is proposed the methodological toolkit for a strategic plan development of research divisions that is illustrated by the example of the Department of the Ukrainian Research Institute. The result of using the methodology is the development of a roadmap for further development of the research divisions that has determined strategic directions and concrete indicators for monitoring achievement of goals. It is used PESTEL-analysis, Porter's Six Forces of Competitive Position Analysis, ranking method, SWOT-analysis. In the paper it is proposed Internationalization -Application Matrix for research activity analysis and for Department's strategic scenarios development. The main finding of the article is that using the proposed methodology we have revealed the strongest aspects of the Department's activity that are national and international theoretical research, and also national applied research in the field of seaside regions' sustainable development. The further strategy scenario should be aimed at the strengthening of international applied research through such activities as membership in international organizations and editorial boards, publications in media abroad, foreign internships, international grant project implementation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Era of globalization, sea transportation gave rise to crewing companies to look for ship crew resources to perform crew replacements order to get quality crews to work on ships. To expedite these activities, the company has taken every step to ensure replacement crew activities run well and optimally. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods, with data collection using questionnaires, observations, literature studies, and documentation so the data can be processed using quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed the cause of declining crewing department performance was due the non-optimal replacement of ship's crew, and how to deal with it was evaluated for each implementation. Crew changes must be made according to the position and experience of the crew itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social integration (SI) plays a critical role in doctoral students’ success. However, SI experiences could differ depending on the characteristics of students and their programmes. The study investigates differences in the SI of doctoral students at Russian universities and identifies the main groups at risk who have more difficulties with SI. To achieve this, the study utilized data from a cross-institutional online survey of doctoral students conducted in 2021 on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A total of 4,454 doctoral students from 249 universities responded to the survey. Findings from the study indicate international students were less socially integrated in terms of having more friends and having problems interacting with others, either in person or remotely. Generally, no clear and significant difference was observed between their experiences and all aspects of social integration analysed in the study. Secondly, international doctoral students (IDS) are divided into groups (groups with low SI scores and groups with high SI scores) and compared them in terms of their subjective assessment of their chances for defence during the normative period of their studies and their overall satisfaction with the doctoral programme. The results for both variables revealed significant differences between IDS and varying degrees of SI. Significantly, the IDS group with a higher SI score reported high chances of defending their dissertation within the normative period of five years. The study concludes by suggesting that that activities that foster informal communication should be implemented and standardized within all departments in Russian universities to properly absorb all doctoral students into the social and academic cultures of their universities.

Copyright of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) is the property of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Universidad de Oriente, since its foundation in 1947 in the East of Cuba, with particular characteristics that were due to the historical context in which an educational process began that was distinguished from the one that already existed in Havana, printed and has represented a model of education that gathers a founding history and a set of figures that represent it. 75 years after its foundation, this paper has the fundamental objective of analyzing the particularities of the foundation process and development of the Department of Marxism-Leninism of the Universidad de Oriente (provision of services). A journey is made from the foundation of said department in the 1973- 1974 academic year, to its current conformation, going through some of the debates that are held about Marxism today. For its development, it is based on a bibliographical search and the methods: inductive, deductive and historical-logical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesAfter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged, there has been a substantial decline in emergency department (ED) visits. However, the impact of the pandemic on pediatric ED (PED) visits has not been well discussed. This study aimed to compare the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PED visits before and after the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsData of pediatric patients admitted to the PED between February 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into two groups: 1 year before the COVID-19 pandemic (group 1) and 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak (group 2). Basic demographics, clinical characteristics, triage levels, categories of diagnosis at PED, disposition, and hospitalization rates (wards and intensive care units) were further analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring the study period, 48,146 pediatric patients were enrolled (30,823 in group 1, and 17,323 in group 2). PED visits represented a 43.8% annual decline. The most common diseases in the PED in group 1 were infectious diseases, whereas digestive system diseases were the most common diseases in group 2 (both P < 0.001). In group 2, shorter PED observational time, longer hospital stay, and higher admission rates were noted compared to those in group 1 (all P < 0.001).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of respiratory system diseases and infectious diseases sharply decreased in the PED, whereas the proportion of digestive system diseases relatively increased. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the nature of PED visits and we should pay more attention on digestive system diseases and the rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and overall mortality.

Latifah, 2020, Overview of the Sense of Belonging of Students in the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Ushuluddin Adab and Da'wah at IAIN Langsa. Based on the researchers' assumption, there is a diversity in the level of the sense of belonging that BKI Study Program students have. This is because there are differences in their reasons for participating in activities that support study programs, maintaining the facilities provided and so on. The objective of this research has to describe the sense of belonging of the students of the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program, the Faculty of Ushuluddin Adab and Da'wah IAIN Langsa. Researcher used a descriptive quantitative research method approach which was carried out to BKI Study Program students as many as 63 people with a measurement scale technique using a scale constructed from belongingsess theory by Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary. The results showed that BKI Study Program students have diversity in the sense of belonging. But overall, the average score obtained is 68.21, it shows that BKI Study Program students have a high level of sense of belonging.

The article examines the organizational staffing and financing of the Department of Military Settlements from 1835 to 1857 in a specific historical study. Research methods. An important aspect of the methodological basis is the use of general scientific methods as historical method and elements of the statistical method (coverage of staffing and funding of the Department of Military Settlements of the considered period); and special-historical method as problem-chronological (consideration of the dynamics of events in chronological order analysing the formation of the Department of Military Settlements and its development). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article, for the first time and on the basis of legislative acts comprehensively examines the historical experience of the Department of Military Settlements of the Ministry of War which was one of the important administrative structures during 1835-1857 in the Russian Empire. It has been found that the organization of the Department of Military Settlements was divided into two periods: 1) 1835–1843 and 2) 1843–1857. Conclusions. The establishment of the Department of Military Settlements of the Cavalry during the reign of Emperors Mykola I and Alexander II in the structure of the Ministry of War was a natural requirement of the time, due to the need of increasing efficiency and mobility of management of the cavalry military settlements. The analysis of the organizational structure of the staff list of the Department of Military Settlements shows that since 1843 the powers and responsibilities of the staff have been expanded, management structures have been modernized, and funding has been increased. The activities of the Department of Military Settlements had a systemic and structural structure of all management levels; the division of functions and responsibilities was clearly regulated by law.

Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire Colonial et Impériale is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerundium is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the origins and development of the Department of Tourism, created during the administration of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927-1931). The Department of Tourism falls under the Ministry of Development and originated within the context of the Tourism Promotion Law of 1929; its powers were directed towards the promotion and inspection of tourism activities. It is argued that the creation of the Department of Tourism is framed in a strategic vision of the State of Chile that understands the tourism as a central economic activity, way for the modernization of the country and source of fiscal revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of School Administrators is the property of School Administration Research Association, R.O.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article the features of organization of the system of supplementary education in Russian universities in the conditions of modern reality are considered. Among them are the accelerating shift of professions, the concept of "long life learning", the digitalization of all spheres, including education, as well as a stable segment of the programs of professional education in the educational portfolio of a university is needed for its of sustainable competitiveness. As an example, there are proposed some perspective forms of organization of educational and scientific process which are new for the Russian practice of managing education. One of these forms could be an educational-scientific center in a university as a union of the departments and research units in the relevant subject area, structurally separated from the classical forms of faculty and completely different from it. The last one is classically managed individually, collegially or on the basis of linear-functional approach, especially in Russia. The education & science center of Management in the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics is given as an example. It is a really successful division of the university, which has a confidently leading position in the internal rating system for KPI and a stable portfolio of orders for research and vocational programs for the corporate segment, which ensures the implementation of financial plans and guarantees the sustainability of a university’s budget. The article provides generalized practical recommendations for building the processes of development, promotion and implementation of vocational programs, taking into account the differentiation by basic target groups of consumers (students), diverse technologies for their training and creating basic versions of the educational products.

Resumen: En una mayoría de países, la educación médica es una especialidad médica más y preside la vida académica en el grado, el posgrado y en la formación continuada. Pero la situación en España es muy mejorable. Aunque existe un creciente interés en la educación médica como disciplina o especialidad, la mayor parte de las facultades de Medicina españolas no disponen de una unidad o departamento de educación médica que se encargue del avance de la disciplina. Algunas facultades han dispuesto una unidad, cátedra, departamento o centro de estudios, adscrita o independiente a la dirección del centro, a veces sin relación orgánica alguna con el proceso de formación. En este artículo describiremos por qué creemos que estas estructuras son necesarias, su utilidad, así como sus funciones y el alcance de sus actividades. Analizaremos la situación actual en España con el ánimo de promocionar la creación de estas estructuras en todas las facultades de Medicina. Igualmente, repasaremos los mecanismos de los que se ha dotado a la formación especializada en el posgrado para dar respuestas a sus necesidades de formación. Abstract: In a majority of countries, medical education is one more medical specialty and presides over academic life in undergraduate, graduate and continuing education. But, the situation in Spain is very improvable. Although there is a growing interest in medical education as a discipline or specialty, most of the Spanish faculties of Medicine do not have a unit or department of medical education, which is in charge of advancing the discipline. Some faculties have arranged a unit, chair, department or study center, attached or independent to the management of the center, sometimes without any organic relationship to the training process. In this article we will describe why we believe these structures are necessary, their usefulness, as well as their functions and the scope of their activities. We will analyze the current situation in Spain with the aim of promoting the creation of these structures in all the faculties of Medicine. We will also review the mechanisms that specialized postgraduate training has been equipped to provide answers to their training needs.

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gasses. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. Acute exacerbation in COPD (AECOPD) is frequent in the course of the illness and is the most common reason for medical visits, hospital admissions, and mortality among these patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the exposure and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD with COPD Assessment Test (CAT Scale) and mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea scale. Study design was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Study site was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Results The total patients were 197. Out of which, 119 were from In-patient Department (IPD) and 78 were from Out-patient Department (OPD). In this study, males were 167 (85%), among which, IPD were 97 (49%), OPD were 70 (36%), and females were 30 (15%), among which, IPD were 22 (11%), OPD were 8 (4%). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of COPD have been increased in recent years. This study concludes that there is a relation between risk of acute exacerbations in COPD with habitual history and occupational history. Increase in exposure to occupational hazards, smoking habit leads to an increase in risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients. The level of severity was more in smokers and the patients who had biomass, organic dust, and mineral exposure. When severity was observed, group D severity is more observed in population according to CAT scale and mMRC dyspnea scale.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present results of an exploratory study conducted on entrepreneurial intent among graduating class students of higher education institutions in Kafa, Sheka, and Bench-Maji Zones, Southern Nation Nationalities Peoples’ Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. The research design of the study was a cross-sectional survey design where relevant data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 347 University and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) College graduating class students. The data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics (bar graph and pie chart) and inferential statistics (chi-square goodness-of-fit test, independent samples t test, and one-way between-group analysis of variance). The study found out that among prospective graduates of higher education institutions in the study area, only 45.4–50.6% had low, 24–33.7% had moderate, and 18–25% had a high level of entrepreneurial intent. The study also showed that the level of higher education, prior experience of self-employment, and the chance of taking extracurricular entrepreneurship courses were the three demographic and other distal variables that explained the difference in entrepreneurial intent among the study population. The study, however, showed gender, the chance of taking entrepreneurship courses as part of curriculum, college, department, parent’s occupation, and level of education had no statistically significant association with entrepreneurial intent of the study population. The study is expected to hold relevant inputs to politicians and national policy-makers, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, entrepreneurial intent researchers, and model developers.

Yoshinori Tokushima,1,* Masaki Tago,1,* Midori Tokushima,1 Naoko E Katsuki,1 Shinji Iwane,2 Yuichiro Eguchi,3 Shu-ichi Yamashita1 1Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan; 2Fujioka Hospital, Saga, Japan; 3Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Masaki TagoDepartment of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, JapanTel +81 952 34 3238Fax +81 952 34 2029Email tagomas@cc.saga-u.ac.jpObjective: To investigate effects of an altered medical environment between 2010 and 2015 on viral hepatitis treatment behaviors of doctors who were not hepatology specialists.Methods: Charts of patients who were identified as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag)-positive or hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab)-positive by university hospital departments not specializing in hepatology from January to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assigned to a “referred” group or a “non-referred” group based on whether they were subsequently referred to the Hepatology Department. Age, sex, type of department visited (one of various internal medicine departments, or a different department), and blood test results were compared in the two groups.Results: Among 7,824 patients screened for HBs-Ag, 82 were positive. Twenty-nine (35.4%) had subsequently been referred to the Hepatology Department, which was higher than the 2010 referral rate (20.6%). In multivariate analysis, patients in the referred group were significantly more likely to have visited one of various internal medicine departments, and they had higher levels of platelet count and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Among 7,778 patients screened for HCV-Ab, 279 were positive. Only 33 (11.8%) had subsequently been referred to the Hepatology Department, which was lower than the 2010 referral rate (18.7%). In multivariate analysis, patients in the referred group were significantly more likely to have visited an internal medicine department.Conclusion: HCV-antibody-positive patients screened by departments not specializing in hepatology were not managed adequately in 2015. This suggests a need for education of doctors not specializing in hepatology, particularly those not working in internal medicine departments.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, referral, department

Summary When viewed from an organizational perspective, higher education institutions rely heavily on internalised decision-making and leave a minor role to the external environment. Even internally, the sub-systems (departments, sub-departments and programmes) are loosely coupled. It could be observed, with justification, that as organizations they failed to produce internal consensus on proper institutional goals. There are several situations as examples: for the purpose of this article the best example is the graduate-teaching control over programmes (introducing new, modifying others or elination of anothers).

In the 1930s-1940s Professor I. Ya. Postovsky and his students carried out scientific research work on the synthesis of sulfonamides compounds; sulfide, sulfazole, sulfatiazole were obtained. During in this period, Soviet scientists were at the forefront of a new scientific direction. During the Great Patriotic War industrial production of sulfonamide drugs was organized in pharmaceutical factory in the city of Sverdlovsk in a limited time frame, and Professor B. P. Kushelevsky developed treatment with the use of the new medicines. The lives of thousands of wounded soldiers and officers were saved thanks to the joint work of chemists and doctors. The region's first industry-pharmaceutical Institute - the Ural branch of All-Union Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute n. a. S. Ordzhonikidze - was created in military conditions. I. Ya. Postovsky laid the foundation for the further successful development of the scientific school of pharmaceutical chemistry in the Ural region.

Introduction: Departments are the major sub-system of university and quality improvement of the universities rides on the quality improvement of the departments. The researchers developed, implemented, and evaluated the appropriate components based on the results of self-assessment and external evaluation of institutional accreditation. Methods: In a case study on 32 departments of Medical Schools, based on accreditation standards, department promotion components were identified. The components were prioritized in terms of importance, measurability and viability with proper scale and weighted by the experts with a focus group. The components' validity was determined by the expert opinion and implemented in the departments after training. A valid and reliable instrument was developed for monitoring and evaluating the fulfillment of the components. Results: The components of improvement in the department performance including formulation and implementation of the operational plan, website, training areas, faculty members' viewpoints about the department leader, faculty management viewpoints on department accountability, along with a gudline for measuring these components were reached. The mean of the components was 79%. The lowest achievement was related to the component of school participation in the activities of the department and timely presentation of the operational plan (72%) as well as the achievement highest was observance of clinical education standards (92%). Conclusion: Promotion of website, operational plan, areas of education, increased faculty participation, increased order in the formation of department councils, and increased department accountability were the main results of this study. Evaluation of the department was done on the basis of the realization of the interventions as a chief factor for promoting the executive guarantee. Due to the continuous follow-up and direct supervision of the Faculty Board, the results revealed that the components were in a favorable condition.

Much has already been written about Wilken Engelbrecht’s great achievements in the field of Dutch Studies in Central Europe, especially in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The same applies to his impressive scholarly oeuvre. In this contribution we will look more closely at the significance Engelbrecht has had for (mostly younger) colleagues at the start of their academic career. Not only did he support and stimulate colleagues in taking the next step in their careers, but this fact also created many links between the departments of Dutch Studies with which Engelbrecht was associated or with which he had strong ties, namely Bratislava, Brno, Olomouc and Lublin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]