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Work-Life Balance (WLB) or Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is one of the much talked issues in the modern business arena and all the stakeholder of business world such as- employers, employees, policy makers, academicians, consumers, and the common people are concerned about it. By considering the significances of the topic the researchers have taken an initiative to examine the present status of the WLB programs/ Employee friendly policies practices in the different organizations in Bangladesh through a designed questionnaire and interviewing the supervisors and employees of some selected organizations in multiple industries. Beside this the researchers also tries to explore what are the most wanted request comes from the employees, how the organizations respond against their requests, what perceptions bear the supervisor’s and the employee’s regarding WLB and what are the barriers may organization face to implement the WLB programs. The key findings of the research point out that most of the organizations in Bangladesh don’t have any formal policy to make work-life balance but they follow some informal approaches (flexibility in time, location, & schedule, leave provisions) to facilitates the employees WLB and make them relax, confident, committed and motivated towards their works to get satisfied employees and optimum HR productivity. The study concludes with mentioning some prospective outcomes of WLB which the organization may achieve by ensuring various WLB initiatives.

The aim of the study was to analyze population-based prostate cancer (PCa) screening and the incidence of PCa among males ≥50 years of age residing in the Luqiao district of Taizhou, China. From October to December 2020, male residents ≥50 years of age were screened for serum total prostate-specific antigen (total-PSA). If t-PSA re-test levels persisted above 4 μg/L, subjects underwent further noninvasive examinations, including digital rectal examination or multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate. Subjects underwent prostate biopsy of pathological tissue based on t-PSA and mpMRI results. A total of 3524 (49.1%) residents participated in this PCa screening study. In total, 285 (8.1%) subjects exhibited t-PSA levels ≥4.0 μg/L and 112 (3.2%) underwent noninvasive examinations. Forty-two (1.2%) residents underwent prostate biopsy, of which 16 (0.45%) were diagnosed with PCa. Of those diagnosed with PCa, three (19%) had localized PCa (cT1-cT2N0M0), six (37%) had locally advanced PCa (cT3a- cT4N0-1M0), and seven (44%) had advanced metastatic PCa (M1). Unfortunately, 3477 (48.5%) residents did not participate in the study, mainly due to lack of awareness of PCa based on feedback from local health centers. Age and t-PSA were used as primary screening indicators and, when further combined with mpMRI and prostate biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of PCa among participating residents. Although this was a relatively economical and convenient screening method, education and knowledge should be further enhanced to increase the participation rate in PCa screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L. Rhoades and R. Eisenberger (2002) reported the meta-analytic finding of a highly statistically significant relation between perceived organizational support (POS) and performance but concluded that the reviewed studies' methodology allowed no conclusion concerning the direction of the association. To investigate this issue, the authors assessed POS and extra-role performance 2 times, separated by a 3-year interval, among 199 employees of an electronic and appliance sales organization. Using a cross-lagged panel design, the authors found that POS was positively associated with a temporal change in extra-role performance. In contrast, the relation between extra-role performance and temporal change in POS was not statistically significant. These findings provide evidence that POS leads to extra-role performance. Keywords: citizenship behavior, organizational behavior, perceived organizational support, work motivation, EMPLOYEES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO DEVELOP general views concerning the extent to which their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being. Organizational support theory (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, & [...]

The extant pieces of literature on discretion has mainly focused on its effect on policy implementation and public service delivery, but few studies have looked at its influence on street-level bureaucrats' work behavior, such as taking charge behavior (TCB), which is of great importance for government reforms, especially in developing and transitional countries. Based on the self-determination theory, this study examines whether and how discretion promotes street-level bureaucrats' TCB. Two studies were conducted among street-level bureaucrats in China. First, a survey experiment (n = 355) suggests that discretion positively predicts street-level bureaucrats' TCB. Then, a survey questionnaire study (n = 442) shows that discretion is positively related to TCB through the mediator of public service motivation (PSM). We concluded with implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity and pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) are major barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). In China, sexual intercourse is the most frequent route of HIV-1 transmission. However, few studies have analyzed PDR and transmission networks in detail among individuals in China with acute HIV-1 infection and their sexual contacts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China from 2019–2020. CD4 T cell counts and viral loads were assessed and a HIV-1 genotypic PDR assay was developed in-house. Transmission networks were visualized using Cytoscape with a threshold genetic distance of 0.015 among HIV-1 subtypes. Results: From 139 newly diagnosed and drug-naïve individuals with HIV-1, 132 pol gene sequences were obtained and revealed eight HIV-1 subtypes. Circulating recombinant form (CRF)01_AE was the most frequent subtype (53.0%, 70/132) followed by CRF07_BC (26.5%, 35/132), B (13.6%, 18/132), unique recombinant forms (2.3%, 3/132), CRF55_01B (1.5%, 2/132), CRF103_01B (1.5%, 2/132), CRF65_cpx (0.8%, 1/132), and C (0.8%, 1/132). A total of 47 pol gene sequences were used to generate 10 molecular transmission networks. The overall prevalence of PDR was 7.6% and that of PDR to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors was 6.1%. Of three transmission networks for PDR, two were closely associated with Beijing and Tianjin, while another was restricted to sequences determined in this study. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that during acute HIV-1 infection, PDR is transmitted in dynamic networks. This suggests that early detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment are critical to effectively control HIV-1 spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that formal mentoring support plays a vital role in protégés' creativity. The psychological mechanisms linking formal mentoring support to protégés' creativity and its boundary conditions, however, are less clear. To fill this gap, this study aims to examine how and when formal mentors exert their impact on protégés' creativity, drawing upon a self‐regulatory perspective. By using 231 ongoing mentor–protégé dyads in China, our results indicate that protégés' feedback seeking from mentors mediates the relationship between formal mentoring support and protégés' creativity. Furthermore, we found that the chronic promotion focus of protégés plays a significant moderating role in the relationships between formal mentoring support and protégés' feedback seeking from mentors, and between feedback seeking from mentors and protégés' creativity, as well as the association between formal mentoring support and protégé creativity via feedback seeking from mentors. Those relationships tend to be stronger when protégés have high levels of chronic promotion focus. Some implications for theory and organizational practices are discussed, as well as suggestions for further areas of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to combine the data available from clinical trials to assess the effects of subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration on glycemic control, weight management, and safety outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We systematically searched for phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared semaglutide with placebo or other anti-diabetic drugs in T2D patients. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the change from baseline in body weight, achievement of HbA1c targets, and clinically significant weight loss. Key safety outcomes were also assessed. Results: In this meta-analysis, 24 trials with a total of 22185 patients were included. Subcutaneous semaglutide administration reduced HbA1c levels (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.14% and −1.37%, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) and body weight (WMD: −2.73 kg and −4.09 kg, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) when compared with placebo; its efficacy was also superior to other anti-diabetic drugs in reducing HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.71% and −0.86%, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) and body weight (WMD: −2.65 kg and −3.78 kg, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively). Oral semaglutide administration was superior to placebo in decreasing HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.96% and −1.02%, for 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively). Moreover, oral administration of 14 mg of semaglutide also showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.36%) compared with other anti-diabetic drugs. Furthermore, oral semaglutide administration resulted in substantial weight loss compared with other anti-diabetic drugs (WMD: −1.53 kg and −1.73 kg, for 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively). Notably, subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration also resulted in higher numbers of patients achieving the targets of HbA1c levels and weight loss than placebo and other anti-diabetic drugs. Overall, we noted no clear evidence of detrimental effects on safety endpoints due to semaglutide treatment, except for some gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusion: Both subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration could enable the achievement of sufficient glycemic control and weight management without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, which were effective and safe for the treatment of T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the effect of servant leadership on service attitude to understand its mediation mechanism, on the basis of self-determination theory. We used valid, reliable scales to measure servant leadership and basic needs satisfaction, and a self-designed scale to measure service attitude among 160 public servant–citizen paired dyads from the Chinese Government Affairs Center. Results show that servant leadership had a positive influence on service attitude, and that the basic needs of autonomy and competence played mediating roles, but the basic need of relatedness did not. Our results affirm self-determination theory and empirically show the different roles of psychological needs satisfaction. Future research prospects and implications for civil service reforms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership ostracism widely exists in all types of organizations, yet specific study regarding this trend is limited. With this study, we explore the influencing mechanisms of leadership ostracism through case interview based on literature analysis and grounded theory. Results show that leadership ostracism is the integration of a triadic interaction process between subordinate performance, leadership characteristics, and organizational environment. Based on Padilla's destructive leadership toxic triangle model, we constructed a toxic triangle model of leadership ostracism. Through comparison, we found that these two triad models overlap in the areas of narcissism and power consciousness of supervisors, the self-concept of subordinates, and the management system of situational factors, indicating that leadership ostracism is itself a type of destructive leadership. In addition, the uniqueness, and differences in leadership ostracism are reflected in the model, including stereotypes, and results orientation of supervisors, political skills, job performance, and cognitive style of subordinates, the power distance, Chaxu climate, and organizational politics of the situational elements. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the research field that provides prospects for future orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social well-being in communities has received little research attention, particularly regarding the impact of community satisfaction on social well-being. Thus, we examined the link between community satisfaction and social well-being in the Chinese cultural context, and investigated whether sense of community mediates this relationship. We collected survey data from 572 residents living in various communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and used regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Results reveal that community satisfaction was positively related to social well-being, and sense of community played a mediating role in this relationship. Our findings provide a culture- and location-specific perspective of community satisfaction and social well-being in China and highlight the importance of social well-being in community studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career adaptability is a set of individual resources that benefit one's sustainable development in his/her lifelong careers, especially in today's turbulent environment. However, how to foster employees' career adaptability through managerial strategies and eventually contribute to organizations remains to be studied. Guided by the career construction theory, we posit a moderated mediation model that transformational leadership (TFL) could strengthen employees' career adaptability and further foster their task performance and organization-directed citizenship behavior (OCBO), with task variety moderating the mediation effect. We conducted a three-wave survey with 558 supervisor-employee dyads to test the overall model. The results validated that career adaptability mediated the links between TFL and task performance as well as OCBO. Furthermore, the mediation effect was stronger for employees who had higher levels of task variety. In short, our study offers the groundwork to understand that employees' career adaptability can be activated by transformational leaders and is self-regulatory to benefit work behaviors in the task variety context. It enlightens organizations to cultivate employees' career adaptability in the way of TFL and job design, with the objective of promoting the sustainable development for both the employees and the organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Kaempferitrinis (KF) is a bioactive flavonoid and possesses numerous pharmacological activities. However, whether KF affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. Objective: This study investigates the effects of KF on eight major CYP isoforms in human liver microsomes (HLMs). Materials and methods:In vitro, HLMs were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of KF (100 μM) on the eight human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 2C8), and corresponding probe substrates were used. Enzyme kinetic studies (0–50 μM of KF) were conducted to determine the inhibition mode of KF on CYP enzymes. Results: The results showed that KF inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2C9, with IC50 values of 20.56, 13.87, and 14.62 μM, respectively, but that other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that KF was not only a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2C9, with Ki values of 7.11, 10.24, and 7.58 μM, respectively. In addition, KF is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with KI/Kinact value of 10.85/0.036 min/μM. Discussion: The in vitro studies of KF with CYP isoforms indicate that KF has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other co-administered drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2C9. Conclusion: It is recommended that KF should not be used with other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2C9. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership ostracism denotes a severe work stressor, potentially entailing more serious negative effects than other types of workplace ostracism. However, scholars have paid relatively little attention to ostracism carried out by leaders, leaving the phenomenon insufficiently accounted for in the literature. Hence, the present study aims to explore the content and typology of leadership ostracism behavior by in-depth interviews and inductive analyses based on grounded theory, in order to give a thorough presentation and description of the leadership ostracism concept as perceived and construed by Chinese subordinates. Respondents were invited using a snowball sampling technique, and the final sample consisted of 26 individuals employed in different Chinese firms. Based on the reported experience of the interviewees, 11 concrete leadership ostracism behaviors emerged from the data. Further analyses revealed a leadership ostracism behavioral typology model reflecting five core categories, i.e., general ignoring, neglect, exclusion, differential treatment , and undermining. These findings appear to partly replicate and partly expand on previous conceptualizations of workplace ostracism, indicating that leadership ostracism may reflect a distinct variant of the phenomenon, eligible to be studied in its own right. The present study also discusses certain culture-specific aspects of leadership ostracism that can be taken into consideration in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is considered an attractive approach for the alleviation of inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation and widespread organ injury, especially that in the lung. In the present study, we explored the effects of an α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, on sepsis-induced lung injury and investigated the mechanisms of PNU-282987 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in peritoneal macrophages. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice via cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups: The sham group treated with vehicle, the sham group treated with PNU-282987, the CLP group treated with vehicle, and the CLP group treated with PNU-282987 (1 mg/kg) 1 h before or 2 h after surgery. All mice were sacrificed at 12 or 24 h after CLP. Both pre- and post-CLP treatment with PNU-282987 significantly attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury and the release of IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pre-treatment with PNU-282987 also inhibited sepsis-increased TNF-α and IL-6 production, while post-CLP treatment only inhibited IL-6 production in the lung tissue. Neither pre- nor post-CLP treatment with PNU-282987 affected IL-6 release in the serum. Furthermore, pretreatment with PNU-282987 resulted in reductions in TNF-α and IL-6 release in a dose- and time-dependent manner and decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK and ERK under LPS conditions in peritoneal macrophages. Our results demonstrate that activation of α7nAChR alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury; this effect is associated with the suppression of inflammatory responses via the MAPK pathway, suggesting that α7nAChR is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work-Life Balance (WLB) or Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is one of the much talked issues in the modern business arena and all the stakeholder of business world such as- employers, employees, policy makers, academicians, consumers, and the common people are concerned about it. By considering the significances of the topic the researchers have taken an initiative to examine the present status of the WLB programs/Employee friendly policies practices in the different organizations in Bangladesh through a designed questionnaire and interviewing the supervisors and employees of some selected organizations in multiple industries. Beside this the researchers also tries to explore what are the most wanted request comes from the employees, how the organizations respond against their requests, what perceptions bear the supervisor's and the employee's regarding WLB and what are the barriers may organization face to implement the WLB programs. The key findings of the research point out that most of the organizations in Bangladesh don't have any formal policy to make work-life balance but they follow some informal approaches (flexibility in time, location, & schedule, leave provisions) to facilitates the employees WLB and make them relax, confident, committed and motivated towards their works to get satisfied employees and optimum HR productivity. The study concludes with mentioning some prospective outcomes of WLB which the organization may achieve by ensuring various WLB initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the number of international students has been increasing. These students are from different parts of the world, with Asians comprising the largest bulk and Americans and Europeans tailing behind. A stratum of the population is composed of those taking up graduate degrees. The present study probes the psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of international graduate students in the cities of Shanghai and Wuhan in China. Specifically, it examines the influence of national and institutional policies on their adaptation. Using mixed methods design, the study had 302 foreign graduate students as survey participants. Fourteen of them participated in the interviews. Correlation results showed that policies have a significant influence on adaptation. The interviews also illuminated insights on how policies have affected their adaptation in different ways. Given these findings, the study implicates the need to review and formulate policies to facilitate the adaptation of international graduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of vaginal infection caused by Candida species has considerably increased over the past two decades. Candida albicans is the main cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC); however, non- albicans Candida (NAC) species, such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis , are now frequently identified in VVC patients. Although the vaginal microbiome (VMB) was well studied in Candida albicans -associated VVC patients, the fungal influence on bacterial communities of NAC species-associated VVC and potential microbial interplay contributing to VVC pathology remain elusive. We characterized VMB via Candida albicans and NAC species-associated VVC patients, as Candida albicans (CA, n = 16), Candida glabrata (CG, n = 16), Candida tropicalis (CT, n = 4), and recruiting healthy (CON, n = 20) women as references of dysbiosis and eubiosis. The bacterial diversity of the vagina in the CG group significantly declined. Further, all VVC patients have a higher abundance of Lactobacillus iners , especially for the CG group. Meanwhile, the predicted functions in all VVC are toned which may be associated with a disruption in the bacterial network. In conclusion, according to the taxonomic analysis, we found that the vaginal microbiome in C. glabrata -associated VVC women is different from that of other Candida species-associated VVC women, implying a different pathogenesis. • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infectious disease that tends to recur. • Different Candida infections have different clinical features and recurrence rates. • Vaginal microbiome (VMB) is different among different Candida infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC3 is widely used marker for macroautophagy assays. After translation pro-LC3 is processed by Atg4 to expose C-terminal glycine residue for downstream conjugation reactions to accomplish the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. SDS-PAGE based Western blot (Wb) is generally utilized to quantify LC3-II levels where the LC3-I band migrates slower than LC3-II. We found that pro-human LC3B migrated at similar rate as LC3B-II in SDS-PAGE. The carboxyl-terminal five amino acids, particularly Lysine122 and Leucine123 of human LC3B play a major role in the faster migration of unprocessed LC3B, rendering it indistinguishable from LC3B-II in Wb assays. The unique faster migration of unprocessed LC3B than LC3B-I is also revealed in mouse LC3B, rat LC3B and rat LC3 but not in human LC3C. Our findings for the first time define pro-LC3 migration patterns for LC3 family member from human, mouse and rat species in SDS-PAGE. These findings provide a reference for pro-LC3 band patterns when Atg4 function is inhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]