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This research examines the detrimental impact of remote employees' work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) on divorce intentions for both the remote employee and spouse. Building upon the spillover‐crossover framework and relative deprivation theory, we examine the paths of spillover to the remote employee's divorce intentions, crossover influences of a remote employee's WFC on divorce intentions through the spouse (i.e., relative deprivation, resentment toward the employee's remote work, and relationship tension), and crossback of the remote employee's WFC through the spouse and back to their own divorce intentions. Surveying 311 remote employees and their spouses at two‐time points, we find that remote employee WFC predicts divorce intentions for the remote employee through the spillover path. Further, the remote employee WFC crosses over to the spouse through two different paths to impact spouse divorce intentions. Taken together, our research extends the existing WFC literature and broadens our understanding of the spillover and crossover effects through which remote employees' WFC could undermine both partners' perceptions of the marital relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there may be no difference in terms of the love, care, and bond shared between parent and child, relationships created through adoption are often viewed less favorably in our society compared with those that possess a biological tie. Integrating minority stress and family systems theories, we seek to better understand working adoptive parents' experiences and how the perceived stigma of being an adoptive parent negatively impacts a variety of work and family outcomes. Using a sample of 501 couples that adopted a child, we find that work–family conflict mediates the relationship between perceived adoption stigma and primary effects (i.e. job satisfaction and depression) as well as spillover effects (i.e. family satisfaction and parent–child bonding) for the job incumbent. Further, we find that the employee's perceived adoption stigma also has crossover effects to their spouse, negatively impacting the spouse's depression, family satisfaction, and parent–child bonding. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on remote work remains without consensus as to its benefits, with continued questions about which factors may enable it to be more beneficial to employees working remotely. Applying Conservation of Resources theory, we explore the impact of 'resource caravans' on 'work–family balance' and subsequent 'well‐being' in a sample of 446 remote workers. Our findings contribute to ongoing sociological debates by showing exactly how flexibility and control play a role in the remote workplace. Specifically, our model revealed that 'sense of control' over home was most beneficial for 'work–family balance' among experienced remote workers who had high levels of 'schedule flexibility', whereas 'work–family balance' benefited from lower levels of 'schedule flexibility' among new remote workers. Resources from the home domain were most critical for 'work–family balance', which mediated the effects of the 'resource caravan' from the home domain on overall employee 'well‐being'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does everyone around you seem to be juggling the work and family roles more successfully than you? This research examines the influence of social comparison of work–family balance in the work role overload to emotional exhaustion relationship through two paths – a spillover path to both job and family emotional exhaustion for the job incumbent and a crossover path to the spouse to their own family emotional exhaustion. Further, we examine whether the personality trait of social comparison orientation exacerbates these processes. We used matched responses over two time periods from 403 dual-earning, married couples living in the United States to test our hypotheses. We found support for all our hypothesized relationships. Social comparison plays a role in individuals' perception of work–family demands, which may contribute to undesirable consequences for both the job incumbent and the spouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given that emotional exhaustion and nurse engagement have significant implications for nurse well-being and organizational performance, determining how to increase nurse engagement while reducing nurse exhaustion is of value. Purpose: Resource loss and gain cycles, as theorized in conservation of resources theory, are examined using the experience of emotional exhaustion to evaluate loss cycles and work engagement to evaluate gain cycles. Furthermore, we integrate conservation of resources theory with regulatory focus theory to examine how the ways in which individuals approach work goals serves as a facilitator to the acceleration and deceleration of both of these cycles. Methodology/Approach: Using data from nurses working in a hospital in the Midwest United States at six time points spanning over 2 years, we demonstrate the accumulation effects of the cycles over time using latent change score modeling. Results: We found that prevention focus was associated with the accelerated accumulation effects of emotional exhaustion and that promotion focus was associated with the accelerated accumulation effects of work engagement. Furthermore, prevention focus attenuated the acceleration of engagement, but promotion did not influence the acceleration of exhaustion. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individual factors such as regulatory focus are key to helping nurses to better control their resource gain and loss cycles. Practice Implications: We provide implications for nurse managers and health care administrators to help encourage promotion focus and suppress prevention focus in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined organizational levers that impact work-family experiences, participant health, and subsequent turnover. Using a sample of 179 women returning to full-time work 4 months after childbirth, we examined the associations of 3 job resources (job security, skill discretion, and schedule control) with work-to-family enrichment and the associations of 2 job demands (psychological requirements and nonstandard work schedules) with work-to-family conflict. Further, we considered subsequent impact of work-to-family conflict and enrichment on women's health (physical and mental health) 8 months after women returned to work and the impact of health on voluntary turnover 12 months after women returned to work. Having a nonstandard work schedule was directly and positively related to conflict, whereas schedule control buffered the effect of psychological requirements on conflict. Skill discretion and job security, both job resources, directly and positively related to enrichment. Work-to-family conflict was negatively related to both physical and mental health, but work-to-family enrichment positively predicted only physical health. Physical health and mental health both negatively influenced turnover. We discuss implications and opportunities for future research. (Contains 1 footnote, 1 table, and 3 figures.)

Work-family scholars now recognize the potential positive effects of participation in one life domain (i.e., work or family) on performance in other life domains. We examined how employees might benefit from team resources, which are highly relevant to the modern workplace, in both work and nonwork domains via work-family enrichment. Using the Resource-Gain-Development model (Wayne, Grzywacz, Carlson, & Kacmar, 2007), we explored how team resources contribute to enrichment and resulting project and family satisfaction. Using multilevel structural equation modeling (ML-SEM) to analyze student data (N=344) across multiple class projects, we demonstrated that individuals with team resources were more likely to experience both work-to-family and family-to-work enrichment. Further, enrichment mediated the relationship between team resources and satisfaction with the originating domain. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

In this research, the authors test a model in which the regulatory focus of employees at work mediates the influence of leadership on employee behavior. In a nationally representative sample of 250 workers who responded over 2 time periods, prevention focus mediated the relationship of initiating structure to in-role performance and deviant behavior, whereas promotion focus mediated the relationship of servant leadership to helping and creative behavior. The results indicate that even though initiating structure and servant leadership share some variance in explaining other variables, each leadership style incrementally predicts disparate outcomes after controlling for the other style and dispositional tendencies. A new regulatory focus scale, the Work Regulatory Focus (WRF) Scale, also was developed and initially validated for this study. Implications for the results and the WRF Scale are discussed. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.)

This study investigated the influence of two role stressors--role ambiguity and role conflict--on previously established relationships between mentoring activities--vocational support, psychosocial support, and role modeling--and prominent job attitudes. Full and partial mediation models were tested with a sample of 355 proteges. Results showed that both role conflict and role ambiguity completely mediated the relationships between psychosocial support and role modeling with job attitudes. There was also support for role conflict as a partial mediator of the relationship between vocational support and job attitudes. Additional analyses revealed that psychosocial support served as a suppressor-variable in this study. Implications for future research and mentoring practice are discussed.

Based on current conceptualizations of enrichment, or the positive side of the work-family interface, a multi-dimensional measure of work-family enrichment is developed and validated using five samples. The final 18 item measure consists of three dimensions from the work to family direction (development, affect, and capital) and three dimensions from the family to work direction (development, affect, and efficiency). The validity of the scale was established by assessing the content adequacy, dimensionality, reliability, factor structure invariance, convergent validity, divergent validity, and its relationship to work and family correlates.

Utilizing sociometer theory, we examine the impact of partner psychological abuse at home on an individual's self‐esteem and the resulting effects on job performance in the work domain. Further, we propose that the respondent's ability to psychologically detach from family will buffer those effects. Using a sample of dual‐career married couples, we use the actor–partner interdependence model to test this for both individuals in the couple (176 men and 176 women) and find that psychological abuse by one's partner at home diminishes the target's self‐esteem and contributes to reduced job performance and that psychological detachment from family moderated the effect of psychological abuse on self‐esteem for men only, such that men are able to detach and buffer the effects of abuse on their job performance. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined both situational and dispositional antecedents of four ingratiatory behaviors: other-enhancing, opinion conformity, favor rendering, and self-promotion. The two situational variables (i.e., role ambiguity and leader-member exchange) and the four dispositional variables (i.e., self-esteem, need for power, job involvement, and shyness) were considered as antecedents to each of the ingratiatory behaviors. Results from a sample of 136 full-time employees suggested that each of the ingratiatory behaviors had a unique set of antecedents and that the dispositional variables explained significant additional variance beyond the variance explained by the situational variables.

Of 502 workers surveyed, 283 had mentors. Those with mentors reported significantly less work-family conflict, especially family interference with work. Mentors' support of efforts to balance work and family significantly reduced work-family conflict. Role modeling by mentors significantly reduced family interference with work. (Contains 57 references.) (SK)

Time-, strain-, and behavior-based dimensions of work interference with family and family interference with work were measured using 1,211 subjects. An 18-item scale with 6 subscales was validated. It depicts how separate work-family conflict dimensions relate to attitudes and behaviors. (SK)

Time-, strain-, and behavior-based dimensions of work/family conflict were examined for 225 workers. Each dimension had unique dispositional or situational antecedents. Negative affectivity was the strongest predictor of work/family conflict. (SK)

Summary: Integrating job demands‐resources theory (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014, 2017) and crossover theory (Westman, 2001), this study examines the differential effects of two types of work passion, harmonious and obsessive, on both employees' and spouses' prosocial behavior: organizational citizenship and family citizenship behavior. We propose that these relationships are mediated by two contrasting paths through employees' work–family enrichment and conflict, as well as their own and their spouses' work–family balance. By sampling 400 pairs of dual‐earner couples in the United States at two time points, we tested the model using structural equation modeling. Our findings supported that harmonious work passion, working through job demands‐resources theory's motivational path, increased employees' organizational and family citizenship behavior via work–family enrichment and work–family balance; obsessive work passion, working through job demands‐resources theory's impairment path, decreased employees' organizational and family citizenship behavior through work–family conflict and work–family balance. Moreover, the results supported crossover effects such that employees' harmonious and obsessive work passion had similar effects on spouses' organizational and family citizenship behaviors through employees' work–family interface as well as crossover effects of work–family balance between employees and spouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our work investigates the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) (i.e., a one-dimensional focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other organizational priorities) on employees' organizational commitment via the work-family interface as well as the crossover effects of SBLM on the organizational commitment of the employees' spouse. More specifically, we examined how SBLM contributes to work-family conflict (WFC) and impacts the experienced commitment of the dyad along three paths. We conducted two studies across three samples (Study 1, Sample A: 186 employees; Study 1, Sample B: 258 employees; Study 2: 399 employee-spouse dyads) to demonstrate the unique role of SBLM in this context and find support for the hypothesized relationships. First, the resource drain of SBLM had a spillover effect through WFC to decrease the employee's commitment at work. Second, it crossed over to the spouse to reduce their own organizational commitment due to the employee being a source of family undermining, which subsequently influenced the spouse's family-work conflict (FWC). Third, SBLM impacted the spouse such that it crossed back to contribute to decreased organizational commitment for the employee. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed as well as directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work-family paradigm is investigated in order to facilitate an individual's engagement in the social system with regards to work and family. Work-family facilitation is a multi-level process which involves an individualEs engagement in one domain, works which impacts or creates catalysts for change in another domain, family.

Summary: Using a sample of 297 working mothers across three time periods (their last trimester of pregnancy, while on maternity leave, and after returning to the workplace), we examined the role of vicarious abusive supervision, beyond their own experience of abusive supervision, on turnover intentions through experiences of maternal mental health. Utilizing the unfolding model of turnover and Conservation of Resources theory, we found that experiencing the shock event of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related negative emotions as well as postpartum depressive symptoms in working new moms. Further, this experience of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions, even after controlling for the mother's own experience of being targeted with abusive supervision behaviors. Finally, we examined the moderating role of financial dependence on this process and found that when working mothers' families were financially dependent on her job, the mothers were less likely to have turnover intentions. Implications for research and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 3 decades have passed since Hofstede (1980) collected the data used to classify countries by their underlying work-related value structures. The present study, in which recent data from 9 countries in 4 continents was collected, is a reexamination of his country classifications. The results suggest that many shifts have occurred since Hofstede's study in 1980. These shifts are related to some of the major environmental changes that have occurred., Hofstede's (1980) study is one of the most frequently cited research efforts regarding the relationship between national culture and work-related values (Bhagat & McQuaid, 1982). His research has been instrumental [...]