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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer‐related death among women. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been used as an effective method in the treatment of depression and anxiety in BC patients, and their effectiveness has been approved in various studies. Objective: The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety symptoms in BC patients and survivors. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science [WOS], ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from "October 2023" to "February 2024." The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). In this study, the randomized controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies that assessed the effectiveness of CBT, cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), and the combination of CBT with other psychological studies on depression and anxiety of BC patients and survivors were reviewed. Results: Out of the 16 included studies, six used CBT, and six used CBGT. In the other four studies, a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions was implemented as an interventional program. Among 16 included studies, 14 studies showed that CBT, CBGT, and a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions significantly decreased the anxiety and depression scores among BC patients and survivors (p < 0.05), and only in two studies, no significant effect was observed. Conclusion: As most included studies showed the effectiveness of CBT in decreasing the depression and anxiety scores among BC patients and survivors, this study strongly suggests CBT as an effective non‐pharmacological method for the treatment of psychiatric disorders of BC patients during cancer treatments and also for BC survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights fertility concerns among young breast cancer survivors, highlighting the impact of treatment on their ability to conceive. Topics include challenges such as fear of cancer recurrence during pregnancy, but also the positive psychological effects of motherhood on survivors' well-being, advocating for comprehensive support programs to address their needs post-treatment.

Aim: This study investigated the pregnancy rate, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and breast cancer (BC) recurrence status after pregnancy among BC survivors. Design: A systematic review. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science [WOS], Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database were systematically searched. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Observational studies reported the pregnancy rate, maternal and neonatal outcomes among reproductive‐aged BC survivors, and the recurrence status of BC after pregnancy were eligible to include in this study. Results: Of the 29 included studies, 13 studies were prospective cohorts or prospective multicenter or population‐based cohorts, 14 studies were retrospective cohort or retrospective population‐based cohort studies, and two studies were cross‐sectional retrospective surveys or population‐based descriptive studies. This systematic review showed that the pregnancy rate was estimated at 3.1%–48.5% among BC survivors who attempted to conceive. The most prevalent maternal outcomes of pregnancy were miscarriage (1.8%–33.3%) and induced abortion (5.0%–44%) as well as preterm birth (PTB) or very PTB (1.2%–21.1%), and twin birth (1.1%–38.8%) were the most prevalent neonatal outcomes occurring among BC survivors, respectively. In addition, most of the included studies indicated that pregnancy had no adverse effect on the status of BC recurrence among survivors. Surviving women can be encouraged and receive a carefully multidisciplinary approach regarding healthy pregnancy. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Several studies have shown that chloroquine can effectively diminish the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As such, other studies have also supported this statement, but the psychiatric side effects of chloroquine have not been taken into account. Objectives: The current study aimed to briefly review and discuss the safety of chloroquine. Evidence Acquisition: A narrative literature search on databases was carried out on studies without time limitations. A combination of the two main keywords of "Chloroquine" and "Psychiatric Side Effects" was used to search databases. A manual search was performed to find the relevant articles, and finally, 15 studies were reviewed. Data were shown in the table and then summarized by narrative synthesis. Results: The literature review revealed the pharmaceutical characteristics of chloroquine, the safety of chloroquine, and the management of chloroquine's side effects. Also, the studies showed that chloroquine had psychiatric symptoms varying from insomnia to catatonia, toxic psychosis, and suicidal attempts, as well as behavioral manifestations, including most frequently extreme irritability, restlessness, abusiveness, distractibility, pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations. Conclusions: Given the probability of a wide range of possible psychiatric symptoms following chloroquine, physicians should cautiously prescribe antiviral agents, and healthcare workers should also notice any psychiatric symptoms after administrating the chloroquine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids being bi-functional nanoparticles with magnetic properties and high porosity, were synthesized and used for drug delivery. To achieve this purpose, after Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis, a gold layer coats them to increase their stability. Then, to improve the loading capacity of Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles, a shell of porous gold was synthesized on the Fe3O4/Au surface by creating an Ag-Au nanohybrid layer on Fe3O4/Au and dissolving the metallic silver atoms in HNO3 (0.01 M). The DLS results show that the synthesized nanohybrid has an average size of 68.0 ± 7.7 nm and a zeta potential of − 28.1 ± 0.2 mV. Finally, doxorubicin (DOX), as a pharmaceutical agent, was loaded onto the Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids. The prepared nano-drug enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DOX on MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the free DOX. These results confirmed a 1.5 times improvement in the antitumor activity of DOX-loaded Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures into sensors causes remarkable advances in device operation due to sensitivity, selectivity, multiplexed detection capability, and portability. In this study, a nanographene sensor coated with gold nanoparticles and tripeptide Gly–Gly–His was designed for Cu2+ ion detection at low concentrations. Graphene oxide synthesized by the modified Hummer's method and analyzed by UV–Vis spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optimum conditions based on the maximum gold loading were evaluated 71 min for incubation time and 1 for HAuCl4/HEPES concentration ratio. Gold-coating on graphene oxide was approved by TEM, UV–vis spectrometry, XRD, and FTIR. The EDC/Sulfo-NHS method was used to stabilize Gly-Gly-His to graphene oxide-gold, which has a high affinity toward Cu. The performance mechanism of this nanosystem was based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of gold nanoparticles. The sensor was extremely selective and sensitive to Cu2+ with the detection limit of 8.83 nM without cross-binding to other metal ions. The response time was evaluated about 9 min. The GO-Au-GGH biosensor was also very stable and easily reused, which further confirms it as an efficient and sensitive Cu2+ ion detection device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinus tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension have been so far reported among the negative cardiovascular complications of antipsychotic agents. This study aimed to report a case with bradycardia induced by fluphenazine decanoate administration. The patient was a 29‐year‐old man, admitted to the general teaching hospital in Sari, Iran, with a complaint of abdominal and gastric pain as well as weight loss following 7 months of fasting based on religious delusions. The patient developed bradycardia, 36 hours after fluphenazine decanoate administration. His pulse rate was also 46 beats per min (bpm). The antipsychotic medication was thus held and the patient did not take any drugs. On the 21st day after discontinuing this agent, the pulse rate reached 70 bpm. This case report notifies that much more attention should be paid to all patients before starting fluphenazine decanoate administration, and close cardiac monitoring must be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fast spread of COVID-19 can cause some psychological disorders for men. One of the psychological disorders is paternal postpartum depression (PPD). The aim of the present research was to review studies that have investigated paternal postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: For this narrative review, databases such as Google Scholar, Scientific Information Databases (SID), Magiran, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for the full texts of published studies in the Persian and English languages in the period of 2019 to 2021. Finally, 3 articles were selected and reviewed in this study. Results: The results of this review study were classified into 3 main categories such as (1) The psychological status of men during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) The effect of paternal PPD on children's development and family psychological status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) The role of healthcare providers in the management of paternal PPD. The findings of the studies showed that paternal PPD increases the rate of child maltreatment, maternal depression, and domestic violence. The promotion of the interpersonal skills of healthcare providers with fathers suffering from depression or psychological problems is the determinant factor of successful results. Conclusions: The results showed that paternal PPD has a wide range of consequences in this pandemic. Therefore, it would be recommended that healthcare staff have close contact with families and screen fathers for paternal PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A widespread outbreak of COVID‐19 is followed by adverse effects on the mental health of the general population. Therefore, this study is an audit to investigate the activities of various organizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Methods: The aim of the study was to collect the data, the relevant officials in various organizations and units were contacted to collect the statistics of actions taken in psychology and psychiatry wards. Moreover, databases such as Google Scholar and Iranian resources were searched. Results: According to the results, different healthcare systems worked in parallel during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. For example, Mazandaran University of Medical Science [MAZUMS] Health Vice‐Chancellor performed the following activities during this crisis: establishing a virtual crisis management working group, holding a provincial educational committee to train the crisis management teams, organizing virtual psychological intervention teams in the healthcare systems, and so forth. In addition, the mental health activities by Mazandaran Welfare Organization during the COVID‐19 outbreak included providing hostelry free psychological counseling, quarantine boarding and rehabilitation centers, and providing harm prevention protocols of COVID‐19, especially for marginalized regions. In the third level of medical centers, including hospitals, consultation‐liaison psychiatry or psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, therapeutic interventions for comorbid psychiatric disorders with COVID‐19 disease, and online workshops for mental health were conducted to reduce burnout of medical staff and nurses. Conclusion: This study can provide a good guideline for different service providers by using the experiences of other centers to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hot flashes (HF) are a common symptom during the menopausal transition. It is therefore important to identify effective drugs that can alleviate HF. This study aimed to systematically review published clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the treatment of HF in healthy menopausal women. Methods: In this systematic review, articles published during 2003-2019 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar as well as Iranian databases such as SID, and Magiran were searched. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Jadad score calculation. Results: Thirty-six articles on randomized controlled trials were included in this study, out of which 27 articles had acceptable, and nine had weak methodological quality. Findings on SSRIs class of drugs indicated that escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine have higher efficacy and safety in the treatment of menopausal HF than other drugs. Studies on the effectiveness of sertraline, citalopram, and fluvoxamine are limited in number or show inconsistent results. Therefore, further high-quality studies are required to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating HF. Within the SNRIs class, venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine showed significant efficacy in the treatment of menopausal HF. However, studies on the effectiveness of duloxetine are also limited, which requires further research. Conclusion: Most studies have indicated the efficacy and safety of some antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, in decreasing the frequency and severity of HF. These drugs are therefore recommended for the treatment of menopausal HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare providers in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross‐sectional survey was performed on healthcare providers selected through the convenience sampling method from April 6 to May 19, 2020, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, a self‐report web‐based questionnaire made up of a sociodemographic characteristics information form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was distributed. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test (χ2), and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were accordingly practiced to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Of 1343 healthcare providers, 45.8% and 73.0% had moderate physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, respectively. The logistic regression model similarly demonstrated that anxiety caused by COVID‐19 was significantly correlated with the age ranges of 41‐50 (P =.007) and 51‐60 (P =.014) years as well as male participants (P <.001). In addition, the prevalence rates of depression and stress were, respectively, reported by 35.1% and 27.8%. There was correspondingly a significant relationship between depression and age as well as stress and gender. Conclusions: It seems that healthcare managers need to focus more attention on psychological aspects in healthcare providers during this pandemic and plan to teach them about coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess 3(HCWs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: A total number of 7626 HCWs were included in this web‐based cross‐sectional study, via the convenience sampling technique. To collect the required data, the sociodemographic characteristics information form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21), and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) were also employed. In addition, data analysis was performed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 24), as well as descriptive statistics, Chi‐square test (χ2), and univariate/multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The CDAS results revealed that 47.9% and 70.5% of the HCWs had experienced moderate levels of physical and psychological anxiety, respectively. Based on the DASS results, 44.8%, 43%, and 34.8% of the HCWs had been subjected to depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic, respectively. The logistic regression models correspondingly showed that depression among the HCWs was significantly correlated with risk factors, such as the age groups of 20–30 years (p =.001), 31–40 years (p =.006), female HCWs (p>.001), history of physical illnesses (p =.004), and history of psychiatric disorders (p>.001). Moreover, factors including the age groups of 20–30 years (p <.001), 31–40 years (p <.001), 41–50 years (p <.001), female HCWs (p>.001), history of physical illnesses (p <.001), and history of psychiatric disorders (p>.001) were assumed as significant predictors of anxiety in these individuals. Besides, factors such as the age groups of 20–30 years (p =.002), 31–40 years (p =.004), female HCWs (p>.001), occupation (p =.016), history of physical illnesses (p <.001), and history of psychiatric disorders (p>.001) could significantly predict the prevalence rate of stress in the HCWs in times of this crisis. Conclusion: Given the importance of mental health status among HCWs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, health administrators and policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran are suggested to provide psychological screening and supportive care programs for HCWs with the aim of enhancing their mental health and successful coping with critical circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Despite the noticeable advances in sexual dysfunction (SD) research in the menopausal period, scientific literature showed different reports on the prevalence of SD in the menopausal stages. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analysis the prevalence of SD in the different menopausal stages and then meta-analysis the included studies in domains of SD separately. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, keywords were retrieved through MeSH strategy and databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID (Scientific Information Database), Magiran, and Google scholar were searched. Manual review of retrieved citations identified additional citations. The quality of the included studies was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcome measure in this study was the prevalence of SD in three stages of menopause such as pre, peri, and postmenopause. Results: Of 54 included studies 81,227 menopausal aged women from different menopause stages participated and the sample sizes varied from 49 to 31,581 individuals. The articles from 17 countries worldwide were included in this study. The prevalence of SD in premenopausal aged women was ranged between 22.7% and 72.2%, in perimenopausal aged women, was 37.3–78.2% and also in postmenopausal aged women was extremely reported a wide variety of prevalence ranges and was estimated between 8.7% and 89.01%. The premenopausal women had a lower prevalence of SD compared to other stages of the menopausal period. Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of SD and also domains of SD in different studies were reported much widely. This study can be used as a good resource for obstetricians to understand the high possibility of recurrence of SD and assess the sexual activity of menopausal aged women in the menopause clinic. However, based on the systematic review, more standard and high-quality studies are needed to perform regarding the prevalence of SD in menopausal periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Cancer diagnosis and its therapeutic methods can lead to considerable psychological problems and decrease the levels of hope in patients. Due to the considerably important multidimensional effects of hope on the life of patients with cancer, this study aimed to assess the effect of psycho-socio-spiritual strategies on the hope level of patients with cancer. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, electronic databases were searched including Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (ISI), Ovid, and Scopus. Those articles published between 1978 and 2020 were retrieved and assessed through the abstract and full-text appraisal. Finally, 74 articles were included in this study. Results: Psycho-socio-spiritual strategies for affecting the hope level of patients with cancer were classified as follows: (1) psychological interventions (psychotherapy, counseling, coping skills training, stress management training, crisis management, individual or group supporting therapy, hope therapy, and psychoeducational interventions); (2) social interventions (social and family support intervention); and (3) spiritual interventions (logotherapy, religion therapy, and praying). Conclusions: Due to the chronic nature of cancer disease, in addition to the important role of pharmacological treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, considering non-pharmacological approaches such as hope-fostering interventions for these patients is essential and can lead to a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the fear of childbirth (FOC) and failure to provide painless delivery in Iran, the prevalence rate of elective cesarean section (C-section) performed on request by pregnant women is on the rise. However, no systematic review assessing the results of studies in this respect has been thus far developed. Objective: To systematically review published psychological intervention research reflecting on FOC in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Wiley, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database were searched to retrieve the relevant studies. Manual searches were performed to find the relevant articles and finally 21 intervention studies were reviewed. Results: Based on the modified Jadad Scale, a methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tool, 14 and 7 studies had acceptable or good and low quality, respectively. The included articles covered fear, fear of childbirth, pregnancy, and psychological intervention in Iran. Cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, psychological counseling, childbirth preparation classes (CPCs), mindfulness programs, and psychoeducation had been also practiced as the main types of psychological interventions for reducing FOC in pregnant women. Conclusion: There was no clear evidence to establish the most effective method for minimizing levels of FOC in pregnant women. Based on the assessment tool and since most of the studies had moderate or low quality, conducting standard and high-quality randomized controlled trials focusing on FOC in pregnant women is of most importance in Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the predictive role of meaning in life on the general health among medical sciences students. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: Four‐hundred medical sciences students were selected by proportional to size sampling. The general health questionnaire and the personal meaning profile were administrated to identify the predictive role of meaning in life on the student's general health. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were administrated. Results: The mean ± SD of the total score of general health and meaning in life among students was 16.34 ± 6.73 and 71.50 ± 9.78, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, factors such as father's educational level, and meaning in life can predict a 20% variance of general health among university students. As meaning in life thus emerges as a variable worth further in the health of university students, implementing interventional studies to assess the effect of meaning in life on students' general health is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are prescribed widely for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders. Although antidepressants are considered as a safety drug category but unexpected cardiovascular events have been reported as the most serious complications. The aim of this study was to introduce a case presentation on bradycardia due to the drug interference of venlafaxine and cyclosporine. Case presentation: The patient was a 38-year old woman diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus 5 years ago, who was admitted to a general educational hospital in northern Iran due to intensified rheumatologic symptoms and complaining about abdominal pain. Cyclosporine tab were administered to the patient, 50 mg twice daily. Two weeks after the administration of cyclosporine, the level of blood cyclosporine was checked. The patient became bradycardic after starting a single dose of venlafaxine (heart rate 52 ppm). Cardiac assessment showed no reason for bradycardia and it subsided after a drop of venlafaxine. Conclusion: As a result of the potential adverse drug interactions between cyclosporine and antidepressants such as venlafaxine, physicians should be aware of the possibility of bradycardia in the simultaneous prescription of these drugs in cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of dedicating toxicity of cadmium nanoparticles (CdNPs) against invasive breast cancer, with minimum damage to surrounding healthy cells, CdNPs were coated with albumin nanocarrier by nanoprecipitation method and named CdNPs@BSA. The characterization was done by TEM image, DLS and UV-Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy of the CdNPs@BSA against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231 cells) was examined by MTT assay. Apoptosis, as the mechanism of cell death, was verified by inverted microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The role of ROS generation in apoptosis was also studied. It was found that the resulted CdNPs@BSA (diameter of 88 nm and zeta potential of about −18.85 mV) was suitable for penetration in tumour micro vessels. In the form of CdNPs@BSA, the 77% of the secondary structure and almost all of the tertiary structure remain intact. Comparing to CdNPs, CdNPs@BSA could significantly suppress the MDA-MB 231 while they were less toxic on WBCs. Therefore, they could be a brilliant candidate to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent against invasive breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although there is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients in general medical hospitals, they have remained undiagnosed in some cases. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the psychiatric disorders comorbidity of patients in two general medical hospitals in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Imam Khomeini and Bu Ali Sina general university hospitals, in Sari, Northern Iran, and included 1,688 patients from different wards of these hospitals. Data were collected via a demographic questionnaire. Results: With regard to frequency distribution, according to age group and gender, the most consultations (393; 23.3%) were in the 20 - 29 year's age group and 935 (55.4 %) cases were female. The highest number of consultation cases had been referred from the emergency wards (34%), followed by the neurosurgery (14.2%) and internal medicine wards (14.2%). Psychological assessment was the most common reason for requesting a consultation (26.8 %). In addition, the results indicated that mood disorder (22.3%) was the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: In order to improve the trend of psychiatric diagnosis in general hospitals, psychiatric liaison staff should be trained in multiple consulting roles, and must improve their skills in addressing inpatient and outpatient treatment. Moreover, other nonpsychiatric physicians should increase their knowledge of attitude toward and psychosocial aspects of medical disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: As the mostcommonpsychiatric disorder associated with menopause, depression is associated with significant morbidity and mortality consequences. Given the importance of identifying risk factors of depression in the menopausal period, this study aims to determine bio psychosocial risk factors of depression during the menopausal transition. Evidence Acquisition: For this narrative review, electronic databases including Google Scholar, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched. Articles published between 1978 and 2017 were retrieved, and an abstract and full-text appraisal was conducted. A total of 71 articles were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria included articles focusing on depression in menopausal-aged women that were published in scientific journals and English and Farsi language articles conducted in menopausal aged women. Results: The bio psychosocial risk factors of depression were divided into three major categories: biological, psychological, and social risk factors. Conclusions: Given the important role of psychological health in menopausal-aged women, it is recommended that mental health andrisk factors of psychiatric disorders inmenopauseare evaluated atmenopauseclinicsandthat every high-riskwomanis referred to a psychiatrist for pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: These days, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed and used antidepressants. Serotonin syndrome is a potentially fatal complication with hyper-serotonergic situation. Its symptoms result from over activation of the central and peripheral receptors caused by high serotonin levels. The use of SSRIs is associated with the frequency of syndrome. Hyponatremia is one of the side effects of SSRIs, especially in elderly patients. The mechanism by which SSRIs cause hyponatremia is thought to be secondary to the development of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Patients with hyponatremia secondary to SIADH have been reported with fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, and citalopram. There are very few reports about the concurrent incidence of serotonin syndrome and hyponatremia. Case Presentation: The patient was a 66-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis. She was treated with a fixed dose of fluoxetine and buspirone addedwith theamountof 15mgper day. The patientwashospitalized 8 weeks withsymptomsof confusion, lack of insight into timeandspace, inability to stand and walk, continuous involuntary tremor, uncoordinated and uncontrolled movements of arms and legs, hyperreflexia, and mydriasis. She also showed severe hyponatremia in the experiments. She was admitted to an academic general hospital in Iran on 2014. Based on the clinical findings, taking buspirone aside fluoxetine, as well as old age of the patient, she was diagnosed with serotonin syndrome. Treatment was carried out after discontinuation of fluoxetine and buspirone, restriction of fluid therapy, as well as prescription of sodium chloride 5%, cyproheptadine, and diazepam. Conclusions: Consumers of SSRIs are at a higher risk of hyponatremia compared to those taking other antidepressants, especially if they are simultaneously treated by diuretics. Hyponatremia and SIADH need to be considered if a patient experiences disorientation receiving SSRIs. Physicians should be aware of the probability of acute hyponatremia and serotonin syndrome secondary to SSRIs in simultaneous use of fluoxetine and buspirone with diuretics. Moreover, physicians should note that serotonin toxicity is dose-dependent rather than idiosyncratic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a new nanocomposite that would have high cytotoxicity against invasive breast cancer cells and minimum side effects on normal cells. Methods: An albumin nano-carrier for delivery of CuNPs was developed. The ACuNPs formation was characterized by TEM, DLS and UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy of the ACuNPs against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) and normal cells (MCF-10A) was compared using a standard MTT assay. The mechanism of cell death induced by ACuNPs was considered by inverted and fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis. The effects of compounds on ROS generations in MDA-MB 231 cells were also studied. Results: It was found that the resulted ACuNPs with a diameter of 62.7 nm and zeta potential of about -10.76 mV, are suitable for extravasation into tumor cells. In ACuNPs, the 90% of the secondary structure and almost all the tertiary structure of albumin remained intact. Comparing to CuNPs, ACuNPs could significantly suppress the viability of cancer cells while they were less toxic on normal cells. Compared with the untreated cells, the MDA-MB 231 cell line showed higher levels of ROS production after treatment with ACuNPs. The increase in ROS production after 24 hours indicated that ACuNPs induce apoptosis. Conclusions: The ACuNPs characteristics such as intact structure of albumin, high toxicity against cancer cells comparing to normal cells and apoptosis induction as the mechanism of cell death, revealed that this nanocomposite is a good candidate to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent against invasive breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pseudocyesis is a psychopathological clinical syndrome in which a non-pregnant woman firmly believes herself to be pregnant and manifests many symptoms and signs of pregnancy. Although the exact etiology of pseudocyesis has not been determined. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the biopsychosocial view to pseudocyesis. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search in electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted between 1943-2016 to retrieve pseudocyesis related articles. For this purpose, 1149 articles were collected and 66 items were used. Results: Findings were classified into 2 main categories: a) pseudocyesis etiology, which could include (biological psychological factors and psychiatric disorders, and social factors); and b) pseudocyesis management. Conclusion: Pseudocyesis results from a multidimensional group of factors, and a holistic and comprehensive approach should be taken to its treatment. Cooperation between gynecologists and psychiatrists would likely be useful in addressing the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites was synthesized for the first time by thermal decomposition of a natural complex involving Mn(NO 3) 2 , Co(NO 3) 2 and cochineal powder. Cochineal powder was dissolved in water and two aqua solutions of Mn(NO 3) 2 and Co(NO 3) 2 were added to it. The reaction of Co2+ and Mn2+ with functional groups of cochineal produced a stable complex. With heating this natural complex, MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites were successfully obtained. MTT cytotoxicity assay was conducted to determine the anti-cancer effect of the MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites synthesized against 4T1 cell lines. The mechanism of cell death was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods, DAPI staining, flow cytometry. To know the effect of the MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites on oxidative stress, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using the H 2 DCF-DA assay. The results show that, the MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites significantly reduced the survival percentage of the 4T1 cells of the murine invasive breast cancer with IC 50 of 2 mg/ml. The dominant mechanism of cell death was apoptosis, along with an increase in cellular oxidative stress. Therefore, the nanocomposites synthesized here can potential be used as a chemotherapeutic agent against invasive breast cancer cells. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites has been synthesized by assistance green cochineal dye for the first time. • MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites were characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD and VSM. • For the first time the anticancer of MnCo 2 O 4 /Co 2 Mn 3 O 8 nanocomposites nanoparticles against 4T1 cells lines. • MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed to determine the antiproliferative effect against 4T1 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology (ART) is accompanied by fetal and maternal outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the relationship between ART and maternal outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, the electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database were searched for maternal outcomes reported from 2010-2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies was used to assess the methodological quality of studies. Results: A total of 3362 studies were identified by searching the databases. After screening abstracts and full-text reviews, 19 studies assessing the singleton pregnancy-related complications of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were included in the study. The results demonstrated that singleton pregnancies conceived through ART had higher risks of pregnancy-related complications and adverse maternal outcomes, such as vaginal bleeding, cesarean section, hypertension induced by pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, and premature membrane rupture than those conceived naturally. Conclusion: In conclusion, an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes was observed in singleton pregnancies conceived by ART. Therefore, obstetricians should consider these pregnancies as high-risk cases and should pay special attention to their pregnancy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physician empathy is one of the fundamental factors involved in patient care and it can enhance the therapeutic effects of patient-clinician relationships. Attachment is defined as the tendency of human beings to make strong affectional bonds with some specific people. Objectives: This study are aimed to examine the possible relationship between secure and insecure attachment style with physician empathy among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 medical students and residents at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2015. All participants voluntarily participated in this study and an informed consent was obtained. Data analysis was done through completing two questionnaires, including the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Professionals Version (JSPE-HP) and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis and analyzed in SPSS (v. 18). Results: The highest frequency (n = 137; 51%) was related to individuals in the age range of 21 - 25 years. The empathy score of all students was 99.99. Among 268 participants, 76 (28.4%) and 192 (71.6%) students represented secure and insecure attachment styles, respectively. Married students had higher empathy scores than single students (P = 0.056). Nostatistically significant difference was found in the mean empathy scores by gender (P = 0.305) and different years of studying (P = 0.883). The mean±standard deviation of empathy score in psychiatry residents was 113.4 ± 16.24, which was higher than the residents of other fields. Also, our results revealed no significant difference between the empathy scores in individuals with secure and insecure attachment styles (P = 0.945; 95% CI: -3.883 - 3.620). Conclusions: Evaluating empathy in the educational courses of medical students, as future physicians, can offer valuable guidelines to improve the mental health of students and help them have a good relationship with patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertility has been recognized as a stressful clinical condition, significantly affecting couples' emotional functioning. Objective: To investigate the relationship between coping/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress (ISD) in infertile participants. Materials and Methods: Atotal number of 240 infertile participants (120 women and 120 men) who attend the Outpatient Infertility Clinic in Sari, Iran between February and October 2017 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic variables. In addition, coping and attachment styles were evaluated via the Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale by Collins and Read (1990); respectively. Ultimately, the Infertility Distress Scale was used to assess ISD. Results: The mean ISD score was 42.53 ± 9.63. Secure and insecure attachment styles were observed in 37.9% and 62.1% of the cases, respectively. There was a significant difference among ISD and different groups of attachment styles (p = 0.001) and emotion-focused coping style (p = 0.021). However, no significant relationship was found between problem-focused coping style and ISD (p = 0.985). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between coping/attachment styles and ISD, it was recommended to implement stress prevention and coping education within the framework of coping/attachment theories for infertile individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunosensors based on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), have recently demonstrated significant improvements in the sensitivity of capacitance detection. Herein, a novel type of highly sensitive, compact and portable immunosensor based on a gold interdigital capacitor has been designed and developed for the rapid detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). To improve the efficiency of antibody immobilization and time-saving, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2-mercaptoethylamine film was coated on IDEs. Afterwards, carboxyl groups on primary antibodies were activated through 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and were immobilized on amino-terminated SAM for better control of the oriented immobilization of antibodies on gold IDEs. In addition, gold nanoparticles conjugated with a secondary antibody were used to enhance the sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor exhibited the sensitivity of 0.22 nF.pg ml -1 , the linear range from 5 pg ml -1 to 1 ng ml -1 and the detection limit of 1.34 pg ml -1 , at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.

With the aim of making specific targeting of silver nanoparticles as a drug for tumor cells and developing new anticancer agents, a novel nano-composite was developed. Albumin coated silver nanoparticles (ASNPs) were synthesized, and their anti-cancerous effects were evaluated against MDA-MB 231, a human breast cancer cell line. The synthesized ASNPs were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted, florescent microscopy and also by DNA ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis; the results revealed that the cell death process occurred through the apoptosis mechanism. It was found that ASNPs with a size of 90 nm and negatively charged with a zeta-potential of about -20 mV could be specifically taken up by tumor cells. The LD 50 of ASNPs against MDA-MB 231 (5 μM), was found to be 30 times higher than that for white normal blood cells (152 μM). The characteristics of the synthesized ASNPs included; intact structure of coated albumin, higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells than over normal cells, and cell death based on apoptosis and reduction of gland tumor sizes in mice. This work indicates that ASNPs could be a good candidate for chemotherapeutic drug.