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Elements of mission command can be found in successful styles of leadership both in military and in business environments, as it is based on empowering subordinates or employees to make decisions, encouraging their confidence and creativity to solve problems/achieve objectives. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential advantages and drawbacks of applying this concept to the field of defence resources management, by analysing the common areas between these approaches. The research hypothesis is that the concept of mission command can be approached as a management process aimed at achieving clearly identified objectives, similar to the processes of project management, programme management, or defence resource management in general. The paper uses qualitative research methods, based on the analysis of existing specialised literature regarding the concept of mission-based command, the concept of defence resource management, and on an exploratory research, based on unstructured interviews with specialists in the two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the procedure of managing public procurement contracts for sustainable agricultural products from the public entities perspective (with reference to setting criteria for selecting the suppliers, contract management, etc), but also from the perspective of the selling companies (from drafting the tender to products being delivered). The research is based on data processed by Eurostat (2012-2021), but also on information taken from the Romanian Electronic Public Procurement System (2018-2022). The analyses in the paper concern indicators such as: the procurement of agricultural products from Romania, and at European level the organic production of animal products, the number of processors of sustainable agricultural products, etc. In conclusion, since the public institutions buy large quantities of agricultural products, but the market for sustainable agricultural products is restricted, a global strategy for rethinking the public procurement in this area is clearly required. The work is relevant both for the contracting authorities with respect to the management of public procurement for agricultural products, but also for the companies with respect to the business management of public contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The aim of the paper is to compare the performance of economic researchers in Austria, Romania and the Visegrad 4 (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) using performance indicators of researchers from the Scopus and SciVal databases. In the comparison of countries, Austria is included as a benchmark country, while the other five countries represent the countries of the former Eastern bloc. In the study, the definition of an economic researcher is based on indicators that can be obtained from databases. The study focuses first on the statistical properties of the indicators and then groups' researchers from countries using these indicators. Purpose of the article: Paper pursued two goals. First, by presenting the relationships between the data obtained from the Scopus/SciVal databases, to present the most important key indicators, then to group the researchers with the help of the analyzed indicators, and to compare the publication performance of the chosen countries. A researcher is considered to be an economic researcher in the study whose at least thirty percent of the published articles in the SCImago database are in the subject areas of Business, Management, and Accounting and Economics, Econometrics, and Finance. Methods: Three methods were used to perform the study. First, principal component analysis, multicollinearity analysis with variance inflation factor (VIF), and partial correlation analysis were performed using the correlation matrix. Second, using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ranking procedure, researchers from each country were ranked using indicators. Finally, the distribution of ninths and tenths of ranked researchers was analyzed for each country. Three data sets were used for the analysis. A representative sample proportional to the population of a country, followed by the principle known in team sports that each country nominates the same number of athletes, and finally a dataset of all selected researchers. Findings & value added: The first most important result can be stated that the stochastic linear relationships that can be described with the three data sets are very similar, the causal relationships are also the same. Based on the principal component analysis, the indicators can be divided into two groups: the component consisting of raw data and the component consisting of reference-based variables. In this case, too, the three datasets resulted in the same groups of variables. Of the eight indicators, two proved to be collinear: all references and the Hirsch index of all publications. A comparison of researchers from countries showed that economic researchers in Austria perform best, and researchers from other countries only follow in each dataset. The results are similar; it is difficult to rank between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to identify the methods of promoting agritourism pensions, especially in the field of agritourism pensions in the area of the Apuseni Mountains. Aspects regarding the structure of the promoting way of the agritourism pension are systematically presented according to the development region, the gender and the age of the pension owner. At the same time, the paper evaluates the connection between the promotion on the Internet according to the development region and the classification category of the agritourism pension. It was also necessary to evaluate the link between promotion by participating in tourism fairs organized at regional, national level and the development region. The main research tool, that was the basis for this study, was the questionnaire applied to 110 managers of agritourism pensions in the Apuseni Mountains area. The data presented in the paper fully represent the answers given by the managers of the agritourism pensions mentioned above. Following the analysis, it was found that the most used and useful method of promotion, agreed by most managers is promotion with the help of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this opinion paper we investigate the effects of forest management on animal and plant biodiversity by comparing protected areas with intensively and extensively managed forests in Germany and in Romania. We want to know the extent to which differences in diversity of Romanian compared to German forests are based on management. The number of tree species was not different in protected and managed forests ranging between 1.8 and 2.6 species per plot in Germany and 1.3 and 4.0 in Romania. Also herbaceous species were independent of management, ranging between 13 species per plot in protected forests of Romania and 38 species per plot in German coniferous forest. Coarse woody debris was generally low, also in protected forests (14 to 39m³ ha-1). The main difference between Romania and Germany was the volume of standing dead trees (9 to 28m³ ha-1 for Romania), which resulted in larger numbers of forest relict saproxylic beetles independent of management. Large predators (wolves, bears and lynxes) are only found in regions with low human intervention. Thus, we identified a "cut and leave" type of management in Romania, in which clear-felling of forest are followed by long periods of no human intervention. Forests managed in the "cut and leave" mode contained the highest diversity, due to a natural succession of plant species and due to habitat continuity for animals. In Germany intensive management eliminates poorly formed tree individual and species of low market value during stand development. Forest protection does not ensure the maintenance of more light demanding key species of earlier stages of succession unless competition by shade-tolerant competitors is reduced through disturbances. We compare the economics of intensive and extensive management. The "cut and leave" mode delivers less wood to the wood market, but saves expenses of tending, thinning and administration. Thus the net income could be quite similar to intensive management at a higher level of biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that forest protection per se does not yet ensure the maintenance of species. Clear-felling followed by natural succession may even be superior to the protection of old growth forests, regarding biodiversity. Further research is needed to substantiate this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to carry out a detailed and complex study on the possibility and opportunity of applying total management to the boarding house Frații Jderi in Păscoia, Vâlcea County using a modern research methodology and perfectly adapted to the proposed topic. First of all, the tourist potential of the area, represented by the richness and beauty of the natural and anthropic tourist resources, was analyzed very well from all points of view. Also, data were collected on the position and accessibility in the area, the architectural style of the pension which is one adapted to the specifics of the area with a perfect fit in the beauty and harmony of the local landscape. At the same time, the main indicators that define the application of total quality management in the "Frații Jderi" holiday village and which reflect the evolution of the rural tourism activity as: accommodation capacity, number of arrivals in boarding house, number of overnight stays in boarding houses were realistically and pertinently analyzed. Along with them, other indicators were approached: indicators of tourist demand, indicators of tourist circulation, indicators of tourist offer, indicators of the quality of tourist activity. At the end of the research, it was found from the processing of all data, that the administrator and staff working in the pension apply a management that fully respects the principles of total quality, because almost all indicators analyzed have grown steadily from year to year, significantly exceeding average values national. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 and digitalization are changing the business world. While companies are optimizing their processes and adapting to the new market conditions, some entrepreneurs are pushing the boundaries by creating new organizations that are capitalizing on the digital environment or even building the technologies behind it, achieving fast, impressive results. The paper is concerned with characterizing the Romanian entrepreneurship within the digitalization and Industry 4.0 context, through the means of a semi-systematic literature review of articles and conference proceedings published within last five years, indexed in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Manual filtering, categorization and synthesis of the relevant articles were used along with co-occurrence networks built in VOSviewer. The main directions were discovered to be in six areas on the use of technology in business and two areas which were also particularly related to entrepreneurship education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a topical issue, namely the lease and concession of agricultural land belonging to the public and private domain of the state, with the pointing of the particularities of land allocation in the case study, conducted in Sibiu County. It is an extensive study based on important opinions expressed by the literature and statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics in Romania. Specifically, the scientific research undertaken aimed at studying historically and comparatively the evolution of leasing and concession contracts in our country. It highlights the steps to be followed to become a contractual partner of the two types of contracts, the procedure for carrying out and pursuing these contracts by the State Domains Agency both at national and local level. The methodology used is the case study and is based on the secondary analysis of statistical data and relevant literature. In essence, the study highlights a set of elements with a role in highlighting the most common categories of rented and leased use, efficient management of state-owned agricultural land, improving soil quality, increasing revenues to the state budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological limitations and fragility, but also the specific needs of the aging phenomenon, make seniors one of the vulnerable groups benefiting from social services and which together with social insurance benefits have as common purpose to cover the needs and risks associated with old age. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to define and present the system of social services for the elderly in Romania, and among the main objectives is to present the importance of social services for the elderly, the need for social services for seniors, but also to present the typology of social services provided to seniors. The methodology used for this work is the analysis of documents in particular of the legislation in force in Romania. The results obtained from the theoretical study highlight both the necessity of social services for seniors and their importance for ensuring the quality of life of the elderly in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aimed to achieve the management of the manure taken from five localities near the county of Iași, Romania. For this, two manure storage platforms with an area of 500 square metres will be built for its temporary storage. The platforms will serve the small farmers in this area, consisting of the platform itself and a collection basin located next to the platform, where the water from precipitation, animal urine and water for sanitising the platform reaches. Thus, this paper describes the constructive elements of the platforms, calculates the volumes of water collected from its surface and sizes the collection basin. The collection basin will have a volume of 120 m3 and has been sized to ensure a storage capacity for a period of 30 days of precipitation and all liquid fractions resulting from the composting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a literature review of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and the knowledge accumulated by Romanian foresters and researchers, covering species propagation, stand management, and vulnerability issues. As highlighted by numerous authors, black locust manifests dual features, both as an exogenous species and one that is already naturalized. The main drivers for this species' expansion in Romania is its ecological adaptability on degraded lands, fast growth, and high biomass yields, in addition to other economic benefits. Black locust plantations and coppices also offer an important range of ecosystem services such as CO2 sequestration, landscape reclamation, fuel wood, or maintaining traditional crafts in regions with little to no forest cover. Highlighted disadvantages include short lifespan, invasiveness when introduced on fertile sites, and dieback in drought/frost prone areas. The results of extensive research and studies are captured in technical norms, although aspects such as species genetics, invasive potential, and adaptation to climate change dynamics call for more research and optimizing in species management. As Romania rallies its efforts with those of the international community in order to address climate change and desertification, black locust stands out as a proven solution for reclaiming degraded lands when native species are not an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business excellence or company excellence are subjects that are increasingly being addressed in specialized economics literature and university degree courses in quality management and business management. Much debated and commented, both by the general public and by the academic circles, business excellence gains new content and different meaning, depending on context and on the subjective interpretation of those who approach the subject. In this paper I will present the situation in Romania regarding: how the Romanian firms are evaluated for the title / prize of excellence in business, the competent bodies performing the awarding events. Also, in the beginning, I will present some of the best-known approaches to business excellence developed by the above-mentioned specialists, as well as the link between these approaches and business excellence models, models that belong to Total Quality Management (TQM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to identify the ways in which visible learning can be used in entrepreneurial education, both in universities and in secondary school. Thus, the first part of the paper presents a brief introduction on the concept of entrepreneurship and the necessity of entrepreneurial education in Romania. The second part of the paper highlights the concept of visible learning as a modern and effective tool of entrepreneurial education. At the end of the paper I emphasized the role of the four variables of the scholastic activity, namely the teacher, the student, the subject and the didactic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper approaches the liquidity aspects from a banking perspective, the relationship between liquidity and banking lending, within the post crisis dynamic economic environment. After the introduction, we present in the first part, the main aspects related to the liquidity management, at the bank's activity level. The second part reflects the changing regulatory framework and the various effects for the banking system. We refer mainly to the European regulations that shape the banking system, including also the Romanian perspectives. The third part of the paper emphasizes a macroeconomic view on liquidity and banking lending mechanism. The last part represents our concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our research is to develop a floristic, phytocenological, ecological, cytogenetic, economic, syndynamic and ecoprotective study of the vegetation of the dominant grasslands of Festuca valesiaca Scleicher ex Gaudin and Agrostis capillaris L. in the North-West region of Romania. A numer of 20 phytocenological surveys were carried out in the most representative sample areas in order to find answers to the five objectives pursued. The species from the floristic inventory of the grasslands are included in the Association table according to the cenotic affinity criteria as characteristic and differential entities for the cenotaxons of the alliance, order and class. The phytocoenoses of the grasslands gathered in the association Agrostio-Festucetum valesiacae are statistically analysedin the results based on tables, histograms, dendrograms, diagrams on the distribution of species in ecological bioforms categories, phytogeographic elements, cytogenetic elements, ecological indices or factors: soil moisture, air temperature, soil chemical reaction. The succession dynamics of phytocoeneoses, the economic value and the productive potential, the sustainable and eco-protective management of the grasslands were all studied. The results thus obtained were compared with two reference papers belonging to authors who conducted more recent studies in different geographical regions. Eight conclusions were drafted in which both the results of the research and the original contribution of the authors are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building upon various models from the literature which assess the maturity level achieved by an organization at one moment in time, the paper introduces a model which helps organizations, interested in remaining competitive and achieving sustainability, to monitor and evaluate their process performance. Such as, the paper analyzes the relationships that exist among the critical components of an organization's management system at the strategic and operational level so that key drivers will become the heart of sustainable development. In particular, the paper focuses on how the organizational system influences process maturity profile of the Romanian companies. Data were collected in face-to-face structured-questionnaire interviews from 1302 public and private organizations from Romania. The dearth of empirical research examining organization process maturity in emerging countries constitutes a critical gap in the business process management literature that needs much more attention from scholars. For the purpose of this paper, a factor analysis was employed to explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed variables that determine the process maturity profile of the Romanian companies. The research results show that there are strong positive correlations between the variables examined that account for a higher level of maturity and performance of organization's processes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Flood risk assessment is an important component of risk management. Given this context, this paper aims to identify and map areas with high potential for flash-floods and flooding occurrence, at different spatial scales (from catchment to local scale), in order to estimate the flood/flooding vulnerability. The paper is based on three main methods, which were applied in the Slănic River catchment (427 km), located in the external curvature region of the Romanian Carpathians: (i) statistical analyses; (ii) determination and mapping of some indices to assess the flash-flood and flooding potential (FFPI and respectively FPI) and (iii) hydraulic modelling. The data used mainly include hydrological statistics (maximum monthly and annual discharges, flood-related data) and spatial data on catchment geographical characteristics (hypsometry, geology, soils, land use) obtained or derived from various sources (maps, aerial images, digital databases, field measurements) which were integrated into the GIS environment. The aforementioned methods helped to (i) highlight specificities of floods in the Slănic catchment (magnitude, frequency, flood waves characteristics); (ii) identify areas with high potential for flash-floods and flooding at the catchment spatial scale; (iii) assess the structural vulnerability in the Cernăteşti village, by simulating flood-prone areas for flood peaks with exceedance probability of 1%, 5% and 10%. The results could lead to a better knowledge and understanding of flood characteristics in the study area, in order to mitigate the flood risk through a more effective management, both at the catchment scale, as well as local scale (in the Cernăteşti village). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste of any kind, resulting from many human activities, is a very topical issue, both due to the increase in quantities and types (which through degradation and infestation pose a danger to the natural environment and the health of the population) and significant amounts of materials, raw materials, reusable materials and energy that can be recovered and put into the economic circuit. Waste is not only an environmental problem, but also an economic loss. The types of waste resulting from agriculture and forestry are: vegetable waste and waste from preparation; waste from manure; waste from forest holdings; used motor oils; used tires; plastic waste, including plastic packaging waste; waste from batteries and accumulators. In Romania, of the total amount of waste generated, most is vegetable waste and waste from preparation (over 90%), according to the National Institute of Statistics. Waste management must be carried out in waste recovery or disposal facilities. Thus, waste from agriculture can be managed by: recovery of organic substances - biogas plants, composting, recycling of plastic waste; recycling of scrap metal; incineration - in the case of hazardous waste (agrochemical waste, used oils); storage - in the case of waste that cannot be recovered. The EU legislation, more exactly the Waste Framework Directive creates the framework in which waste management has to implemented regarding prevention, preparation for reuse, recycling, recovery and disposals. The Directive has the duty to prevent the greatest possible generation of waste, to utilize the waste generated as a resource and to diminish to a minimum the amount of waste that reaches landfills. In this way, environmental pollution can be significantly reduced. After all, waste can be a problem or a resource only depending on how it is managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research is a case study on the analysis of the financial performance of a political party in Romania, at the end of 2020, using the strategic model for measuring the performance of the Balanced Scorecard. A review of the existing international scientific literature and case studies was conducted to define a balanced plan of performance indicators for one of the four perspectives of the BSC theoretical model, namely the financial perspective, which is common to both an economic organization and a political organization. The paper evaluates the financial activity of a political party through a computer application - BSC Designer Light, whose architecture allows customizing the theoretical model of the Balanced Scorecard on the activity of a political organization. The purpose of the scientific approach is to evaluate the result of the financial activity, quantifying the scores obtained by the analysed party for each indicator and sub-indicator defined within the financial perspective. This study can be a consistent basis for expanding research to assess the performance of a political party from an electoral or parliamentary perspective and can be a viable alternative to current methods of quantitative evaluation used by political parties in analysing the activity results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to address an important but neglected aspect of evidence-based management, how to apply actionable data to strategic decision making to support the organization in reaching appropriate decisions. This process involves connecting advocacy work with active measures to collect and interpret impact data, which are the real ingredient to help understand the big picture and make advocacy more efficient. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper presents two complementary models of intervention to better use relevant data to help management decisions, within the program team and beyond the program team. In both cases the paper attempts to identify the key factors in understanding outcome evidence in order to have better communication and help the decision-taking process. Findings -- Customizing evaluation results in order to present the information in an accessible form for various stakeholders appears to be a key factor in delivering the right message and having a successful advocacy campaign. Originality/value -- This paper reports on two complementary approaches to persuade stakeholders (program managers, or stakeholders external to the program team) to take action based on specific impact or management data delivery. The idea is potentially appropriate for any program, or project, where advocacy processes are needed to determine appropriate actions. Processing and presenting data in an actionable way is a key success factor to determine the expected management decision or successful advocacy step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the current political parties are going through a general period of erosion, there is a need to develop a system of performance indicators, applicable to the activity of political organizations, in order to evaluate the results of these entities. The research aims at analyzing effective management tools and techniques used in economic organizations and adapting them to the specific nature of the activity of political parties in Romania. To this end, a review of international literature and available case studies was conducted. The paper customizes the strategic model for measuring Balanced Scorecard performance, from the perspective of a political party, in order to streamline processes. The research aims to quantify the performance of a political party, by designing a balanced plan of indicators specific to a political organization. The proposed version of the model represents a real basis for performance monitoring and can be a viable alternative to the current evaluation methods used by Romanian political parties in analyzing the results of the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the e-learning training programs on the performances and organizational changes from the pharmaceutical sector/organization. We perform a return on investment analysis, respectively the evaluation of the investment efficiency in human resources, most of the managers considering training more of as a cost rather than an investment. We used collecting data process to determine the incidence of cost of e-learning training program. Our results show a positive return on investment (1.19 Lei) confirming international results. The present paper represents a final part (Level 5 of Phillips’ model) of a complex research made by the authors in the last years. With these results we offer a first full Romanian study case in pharmaceutical industry using data from a leader organization. This research fills a gap in the literature and highlights (not only for pharmaceutical industry but also for Romanian organizations) the necessity to measure the impact of training programs on performance and organizational changes. This is the first and complete research performed in Romania for the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting the benefits of bridging practice and theory and the need for continuous training program evaluation of the performance improvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern economies, taxes levied by governments are the most important source of government revenue. Like any other economic sector, tourism is taxed, but it also benefits from financial resources from the government. However, given its specificity, taxation implies a different approach in order to stimulate development, as long as any tax increase can lead to higher prices for tourism products. The paper aims to investigate the tax multipliers of tourism and recreational activities and the propagation effect of taxes, using the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS), applying Input-Output (IO) methodology for the year 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to study the importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism industry. Tourism is in a continuous development, both in size and content, niche tourism annually enriching its forms. The notion of entrepreneurship is associated with the new and innovative economic activity, and innovation is very broad including entrepreneurial principles. Innovation materializes in new products, new services, new raw materials, new processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting the environment and the profitability of a business are not two approaches that go always in the same direction. Therefore, all the factors involved, from suppliers, manufacturers, companies that offer various packaging solutions, to sellers or buyers or agents operating in the field of waste management, should contribute to the creation and application of sustainable and efficient solutions. This paper presents a series of aspects regarding the existing preoccupations in the modern trade regarding the achievement of the sustainability objectives. The attention paid to sustainability in the trade activity is relatively recent, that's why we tried to highlight the involvement of some important retailers acting in Romania, where the idea of sustainability becomes more and more attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis caused by the Coronavirus pandemic has had profound consequences for the country's economy and business management, especially for small and medium-sized businesses. In this context, the paper aims to briefly present the main aspects captured by different authors on the economic and social situation of small businesses in Europe and especially in Romania compared to the US, the conditions imposed by governments and the consequences of the pandemic encountered by SME management in this part of the world. Finally, it highlights the main opportunities for recovery and development of SMEs in these countries, especially in Romania, which can support the management of these businesses in the coming period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central researched element in our paper is the transparency of local budget that represent the basic component of local public finances. Local budgets, like any other budgets, are the most important tool for the management (of local governments) planning, forecasting, implementing and monitoring the results of administrative-territorial units activity, also being an appropriate tool for enhancing performance. One of the priority themes of the current government is the public administration reform, a strong emphasis being placed on its financial component. The theme of local budgets is a complex one and in this context our study examines the transparency of public information regarding local bugets. The aim of this paper is to realize a research on budget transparency in local governments from the Center Region of Romania, regarding the availability of the budget information on the websites of the county capitals. Budgets are key documents that present the priorities of governments and the process of democratizing the budget process is an essential one in the present context. The first step in achieving this is through budget transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementing enterprise risk management (ERM) is a challenge in most companies. This is an ongoing process of identifying, measuring, prioritizing and treating risks within an integrated framework in order to minimize and control them and determine appropriate strategies to protect the company's values. The objective of this paper is to present some issues on initiating major steps involved in building the risk management system based on the experience reached in European electricity companies, which are in various stages of ERM implementation. The results consist in recommendations on- the starting point calibration in relation to best practices, identifying the main sources of resistance to the implementation of ERM, determining key success factors that favour and promote change during implementation and identifying and avoiding the pitfalls of the most common elements that hinder change. The paper opens the perspective of developing a holistic and coherent methodology for ERM implementation in power sector companies of Romania, as well as some proposals to improve the legislative provisions relating to internal management control and risk management in public entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the pandemic on the provision of social services in Romania that have experienced a development only in recent years, so the institutional organization at central level contributed to the elaboration of the first legislative regulations that took into account a number of beneficiaries such as: children in difficulty, the elderly, people with disabilities, users of banned substances and victims of domestic violence. Social services are mainly aimed at people who are in an unfavorable social situation and who cannot have a basic basis for their lives or who urgently need help for other serious reasons. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on social services, with massive outbreaks being reported in all care facilities around the world, affecting not only residents, but also caregivers and visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The hereby paper represents a vocational and theoretical study, being an attempt to implement high quality management within the structures of performance sports clubs in Romania, from the perspective of a scientific managmg that can efficiently lead sports in Romania, as a E.U. member, in order to achieve high results. From the theoretical point of view, the paper promotes the high managerial strategy or challenges the modern management which links the virtues of the qualitative organizing methods of the cultural and sportive activity. From the point of the sportive structures we try to elaborate a managerial project which can lead to efficient and effective development of the activity of the performance sports clubs in Romania, based of the high experience in the district of Constanta. Methods: direct observation, method of data analysis and theoretical generalization literature, SWOT analysis, correlation method between different organizational structures from another country and from economical or social domain through comparative management. Results: According to the variables shown in the investigation field, when the observing methods validated our expectations, we passed from their analyses to their linking. The two of these merged in the method of analyses - diagnoses SWOT - directed both towards the activity of the functional managers (managers, directors) and towards the operational managers (technical directors or coaches involved in the training process). The investigation was based on the analyses of the answers of questionnaires, on the internal documentation of the clubs regarding the real situation of the material, financial and human resources, the organization programs of the sports clubs (where they existed). The SWOT analysis unearthed strong points that can be implemented that can be logistic support in the current organization of specific structures in sport from Romania, develop a network linking the different approaches to issues facing sports clubs in the current economic and social situation, especially based of E.U. effort in the crisis period Conclusions: The research was conducted in the domain of structural and procedural organization and focused especially on the sportive organizations from the county of Constanta. The scientific investigations made in this paper had as main aim the promoting of high quality management within the performance sportive clubs marked by the social and economic characteristics of the transition period of our country. Certainly, these investigations were centered on several independent variables presented in the work hypotheses which were partially confirmed because a lot of activity sectors (including performance sport) are determined or closely related to the social-economic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a basic component in a country's economy, but also in the human social whole. In this paper, we chose a hotel in Romania to implement a management improvement strategy. Hotel Rina Cerbul, is a 2 star hotel, located in Sinaia, Prahova county. Following a detailed analysis of the hotel management and the level of quality of the services offered by this hotel, a strategy was developed to improve the quality of the services provided. Regarding the establishment of the objectives of the hotel on all levels, we chose to use a more complex way of establishing all the activities carried out within the hotel in order to carry out a complex examination that would allow to fully detach its fundamental objectives. Following a general evaluation of the hotel, with the help of the EFQM model, the objectives of the strategy to improve the hotel's quality management system were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper work puts grounds and gives details of the analysis regarding the environment impact of the thermal energy management systems of the urban centers. After presenting the high actuality context, it is presented succinct the characteristics that define the system which is the object of the studied case - the thermal energy management system (TEMS) of Oradea Municipality (OM). In order to stabilize the TEMS structure it is proposed to be applied an optimization model having the function to minimize the costs of producing thermal energy (TE) from primary resources (PR) accessible in the area and having as restrictions the environment impact, as in the maximum availability of the PR. Starting with the three possible scenario for the TEMS of the urban centers (centralized, decentralized and individual) and taking into account the reality of the TEMS analysis, in the paper work are given 8 plausible options of evolution in the next 20 years of TEMS of OM. The comparative analysis of the 8 versions it is made with taking into account the following: the environmental impact evaluated by the quantity of emissions, the TE production evolution and electric energy (EE), the global price of the penalization given by the emissions, the proportion: global environment impact/ total produced energy. The results reflect clear options of evolving of TEMS and provide the specialists with an approach methodology and a way of treating the evolving of TEMS so that it can obtain the structural and functional optimization of TEMS, at the same time with reducing the environment impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian trade SMEs face a difficult period since the country's accession to the European Union due to various reasons, such as competitive pressure from large retail chains and the increased regulatory burden stemming from EU-norms. This paper analyses the situation of trade SMEs in Romania, especially relevant as they form an important body of the whole SME sector. The internal strengths and weaknesses of trade SMEs are confronted with the opportunities and threats generated by the new tendencies in European trade. Thus, the impact of Romania's integration in the EU on the management of trade SMEs is investigated. A series of five managerial options are proposed as a response to the realities in the sector: IT and internet adoption, orientation towards growth, association in clusters, outward orientation, and differentiation. Summing up, the paper combines internal and external factors affecting Romanian trade SMEs and issues some suggestions for the management of such enterprises, aimed at enhancing the efficiency of their operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rewards used in attracting and retaining students at work are a subject of interest for organizations in Romania considering the high levels of unemployment and employee turnover in this workforce segment. Our research is focused on identifying the preferences of talented young employees considering rewards that may contribute to attracting and retaining talented young employees to companies. Using a questionnaire-based survey applied on master and PhD students, the paper revealed that they are attracted by mixed offers, meaning fixed salaries, performancebased variable salaries, and personal development (career, training, evaluation). Our study is useful for researchers in the field of human resource management and for managers that design appropriate reward policies in order to attract and retain students in their pipeline of young talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management and marketing strategies for agrofood production and European distribution policies for agriculture are centered on production. EU and Romania pay huge subsidies to farmers. However, all this policies concern the first link in the chain of food production and distribution. The Romanian small farmer is stimulated to produce raw materials then to sell them at a very low price in the absence of adequate storage spaces. This can increase the value added by selling finished products. Even if it produces finished products, the small producer does not reach the consumer but an intermediary, a link in the distribution chain, as in vegetables and fruits production. In this article we propose a model to shorten and streamline the distribution chain from producer to consumer. The first strategy is to create an associative form that establishes policies regarding the production, what to produce and in what quantities, depending on the demand on the market, whether to sell unprocessed products or to make some small canned goods. The second is the realization of a price strategy, which will be realized after a research among the consumers. The third policy is to determine how the products are distributed and exactly where. The last strategy, but not least, is to create a local brand and promote it among consumers. There will also be small processing units for finished products. All decisions will be made after conducting a research among consumers, the necessary research to find out the consumers preferences regarding the price, brand and other aspects that will be the basis for realizing the policies of the associative form. One of the biggest challenges will be to convince the small Romanian producers to associate, being very well known that they do not want to associate unless they have a real motivation, which is most often financial or the safety of selling of their products. We choose an interdisciplinary approach, using both management and marketing tools due to the complexity of the studied problem, both upstream, that is production, and downstream, distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study approaches conceptual and pragmatic aspects regarding making and functioning pedagogic farms. There are thus described a series of definitions, regulations, classifications, as well as pedagogic farm utility and objectives. At the same time, there are highlighted a series of educational measures referring to the population alienation in relation to the Environment. There is underlined the importance to get closer to Nature and know the environmental problems by the contact of children and youngsters born in urban environment with animals and plants from rural space farms. In the paper there is analyzed the modality to transform a farm into an „educational farm", respectively aspects linked to the necessity of investment based on an attentive project, but also for the farmers to acquire pedagogic competences. It is described a specific pedagogy, of active and participative type, so that beyond getting a little dirty and using the five senses, children receive in fact information, learn while amusing themselves. As study objectives we mention the idea to diversify revenues, as well as modalities by which farmers may become militants convinced of their role of mediator and educator and thus they may communicate with the urban world through educational farms and position themselves as important players in the territory development. The study also lays the groundwork of the achievement of a strategy regarding the development of pedagogic farms (with corresponding legislation) in Romania too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims at bringing to the fore the role of clusters in the North-West development region of Romania, having as main actors the human resource, identifying the opportunities of industrial organizations, the degree of improvement and geographical distribution, contributing to the integration of a continuous training system as a means of development clusters with new solutions and organizations at a highly successful regional level. Data on the economic success of a region focuses on the specialization of supply, the development of key areas, providing competitive advantages, skills and qualified resources that have been gained over the past years of research. This study highlights the ability to develop a strategy for human resource development. Such research is extremely useful as it complements other previous studies on this complexity, know-how transfer, technology transfer, and knowledge management, capital investment, cluster relationships, performance, key factors in capital development human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership is a concept appeared in the second part of the twentieth century which developed later on because of the business necessity as the economic environment has become more and more complex and the classic managerial style was no more efficient. In this complex world of business, women were traditionally involved in business at the administrative level, with small chances to reach top structures in a company. Due to the modern times, they won their rights to prove their management skills and to obtain more important jobs in famous companies. This paper presents the results of a research based on interview method and getting responses from Romanian women involved in business at the middle and top management in multinational companies. The main goal of the study was to identify the main features that define the women as a leader or a manager by finding lateral thinking skills. This research revealed that most of the women interviewed have their features closer to the conventional leader and only few of them have developed strong lateral thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is considered an engine of economic growth, but the process is threatened by several traps due to (i) its complexity, (ii) resources requirements, (iii) associated risks, (iv) specific connections, and (v) inherent interests. To counteract these potential dangers, the actors involved in the three spheres of the Triple Helix (industry, academic, government) must cooperate, regardless of context (local, regional, national), for a quick and efficient conversion of ideas and capabilities into new products, processes and services useful for society. Unfortunately, this goal has not yet become reality and Romania was placed modest in the last global rankings of innovation (55), respectively competitiveness (59). This paper presents the results of a recent study on the management of technological resources in innovative enterprises, focusing on the interests of the target group for (i) renewing / upgrading portfolio of products and services, (ii) collaboration with academia, (iii) development of entrepreneurial skills, (iv) national system of innovation (NIS) relevance. The options expressed by respondents are differentiated depending on company size, nature of capital and development region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural enterprise, seen from a sustainable development perspective, operates within an ecosystem, and aims to achieve a harmonious interpenetration and integration with it. The way in which this interpenetration and integration is realized depends on the level achieved by its performances, which requires the adoption of policies and strategies and the economic organization of biotechnical processes. The paper emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach to issues like management and sustainable development of the grassland agro ecosystem and shows that promoting ecological techniques in the grassland agro ecosystem can ensure its versatility. All these supported by obtaining appropriate pastoral values, namely biodiversity conservation and improvement of meadows, and knowing that Romania has a variety of floral structures with high biodiversity indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the development of "Contributions to Outlining a Romanian Management Model," a treaty and reference book for the country. Topics covered include how the idea for the treaty came about, the role of the Romanian Academic Society of Management in the project, and the competence criterion in the Romanian management system.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the intellectual capital (IC) performance of the Romanian companies, to empirically examine the association between IC performance and traditional corporate performance and to analyse the relative importance of various components of IC on the company's performance. Design/methodology/approach – Value Added Intellectual Coefficient model (VAICTM) is applied to measure IC performance. Traditional corporate performance is measured through profitability, productivity and market value. In total, 12 null hypotheses are tested using multiple regression analysis where another two control variables (firm size and industry type) are generally included. Findings – Entities creating value from their intellectual, physical and financial resources are penalized by the capital market. Capital employed has an insignificant role in both value creation and in reducing company's production costs. Market value is not necessarily improved by a properly managed structural capital but is influenced by company size. Human capital plays a major role in productivity variation. Research limitations/implications – Results related to the impact of control factors are mixed and sometimes not significant. Additional research could introduce other control factors, may investigate paper's hypotheses across time, revisit some of the basic assumptions of the VAICM and assess their potential consequences for the validity of empirical testing and results. Originality/value – This is the first study that replicates VAICTM in the case of Romanian companies. It provides valuable insights about corporate performance in an emerging economy and into the association between IC and traditional corporate performance. It enriches both IC and management literature with new empirical evidence and provides a basis for comparison with other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is the dominant economic, environmental, and social issue of the 21st century. This concept represents the sustainable development as an evolutionary process, demanding the integration of the physical sciences and engineering with the biological and social sciences for design of systems. This paper focuses on corporate sustainability presenting the risks and opportunities facing large corporations, and as a case study we chose the (automotive) company with CODE CAEN 2931 Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles and motor vehicles / section C with location in Romania, the city of Braila that operates in a world of limited resources. The principles of corporate sustainability are illustrated while highlighting the practical challenges faced by employees in large corporate entities today also environmental and social impacts of corporate activity, environmental and social risk management, business opportunities created by resource limitations, environmental finance and impact investing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper approaches the public health sector changes according to the latest legislative regulations proposed for Romanian hospitals. The first part of the work offers a global view of these new normative acts package and its opportunity, considering both the current needs of the population and the external pressure of progressing in this field. The research is focused on measuring the stakeholders' involvement in this process, and their capacity of keeping objectivity high when they are directly influenced by new legal frame under discussion. The study focuses on knowing the orientation of the stakeholders towards: their awareness of the real necessities, their openness for change, their proactive behavior, and also their availability to get involved in the decision-making process. The research methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative methods used to collect and process the data obtained. The results presented and analyzed in the last part of the paper are interesting and useful for the decision makers and for the Romanian regulation authorities too. Also, the data base provides specific information for comparative studies in the future, between different institutions, or for the same institution after a certain period, analyzing the achieved progress. The paper concludes with some important and relevant findings for researchers and employees of public institutions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyse the structure of the agricultural farms by size especially the distribution and density of animals for each group of exploitation in order to establish the financiar system of supporting them. That because more than 70% from the small households are now unfinanced but more than 90% of cattles, sheeps, goats, horses are bred in the small farms. At present in Romanian agriculture there is a tendency to develop great and very great farms taking into account the advantages of the scale economy. Ar the other pole there are over than 3.8 million small exploitations unfinanced or economically nonsustenable. Paradoxically the small individual peasant exploitations are those wich are preserving Romania`s livestock (all of it that it left): 91.7% of the catlle, over 97% of the sheeps and goats, between 62 and 65% of the pigs and poultry.Taking account that almost all livestock of romanian agriculture is bred in the small farms and the density per 100 hectare in these farms is more than ten times greater than in the very big farms is necessary to help prioritarly the small farms in order to rise their income and performaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Oecologica Carpatica is the property of Acta Oecologica Carpatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "Europe 2020 for an intelligent, echological, favourable-to-the-inclusion increase" strategy represents the joint direction of the member states towards active measures for the promotion of professional insertion, for creating and keeping work places and reducing the unemployment. In this context, the social economy represents one of the most spread solutions for the labour market challenges, offering an alternative model of the social inclusion of vulnerable groups and an alternative model of business based on the principles of equity and social responsibility in the decision-making process. The current paper focuses on presenting the concept of social economy in our country in the context of the existing legislation, the general framework of organization and functioning of the organisms which perform social economic activities, the mechanism of support and encouragement, as well as the financing sources that these organisms benefit from. A separate chapter will focus on the situation which exists in the Suceava County as regards the development of social services and the inclusion on the labour market, with their respective forms of social economy. The paper ends with some conclusions and recommendations for the supporting the development of social enterprises in Romania, having as starting point the difficulties met by these ones and also focusing on the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]