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This study is mainly conducted to find out the English language needs of Customer Contact and Secretarial Operation Coordination Level IV trainees. To achieve this objective, purposive sampling technique was used to select content area teachers while comprehensive sampling technique was used to include trainees and English language teachers. A survey research was the design of this study. To this end, questionnaire and interview were employed to collect data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis were used in the study. The findings of the study showed that writing, speaking, reading and listening skills are prioritized by trainees according to their order. In the area of micro skills, listening to lectures to take notes and listening to class discussions were showed as highly needed micro-skills. With regard to speaking activities, asking and answering questions and participating in whole class discussion were highly needed speaking micro-skills. Reading reference books and reading lecture notes, writing different project works like term papers, assignments and sample personal and business letters were identified as the most important speaking and writing micro-skills. Vocabulary was found more important than grammar. Most trainees reported that they find asking and answering questions and writing different project works like term papers and assignments, sample personal and business letters difficult. The reason for this might be because the courses offered are inefficient to help them develop these skills. Disparity was also found between their language problems and the courses they take. Finally, based on these findings, recommendations were also forwarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the utilization of reference books by final-year students of Covenant University, Nigeria with a view to providing valuable data to help students to get a better orientation on the use and importance of reference sources for their research work, to guide instructors and teachers on the use of library, information retrieval processes and information literacy, and to help University management, policy-makers and other stakeholders to make appropriate policies concerning the acquisitions of library materials. The survey method of research was adopted for the study. The simple random sampling technique was used in choosing the study population. The respondents for the questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion were chosen from the 400-and 500-level undergraduate students at the Covenant University. 300 copies of the questionnaires were administered to respondents. A focus group discussion was conducted with 30 participants. And 18 students were interviewed. It was revealed that students prefer online resources, which accounts for the poor usage of the hardcopy reference materials. It is, therefore, recommended that the library should intensify its information literacy skills program in order to help users maximize online reference resources. At the same time, the library should acquire more online reference sources rather than buying hard copies for a few users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen Mcllvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a survey of the views of book trade representatives in Pakistan on the issues of copyright and book piracy. The survey revealed that the high price of foreign books is the main cause of book piracy in Pakistan, and that local publishers and booksellers are the major beneficiaries. The article notes that Pakistan has to face tremendous pressure from Western countries due to widespread book piracy in the country. Pakistan in recent years has experienced a rapid and enormous expansion of higher education which has necessitated the import of foreign produced textbooks as well as reference books. On the one hand, there are the problems of scarcity of foreign exchange, inappropriate allocation of foreign exchange, strict import controls and high tariffs and, on the other hand, buyers in Pakistan are not able to buy costly imported books. This situation has resulted in the local reproduction of cheap editions in violation of copyright laws. The article put forward suggestions for protecting copyright in Pakistan, but conclude that measures to minimize book piracy will not be successful until books at low price are available for local readers.

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than seventy-five years ago and continued by Eugene P. Sheehy. I have been editor since about 1985 and this will be my last column. Since I am retiring, Sarah Spurgin Witte (spurgin@columbia.edu) will be the next editor with Mary Cargill responsible for the New Editions and Supplements section. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and genera' reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD1 11) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists reference books that support academic curricula, which are related to the performing arts and mass media. "Center Square: The Paul Lynde Story," by Steve Wilson and Joe Florenski; "Making Latex Clothes," by Sian-Kate Mooney; "Mystery, Violence, and Popular Culture," by John Cawelti.

Presents a list of reference books. '100 Masters of Mystery and Detective Fiction,' edited by Fiona Kelleghan; 'Alternative Energy: Facts, Statistics and Issues,' edited by Paula Berinstein; 'The American Heritage Libro Ilustrado de Palabras.'

Focuses on the production of commercial dictionaries, which are designed to make money for the publisher of the owner of a publishing company. Changes in the publishing sector; Reasons many commercial dictionaries have high standards; Function of a commercial general-purpose dictionary; Improvement of the standards of dictionary-making.

The article presents a list of books, which serve as references on foreign education. The publications include "Bilingualism and Mental Development", "Annuaire international de l'éducation et de l'enseignement, 1937", "Documents officiels sur l'enseignement del la psychologie dans la préparation des maÎtres primaires et secondaires."

The article focuses on the vocabulary analysis of the selection of preprimers and primers. Based from the analysis, preprimers and primers differ, with respect to the total number of different words contained and the number of words with fewer than four presentations. There is also great variation in the extent to which both are identical. In addition, the sequence in which the books are read is an important factor in the progress of the child, due to the extent to which they are identical.

In this article, the author focuses on his interest for reading encyclopaedias. He includes that his affection for reading books was inherited from his parents. He discusses his experience for providing an entry for the "Dictionary of National Biography" (DNB). He mentions of his article on "Obstetrics" in the "Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions"

The author discusses her thoughts on reviewing the books about environmental history before they are published. She relates that it is very rewarding to read the book reviews in the final ordered version after she examines the books as they come in the review process. The insight into the field as a whole is what emerges in the final version of the collected reviews. According to her, the reviews offer new insight in the perception and management at all levels of wilderness and nature. She believes that it highlights diversity while serving to bring the community of environmental historians together.