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The unconventional libraries have emerged as a result of initiatives by individuals, NGOs or other types of organizations in order to facilitate access to reading in a different context from the traditional, institutional one. In most cases, these are public access libraries consisting of collections of print books for borrowing available in unconventional spaces (cafes, malls, hotels, outdoors, etc.) or as itinerant collections. Their main function is not to preserve their collections, but to make them more accessible and more attractive to users. Unconventional libraries can be an alternative to the collections and services of conventional libraries but also a unique solution, when serving certain disadvantaged users in terms of access to conventional libraries. The authors propose a division of unconventional libraries into three categories - libraries organized in unconventional spaces, mobile libraries and micro libraries - and present examples of unconventional libraries in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination approach of a fragment screening and “SAR by catalog” was used for the discovery of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors. Initial screening of 3695-fragment library against bromodomain 1 of BRD4 using thermal shift assay (TSA), followed by initial hit validation, resulted in 73 fragment hits, which were used to construct a follow-up library selected from available screening collection. Additionally, analogs of inactive fragments, as well as a set of randomly selected compounds were also prepared (3 × 3200 compounds in total). Screening of the resulting sets using TSA, followed by re-testing at several concentrations, counter-screen, and TR-FRET assay resulted in 18 confirmed hits. Compounds derived from the initial fragment set showed better hit rate as compared to the other two sets. Finally, building dose-response curves revealed three compounds with IC 50  = 1.9–7.4 μM. For these compounds, binding sites and conformations in the BRD4 (4UYD) have been determined by docking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access denied turnaway statistics are provided to libraries to help with serials collection development, but very little research about turnaways is available. This article examines the relationship between access denied turnaways and interlibrary loan (ILL) requests at one institution in an attempt to deepen our understanding of turnaways. The study showed that there is a moderate correlation with an overall ILL requests to turnaways ratio of 11.4%. The strength of the relationship and the ILL requests to turnaways ratio do vary depending on the publisher/provider. The article also discusses potential explanations and implications as related to the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the web site of The New York Public Library, Digital Collections, available at digitalcollections.nypl.org/divisions/music-division.

Mbooks are open-access, digitized books freely available on the Internet. This article describes the Auraria Library's experience of loading brief MARC records for Mbooks into its online public access catalog and looks at some of the issues that arose from the record-loading project. Despite the low quality of the records, librarians in Auraria Library thought that loading them into the catalog was advantageous because of the rich content in the collection and because many of the records could be improved using the global update functionality in the catalog. Making the records available through the catalog, as opposed to merely linking to the entire collection from the Library's Web page, was considered to be valuable because of the aggregation a catalog provides and because the Mbooks collection helped fill gaps in the Library's physical collections. As more open-access, digitized books become available, libraries will need to plan and manage how best to provide access to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment in which human being, particularly, students operate makes information to be one of the decisive factors for survival. Students seek information to fill an identified gap in their quest for knowledge. This study, therefore, investigated information needs and seeking behaviour of students of the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria. Five (5) research objectives were formulated for this study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Population for the study comprised of students at the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin. Israel (2003) model for determining sample size was used to calculate the sample size with precision levels of 5% and confidence level of 95% and the recommended sample size was two hundred and twelve (212). A simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples from the population. The self-designed questionnaire was divided into six (6) sections. The content-related approach of validation was conducted to ensure the validity of the instrument while Cronbach alpha was used to test the reliability of the instrument and the overall reliability of the instrument was r = 0.832. The collated copies of the questionnaire were analyzed with the IBM SPSS version 21.0 using simple frequency counts and percentage. The presentations of the data for the research objectives were done using tables, pie charts and bar charts. The findings of the study showed that academic information is the major information need of the students of the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria. The findings further revealed that the Internet and library are the most commonly used sources of information. The findings also showed that the major purpose at which the students seek information is to update their knowledge and to enhance their professional activities. However, the findings generally indicated that most students firstly acknowledge their information needs and compare available resources before making the final decision and if they seem not comfortable with the information they need in a particular information material, they will continue searching for information until they are satisfied. Among numerous challenges affecting information seeking behaviour of students, this study found insufficient library opening hours as the major challenge confronting the students of the Nigerian Army School of Education. The study, therefore, recommended that library working hours should be extended to meet the need of the students and that the library management should ensure that adequate collection of books is made available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After several centuries of intensive collection development activity, the major research library collections of North America and Western Europe, taken as a whole, can be expected to provide reasonable coverage for all of the world's languages and peoples. One might also expect that any two languages with a similar number of speakers and a similar publishing output might have similar profiles in terms of the amount and quality of materials available to scholars in Western library collections. For the Turkic peoples of the North Caucasus (Kumyks, Karachais, Balkars, Nogais, and a few others), however, this is not the case. This article (which is Part II of a three-part series) demonstrates that, despite the scholarly value, intrinsic interest, and potential geopolitical significance of publications in North Caucasus Turkic languages, these publications are severely under-represented in Western libraries and, relatedly, in Western scholarship about religion, politics, history, culture, war and revolution on the northern perimeter of the Muslim world. Print and online bibliographic resources for the study of the Turkic peoples of the North Caucasus are considered, and are used selectively to assess the strength of Western library collections. Part I of this article appeared in the previous issue of Slavic & East European Information Resources (vol. 18, nos. 3-4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the extent to which serials publications are accessible and used for learning purposes by the students in Nigerian Universities. The descriptive survey research design was adopted with the study population made up of students from one federal government owned university, one selected state owned university and one selected private owned university in Ogun state. A self-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection in this study, was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). Findings revealed that Nigeria university students have access to different serial collections in academic libraries. Serial publications are available and students have equal access to serials publications in the library. Restriction of some serials materials to undergraduate constitutes impediments to the use of serials by students in the university libraries. Students who visit the library frequently to read Bulletins are better informed about the university issues. It was also revealed that students often visit the serial section in the Universities libraries for academic purposes. The Serial Librarian attitude affects student's use of serial section. There is a need to create conducive environment for students and guide the student in the proper use of serial publications. Serial Librarians should be well guided to give the best to the students in the use of serial publications and there is need for various universities to subscribe to different online or electronic serials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempted reviewing the roles of school libraries in learning activities of senior secondary school students in Ondo State. Ondo State is divided into three senatorial districts where two Local Governments were selected from each of the senatorial district and two secondary schools taken from each of the selected Local Government. Descriptive survey was adopted to carry out the research and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect data from the respondents while a high response rate of 100% was obtained. The validity of the research was determined by ensuring that the questionnaire reflects basic topics in the curriculum of the library and information studies and the reliability of the instrument was determined by subjecting it to Cronbach Alpha Reliability test with section B= 0.69; C= 0.59; D=0.64; E= 0.58 and section F=0.64. The result revealed that students use school library majorly to do their assignments, to prepare for class tests, and to prepare for examinations. All these play significant roles in learning activities of senior secondary school students. Based on the result, it was concluded that the quality and variety of the collection available in the school libraries is a significant factor in students learning acativities, therefore, adequate funding needs to be available to procure current resources that are curriculum related and of general interest to students' learning activities. Also, efforts should be made by school management and government to up-grade the school library with Information and Communication Technology (lCT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gifts and donations form an integral part of an academic library's existence, whether monetary or physical items. While monetary gifts are greatly valued, gift-in-kind donations of physical items can also contribute rare or unique items to collections. However, gift-in-kind donations also bring many challenges, as processing and evaluating physical materials can be time-consuming and labour-intensive; moreover, these materials may occupy significant amounts of space and ultimately may or may not add value to the library collection. Providing clear, publicly available gift and donation information can mitigate some of these challenges and help to set expectations for donors by giving a clear overview of the evaluation process and letting them know which types of material are of interest. The author reviewed donation-related webpages of twenty-one Canadian academic libraries to determine commonalities regarding library donation webpages. This analysis can provide practical assistance to librarians who are creating or revising gift-in-kind policies and procedures in Canadian academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays libraries are facing the challenges posed by a diverse and rapidly expanding information universe. Increased user expectations for faster and easier access to relevant information go hand in hand with institutional demands for increased operational efficiency. Integrated library system required to makes it easier for housekeeping operations in a library. Barcode is a part of housekeeping operation. The process of library automation in different aspects also helps to make better use of existing library services and staff. It allows for the improvement of library in the variety, amount and quality of materials that are available in the library's collection. This paper explores a new barcode interface for libraries. It designs the barcode interface by using the PHP high level programming languages and also using some HTML tags in home page. It also uses the Code-128, which is one of the important standards in barcode creation. Another important standard is FPDF for making the barcode in a single page or multiple pages in PDF format, which is most user-friendly and easy to display interface for printing the barcode. The main objectives of this paper are to (i) explore the possibility of generating 65 barcodes in a single A-4 size paper; (ii) print out the single barcode on a single page; (iii) generate the barcode from the CSV or EXCEL format and (iv) generate the barcode from starting number to end number in a single page or multiple pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a trend among academic libraries to increase collaboration between interlibrary loan and collection development to improve patron access to materials and build library collections. Instead of borrowing returnable materials, interlibrary loan may initiate purchases that will become part of the library's collection. This can mean anything from an organizational change combining interlibrary loan with the acquisitions unit or creating new workflows to facilitate purchasing. At the University of North Texas Libraries, the Interlibrary Loan office is a unit of the Access Services Department. Buying instead of borrowing for the ILL unit began with a Demand Driven Acquisitions (DDA) program and has expanded with the establishment of the University of North Texas Libraries' access-based collection development policy. Interlibrary Loan provides “Just-In-Time” (JIT) access to materials not available through regular interlibrary loan sources and adds relevant materials to the Libraries' collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the use of library OPAC in PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh (India). This investigation applied standard survey method of the structured questionnaire to collect the data from the users using OPAC. A sample of 176 users including undergraduate students, postgraduate students and research scholars was taken. The study reveals that there is a growing trend towards the use of Library OPAC as a useful tool for searching the library collection but only a few users are making use of other facilities available in OPAC such as to enquire whether the particular document is already issued or not; or to make proper use of advanced search feature of the OPAC. The scope of the study is limited to the PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is to analyze the national bibliography as a means for promoting the documentary heritage and providing access to it. It discusses various forms of the national bibliography as well as their potential for preserving the memory and ensuring access to documentary resources and their promotion. The article serves the purpose, by drawing on the analysis of foreign publications, of substantiating the idea that the national bibliography as a structured registry of the national publishing output may serve as a reliable means for promoting the documentary heritage. The article elaborates on the evolution of the notion and coverage of the national bibliography as well as its presentation to the public. The national bibliography was defined in the 60ies of the 20th century by joint efforts of UNESCO and IFLA. This definition underlined that the national bibliography must cover the nation's entire published output. The notion of the national bibliography underwent some evolution, and in the 21st century the focus shifted towards registering electronic publishing resources alongside with solving the issues of presenting the national bibliography to the public. Previously, the presence of a bibliographic record in the national bibliography signified that the resource was available within the legal deposit collection of the library, whereas at present the issue of having to register national information resources which do not belong to this collection is gaining persistence. Another significant issue in making the national bibliography a comprehensive registry of the nation's publishing output is the relation between the national bibliography and legal deposit. Successful and sustainable development of the national bibliography requires cooperative effort in creating and updating publication and factual data and efficient communication with publishers and other suppliers of public information within the chain of legal deposit. This interaction substantiates the existence of the national bibliography as the all-reflecting mirror creating opportunities to cognize the national documentary cultural heritage and ensuring its promotion and access, The register of bibliographic and authority data of published documents helps preserve the cultural and historical memory; ensures dissemination of knowledge about historical and cultural events and their interpretation; and gives a panorama of the cultural history, the heritage of the traditional culture, prominent fellow-countrymen and national uniqueness. The analysis of websites of national libraries of various countries which are legal deposit receivers shows that some of them remind the publishers of their obligation to submit legal deposit copies in a laconic manner and some of them provide more information, e.g. types and quantity of legal deposit copies and terms of submission as well as give references to appropriate legal acts. Some of these institutions highlight the significance of legal deposit as a means of preserving cultural heritage and ensuring access to it for the general public and researchers. However, there is no clear message addressed to the integral and primary chain of the legal deposit system, the publishers, about their responsibility about the comprehensiveness of legal deposit and the publishers' benefits from contributing to the preservation and access of the national cultural heritage. The article analyzes the transformation of the national bibliography from a printed list to a presentation of linked data. Digital and information technologies applied in publication processes and creation of new forms of disseminating data of national bibliographies contribute to promoting the national history and cultural memory. Broad access to national bibliographic data allows the general public creating new services and products. The precise definition of purposes of the national bibliography and its users could facilitate the shaping of the appropriate model of the national bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the research of availability and characteristics of digital collections in public libraries in Croatia. The purpose of the paper is to motivate library professionals to create common criteria for digital collection development with the aim to facilitate access to digital material for users and to motivate general public to use the existing digital collections by pointing out at their quality. The paper consists of two parts. The first part defines public libraries, digital collections, digital libraries, and digitization as fundamental terms of this paper and serves as an introduction into the second part of the paper. The second part of the paper presents the results of the research, i.e. the analysis and comparison of all available digital collections in public libraries in Croatia. Methods used in the second part of the paper are content analysis and comparison of characteristics of digital collections against a set of criteria prepared in advance during the analysis of digital collections across the world in the preparatory phase of the research. The results of the research could be used in further development of user interfaces of future digital collections which is one of the current hot research topics and a permanent orientation of libraries across the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes about the 'Infrastructure facilities in fine arts college libraries in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry states: A case study. The analysis of the study explains about the Books Collections available in the fine arts college Library, Information Facilities and Services in the Library of the Music, Dance and Visual Arts Colleges in Tamilnadu and Pondicherry, Number of Journals subscribed and journal back volumes available by the colleges under study. The study reviled that the library collection of more than 72% of the colleges have more than 5000 books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author offers insights of the accessible and priced resources that is both useful and available for developing collections for the library of the Eastern Catholic Church. Topics discussed include the definition of the Eastern Catholic, the common Eastern-rite Catholic Churches in Rome and the distinctive comparison between the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches and the Roman rite.

The study investigated Effects of Weeding Strategies on Information Resources Management Among Public Libraries in North-Central States of Nigeria, the researcher observed that Every library's print collection is limited by the space available, and collections must change over time to reflect changes in the community and in the library's goals, as result, five (5) research questions and objectives were formulated with respect to how unwanted information resources managed, shelf-time period of information resources, effects of weeding on library organisation and services and the challenges of weeding in public libraries. Survey research method was adopted for the study and staff in the circulation, technical, reference, readers and collection development units of the public libraries in Plateau, Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Niger, Nasarawa and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) constituted the population of the study. Data were collected using questionnaire and observation, frequency tables and simple percentages were used to analyse the data collected for the study. The study found among others that public libraries in north-central states of Nigeria keep obsolete information resources in store rooms, basic tasks in library management include the acquisition, classification of acquired materials, preservation of materials (especially rare and fragile archival materials such as manuscripts), are affected by weeding activities. The study concluded that every library will have its own method for handling books pulled for discard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author, who is one of the most eminent Italian scholars of Library History and Bibliography, deals with the fate of libraries in the technological age. Until the half of the past century, it would not be possible to think about libraries disappearance, because they were considered fortresses of civil advancement and because even the idea of their destruction would be considered a barbarity. Nowadays, we are facing a profound crisis that led to radical transformations. In the current scenario, libraries are condemned to be "irrelevant" and the only way to control their decline is to transform them into museums, making collections available and preserving library buildings. These opinions are also true with respect to less prestigious libraries, whose collections often testify the history of a territory or a community. A honest reflection on the future of libraries could not take into account "the cultural realities in the different layers of society, of their tendencies, of their needs, and of the technological ways already existing for their satisfaction". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milton Babbitt's music is constructed from a hierarchy of exhaustive lists; one can thus understand completeness in his pieces as a result of the completion of these lists. In many cases, however, the endings of pieces are not coordinated with the completion of exhaustive lists. This challenges the significance of the concepts, drawn from cognitive psychology and Schenkerian organicism, that Babbitt uses to justify his hierarchical compositional techniques. A new model of interpreting completeness in Babbitt's music, incorporating Jonathan D. Kramer's notion of "vertical time," is suggested as an alternative approach. Newly available sketch materials from the Milton Babbitt Collection of the Library of Congress shed light on aspects of Babbitt's compositional process, including some of the motivations that led him away from hierarchical completeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic libraries acquire and steward numeric datasets as well as large collections of image files, audio archives, digital texts, and other non-numeric resources. This article considers how a sample of libraries in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom present these collections and make them available for discovery. And, importantly, the article examines whether these non-numeric collections are positioned on the library Website as research datasets, rather than as artifacts of limited local and/or historical interest. Findings from this analysis may help collection managers and Web designers as libraries define their role in connecting users to research data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

i.d.a. is an international network of 38 women's and lesbian archives and libraries in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Italy. Together they offer a wealth of documents concerning the organizations and activists of the Women's Movement in 19th and 20th century. Furthermore, they provide a wide range of literature on the feminist and lesbian movements, on women's and gender studies, lesbian and queer theory as well as fiction. The META catalogue was developed as a three years project, financed by the BMFSFJ (Berlin). META reflects the diversity of the i.d.a. affiliated archives and libraries and their collections and shows the bigger part of the metadata available in a digital form. Although data came from libraries as well as from archives and documentation centres with different kind of focuses, technical equipment and data formats META finally provides a homogeneous and user-friendly tool to search the holdings of the i.d.a. member institutions, increasing the visibility of women's and lesbian archives and libraries and their holdings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EXFOR library contains the largest collection of experimental nuclear reaction data available as well as the data's bibliographic information and experimental details. We text-mined the REACTION and MONITOR fields of the ENTRYs in the EXFOR library in order to identify understudied reactions and quantities. Using the results of the text-mining, we created an undirected graph from the EXFOR datasets with each graph node representing a single reaction and quantity and graph links representing the various types of connections between these reactions and quantities. This graph is an abstract representation of the connections in EXFOR, similar to graphs of social networks, authorship networks, etc. We use various graph theoretical tools to identify important yet understudied reactions and quantities in EXFOR. Although we identified a few cross sections relevant for shielding applications and isotope production, mostly we identified charged particle fluence monitor cross sections. As a side effect of this work, we learn that our abstract graph is typical of other real-world graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern Academic Scholars' Trust (EAST) is a shared print initiative involving 48 libraries across the Northeast. Initiated in 2012 with a planning grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, EAST addresses directly the growing need for academic libraries to ensure that monographs and journals of scholarly value are not inadvertently discarded as they undertake weeding and deselection programs to free up space for other library services. EAST is currently completing a large-scale analysis of collections across 40 of the participating libraries. This analysis will provide insight into both uniqueness and overlap across the libraries' holdings and will result in agreements by the libraries to retain circulating monographs in their local collections for an agreed upon time period and to make those materials available to researchers and scholars from other EAST libraries. In parallel to this collection analysis, EAST is implementing validation sampling across the libraries to better understand volume availability and condition and the role they may plan in retention decisions. The project team has developed an innovative sampling methodology and tools to support the study. As the largest shared print initiative to date, this project will secure a substantial portion of the scholarly record that is held in the Northeast and positions EAST as an important component of the growing network of shared print initiatives nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of access to video collections and the process to make the collections available within modern discovery layer tools. Topics include video collections are standard part of academic libraries and an important part of the teaching, learning and research process, the limitation in display options for videos, and testing search interfaces is the best way to secure access to video collection.

The authors investigated quantitative methods of collection use analysis employing library data that are available in ILS and ILL systems to better understand library collection use and user needs. For the purpose of the study, the authors extracted circulation and ILL records from the library's systems using data-mining techniques. By comparing these data to records of books acquired in a four-year period, the study reveals generally good collection use as well as some unmet collection needs. The study also offers a method of compiling and sharing these multiple types of usage data among work groups to create feedback mechanisms to inform the work of selectors and suggest modifications to collection development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 2013, a space initiative project was launched in an effort to answer the following question posed by the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Library staff: With the increased use of mobile devices and the availability of information anywhere, anytime, what activities or tasks does our user community engage in while at the Library? Data were gathered in several ways— daily counts to determine client workstation occupancy, an informal survey interview conducted three times a day with walk-in clients, and staff observations. Data collection periods were scheduled in summer 2013, fall 2013, and winter 2014. Analysis of the information collected revealed that for many survey respondents, the space represents an extension of their work environment. Although most of the MSK Library’s collection is available electronically, the physical space is important and valued by this user community as a “go-to” place for leisure, work, or library-related activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify whether the subordinate has space for expression in the work of João do Rio, Brazil precursor and crazy story in journalism as a profession. The objects of analysis are the texts of the early twentieth century, published in the newspaper Gazeta de Noticias available in the collection from the National Library of Brazil and also the third published work by the chronicler. The specific objectives are: to identify the meaning of the word citizen in the journalist's work and identify the areas of the subordinate layers in the third book of the author, The charming soul of the streets (A alma encantadora de las calles). For the analysis, Weft QDA software, with a qualitative basis is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability studies are used to estimate the proportion of items in a library collection that are available to users, and the proportion of items in a library collection that are unavailable to users as a result of system and/or human errors. Sanjeet Mann of the Armacost Library at the University of Redlands used a series of availability studies to more accurately understand and troubleshoot the e-resources access errors that keep undergraduate students at the university from obtaining the full text of electronic resources. In this presentation, Mann shared the details of his process, his results, and the implications of those results for improving local search systems as well as a conceptual model of e-resource availability errors based on the results of his research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability studies are used to estimate the proportion of items in a library collection that are available to users, and the proportion of items in a library collection that are unavailable to users as a result of system and/or human errors. Sanjeet Mann of the Armacost Library at the University of Redlands used a series of availability studies to more accurately understand and troubleshoot the e-resources access errors that keep undergraduate students at the university from obtaining the full text of electronic resources. In this presentation, Mann shared the details of his process, his results, and the implications of those results for improving local search systems as well as a conceptual model of e-resource availability errors based on the results of his research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

International Islamic University Islamabad has four major libraries distributed at H-10 and Faisal Masjid Campuses including Central Library, Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah Library Islamic Research Institute, Da'wah Research Library, and Shari'ah Academy Library. Central Library serves the faculty, research scholars and students from all disciplines, where as Dr. Hamidullah Library, Da'wah Research Library, and Shari'ah Academy Library deal in specialized areas of religious studies including Islamic Studies, Seerah, Da'wah, Shari'ah, comparative religions etc. All the libraries have about 0.5 million books and bound volumes of journals. Thousands of electronic journals and e-books are accessible through HEC Digital Library at both the campuses. The two large libraries i.e. Central Library and Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah Library are providing information about library resources and services through their websites. Web-OPAC (Online Catalog) of both the large libraries is available to search the collections. Central Library and Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah Library have state of the art technological infrastructure, where as Da'wah Research Library and Shari'ah Academy Library are at developing phase. The sole objective of this paper is to analyze the IIUI library services in the context of global developments in the field of library and information science and present some suggestions to provide modern library and information services to IIUI faculty, scholars and students. The proposed action plan may bring paradigm shift in library and information services at IIUI to fulfill information needs of the community keeping in view 21st century's information environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing transformation to digital information and media is combined with a new understanding of collection development and of collections in academic libraries. Due to the running practise electronic books and journals are available as licensed resources, which libraries don't own. Furthermore the increasing subscriptions of licenses the so called e-book and e-journal packages impact significantly on the standardization of library collections. On the whole new questions are rising up: What are the objects, which are part of digital collections? What are the requirements that libraries have to meet in order to provide and to maintain digital collections? What are the benefits of digital collections for researchers and researchers work? Proceedings with digital collections academic libraries have special regard to their original role, which means to collect materials, and they exploit the potential of digital media and tools. From that the claim for a restart of academic libraries is no vision, but comes true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the use of a collection mapping model of collection assessment in which data visualization tools were utilized in order to provide a unified portrait of a complicated multi-disciplinary collection located in several different physical locations across the Libraries of the University of California Riverside. Through the use of freely-available data visualization software, the massive amount of data generated by collection-centered inventory of the Libraries' Latin American Studies collection can be assessed in a number of different dimensions, clearly illustrating the collection's strengths to stakeholders both within and outside of the libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical maps depict landscapes as they once were, and include evidence for a wide range of information, including settlement distribution, land use, natural resources, transport networks, toponymy, and other natural and cultural data within an explicitly spatial context. Maps produced before the expansion of large-scale mechanized agriculture reflect a landscape that is lost today, and there is a growing awareness that these historical maps record information about the distribution of archaeological sites, many of which are now no longer visible. This paper will present the ongoing work of the Mapping Archaeological Heritage in South Asia (MAHSA) project, led by the University of Cambridge. We focus here on some of the problems and potential solutions relating to the use of digitised historic Survey of India maps for archaeological research, and their relationship to the libraries which house them. We explore the issues encountered when working to follow best practice in meeting the dual aims of: a) meeting the archaeological research aim of extracting, analysing, and recording geospatial data from historic maps sheets; and b) producing an accessible, interoperable resource that links across different repositories and media formats. This case study stems from coordination between the MAHSA Project and two UK Legal Deposit libraries. The aim is to obtain information that is archaeologically relevant, and to make digitised and georeferenced Survey of India maps available openly for the wider public and research community, while also serving the cataloguing and research needs of the participating organisations. Pakistan and western India are extremely rich in archaeological and cultural heritage sites, which span in date from the earliest villages, through several phases of urbanism, the rise and fall of numerous historical states and empires, and up to the colonial and modern periods. Today, many areas are densely occupied and undergoing rapid development, so many sites are at risk, typically from factors including erosion, large-scale development, looting, and the expansion of extensive irrigation agriculture and the concomitant levelling of large tracts of land. Archaeological site destruction has been observed in the field and is ongoing, and the level and rate of site loss is largely unmonitored. The MAHSA project is developing heritage management tools and expertise that will work towards addressing these threats to archaeological sites and monuments. The project is documenting the endangered archaeology and cultural heritage of the Indus River Basin and the surrounding areas, and will publish this information in an Open Access geospatial database using the Arches online database platform, which uses the CIDOC-Conceptual Resource Model ontology (http://www.cidoc-crm.org/). It aspires to become sustainable by being the default management database for local heritage stakeholders through a programme of collaboration and training. Digitising historic maps is a major component of the MAHSA project workflow, which integrates three approaches to identify archaeological and cultural heritage sites, document them, and then make these data openly available. These are: i) collating and systematising the existing published data on archaeological and cultural heritage sites; ii) using historic maps, remote sensing and automated site detection methods to identify and document previously unidentified archaeological and cultural heritage sites; and iii) collaborating with local stakeholders and offering training in GIS, methods of site detection, recording of sites on the ground, and documentation (Figure 1). Previous research has shown that the colour maps issued by the Survey of India from 1905 to 1941 document the location of thousands of mound features that are often archaeological sites (Petrie et al. 2019). Generated as a legacy of Britain's colonial past, paper copies of these maps are held in UK Legal Deposit libraries, which house hundreds of these historic map sheets, many of which remain available only in paper form, or as text-catalogued digital images (as opposed to georeferenced map objects). The extent of the overlap between the collections is currently under review, but together these collections represent a vast analogue dataset that currently exist largely as bibliographic objects with their own historic and visual value. If these maps are fully digitised and georeferenced, however, they have the potential to offer detailed geospatial data about archaeological sites and monuments which predates much of the development and land use changes seen in recent decades. These maps also encode information relevant to a wide range of other disciplines. As part of the workflow, MAHSA is also making use of machine learning approaches to detect specific features and words that are documented on maps that have a specific archaeological relevance (Garcia-Molsosa et al. 2021). Although this represents a very specific application of machine learning, these approaches can be readily adapted to a wide range of other applications. Once digitised and georeferenced, historic maps exist as a multifaced resource: as images in their own right; as holders of bibliographic and historic information; as signposts to larger datasets; and as containers of geospatial data (in both paper and digital form). With paper copies held, curated, and distributed across nationally important library collections, the digitisation process must therefore serve a wide variety of end users, with the resulting output of digitised maps following best practice in meeting the data standards of all stakeholders, including those in digital spaces (Hyland, Atemezing, and Villazón-Terrazas 2014). As public bodies, UK Legal Deposit libraries are working to make collections increasingly available online for both public consumption and research purposes. The MAHSA project is therefore working to meet these multiple angles of data creation, curation, and dissemination. One way in which these requirements can be met is to enable digitised historic maps to exist as data objects that adhere to the principles of Linked Open Usable Data (LOUD) in their generation, curation, analysis, and dissemination. This also contributes to their compliance with open access FAIR data principles, aiming to make maps-as-data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (Wilkinson et al. 2016). The MAHSA project is approaching this problem by working to make georeferenced digitised historic maps available through the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF). IIIF facilitates open access to images, by making use of JSON-LD, linked data and standard W3C web protocols (Babcock and Di Cresce 2019). The final step in this workflow is the creation of a geospatial search portal, which is able to point users to the appropriate library holdings. Historic maps will be linked/related as information resources to the individual heritage resources in the MAHSA Arches database, pointing back to library holdings, and enabling historic maps to be found, accessed, and used by a wide variety of users. We use this case study to examine the implementation of best practices in both workflow and data standardisation when working with multiple stakeholders. We evaluate aspects of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of such requirements, and explore how to feed the lessons learned during so far with our own particular case study back into the improvement cycle for LOUD-compliant data solutions for digitised historic maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the decline of budgetary allocation for libraries, information is being made available to wider audience through alternative means, such as digital libraries and online repositories. Increasing demand for certain print materials urge libraries to exploit open-source alternatives, which are highly advantageous for libraries with scarce financial resources and voracious demand from their users. An interview survey results justified the establishment of digital library service as both students and academics, amongst other issues, recorded their inability to spare time for accessing certain print collections. In this regard, like other libraries in the country, the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka has initiated digital library initiatives using freely available software. Amongst a number of open-source software (OSS) available to create and manage digital library collections, Greenstone and DSpace are being experimented for developing two different types of repositories. However, these two software have slight merits and demerits over one another. This paper scrutinizes those features corresponding to the needs of and challenges faced by the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka (EUSL), which is in its initial stage of launching digitized collections representing both its academic works and local publications. The demand for unpublished works of students and past examinations papers is always high, hence, the Library is has started digitizing materials in demand and rare to find. This comparative analysis is solely based on experiences gained by the Library of Eastern University, Sri Lanka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred twenty-nine health sciences libraries (HSLs) worldwide were surveyed regarding the availability of digital collections, evidence of the type of digital collections, level of access, software used, and HSL type. Of the surveyed libraries, 69% (n=157) had digital collections, with an average of 1,531 items in each collection; 49% (n=112) also had institutional repositories. In most cases (n=147), these collections were publicly available. The predominant platforms for disseminating these digital collections were CONTENTdm and library web pages. Only 50% (n=77) of these collections were managed by the health sciences library itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public and university libraries have embraced placemaking theories to develop user-centric library spaces. Placemaking has largely been overlooked in the context of academic law libraries. This article explores the range of space planning choices available to law libraries as they downsize their print collections. The benefits of reimaging law library space using placemaking concepts are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Natural products play a key role in drug discovery programs, both serving as drugs and as templates for the synthesis of drugs, even though the quantities and availabilities of samples for screening are often limitted. Experimental approach: A current collection of physical samples of > 500 compound derived from African medicinal plants aimed at screening for drug discovery has been made by donations from several researchers from across the continent to be directly available for drug discovery programs. A virtual library of 3D structures of compounds has been generated and Lipinski’s “Rule of Five” has been used to evaluate likely oral availability of the samples. Results: A majority of the compound samples are made of flavonoids and about two thirds (2/3) are compliant to the “Rule of Five”. The pharmacological profiles of thirty six (36) selected compounds in the collection have been discussed. Conclusions and implications: The p-ANAPL library is the largest physical collection of natural products derived from African medicinal plants directly available for screening purposes. The virtual library is also available and could be employed in virtual screening campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the autor analyses the development of the teaching of Archaelogy in Galicia from Republic through the Franco period to democracy and current syllabus, the equipment and materials available (libraries, archaeological collections) professors and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to build a DNA barcode reference library for the true butterflies of Peninsula Malaysia and assess the value of attaching subspecies names to DNA barcode records. A new DNA barcode library was constructed with butterflies from the Museum of Zoology, University of Malaya collection. The library was analysed in conjunction with publicly available DNA barcodes from other Asia-Pacific localities to test the ability of the DNA barcodes to discriminate species and subspecies. Analyses confirmed the capacity of the new DNA barcode reference library to distinguish the vast majority of species (92%) and revealed that most subspecies possessed unique DNA barcodes (84%). In some cases conspecific subspecies exhibited genetic distances between their DNA barcodes that are typically seen between species, and these were often taxa that have previously been regarded as full species. Subspecies designations as shorthand for geographically and morphologically differentiated groups provide a useful heuristic for assessing how such groups correlate with clustering patterns of DNA barcodes, especially as the number of DNA barcodes per species in reference libraries increases. Our study demonstrates the value in attaching subspecies names to DNA barcode records as they can reveal a history of taxonomic concepts and expose important units of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A book collection in corpore is usually used to describe a historically formed, indivisible collection of books having a historic, scientific and cultural value. Specialized research on this topic in Lithuania has been scanty, if any, with the exception of research conducted on acquiring and storing book collections in libraries as well as similar topics. The article aims at investigating the theoretical aspects of using the term book collection and providing the analysis of existing practices and trends with regard to book collections both in Lithuanian and foreign libraries. To achieve this objective, the following methods of literary analysis and empirical research have been used: analysis of library websites, expert survey, interviews with the library staff taking care of book collections at their disposal. The objects of research are the book collections in corpore, acquired and stored in the National Library of Lithuania, libraries of state-level and county libraries. The libraries which decide to store and preserve book collections in corpore, undertake a museum function, that is, the inherent function pertinent to a memory institution. This function is not characteristic of public libraries. However, it is among the core functions of the libraries having the national and state status. Based on the criterion of the former owner, collections in corpore can be grouped as follows: personal libraries (the libraries of outstanding statesmen, public figures, science and culture makers) and book heritage of various institutions (institutional libraries). It turned out that currently 144 collections in corpore are being stored in the National Library of Lithuania, state-level and county libraries, with personal libraries identified as the prevailing group among them (137). The seven remaining collections in corpore are institutional libraries. The analysis of the information available in library websites on the collections in corpore revealed that the material presented is rather scarce and the websites do not contain comprehensive information about the scope of the respective collections. Thus, the user's access to information is rather restricted. Today, the acquisition of collections in corpore has been reduced in scope, reflecting the current situation in librarianship. The status of some of the libraries which have acquired a great many book collections in corpore (for example, Vilnius University Library) have to be reviewed. Having established whether we are dealing with a collection in corpore or whether it is merely a donated collection of books, we can integrate the books in question into the library holdings, marking book provenance indicators in a bibliographic description in the online catalogue. Due to their exclusivity, book collections in corpore are becoming book monuments. Such a status puts their custodians under an obligation to treat them as the sets of documents having special value, that is, as book monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay and checklist document the exhibition Pageant of the Tsars: The Romanov Coronation Albums, held at Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens February 16–June 8, 2013. The exhibition focused on the history of the Romanovs through the lens of the coronation albums of the tsars. Based on the collection of five of the seven coronation albums held in the Hillwood library, the exhibition was supplemented with objects from the museum and library collections, loans from other institutions, and electronic versions of the albums available on iPads in the exhibition and via the iBooks store. The show marked the 400th anniversary of the founding of the Romanov dynasty in 1613. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the feasibility of a bookless library in a research setting. As spaces for collections are being converted for increased study and community spaces, many libraries have been moving low-use collections to off-site storage. Issues regarding the types of storage spaces available are addressed. Concerns and solutions addressed include electronic availability, virtual browsing, and efficient interlibrary loan services. The article concludes that although moving all materials off site could be adequate for research needs on a short-term basis, the permanent removal of all materials would be undesirable due to a loss of discovery by browsing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the public library in Arizona - Phoenix Public Library - considering the visit and the discussions that the author had with the library director, Ms. Toni Garvey. In 2004 she was conferred the title "librarian of the year" by the Library Journal Magazine as she is well known for successfully managing the library with its 17 branches and for promoting the new role of the library as open space, stating that "the library is the most democratic institution". As for the size of the collection, Phoenix Public Library counts 181.570 reference items (that are not available for circulation) children literature, rare books and the "Arizona" collection, 25.609 digital items, 11.973 newspapers and magazines, and a small collection of Romanian books. Tony Garvey joined the American delegation that visited Romania in 2010 with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation program, and she was amazed by the openness and willingness of Romanian librarians to learn about the experiences of their American colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the web application New titles in the Reading Rooms, which gives users an insight into the most recently acquired Croatian and foreign publications in the collections, available in the Library's Open Access Reading Rooms and indexed by UDC. The purpose of the application (e-bulletin) is to enable users to quickly and easily access high-quality information by browsing online new titles available in the Library. Current plans envisage a further development of the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a newly-discovered collection of administrative documents and correspondence from the Russkii zagranichnyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian Historical Archive Abroad], which was active 1924–1945. The collection is housed in the Slavonic Library in Prague. It is important for both the history of the archive itself and the history of the Russian emigration. An inventory list of the collection is now available on the library's Web site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the growth and development of the architectural engineering college libraries in Haryana, India. It evaluates the available resources, library services provided, library hours, collection of practices and policies, issues on space and related facilities and document technical processing. Study shows that majority of these libraries start to operate in three years already. It demonstrates the significance of improvement in their staff strength and their collection. It suggests to create digital libraries, provide quality services in technical colleges, and establish well-qualified staff.

Given the increasing demand for GIS services and collections in libraries, librarians should use every outreach tool available to reach potential audiences. An annual event, GIS Day has a robust and established range of supporting tools that are easily customized for local use. Effective marketing, including visibility and longevity of Web pages, is an effective tool for increasing awareness of GIS services. This study analyzes content of Web pages to evaluate the levels of participation and promotion of GIS through GIS Day at U.S.-based Association of Research Libraries academic libraries and their host universities. Results indicate a range of involvement, with some libraries participating in numerous events while others are not taking full advantage of this valuable outreach opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery and management of scholarly materials have changed in recent years with the introduction of new-generation systems based on decoupled architecture. In addition to offering a modern user experience, new library discovery systems extend the scope of materials available through a single interface far beyond the physical collections of the library, reaching the wealth of scholarly collections of global significance. Such systems also leverage a body of usage data gathered from institutions worldwide to enhance the discoverability of materials. New management systems, built from the outset to manage all types of scholarly assets, harness technological advances, shared bibliographic metadata, and community collaboration to optimize library services. The paper examines some of the current trends in new-generation systems and focuses on the way in which collaboration among stakeholders and the aggregation of information-scholarly content, bibliographic metadata, and usage data-combine with the local and individual context to establish a new level of discovery and management of scholarly materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative study in which researchers analyzed the relationship between the level of study conducted by student library users and the extent of use of library resources by these students in Nigerian universities in 2004-2005. Researchers were interested in gathering this information in order to help university libraries manage their facilities and resources. Other topics discussed include the value and scope of the research, the implications of the study on Nigerian university library collections, and the recommendation that libraries promote their available resources to capitalize on their collections.