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The article presents information on the use of Internet's interactive technologies by newspapers to improve the coverage of public affairs. "Cyber-democracy" proposes that the Internet's ability to close gaps of time and distance with electronic interactivity has the power to make institutional journalism at least anachronistic and perhaps even unnecessary. Online Web sites associated with newspapers can offer themselves as venues for greater citizen engagement because newspapers are the traditional source of the most in-depth information regarding political communication, especially at the state, regional and local levels, and also because they are the focal point for online news consumption. The study found that the promise of online journalism to create conditions for improved political communication is largely untapped. It found that only three of the 13 devices used to operationalize online facilitation of cyber-democratic practices were present at more than 50 percent of the papers surveyed in the study.

Previous research has attributed media convergence to, among other things, where the news was originally published. That research, however, has struggled to identify causal relationships between a news item's publication in a particular outlet and journalists' perceptions of a story's newsworthiness. This relationship is difficult to identify because of the correlation between publication in a particular outlet and many other factors that also impact newsworthiness. This paper uses an experiment embedded within a survey of over 1,500 U.S. political journalists to test the impact of a news story's previous publication history on journalists' views of the newsworthiness of that news item. Compared with previously unpublished stories, the publication of a news story in a national paper has no significant positive effect on the perceived newsworthiness of a story. The origin of a story in a local outlet, however, causes journalists to perceive that story to be less newsworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the collection of articles published in MIA to mark 50 years of The Australian offers a critical assessment of the literature on The Australian. It covers the miracle of the paper's conception, its struggle to survive amid widespread doubts that it could, and the conditions that enabled it to flourish at various times. It discusses the paper's original vision as well as its early reception, some of the market research and the changing profile of its readers. It examines arguments and evidence about The Australian's coverage of elections, notes the contention over its positions on other issues and lists a large number of studies that have explored various aspects of its journalism. It also situates The Australian in relation to other parts of News Limited and scrutinises claims about the paper's influence on other publishers and other media. Finally, it offers an outline of the articles in this theme section - four from industry and three from the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the implications of market-driven journalism for daily newspaper content. Impact of market-driven journalism on U.S. news organizations; Reasons for the controversial nature of market-oriented journalism; Topics covered in papers with relatively strong and weak market orientations.

American newspaper editorial boards occupy unusual positions within their newspapers as the only journalists at the papers who may openly express their opinions. When they exercise their opinion-making power in the form of candidate endorsements, they potentially intervene in the democratic process by influencing readers' voting decisions. This article examines American newspaper endorsements of political candidates from the point of view of editorial board members who were involved in endorsement processes during the 2002 and 2004 campaign seasons in Pennsylvania. Through ethnographic observation and interviews with four newspaper editorial boards and 16 editorial board members, this article explores the purposes and roles with which editorial board members believe they undertake the endorsement process, the ways in which they envision the consumers of their endorsements and the challenges they encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid concerns of 'market failure' in the U.S. commercial news industry, this paper explores more than a decade's worth of scholarly arguments that government intervention and investment is the best solution to what many deem a crisis in American journalism. Through the lenses of First Amendment theory and political economy, the analysis examines a range of ideas and proposals that, in many ways, began with Robert W. McChesney and John Nichols' The Death and Life of American Journalism in 2010 and continue up through Victor Pickard's Democracy Without Journalism: Confronting the Misinformation Society in 2020. The paper concludes that, while a 'positive' interpretation of the First Amendment would seem to demand such intervention, the window of opportunity has closed due to a range of political and economic forces that have either developed or become further entrenched over the past decade. To that end, it calls on journalists and journalism scholars to work to shift the discourse of journalism, to characterise it as an essential, nonpartisan public good – one no different than education. It argues that such a shift, along with enough evidence of further market failure, could someday help inspire the necessary political and economic will to help rescue the floundering news industry on a wider scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The telegraph literally and figuratively electrified news by transforming reporting into a process that delivered impulses of information whose timeliness often riveted and sometimes excited newspaper audiences. The now-familiar daily news cycle—scheduled reports of recent news punctuated by even more timely breaking news—originated with telegraphic journalism. Daily papers began presenting themselves as the public's portal to an electrified national and international newsgathering network. Looking beyond the role of telegraph firms and wire services, this study explores how the culture of journalistic timeliness was cultivated in organizational, occupational, and public settings. Organizationally, telegraph-enabled timeliness altered every stage of the news-production process, from reporter-source interactions to the delivery of stories to readers. The press reified timeliness internally through organizational rewards and occupational discourses, and externally by projecting its institutional values through marketing and the metatexts that accompanied stories. For the audience, daily papers conveyed the temporal rhythms of a networked industrial society. Audiences valued some timely news as data inputs that enhanced opportunities to participate in distant affairs or influence outcomes, though for economic intelligence private channels almost always outstripped newspapers' public delivery of the same information. But even electrified news valued mostly for its storytelling made events common to many people simultaneously in a manner that encouraged the construction of meaning by scattered audiences. In those situations, timeliness often meant that news circulated fast enough for reactions around the nation to become part of the story itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 12 September 2001, as Hans-Peter Feldmann documented in his 2002 installation 9/12 Front Page, the front pages of newspapers from 151 countries showed similar photographs of a plane crashing into the World Trade Center. Despite this cross-cultural agreement on the most salient image at the time, in the decade since, distinct visual narratives of 9/11 have emerged in newspaper anniversary journalism.This paper examines how The New York Times (US) and Le Monde (France) have used photographs, advertisements, and editorial cartoons in 9/11 anniversary journalism. Using theories of collective memory and photography, along with demographic data of 9/11 victims, I examine how photographic representations of the victims have changed, offering a less complex story of events. I document the images that have been recirculated and discuss why the emergence of visual icons matters to our collective memory of 9/11. And I explore how the papers’ proximity to the events influenced their visual anniversary journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the implementation process of digital audience metrics as a key strategy in Swedish legacy news production during the last three decades. The historical adoption of metrics in the newsroom is not new but has grown fast (from analogue audience measurements in the 1950s and monthly statistics of unique visitors in the 1990s to a wide range of real-time data). This trend is important because Swedish news organisations have invested heavily in data analytics, which involves integrating metrics-driven journalism into a particularly strong and homogenous tradition of professional autonomy. Based on interviews with key senior managers and supported by the analysis of trade publications, as well as published interviews, the findings reveal three chronologically overlapping periods: the naïve stage of 'getting online', the destructive period of 'social media prominence', and the end of the 'paywall hesitation'. This trend has led to a new equilibrium in which audience metrics are perceived as better aligned with the professional values of news selection. More importantly, the industry-wide embrace of metrics as guidance for more relevant and rational news production revolves around two main factors: First, although metrics are tied to organisational targets, they remain under editorial control. Second, the degree of granularity and diversification of metrics allow for wider support of their use for strategic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative content analysis applies the theory of instrumental actualization to Swiss newspaper coverage of smoking bans in public places. The theory holds that journalists' opinions affect news selection; it is studied here for the weighting and evaluation of arguments in news stories. The editorial stance of newspapers was related to the weighting of argumentative fields and the frequency of contradiction of different standpoints. Therefore, elements of both a dialectical (papers of different stance explicitly contradicting one another) and a rhetorical (papers of different stance speaking of different matters) model of discourse were [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. newspaper industry is in deep crisis and the state of the two titles in America’s greatest newspaper city, Chicago, is a case in point. In the city that spawned The Front Page, the iconic play and movie about 20th century journalism, both the Tribune and the Sun-Times are coping with the twin problems of falling advertising revenue and falling sales. Bill Hagerty, BJR’s editor, visits the city and meets the papers’ two editors to discuss their problems. In spite of the gloom, he discovers that they remain optimistic about the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the importance of subgroup influence within the context of higher-level predictors of design variability, including newspaper competition and usability of technology. Impact of variability in newspaper design on the paper's economic and cultural trends; Traditional predictors of design variability; Influence of occupational subgroups in newsrooms.

Due to the visual turn in journalism and the emergence of mobile journalism, many newspaper journalists have had to change the way they work and learn to use new tools. To face these changes, traditional news organizations apply different strategies to increase staff competencies in using new production tools and creating innovative content in new formats. In this paper, we investigate how a specific training arrangement was experienced by a group of 40 print editors and journalists in a German regional publishing house. The journalists were introduced to audio-visual storytelling and reporting with smartphones in a 2-week training course. The training arrangements were studied using participant observation and in-depth interviews, followed by a thematic analysis of the data. The study indicates that for print journalists and editors, the transition from the print to the mojo mindset depends on three dimensions: (i) mastering mojo skills, (ii) adopting visual thinking and (iii) integrating ethical and legal awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many newspaper analysts and media commentators have dismissed the national Sunday market as a disaster area beyond regeneration. Preston disagrees and points out that although circulations are falling in the Sunday market, the quality press is not faring badly: "In March 2008, quality Sunday sales were recorded as 2.04 per cent down on March 2007: better by far than mid-market and red-top Sundays (down 4.7 per cent and 3.81 per cent respectively) and better than quality dailies, down 2.51 per cent. It's not a dismaying result when you remember that Sundays are traditionally priced far higher than their Saturday in-house competitors." A brave proprietor wishing to launch a new newspaper should go for Sunday, perhaps with Saturday as an added extra, Preston argues. "Print perhaps only one set of magazines and add-ons to cover the weekend. And deal with the run of the week exactly how young readers in particular are tackling it: by logging on and surfing around the whole puzzle on paper for those with the time and inclination to think and brood... If you can marry the swiftness and cheapness on demand of the web with the relative permanency of print, then you have a total package." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to expand peace journalism scholarship by proposing a new peace journalism model for analyzing media representations of immigration. By employing framing and content analysis, the paper takes a closer look at the ways in which four Greek newspapers portrayed immigration in crisis-stricken Greece between 2011 and 2014. Results indicate that a conflict frame prevailed in the majority of all newspaper articles analyzed. In this context, immigration was portrayed (1) as an issue that generated conflict among different political and social groups, (2) through stereotypical portrayals of immigrants as a threat to public health and security, (3) as a mass of people in extreme conditions of exception, and (4) as a problem to almost every aspect of the Greek society: for tourism, trade, the economy or even Greece's relationship with the EU. A peace frame, conversely, was identified in around one fourth of all news stories. At the same time, findings lead us to conclusions that transcend the peace and conflict journalism dualism revealing five distinct subframes that provide a more nuanced understanding of the peace journalism concept; (1) a 'direct conflict subframe' enhancing division and dispute over immigration, (2) a 'journalism of conventions subframe' following well-established journalistic conventions with important consequences on the quality of information, (3) a 'journalism of values subframe' being closer to the traditional values of journalism, (4) a 'diversity journalism subframe', including all elements referring to a pro-immigrant approach, and (5) a 'positive peace subframe', closer to Galtung's notion of positive peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses mainstream journalism’s diversity measures from the perspective of minority audiences. Specifically, it focuses on Latinas/os’ perceptions of the San José Mercury News, a paper highly regarded for its professional standards and its commitment to cultural diversity. Based on a multi-methodological approach, the study shows Latinas/os’ persistent distrust of the Mercury News and how that distrust is grounded in a problem of representation. This problem of representation cannot be equated — as it is commonly done in journalism — with a mismatch between the paper’s portrayal of Latinas/os and an objective reality. Latinas/os feel excluded from the Mercury News not because reporters fail to cover the community objectively. Rather, a strict compliance with professional standards of objectivity constrain the newspaper’s capacity to represent, and thus to adequately serve, minority audiences. The paper concludes that journalism needs to move away from objectivist notions of representation and of cultural difference. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is a long and continuing tradition of alternative media being produced to challenge the discourse(s) of mainstream media. This article explores the ways in which the journalism of alternative media differs from mainstream journalism; whether or not alternative and mainstream media use different sources; and how relationships between producers and sources in alternative media differ from those in mainstream media. These questions are addressed by examining alternative media in the UK: first, by briefly tracing the history of that country's alternative press; second, by comparing how a major news story was covered by a mainstream local newspaper and an alternative local newspaper in the same city; third, by interviews with members of a collective producing a radical website that draws on the traditions of the alternative press. The analysis is informed by the concepts of the `public sphere' and the `alternative public sphere'; and takes issue with the categorization of alternative media as an exemplar of `failure'. The article concludes with some comments on the ability of alternative media to play a counter-hegemonic role in relation to mainstream media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Australia's only national general newspaper, with an elite 'political class' audience, The Australian has been at the forefront of newspaper proprietors' attempts to influence media policy. This article analyses The Australian's reporting of two key media policy proposals affecting newspapers: the establishment of the Australian Press Council in 1975-76 and the Independent Inquiry into Media and Media Regulation (the Finkelstein inquiry) in 2012-13. While the events were 36 years apart, the paper's stance and rhetoric were remarkably similar. However, its approach to journalism and to providing information to its audience changed in several important respects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features Alberto Ibarguen, chairman of the Miami Herald Publishing Company. Family and career background; Focus on the `El Nuevo Herald,' a Spanish-language newspaper; News exchanges entered by Ibarguen with fifteen Latin American newspapers; Independence granted to the newspaper; History of the `Miami Herald.'

Election coverage is often assumed to be different to everyday political coverage. We argue that this depends on political institutions. In majoritarian countries, where elections choose governments, election coverage should decisively move towards political competition and away from policy. In consensual countries, where coalitions are based on policy negotiations, there should be a less pronounced shift towards political competition and away from policy. To test this argument, we use an automatic coding system to study 0.9 billion words in Die Welt for 12 years and in the Financial Times for 30 years. The results support our institutional hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes slum journalism in the British provincial press and reveals that it continued to be a major theme until well into the twentieth century. Instead of the rather moralizing reporting of the earlier nineteenth century, this journalism used the device of civic shame to pressurize local government into taking action on slums as a matter of public health. It examines the discourses that resulted from civic shame in two newspapers—the Manchester Guardian and the Birmingham Daily Gazette —and challenges the idea that interest in reporting local political matters decreased during this period. Civic shame is shown to work in two ways—offering detailed vignettes of aspects of slum life based on personal observation and showing (some) slum-dwellers as worthy of better living conditions, and blaming the local authority directly for failing to address the problem. In this way, later slum writing sought to appeal directly to the reader not just to impart facts but to stimulate empathy and to develop a desire for action. Such in-depth studies of a particular social issue sought to address the local authorities directly, to apportion blame and to use slum writing as a tool for social action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts that occur across ethnic and/or religious identity lines generally have underlying root causes such as economic marginalization and political competition. Yet when these causes are ignored by politicians and the media, and conversely differences in ethnicity and religion are simply propagated as the main conflict causes, this may have serious consequences for people's perceptions concerning the possibility and feasibility of peaceful conflict resolution and coexistence. In this paper, we investigate to what extent Nigerian newspapers practice peace journalism by emphasizing underlying causes of conflict in their reporting rather than stressing ethnic and religious divisions. We make use of a sequential mixed methods approach, which combines a quantitative content analysis of news reports with semi-structured interviews with Nigerian newspaper editors and journalists. Our results indicate that Nigerian newspapers do not explicitly use divisive language when discussing conflicts, but they rarely stress underlying structural causes either. While there is a willingness among Nigerian journalists to avoid potentially escalatory language, a dearth of resources and capacities impedes independent and in-depth analysis concerning the underlying drivers of conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This monograph examines daily newspaper coverage of organized labor during the burst of union activity that began in the early 1930s. Three factors influenced labor reporting during this period: the dramatic rise of unions as a political, economic, and cultural force in the New Deal; trends in journalism, including the dominance of objectivity as an operating norm and the shift toward interpretive reporting; and journalists, their sources in labor leadership, and the emergence of the American Newspaper Guild. Union leaders were highly critical of the general circulation press and its coverage of labor issues. I argue that labor news was biased against unions, but that bias was not the result of a deliberate attempt to discredit unions. Despite prounion inclinations of some journalists, news values, news gathering routines, and newsroom practices shaped labor reporting in a way that emphasized organized labor's role in repeatedly challenging and disrupting the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the results of a four-year case study of organizational development at the "Saint Louis Post-Dispatch," a newspaper founded by Joseph Pulitzer. Connection between change initiatives and producing a better newspaper; Challenges faced by the paper at the end of the 20th century; Contribution of "Saint Louis Post-Dispatch" editor Cole C. Campbell to the field of journalism.

This article examines the adoption of cross-border collaboration practices by introducing the concept of 'intermediaries of change': individual journalists who drive the adoption and gradual normalisation of pioneering cross-border practices. We ask how they implement cross-border practices, integrate them into existing working routines, and how this influences their working conditions using a case study on Europe's Far Right, a network of seven newspapers that investigated far-right parties ahead of the European Parliament election 2019. We found that the network expanded journalists' research capacity and entails a 'domino effect' since journalists gain experience and establish cross-national ties, which enable them to better establish follow-up collaborations. While this might help to normalize cross-border practices, organisational structures and contexts of transnational journalism shape the degree of participation by different network members. Moreover, we found that cross-border collaborations might foster precarious working conditions and competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the transition of traditional newspapers and magazines to the online space is gathering pace, and the literature on multimedia journalism is proliferating, little attention has been paid to date to the implications of convergence for the press in regulatory terms. One such regulatory dilemma arises from the proliferation of video content on newspaper websites. It is this question and others at the conjuncture of press freedom and the dynamics unleashed by convergence that the papers in this special section seek to shed light upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the market has produced a differentiation inside the Chinese press between an ‘official’ press with traditional propaganda functions on behalf of the Communist Party and a ‘commercial’ press whose objective is to maximise revenue. Scholarly opinion has differed over whether marketization undermines Party control and whether new forms of journalism have arisen that lead to conflicts. These discussions have rested on little evidence as to the practises of Chinese journalism. This article presents empirical data on the extent of the differentiation, reporting on a content analysis of the national news in People’s Daily and Southern Metropolitan Daily. These titles are popularly believed to represent the polar opposites of official, orthodox journalism and commercial, liberal journalism. The evidence presented here demonstrates that while there are indeed significant differences in the journalism of the two titles, there remains a substantial overlap in their choice of subjects, their use of sources and the degree to which news is presented ‘objectively’. Southern Metropolitan Daily does display some ‘popular’ features and does contain more ‘watchdog’ journalism, but it shares with its official cousin an emphasis upon the party as the source for news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish civil war was a conflict that acted as a touchstone for the divisions within Irish society. As a newly-independent state that was 93 per cent Catholic, reporting a conflict that involved, on the one hand, an armed rebellion against a democratically elected government, and on the other, the killing of clergy and the burning of churches, proved divisive. The decisions by Ireland’s three national newspaper titles to send correspondents to Spain only further polarized opinion as their reportage reinforced divergent opinions on the origins and meaning of the conflict. The examination, through digital archives, of the activities of these correspondents sheds new light on the experiences of war correspondents in this conflict and on the ‘newspaper war’ that sought to influence public and political opinion on it. Similarly, the reactions to these reports give an insight into how divisive the conflict was within a state seeking to bed down its own democratic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vietnam News is an English language daily newspaper produced on behalf of the Vietnamese Government, as part of its market reform policies. Drawing on an analysis of 100 translations from the Vietnamese press and their rewrites by the paper's foreign sub-editors, as well as on interviews with sub-editors and journalist-translators working at the Vietnam News, the article documents the translation and adaptation decisions that constitute the process of globalizing the discourse of the Vietnamese press in this particular instance. Three kinds of decisions are discussed in turn: translation decisions affecting the English used, translation/adaptation decisions affecting journalistic style, and translation/adaptation decisions affecting cultural and ideological references in the source texts. The article ends by asking whether the Vietnamese press is best sewed by closely following the Anglo-Australian model, as it does at present, or by developing its own distinct local style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study examines the social institutional influence on how a nonprofit community newspaper conducts newswork. Utilizing both in-depth interviews and participant observation, the data illustrate how the government, the audience, donors and advertising impact news construction processes. The results are analyzed through both management and media sociology theories. Finally, the authors elucidate how nonprofit news organizations can optimally operate as an open-system (or organism), allowing for all peripheral social institutions to impact newswork without losing any autonomy over the journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Public Relations Committee came into being in 1938 as a service agency of the organization American Sociological Society. It was organized to interpret to the press the articles read before the thirty-third annual convention. Thirty-nine articles were received in advance, carefully read and analyzed from a press viewpoint as well as from the standpoint of the society's public relations problems, and converted into a form that would be readily assimilable by the press. The committee's activities have also embraced widespread advance publicity for the convention, including notes in the local newspapers of participants in the convention telling of their role, and above all the making of special arrangements with science editors for newspapers and newsgathering agencies through correspondence and personal contacts. As a result of its efforts, the committee believes that useful strides have been made towards establishing the society's annual convention as a source for scientific news. The volume of editorials, feature stories, news articles, and radio comments a year ago and the interest exhibited this year by newspaper people suggests that constructive interpretation can be done through the press in this highly controversial professional field.

This paper examines post-disaster local newspaper coverage associated with the Great East Japan Disaster of March 2011. On the basis of a long-term examination of several Tohoku disaster area newspapers, the research identifies in the coverage of the disaster a transition from multiple 'news' themes to a variety of thematic frames that are presented in long-term newspaper columns. The research uses a database keyword trend to establish a 'news-based' newspaper coverage baseline, with framing analysis identifying newspaper columns as the mode frame of longer-term disaster coverage in the local newspapers thereafter. On this basis, the specific thematic frames of these columns of three disaster area newspapers are examined. The research finds that while the newspaper columns of local newspapers reflect the specific disaster-related issues of their areas, there also emerged a column that frames the disaster more optimistically, positioning the disaster as a point of new beginning for Japan and thereby constituting a form of real-time public memory creation. The research contributes to better understanding of both local media response to large-scale disasters based on the case for Japan and proposes a new understanding of the newspaper, in the form of newspaper columns, in disaster journalism, that of public memory construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of de-convergence to analyse recent changes in the newsroom at the Dutch newspaper de Volkskrant. While the concept of convergence or multimedia journalism has been introduced worldwide, de Volkskrant decided to separate their print and online newsroom. In this de-converged model the traditional print journalist has made a comeback, no longer charged with multimedia tasks. De Volkskrant initially anticipated the digital age by developing a cross-media strategy in which an integrated newsroom would serve multiple platforms. However, the lack of a solid business model and cultural resistance of reporters hindered these ambitions. By creating a new digital newsroom for all the web titles the chain owns, it is argued that convergence on a vertical level (within a brand) has given way to horizontal convergence (within the publishing house). The article analyses the factors which influenced decision-making and how these forms of (de)convergence affect journalism practice and the newspaper brand. Findings are based on an in-depth ethnographic study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

For at least the past three decades journalism scholars have focused on two types of news - soft and hard - without reassessing these categories or adding to them. The present article investigates whether such neglect is warranted, through a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with 32 journalists and editors from the three main Israeli dailies: Yediot Ahronot, Maariv and Haaretz. The findings argue strongly for a third, intermediate category of news - 'general news' - as well as for more rigorous and comprehensive definitions of 'hard' news and 'soft' news that are here supplied. These three news categories were then tested on 465 news items of the above dailies which led to the categorization of a new newspaper type, lying somewhere between the elite and populist press. Methodological and substantive ramifications of this addition are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper primarily looks at one of the essential aspects of global (usually western) journalists' praxis of covering and depicting the other (generally the non-western). Content analysis of quantitative and qualitative attributes of media coverage of the SARS outbreak with regard to China and Vietnam from newspapers in five countries, including the Washington Post (USA), The Times (UK), the Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), the Globe & Mail (Canada), the Straits Times (Singapore), Newsweek and online news was undertaken. Findings show that while the western news coverage on China corroborated the image of the other in an unfavorable light, Vietnam was not portrayed as the negative other. Differences in China's and Vietnam's handling of SARS have affected their news coverage by the media. Both internal forces and external factors, interplaying and often competing, have contributed to the dynamic process of news coverage and image construction in the international media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the importance for journalists to reassert verbal clarity and improve their stories in response to the changing culture of journalism. He compares the difference of the media and national press in 1950s and 1960s and the current condition in which their common culture is delivered through moving images and sounds. The author encourages journalists to continue championing good writing in response to the speed of technological changes.

This paper examines newspaper coverage of protests from 1960 to 1999. Initial findings indicated protests received consistent levels of support over that time. In light of this, we expected little change in the extent to which these protests challenged the status quo. However, there was a steady decline, with protest coverage becoming less deviant throughout this study. Further analyses suggest disparities in coverage of different protest-types were apparent during the Vietnam War. The most drastic change in treatment of different protest-types was directly after the height of the anti-war movement followed by gradual change thereafter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on an ethnographic study, this article describes how the editorial-page staff at one San Francisco Bay newspaper think of the letter-writing public. It is suggested that the staff are skeptical about the value of the letters section as a site for democratic communication because of what they perceive as the poor quality of public participation, as well as the non-representativeness of the letter-writers. To be more specific, the editors speak the 'idiom of insanity', which plays off the idea that contributors to the section - the members of the letter-writing public - are insane or 'crazy'. This article examines the manifestations of the idiom of insanity and analyses its implications for deliberative democracy; it also suggests that the use of the idiom of insanity is a way for the staff to distance themselves from their work on letters to the editor, and renounce their responsibility to make democracy work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbiome has captured the attention of researchers and newspapers. We studied how the subject is covered in The New York Times, The Times, and El País via DowJones Factiva (2007–2019), analyzing aspects that included article type, word count, authorship, topic, and citation of researchers, organizations, and journals. We found that 87.6% of newspaper articles (409/467) were news articles and most were longer than 300 words (396; 84.8%), with The New York Times devoting the highest proportion to newspaper articles over 1000 words (99; 45.4%). While basic science findings received the most attention from newspapers from 2007 to 2015, topics related to medicine and nutrition attracted increasing attention from 2016 to 2019. Newspapers showed a domestic preference for their respective researchers, organizations, and journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine how male sex workers are represented in Thai newspapers. The analysis is contingent upon Reisigl and Wodak's concept of discursive strategy in conjunction with Machin and Mayr's compilation of transitivity analysis. Methodologically, this study employs corpus-assisted discourse analysis. The 45,769-word corpus consists of news articles retrieved from the websites of 11 Thai newspapers. They were published in English between the period of 2000 and 2019. Findings reveal that the media pursue the nomination, predication, argumentation, perspectivization together with intensification and mitigation strategies to portray male sex workers in a non-threatening fashion. Possible contributing factors behind such portrayal are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency is often discussed as a way to increase the public's perception of journalism. While its adoption by newsrooms is relatively well studied, only a few studies have investigated its effects on news users' credibility judgments. We build on research about transparency effects and report the results of two online experiments (total N = 2262), one with a local and one with a national newspaper frame. Our results suggest that transparency does not affect the perceived message and source credibility newspaper articles and that moderating factors such as cognitive involvement and media skepticism are more important predictors of credibility assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, India’s media sector has witnessed profound and transformative change reflected in the expansion of both outlets and audiences. According to recent estimates, the country has over a 100 news channels that reach 161 million TV households, about 94,067 newspapers, as well as over 200 million Internet users. These developments have engendered a growing discourse that emphasizes the growth and dynamism of Indian media. However, this predictably celebratory narrative does not focus on the more troubling structural trends that increasingly characterize the country’s media landscape. These include commercialism, rising levels of concentration and cross-media ownership, as well as the expansion of control by politicians and industrialists over the media. Employing a political economy perspective, this article explores the emergence and workings of these structural trends in depth. It challenges the popular perception that India represents a dynamic and pluralistic media landscape, and argues that contemporary trends in the Indian media landscape have significant and deeply negative implications for the production of news and the overall quality of journalism in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the subject index of the articles published in this journal. Some of the articles based on newsgathering are "Beauty and the Beasts: Significance of Press Coverage of the 1913 National Suffrage Parade," by Linda J. Lumsden, "Civic Journalism and Nonelite Sourcing: Making Routine Newswork of Community Connectedness," by Brian L. Massey, "Comparing Distinctions and Similarities across Websites of Newspapers, Radio Stations, and Television Stations," by Carolyn A. Lin and Leo W. Jeffres, "Differences in Knowledge Acquisition Among Readers of the Paper and Online Versions of a National Newspaper," by David Tewksbury and Scott L. Althaus, "The Metro Wide Web: Changes in Newspapers' Gatekeeping Role Online," by Jane B. Singer, "The Mundane and the Arcane: Prestige Media Coverage of Social and Natural Science," by William Evans, "News of Hurricane Andrew: The Agenda of Sources and the Sources' Agendas," by Michael B. Salwen.

This study, utilizing 19 in-depth interviews, offers a systematic qualitative investigation of the perceived impact of a newspaper's closure on community members' everyday lives and their sense of community. Results demonstrate a negative impact on community members' sense of community, with participants missing celebrated gatherings and noting increased isolation and diminished pride in their community. Findings also show the impact on residents' daily lives, with one participant declaring 'life is harder' without the newspaper. Overall, these findings present a picture of life in Caroline County, Virginia, following the Caroline Progress' closure after 99 years of service to the county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of Facebook and Twitter activity of 38 U.S. daily newspapers found strong correlation between the news organizations' use of social media tools and the size of the community and circulation of the print edition. Larger papers were more effective in using social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the solidification of the discourse of integration of the Gypsy/Roma in the European press following the fall of Communism. A discourse analysis focuses on the British and Romanian press between 1990 and 2006, and it suggests that, in the midst of opening of EU borders and talks of a European Constitution, the idea and necessity of integration grew in political popularity as a means to peaceably alleviate interethnic conflict. However, the discourse of integration has continuously shifted between assimilationist voices and projects that attempt to change the Gypsy other into a non-Gypsy, on the one hand, and human rights-inspired defense and advocacy for the Roma, on the other. This article further suggests that the press does more than confirm stereotypes; instead, uncertainties, contradictions, and changes mark press writing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To memoirs and soldiers' letters ,the new military historian must add soldier newspapers as a rich and useful source for understanding the fears and hopes of the troops of all ranks. By analysing the production and creation of these newspapers for the British, French, and German armies in the First World War, and indicating both the unique national traits of each nation's journals and the universal stories found across the three armies' newspapers, it is hoped that this article will point researchers toward the vast archive of soldier newspapers available for many of the wars of the last 250 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number of infographics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) newspapers has generally increased. The newspapers publish different types of infographics, but not on a regular basis. This study examined 180 issues of six UAE newspapers, conducted a survey with 19 graphic journalists and interviewed their chief editors to explore the current uses of infographics, the factors affecting its use and graphic journalists' perceptions of infographics. The study shows that the UAE newspapers still lag behind in the use of infographics and do not utilize all types of infographics. They mainly outsource services for infographics packages or illustration-based graphics. They do not have separate or specialized departments for infographics. They rarely combine infographics with news stories, especially on the front pages. Type-based graphics are more frequently used than charts and illustration-based graphics. The study shows a significant difference between the UAE English and Arabic newspapers in the type of infographics used and in its use on the front page. The graphic journalists see infographics as supplementary to the text and not an essential part of the newspaper's content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcomes of near simultaneous bids for the news organizations Reuters Group plc and Dow Jones & Co. Inc. in 2007 hinged on mechanisms of corporate governance put in place at each company to protect the integrity and independence of the editorial operations. Neither company is a particularly good model of good governance, since the restrictions — super-voting shares at Dow Jones, veto-power by the trustees of the Founders Share Company at Reuters — almost completely rule out an open market for corporate control. This article looks at Reuters — and in even greater detail at Dow Jones, where the private actions of the board and shareholders came into rare public view. It suggests that stewardship theory plays a large role in protecting a perceived social value of the integrity of the news, figuring more heavily in crucial board decision-making than shareholder value. But the outcome of both cases means that the tension between the two is not easily resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]