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The development of new technology such as internet and social media makes the future of the paper industries are getting worse. Local media does not immune from the phenomena. Serving to its communities is one of the strategy to be survive. It is done by several papers in Java Island. One of them is Suara Merdeka daily. How did this paper actualize its strategy on its framing content? Describing the frame of the information which was used to serve its communities was the main objective of this research. A framing theory and framing analysis in constructive paradigm was used to answer the problem. The content of Suara Merdeka daily was chosen purposively to get the evidence. There were some rubrics that contained the service to communities namely “Fokus Jateng”, “Liputan Khusus”, “Telisik”, “Spektrum”, “Her Spirit”, “Jalan-jalan”, “Layar”, “Trending Topic”, and “Hello Kampus”. The result showed more information framing on news than another framing. Besides, a certain education institution was published more than others. There was an unequal treatment to communities to be published in the paper. It is suggested, in the future, the paper should give the same treatment to its communities.

A rapid DNA extraction was used for T. cruzi detection in triatomines dry fecal spots collected on filter paper and analyzed by PCR. Fifty T. infestans were fed on experimentally infected Balb/C mice with high T. cruzi parasitemia and divided into five groups of ten triatomines, and 100 triatomines were infected with lower parasitemia and divided into five groups of 20 triatomines. One dry fecal spot was analyzed per group on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 post feeding. Amplification targeted T. cruzi TCZ sequence and resulted positive from day 4 after bugs feeding in the two models (high and lower parasitemia). The rapid DNA isolation and PCR proposed are suitable for detection of T. cruzi DNA in filter paper and should be considered in field research.

Increasing number of industry in Indonesia lead to produce large amount of waste. If the waste is not treated by phytoremediation, it will pollute the environment. One method to overcome this problem is phytoremediation process. Phytoremediation is the use of plant to reduce pollutants in both organic and inorganic compounds as well as to remove the contaminants. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of water hyacinth plant in absorbing paper industry liquid waste. Observations were made with phytoremediation of time 0, 7, 14, and 21 days with 2 treatment ie treatment covered by plastic and treatment not covered by plastic and by 4 concentration dilution ie 100% liquid waste, 75% liquid waste, 50% , and 25%. The result should that after 21 days of water hyacinth can reduce the COD level with the highest efficiency level of 1.63%, then BOD of 4.29%.

Paper as a material needs a lot of input energy. Many measures have been suggested to recycle paper, but still a huge amount of it ends in landfills. Hereby, one possibility for recycling paper - making paper plaster and putting it into service in indoor environment - is introduced. The study focuses on the moisture buffering properties of paper plaster. Two questions are under consideration in this article. Firstly, how paper type and production method influence the properties (dry density, drying shrinkage) of paper plaster, and secondly, what the material moisture buffering properties of paper plaster are. The plasters for testing were made from four types of paper (printer paper, glossy paper, newsprint and book paper). The production methods used were rumpling, grinding with a shredder or special crusher (prepared for the study) and soaking the paper after that. The dry density of groups varied from approx. 240 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3. The shrinkage properties were from 3% to 10% in diameter. To evaluate the moisture buffering ability of paper plaster, the methodology introduced in the Nordtest protocol was used. Paper plaster is an outstanding water vapour buffering material [MBV=2.23-3.91 g/(m2·%RH)] belonging to the moisture buffering class "excellent" defined by Rode [15]. From the production methods rumpling gave the best value while printer paper showed the best values from the chosen materials. The tests with glossy paper resulted in modest values. To conclude, all the paper materials and preparation methods introduced in this study can be used to make paper plaster

Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRV) are gradually becoming more popular in urban cities and buildings as it is able to effectively maintain the indoor air quality while also using minimal amounts of energy. The key component in the HRV is the Paper Heat Exchanger, which allows the heat exchange of indoor and outdoor air through a crossflow, while also filtering out stale air and dust particles. This article investigates the effect of manipulating the supply and exhaust air velocity on the enthalpy and temperature exchange efficiency of a paper heat exchanger. Data is obtained from experimental results, where the experiments are conducted in a test lab using heat recovery ventilators (HRV) installed with paper heat exchangers. Two paper heat exchangers from different suppliers were tested inside a HRV installed in an air conditioned room. The HRV fan speed was varied at a fixed interval of 0.5 m/s, and the air velocity was measured by using a wind speed meter. At the same time, a USB data logger was used to collect relative humidity and temperature of the air at the supply inlet, indoor air inlet, and return air outlet to determine temperature exchange efficiency and the enthalpy of air. The results of the testing shows that the HRV was able to achieve a temperature exchange efficiency of 47 to 63% and enthalpy exchange efficiency of 63 to 94% for PHEX-A, and a temperature exchange efficiency of 28 to 48% and enthalpy exchange efficiency of 57 to 85% for PHEX-B. The data shows that PHEX-A has higher efficiency than PHEX-B.

The paper describes the stages of paper production, considers the structure of a paper-making machine. Questions related to the proof and use of the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control are considered. Optimal paper web weight control system based on the Pontryagin’s maximum principle is presented. Adaptive learning methods for modeling nonlinear systems represent some of the latest advances in adaptive algorithms and machine learning techniques designed to model and identify nonlinear systems. Real-world problems always involve a certain degree of non-linearity, which makes linear models a suboptimal choice. This article may be of interest to research engineers and practitioners in the study and application of control systems using adaptive regulators. This book serves as an essential resource for researchers, graduate students and doctoral students working in the field of machine learning, signal processing, adaptive filtering, nonlinear control, system identification, cooperative systems, and computational intelligence. This book may also be of interest to the industry market and practitioners working with a wide range of nonlinear systems.

Using the bibliometric method, the paper output of Vocational Education Project of the National Education Science Planning from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed statistically according to the project type, journal, author, institution and high-frequency keywords. The statistical results show that the number of papers supported by the National Project is superior to that of the Ministry of Education, which indicates that the scientific research team of the National Project has a strong strength. More than half of the papers were published in core journals. Researchers from universities and vocational colleges jointly constitute the most high-yield authors. High-yield institutions are mainly composed of universities, while the vocational colleges need to be strengthened. The research focuses on the integration of industry and education, modern apprenticeship, Double High Plan, foreign vocational education and training, etc.

Using zirconium hydroxide as a decontaminant, a kind of self-decontaminating air filter paper that can effectively degrade HD was successfully prepared by impregnating. The morphology and filtration efficiency of the filter paper before and after immersing were compared. The filtration efficiency increased linearly and slowly, with the regression equation: η=0.0001L+99.971. The liquid-solid decontamination reaction of HD on zirconium hydroxide powder and self-decontaminating filter paper conformed to the kinetic of quasi-first-order reaction and found that half-lives were 0.4 h and 2.1 h respectively. Good degradation performance for HD was exhibited and the degradation rate reached more than 99 % in 12 hours. Reaction products were analysed by GC-MS, which displayed that HD was decomposed through the substitution of chlorine and the elimination of H on α-C. The ultimate decontamination products were thiodiglycol and 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl sulfide without erosive toxicity.

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of using energy resources of enterprises of the pulp and paper industry in Ukraine. It has been determined that the pulp and paper industry belongs to energy-intensive types of economic activity. Based on the results of the correlation and regression analysis, a connection was revealed and an economic and mathematical model was formed of the dependence of energy costs for the production of 1 ton of paper on the productivity of paper machines, equipment wear and the volume of investments in energy saving measures. Application of the proposed model will improve information support for the analysis of the effectiveness of energy saving measures, forecasting energy costs and strategic energy management in general. It was carried out at pulp and paper mills, the main obstacles to replacing fossil fuels with biomass in heat production were identified. This made it possible to develop a scientific and organizational model for the energy modernization of enterprises in the pulp and paper industry. It includes financial, organizational, environmental, regulatory, technological, scientific and educational tools. Their application at management will help improve the infrastructure of enterprises in terms of the use of renewable energy resources.

Currently, paper consumption is globally increasing and at an unsustainable level. However, traditional paper production could release excessive greenhouse gas emissions or wastewater, resulting in environmental contamination. To make the result more visual and persuasive, this study takes Time magazine as an example to analyze the impacts of the papermaking process on the environment. This study analyzes energy consumption from several sectors in the paper industry, carbon dioxide emissions, and discharge of condensed wastewater to show current consumption during traditional pulp and paper production. Results show that the papermaking process would consume a lot of electricity during the pulp preparing, pulp condition, pulp preparation, manufacture paper with pulp, and pulp processing stages. Meanwhile, various degree of carbon emissions is generated based on the physical and chemical changes in materials during the papermaking process. Two kinds of wastewater, including black and white liquor, are produced in the papermaking process. Several countermeasures are suggested to achieve a low consumption and sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry to solve these environmental problems. The suggestion includes the surrogate of electronic paper, carbon capture and storage, and wastewater recycling.

Heat Recovery Ventilator (VHR) is widely used nowadays as it is capable to maintain high Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) while minimizing the energy loss of indoor air through air-to-air heat exchanger principle. The main component that enables VHR to perform air-to-air heat exchange is known as Paper Heat Exchanger (PP-HEX). Hence, the objective of this research is to study and analyse the performance of a PP-HEX under different return and outdoor air temperatures as well as their effect on both enthalpy and temperature exchange efficiency. Moreover, some numerical models of VHR have been developed to optimize some complex cases and the numerical models are meant to reduce the physical experiments to analyze or improve complex cases in the future. To the best of the authors knowledge, there is no experimental data available from any sources to validate the numerical models. To address this issue, two different supplies of PP-HEX are tested with an actual VHR, and both PP-HEXs will be referred to as PP-HEX-A and PP-HEX-B due to confidentiality. Furthermore, the testing is conducted in a temperature-controlled testing laboratory and the testing conditions are set according to the ISO standard. The preliminary testing results show that the temperature exchange efficiency and enthalpy exchange efficiency of the PP-HEXs have the same trends while the outdoor air temperature is fixed and varying the temperature of indoor air. In contrary, the temperature exchange efficiency and enthalpy exchange efficiency of the PP-HEXs have the same trends while the indoor air temperature is fixed and varying the temperature of outdoor air as well. With the default voltage supplies (240V) to VHR and the setup conditions (according to the ISO Standard) of return air to be 27°C and outdoor air to be 35°C, the testing results show that PP-HEX-A has a temperature exchange efficiency and enthalpy exchange efficiency with a range of (37.97 – 40.28) % and (30.77 – 57.81) % respectively. While PP-HEX-B has a temperature exchange efficiency and enthalpy exchange efficiency with a range of (35.29 – 42.5) % and (39.6 – 55.93) % respectively.

With the rapid development of society and economy, the level of technology and culture in our country is constantly improving, and the content of product design extends from the product appearance design to the design of a whole system of product function, structure, material, production crafts, marketing, maintenance and recycling. The product innovation design thinking should not only consider a single factor, but also integrate the latest achievements in all aspects of the product design ecosystem. The research on innovative thinking and innovative design methods from all walks of life is also constantly systematized and theorized, but the innovative design thinking of products has different thinking characteristics and methods from other fields. This article combines product design examples of intelligent waste paper recycling machines to explore the application of innovative thinking methods in product design.

The current paper aims to present a comparison between soil-water characteristic curves based on the filter paper method and on a volume-mass estimation. Additionally, this research consists in comparing grain size distributions by sieving/hydrometer and by sieving/Cilas (particle-size analyser model 1092), when it comes to determining the soil-water characteristic curves by a volume-mass prediction on the Soil Vision software. As materials, were used two sets of colluvial soils sampled at the Campus Quinta do Paraiso -Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis – Brazil. The results showed that the soil-water characteristic curves related to the filter paper method or grain size distribution estimation are different. However, the tests performed by sieving/Cilas are more efficient than the results based on sieving/hydrometer, concerning its uses as input data for soil-water characteristic curves estimations. In conclusion, even considering the estimation method was not able to depict the same results such as obtained by the filter paper method, the use of Cilas is a procedure that can improve the quality of the predicted soil-water characteristic curve.

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

Context: Virtual reality is used in many courses and in multiple ways in medical pedagogy, but not in critical appraisal learning. Aim: To evaluate the usability and interest of virtual reality in this reflective teaching context. Methods: Sixteen third year of physiotherapy students' at the University of Limoges were taught critical appraisal of an article with virtual reality. Questionnaires asked them about their feelings, side effects (VRSQ), usability of the system (SUS) and user experience (AttrackDiff 2). A critical appraisal worksheet was completed by the students after reading a scientific article, and then completed after the virtual reality session, giving two formative scores. The students' learning path in the virtual experience was analyzed. Results: Learners scored significantly higher after viewing the virtual reality module (13.1 ± 3.0 and 14.3 ± 3.1 respectively, p < 0.05). Students described the tool as motivating, allowing them to focus and facilitating better understanding of a scientific study. Usability and attractiveness of the virtual reality module was satisfactory, despite the presence of some adverse effects. Conclusion: Virtual reality seems to be an interesting tool to use in the context of critical appraisal learning, and it can be deployed at distance in e-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides materials on the natural restoration of land cover in the territory occupied by the waste storage facility of the pulp and paper industry. The article contains information on the level of soil fertility formed on this territory as a result of decomposition of organic waste over 25 years. The composition of the phytocenosis is presented. The article provides materials on the ecological state of the studied object, and also considers the technological operations of reclamation of an authorized landfill in the areas of forestry and recreational land use, taking into account the ecosystem formed at the storage facility.

The industry developed rapidly since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The side effect of industrial development was a large amount of non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. All of this waste must be managed properly so that environmental sustainability is maintained and does not cause harm or problems to the community. A review will be conducted from various research journals in various countries and the types of waste also vary, namely plastic, pulp and paper industry waste, and other solid waste. A comparison of solid waste management will be carried on to reduce the generation of waste in the environment.

Experiments of a steel sphere oblique impact with a rubber cushion have been proceeded to research the variation laws of the specific energy at interface. The contact surfaces above and under the rubber cushion can be recorded with a thin carbon paper. The parameters of deformation volume and specific energy are analyzed by the developed formulas in different cases of the impact angle, cushion thickness, drop height and sphere diameter. It is found that the deformation volume and related geometrical sizes decrease approximately exponentially with the impact angle, and the volume of the tangential moving part reaches a maximum at 50° or 60°. The variation laws of the specific energy absorption/dissipation in normal are similar to that of the axis length. The tangential specific energy can be divided into three main phases, the first two appear the states of slow increase and plateau, between of them a fluctuating peak exists at 30–40°. In final phase, the energy absorption shows sharp increase, but the energy dissipation first increases and then decreases. In addition, they increase linearly with the drop height and sphere diameter, and an optimum cushion thickness of 4 or 5 mm in the given cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration transmissibility is an important factor to characterize the vibration absorption performance of cushioning packaging materials during transportation. Reasonable prediction of vibration transmissibility can guide antivibration design and reduce packaging cost. As a kind of green cushioning material, paper honeycomb sandwich structure is widely used in transport packaging because of its good machinability. But at the same time, it also has strong water absorption capacity. To a great extent, the vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structure may be affected by ambient humidity. In this research, the vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structures with various structure sizes under different humidity was tested by sine frequency sweep experiments. The rule of maximal vibration transmissibility with moisture content, cell length of honeycomb, and thickness of sandwich structure was analyzed. The results show that the maximal vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structure increases with the increase of moisture content, cell length of honeycomb, and thickness of sandwich structure. In order to construct the relationship between maximal vibration transmissibility and various factors, the moisture content was standardized. Finally, the maximal vibration transmissibility evaluation equation of paper honeycomb sandwich structure containing standardized moisture content and size of sandwich structure was obtained, which is of some reference value for vibration prediction of paper honeycomb sandwich structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-cultural differences in academic discourse as a field of applied linguistic research became mainstream at the end of the 20th century. Two fundamental concepts emerged at that period: one highlighted universal features of academic discourse, the other focused on ethnocultural peculiarities of cognitive and textual structures. Research in the field of academic discourse becomes particularly significant when applied to training and education of academic staff. Accepting the idea of universal features of academic discourse, we, however, tend to support the concept claiming that academic writing style may contain markers of ethnocultural identity of their authors. So, the aim of our research was to identify markers of ethnocultural identity in medical research texts. The study included comparative discourse analysis of research focused medical texts created by English-speaking (ES) and Russian-speaking (RS) authors. The results obtained have drawn us to the conclusion that despite universal features that scientific medical texts of the same genres share, they nevertheless manifest specific properties depending on the linguistic and cultural affiliation of their authors, i.e. markers of ethnocultural identity. This knowledge can contribute to international academic communication.

Direct hydrogen fuel cells are generally heavy and rigid systems based on metal or plastic materials, which are not suitable for various miniwatt and flexible devices. In this study, we have developed a lightweight and flexible fuel cell based on paper substrate embedded with an Al foil inside, which is used as an in-situ hydrogen source by reaction with an electrolyte solution during operation. Benefited from the inhibited hydroxyl transportation by the porous cellulose network, the vigorous Al corrosion reaction is well controlled even though strong alkaline electrolyte is adopted, so that the fuel cell can be discharged for more than 5 hours at 1 mA cm-2 (0.83 V) with only 3.5 mg Al foil. The corresponding faradaic and energy efficiencies are as high as 72% and 18.3%, respectively. The fuel cell flexibility is also quite good when facing different bending angles. Considering its moderate power output, this flexible paper-based hydrogen fuel cell is especially suitable for powering various miniwatt and flexible devices, such as wearable electronics, biosensors, RFID tags, etc. However, higher power can be obtained by suitable stacking of the fuel cell.

With many years of research, color ink-jet printing technology has reached the requirements of color ink-jet printing. The significance of this experiment is to find a suitable method to improve the quality of color ink-jet printing paper. In this work, the dispersion effect and types of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) on nano-SiO2 solution are discussed, and the most suitable PAAS dosage is selected. When the dosage of PAAS is 8%, the dispersibility of nano-SiO2 solution is much better, with an average color density of 1.60, a gloss of 59% and an ink absorption value of 10.2 cm. Adhesives also have a great influence on color ink-jet printing paper. When the amount of PVA is 30% of nano-SiO2, the average color density is 1.62. Glossiness and ink absorption are also the best.

Sudden natural disasters and public security incidents are emerging one after another. Scholars and governments are increasingly concerned about the issues of urban public security. This paper analyzes the high-cited literature on 261 urban security-related topics in Web of Science in the form of knowledge maps. We found that the United States and China have the strongest research on such issues as health, disease prevention and control, pollution, residential environment issues, agriculture and food issues etc. Among them issues related to new technologies are hotspots in urban security research.

The stages of the system analysis of an industrial energy system with a complex structure are considered by the example of pulp and paper production. The software of the structural and thermodynamic stages of the analysis is presented. The results of thermodynamic calculations of the elements of the energy system by the optimal sequence are given. A variant of the system modernization using a heat pump is presented.

This article reports the use of wastepaper pulp as a direct source of cellulose for producing superabsorbent polymer. The white papers obtained from the offices in Adamson University were cut into 1 inch square pieces and drenched with distilled water and borax. This procedure was done couple of times to achieve a pH of 8 and consistency of 1%-2%. Commercial cotton was used as control to compare and differentiate the properties and structures with the superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Various trials have shown the value of 60 acrylamide beads to produce SAP with optimum performance. FTIR analysis shows properties that are characteristics of cellulose-based SAP. In the present investigation, the influence of temperature, effect in varying salt concentrations, swelling rate and water retention at constant temperature were evaluated. The SAP’s maximum swelling capacity ranges from 0.6561 g to 1.0638 g regardless of the amount of NaCl used. The swelling rate of the SAP proves that it gets heavier with time. Hence, it can be implied that the ability of the SAP to retain water is good. The temperature dependence data revealed the sorption process was favorable at higher temperature. The SAP will absorb the highest amount of solution at 500C given that the solution is pure.

A PI/cellulose composite separator was prepared by adsorbing bacterial cellulose on a PI separator prepared via a papermaking process. The PI/cellulose separator exhibited good thermal stability and electrolyte wetting properties compared to commercial celgard 2340 separator. The amount of bacterial cellulose added was 20%. Bacterial cellulose fills the porosity of the PI separator. The PI/cellulose composite separator possesses excellent thermal stability even at 200 °C and high electrolyte wettability with a contact angle of 58°.

In this paper, the overall overview of concept of preservation regardless if it is preservation of physical records/archives or digital records/archives is discussed. The concept of the preservation discussed includes preventive preservation, restorative preservation, and content preservation. Then the concept of digital preservation. Furthermore, this paper highlighted the strategies and methods used in implementing the preservation of digital records/archives. The issues those are involved in the digital preservation implementation are also discussed.

This paper is a conceptual study that introduces the role of collaborative regulation into the supply chain resilience debate. The manufacturing supply chain of halal pharmaceuticals in Malaysia forms the context of the paper. In this paper, a critical review of previous studies on supply chain resilience, joint working relationships between supply chain actors, and collaborative involvement of regulatory authorities in supply chain relationships was carried out. Collaborative regulation for improved supply chain resilience is the coordinated, consistent, and strategic activities that includes: effective, as well as regular coordination and interactions; knowledge and information sharing, verification, and periodical monitoring, as well as enforcement of collaborative approaches to policy and regulatory control mechanisms via coercive force of isomorphism. The arguments put forward, contribute to improving knowledge, by specifying the conditions in which supply chain resilience is stronger in highly regulated contexts. This is an aspect that is ill reflected in the supply chain management literature.

Environmental and open public health aspects have an important and increasing role, especially in the exploration of natural fibers from recycle materials. The aim of this study is to synthesis cellulose from office waste paper and use it as a reinforcement filler to develop biocomposites. Epoxy reinforced kenaf fiber and cellulose composite were prepared in this study using polymer casting technique consisting of grinded kenaf fibre (natural fibre) 5% and epoxy 95% as reinforcement element. Cellulose was synthesized from recycled office papers and used as a filler to prepare cellulose/kenaf reinforced epoxy composite. Effect of cellulose to the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. Samples were fabricated by weight percentage of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of cellulose content. For mechanical properties impact test, Rockwell harness and tensile testings were conducted.

The design engineering is one of essential work in modern manufacturing environment. The optimization is principal technique to be used widely for searching the solution. However, primary process of optimization is to know the relation between design input parameters and target output. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach as an intelligent algorithm is proposed to construct the relation and also provides it in form of mathematic modeling. Even though the ANN modeling is so call a backblock due to difficulty to understand complicated equations, it is simply constructed by automate iteration process. A case of paper helicopter is used as an example of the application. The classical 2k Factorial design is used to provide an experiment plan to create training and testing data. 93 experiments are carried out. The architecture of ANN is set according to lowest Mean square error (MSE) of training and testing procedure. The result of 5-10-1 architecture has shown ability to accurately predict output, landing time, with MSE of 0.012. With such a highly quantitative accuracy of results, the developed model using the neural network approach can be used for finding the suitable input parameters to achieve a desired target output. In this case, the design of dimension (A) Depth of cut wing is 1.3 cm., (B) Length of wing is 12.9 cm., (C) Length of body is 9.0, (D) Width of body is 2.0 cm., and (E) Depth of cut body is 0 cm. yield the lowest area of a paper helicopter that can meet the target landing time, 2.85 + 5% second.

The Fenton-like process of catalyzing H2O2 with Fe2+ and cinder is adopted to subject pharmaceutical and paper-making wastewater to advanced treatment. The influence of each factor is determined using orthogonal experiment and single factor test. The optimal combination of influencing factors is 0.3mmol · L-1 of FeSO4 · 7H2O, [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=8:1 and 10g · L-1 of pyrites cinder. The reaction time in pharmaceutical wastewater and paper-making wastewater is 30min and 60min respectively, testifying to the fact that the reaction in pharmaceutical wastewater is faster than that in paper-making wastewater and the lower utilization rate of cinder in pharmaceutical wastewater. Under the optimal reaction condition, the COD removal rate of these two kinds of wastewater can reach as high as 65% and 72%. Characterized by simple operation and requiring less reagent dosage, this method does not have to regulate the pH of flooding water and allows the repeated usage of cinder.

Turnover intentions in academic institutions has become one of the main concern of the management as surviving and achieving excellence is very much about having the knowledgeable and committed employee. Therefore, it is one of the main and foremost issue for a management of higher education institution to give important. There are many factors that influence an academician to have turnover intentions. Hence, this study’s focus was to investigate the relationship between role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. The variables studied in this paper were analyse from a research framework. The finding of this study has been discussed on role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. Conclusion has been drawn from the support of literature that states that the variables influences on turnover intentions. This paper’s finding provides valuable guidance for researcher and practitioners to overcome and improve the current mechanism to reduce turnover intentions. The research has also found few new paths for thinking on how to manage employees that having turnover intentions in any organizations.

The bibliographic science papers with high citations rates are often used as an indication of the science impact of an observatory. These high impact papers are presented as examples of the best science being done with an observatory’s data. But, is the number of citations by itself a good indicator of the scientific impact of the paper, and is impact a good indicator of the scientific impact of the observatory? In this paper we will present results from a recent study of Chandra high impact papers and suggest some alternative methods for identifying such papers. This work has been supported by NASA under contract NAS 8-03060 to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for operation of the Chandra X-ray Center.

Flame spread over combustible solid must be precisely identify in fire hazard and this is the basic problem in fire safety engineering field. To explore the flame spread mechanism over combustible solid, the downward flame spread behaviour over paper and bagasse has been investigated in this experiment. It found that the combustion pattern for paper was slightly different from the bagasse on the front view and this was analysed through the observation. The result also showed that the flame spread rate for paper is higher compared to the flame spread rate for bagasse. It seem that, although bagasse is the combustible solid the rate of flame spread is lower and the usage of bagasse can help to control the flame spread.

Paper is mainly made up of cellulosic fibrous materials. On one hand, the nature of the fibres (softwood or hardwood) and on the other hand, their mechanical treatments severely affect the obtained porous structure. The porosity can vary from 1% to 95% according to the aimed end-use properties. Consequently, the mechanical behaviour strongly varies. Indeed, the mechanical resistance is related on the quality of fibres and the bonds between these fibres. Moreover, the mechanical behaviour of the final products is influenced by both the orientation of fibres and moisture. Consequently, it is important to better understand the moisture-induced changes of dimensions and mechanical properties of papers. Experiments were undertaken to this end. Moreover, in order to observe the fibrous microstructure of paper, experiments based on synchrotron microtomography were carried out with the help of the "European Synchrotron Radiation Facility" (ESRF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has great deal of attention towards customer value since the concept of value creation prompted in the Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic in marketing theory (Vargo & Lusch, 2004). With that, one of the aspects that is crucial is building and maintaining relationships that prepares customers for future co-creations. In context of higher education institutions (HEIs), students move from one life cycle stage to another, thereby needs and expectations also evolve, and when they graduate, it may dissolve. With service innovations, a smart active relationship between students and HEIs should be part of any institutions internal branding efforts. As institutions delve into relationship with students, their focus on co-creation with an aim to translate students to advocates, someone who will spread the positive word-of-mouth, defend the brand, and most importantly to feel a sense of responsibility to represent the brand, when need arises. This calls for HEIs to not only manage exchange processes in their internal branding efforts, but also focus on students’ perceived value-in-use (ViU). The purpose of this paper is to explore perceived ViU of students at private HEIs, from the effects of extra-role behavior, trust, self-brand connection and brand prominence towards influencing students to engage in advocacy behavior.

Despite a large variety of facilities helping to either select or manipulate data from Web interfaces, it remains diffcult to provide users with relevant scientific or technical annotations for those data. Introducing such content by hand into a Web interface is a tedious job with a risk of providing in complete or inadequate content. To overcome this diffculty, we are exploring the possibility of using the names of exposed quantities to index a text corpus. This index can be used to show the most relevant text snippets in a given context. The full text can be displayed by user request and automatically scroll down to that snippet. Our approach is based on the conversion of PDF papers into machinereadable files that are indexed by a search engine. Index entries are reported as PDF annotations that are used to control the display. This workflow has been tested on the IVOA standard corpus as a proof of concept. It has then been applied to the XMM-Newtonuser guides for our catalog interface. Finally, it has been adapted to find resources within portals exposing a lot of various data collections.

L'utilisation de la spectrofluorimétrie comme méthode d'analyse des hydrocarbures polynucléaires a été envisagée sur une fraction polyaromatique d'extraits de vase marine. Cette technique nécessite un fractionnement préalable par chromatographie sur papier. La comparaison des spectres d'excitation et de fluorescence de chaque bande de papier à un Rr déterminé avec des composés de référence permet l'identification et le calcul d'un ordre de grandeur de la quantité d'hydrocarbures polynucléaires prédominants, présents dans les fractions aromatiques et « résines » de l'extrait de vase. An experimentwas made using spectrofluorimetry as a way of analyzing polynuclear hydrocarbons in a polyaromatic fraction from marine mud extracts. This technique requires prior fractionation by paper chromatography. A comparison of the excitation and fluorescence spectra of each paper band at a specific Rr with reference compounds served ta identify and calculote an order of magnitude for the amount of predominant polynuclear hydrocarbons present in the aromatic fractions and « resins » from the mud extract.

This article introduces the use of PCI software production day draw satellite is projective like production process, analyzes the key technologies in the production, summarizes the Suggestions to improve the quality of results, strengthen quality control method is proposed, for the day draw satellite orthogonal projection as mass production work has carried on the beneficial exploration.

Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences. It is well known that the period covering about seven centuries, from Aryabhata to Bhaskaracharya II (c. 476-1150), was the golden age of Indian astronomy. In the present study, we identify research trends and the growth of knowledge in the field of astronomy science research. The study is an essential tool to measure the scientific publications in the field. This study analyses the publications of astronomy research in India published during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The study assesses how astronomy progresses in India and its impact is reflected in the science citation index over the period 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The publication output has been analyzed using quantitative and qualitative indicators, such as progress in research article publishing, change in authorship patterns, citation patterns during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015, articles that received the most citations, and international collaboration with other countries. Further, the study investigated highly prolific authors and highly preferred journals. The author is from one of the FORSA institutes, therefore the study includes a separate ranking for FORSA institutes in term of output as well citations.

The article deals with the issues and methods of teaching translation and interpretation of scientific and technical papers to engineering students from a linguistic point of view. The authors describe the concept and special features of technical translation as a professional activity compared to different kinds of translation. The paper analyzes stylistic, lexical and phraseological, and grammatical peculiarities of scientific and technical papers. Moreover, the authors suggest the main techniques of translating scientific and technical papers such as direct and indirect translation methods.

This paper presents a review of literature relating to Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) in Gas District Cooling plant. The gas district cooling plant uses either vapour compression process or absorption process for the chilled water generation. Both processes have impacts on the economic aspects as well as the contribution to CO2 emissions; thus, integration of the cost and environmental analysis of both processes are necessary. An extensive body of literature exists on both subjects, however, there is very limited number of available literature on the integration of LCC and LCA. The purpose of this review is to find the most suitable optimization model which can integrate the LCC and LCA to provide the best decision in choosing the most cost-effective and environment-friendly system. This review assesses the literature from thirty-four journals, research papers, and case reports from the year 1995 to 2017. The result of this review shows that the goal programming methodology is the appropriate method for integrating LCC and LCA because it provides the optimal decision in choosing the most cost-effective, environment-friendly system for the chilled water generation.

The paper presents results of a comparative analysis of parameters of two kinds of solid dielectrics used in air insulation systems to prevent occurring partial discharges. The research works regarded materials made of: cellulose pressboard and aramid paper. All measurements were performed under laboratory conditions by changing the value of partial discharges generation voltage until breakdown occurred in the inhomogeneous environment that was simulated using needle-plate (made of copper) electrode system. The main contribution which resulted from studies is a statement that potential use of aramid paper as a dielectric can extend the life of a high voltage electric device as compared to standard cellulose pressboard usage due to higher electric resistances to breakdown or detection of corona voltage. Results shown that the aramid paper has greater electric resistance to breakdown in comparison to cellulose with no difference between both on detecting corona of partial discharge.

This paper analyzes the capability of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) setup to visualize paper structure by comparing experimental and Monte Carlo (MC) simulated OCT images. In the experiments, we used an OCT setup at 910 nm with the coherence length of an SLD source of 7.5 µm. Several different refractive index matching agents were applied to paper samples to enhance the visualization of their inner structure. The obtained OCT images show improved contrast in inner structure and enhanced visualization depth. A set of corresponding simulations were then performed using a previously developed MC code. A multilayer paper sheet model with non-planar fiber-air interfaces was developed to characterize the paper samples. MC simulations were carried out to study the effect of the setup parameters on the obtained OCT images. A comparison with the experimental data shows that the developed model provides a satisfactory correspondence between simulated and experimental images.

Depuis quelques années, dans l'élaboration de structures destinées à l'exploration et à l'exploitation des hydrocarbures en mer, le choix se porte parfois sur les structures en béton plutôt que sur les structures en acier, en particulier dans les zones difficiles de la mer du Nord. C'est pourquoi il nous a semblé intéressant de faire le point des connaissances actuelles sur le comportement du béton à l'eau de mer. Les problèmes les plus importants se situent au niveau de la zone de marnage, c'est-à-dire la zone où le béton est alternativement immergé. Ils sont de tous ordres : contraintes mécaniques avec érosion et cavitation, action capillaire de l'eau avec alternance d'humidification et de séchage, action du gel et du dégel. Les moyens de lutte ne manquent pas : constructions massives, voire surdimensionnées, résistant au choc, choix des formes, mise en aeuvre soignée d'un béton de qualité riche en ciment, correctement dosé en agrégats, dur, dense, compact, imperméable; introduction dans le béton d'un entraineur d'air pour diminuer les effets du gel. L'utilisation d'un ciment prise mer et le choix d'un rapport eau/ciment voisin de 0,45 sont hautement recommandés. Quant à la corrosion, elle concerne les structures en béton à tous les niveaux, aussi bien dans la zone immergée en continu que dans la zone alternativement immergée. L'attaque du béton par les sulfates contenus dans l'eau de mer conduit à la formation de sels de Candlot qui provoquent une dégradation du béton. Le remède consiste à limiter la teneur en aluminate tricalcique du ciment. L'attaque des aciers de renfort par les chlorures a fait l'objet de nombreuses études: la solution consiste surtout à protéger les aciers par galvanisation ou protection cathodique. D'une manière générale, le béton placé dans ce milieu agressif que constitue l'eau de mer subit des contraintes mécaniques et physicochimiques importantes, mais on sait en général y remédier, puisque certaines structures en béton ont été immergées plus de cinquante ans sans dommages. Ce qui est encore mal connu, bien que des publications commencent à apparaitre sur le sujet, c'est le comportement du béton à la fatigue en milieu marin. Il est clair que les expérimentations dans ce domaine présentent un grand intérêt pour les réalisations futures de structures off-shore. Recently, concrete structures have become a popular design alternativeto traditional steel structures, especially in rough secs such as in the case of the North Sea. This is why it seems pertinant to understand concrete behavior in a marine environment. The most important problems were found to be in the tidal range arec : mechanical stresses, permeability, freezing and thawing. Most of these have been solved by using highly resistant structures, by the choice of structural forms and by using high quality concrete of low permeability and adequate workability.

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR’s. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are formed by mutual members in conducting activities to enhance social welfare of its members and public. The issue of governance of NGO arises when such social welfare fail to be achieved. Principal-agent theory explains that agent (elected CEO or key committees) is responsible to carry out NGO activities aligned with principals interest (which described in NGO missions and goals). If CEO or key committees are being paid to govern NGO, emolument is primarily perceived as a signal to level of governance of NGO. This study objectively to determine factors that influence the decision of emoluments paid to elected CEO or key committees. Subsequently, this study is to analyze the level of governance of NGO. NGO registered in Melaka will be selected from Registrar of Societies (ROS) in Melaka. Therefore, data for this study will be collected using data from ROS Melaka. 594 registered NGO that located in Melaka will be contacted and interviewed to complete structured questionnaire. Data collected will be analyzed using SPSS software to determine the factors that influences emolument decision. Subsequently, data will be analyzed to determine the level of governance of NGOs in Malaysia, which related to emoluments decision making.