529 results
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2. Value co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices: Literature review and future agenda: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper.
- Author
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Zhao, Yuxiang Chris, Lian, Jingwen, Zhang, Yan, Song, Shijie, and Yao, Xinlin
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CULTURE , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *INFORMATION resources management , *STAKEHOLDER analysis , *PUBLIC administration , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *HEALTH , *INFORMATION resources , *INFORMATION science , *BUSINESS , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *ACCESS to information , *GOVERNMENT policy , *MEDICAL informatics , *LITERATURE reviews , *INFORMATION technology , *GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
Value co‐creation as a research topic has been a critical proposition of interest to a wide range of disciplines. In recent years, the field of cultural heritage has also developed a range of information practices to promote different forms of value co‐creation. While the body of literature has begun to accumulate, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of conceptual foundations and how value co‐creation is implemented in cultural heritage information practices. This paper conducted a hermeneutic literature review to understand and conceptualize the core aspects of value co‐creation in various cultural heritage information works. In particular, this paper provides a research mapping of the genres of co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices, the actors, and the roles played by the stakeholders. Further, this review provides an overview of the dominant value co‐creation models in the cultural heritage field. It distills the drivers of value co‐creation and the core value consequences that arise from a process perspective. Finally, this paper puts forward a thematic, theoretical, and methodological agenda for future work based on these findings. The review contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that summarizes the core elements of value co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices. The framework also serves as a call for action, providing a general understanding of the conceptual foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Enhancing a Sense of Academic and Social Belongingness of Chinese Direct-Entry Students in the Post-Covid Era: A UK Context
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Xianghan O'Dea
- Abstract
Transnational routes such as direct-entry have become a more attractive option for Chinese students, due to the pandemic-imposed travel restrictions in China. The rise of Chinese direct-entry students can potentially lead to a significant increase in demand for academic and non-academic support not only after their arrival, but also before their departure from China. By applying Schlossberg's transition theory, this paper seeks to develop a good understanding of the academic and social belonging of Chinese direct-entry students in the UK through re-analysing the portraits (written narratives) of a previous research project. The findings indicate that these students were feeling disconnected from the academic and social communities. The factors affecting their sense of belonging are described using the 4S framework, namely self, strategies, situation and support. The paper ends with recommendations to key university stakeholders on how the partner institutions in China and the UK can help enhance a sense of academic and social belongingness of Chinese direct-entry students.
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- 2024
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4. Assessing ethics and sustainability standards in corporate practices
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Leal Filho, Walter, Viera Trevisan, Laís, Paulino Pires Eustachio, João Henrique, Simon Rampasso, Izabela, Anholon, Rosley, Platje, Johannes, Will, Markus, Doni, Federica, Mazhar, Muhammad, Borsatto, Jaluza Maria Lima Silva, and Bonato Marcolin, Carla
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- 2024
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5. Challenges of the MSE sector in the digital economy in Poland and Ukraine: comparative and statistical analysis
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Remlein, Marzena, Chugaievska, Svitlana, Dehnel, Grażyna, and Romanchuk, Kateryna
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- 2024
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6. Enterprise education in undergraduate business programmes advances students' negotiating competence and self-confidence
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Enstroem, Rickard and Benson, Lyle
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- 2024
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7. STEM Teacher Professional Learning through Immersive STEM Learning Placements in Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
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Mairéad Hurley, Deirdre Butler, and Eilish McLoughlin
- Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an increased focus on designing STEM learning experiences for primary and second-level students. We posit that for teachers to design rich learning experiences for their students, they must first have the opportunity to develop their own STEM knowledge and competences, either during their pre-service teacher education or as part of their professional learning as in-service teachers. This systematic review of literature examines programmes which offer either pre-service or in-service teachers immersive learning experiences through placements in STEM roles in business or industry. A total of nine papers were identified in this review, featuring three unique programmes--one in the UK for pre-service teachers, and two in the USA involving in-service teachers. The findings indicate a variation in motivation and structures across the three programmes. The influence on teachers' personal and professional development, and their intentions to change their classroom practices or behaviours to incorporate more 'real-world' contexts into their STEM learning activities, inspired by their experiences in industry, is discussed. This study presents recommendations for the design and implementation of immersive learning placements in industry to support STEM teacher professional learning, as well as suggestions for further studies to examine the influence on their classroom practice.
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- 2024
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8. Towards a More Balanced Treatment of Culture in International Business Using an Ethnographic Design: A Multinational Family Business Case Study
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Viktoriya Zipper-Weber and Andrea Mandik
- Abstract
Purpose: The negative cultural bias vis-à-vis international business and cross-cultural management has been duly acknowledged, necessitating recommendations towards investigating its positive effects. Methodologically, quantitative research clearly predominates, and there have been calls for alternative approaches. Thus, this conceptual paper addresses the research gap (methodological and thematic) by investigating if multicultural teams can be an essential part of the global workforce and whether positive effects exist regarding dynamic capabilities, learning and knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach: The underlying ethnographic research design enabled exploring within the embedded single case study from an emic perspective, including qualitative observation and semi-structured expert interviews, and provided detailed insights into the company's multicultural work environment. Findings: The results reveal that applying a qualitative design allowed the needed exploration and show that multicultural, geographically dispersed teams are positively experienced and considered necessary in today's globalised world. They are likely to increase in the future. Moreover, dynamic capabilities (multicultural competencies) are indispensable for multicultural teamwork. Regarding learning opportunities, different viewpoints for discussion and the ability to reflect on these offer valuable insights. In line with theory, multiculturality is considered a "two-edged sword", providing simultaneous benefits and challenges. Contrary to the theory, even highly important information transfers can occur virtually, although occasional physical contact is essential for trust building. Originality/value: The multinational family business offers a unique example of a positive relationship between multiculturalism and organisational excellence and demonstrates how the application of a qualitative methodology can support theory building by delivering a revised model of dynamic capabilities in multicultural environments with geographical dispersion.
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- 2024
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9. Digital Quality's Role in Us Online Higher Education
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Subhajit Chakraborty
- Abstract
Purpose: The emergence of internet-based business models has given rise to online higher education institutions (OHEIs) that offer their undergraduate and graduate degree programs exclusively online with minimal physical presence. Research on OHEIs discusses the need for external legitimacy and resource acquisition, often ignoring the role of quality among these institutions. Hence, this study aims to investigate the role of digital quality of education on OHEIs' survival. Design/methodology/approach: Guided by four different inter-disciplinary theories, a conceptual framework is offered based on a comprehensive literature review. Findings: The role of digital quality of education in improving the survival and strategic competitiveness of institutions in the US online higher education industry is highlighted. Research limitations/implications: This conceptual paper highlights how the digital quality of education becomes increasingly important over the life cycle of OHEIs. Practical implications: The proposed framework suggests that despite the competition provided by traditional and well-entrenched players, OHEIs can improve their survival and competitiveness if they invest strategically in the digital quality of education. Originality/value: This study offers an overarching conceptual framework developed through an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives and grounded in the US online higher education industry.
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- 2024
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10. Teaching a Report-Oriented Business Intelligence Course: A Pedagogical Experience
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Yao Shi, Judith Gebauer, Douglas M. Kline, and Mark L. Gillenson
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As the demand for business intelligence (BI) professionals continues to grow, educators need to calibrate their instruction to accommodate the demand of practitioners for specific technical skills while also providing college students with a broader foundation that includes a general understanding of BI concepts and problem-solving skills that are applicable across disciplines. This paper describes a pedagogical method called report-oriented learning which seeks to combine the established methods of problem-based learning and case-based learning. Report-oriented learning requires students to reflect on the knowledge gained during the conceptual parts of the course and use critical thinking and storytelling skills as they prepare and present several comprehensive reports in class. We applied the report-oriented method in a business intelligence course that consists of four instructional approaches: (1) section preview, (2) lectures and quizzes on basic concepts, (3) application of concepts and development of practical skills with hands-on projects, and (4) comprehensive reflection and inquiry in the form of reports. We surveyed students with anonymous questionnaires in the report-oriented BI courses from 2021-2023. The results indicate that the method was effective and perceived by students as having improved their critical thinking and practical skills related to the application of BI techniques and the professional presentation of their findings.
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- 2024
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11. Teaching Tip: Enhancing Student's Understanding of Enterprise Systems Using Salesforce
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Jason Triche, Tianxi Dong, Jacki Landon, and Ezekiel Bai
- Abstract
The adoption of enterprise-wide systems like Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems continues to grow globally. Due to the prevalence of CRM software in businesses and CRM's expected growth, Information Systems (IS) graduates will likely interact with a CRM system in their careers. However, learning enterprise systems like CRM is challenging for students due to the complexities surrounding integrating people and processes around a technology platform. This paper illustrates how an information systems course employs a CRM project using an experiential learning approach to help IS students develop functional and technical knowledge of CRM and discover creative ways to solve business problems using Salesforce. Project details, exercises, and lessons learned from previous project implementations are provided. Results of students' assessments indicate the hands-on Salesforce CRM project can lead to improved functional and technical learning outcomes.
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- 2024
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12. Analyzing destination country risk profiles in business study abroad programs: a neural network approach
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Brattin, Rick L., Sexton, Randall S., Austin, Rebekah E., Guo, Xiang, Scarmeas, Erica M., and Hulett, Michelle J.
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- 2024
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13. Declining Responsiveness at the Establishment Level: Sources and Productivity Implications
- Author
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Cooper, Russell, Haltiwanger, John, and Willis, Jonathan
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Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
This paper studies competing sources of declining dynamism. Evidence shows that an important component of this decline is accounted for by the reduction in the response of employment to shocks in US establishments. Using a plant-level dynamic optimization problem as a framework for analysis, four potential reasons for this decline are studied: (i) a change in exogenous processes for profits, (ii) an increase in impatience, (iii) increased market power, and (iv) increasing adjustment costs. We identify and quantity the contribution of each of these factors building on a simulated method of moments estimation of our structural model. Our results indicate that the reduction in responsiveness largely reflects increased costs of employment adjustment. Changes in market power, as captured by changes in the curvature of the revenue function, play a minimal role. But, in the presence of rising adjustment costs, measured sales-weighted markups using the recently popular indirect production approach rise substantially, along with rising dispersion and skewness of such measured markups. JEL classification: E24, E32, J23 Key words: declining dynamism, adjustment costs, employment, Working Paper 2024-3 1 Motivation The decline in dynamism in US establishments is well documented. In the 1980s, the pace of job reallocation across establishments in the US private non-farm [...]
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- 2024
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14. MEETINGS AND EVENTS
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Meetings ,Weather -- Conferences, meetings and seminars ,Business ,Earth sciences ,Conferences, meetings and seminars - Abstract
2024 May 36th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology 6-10 May, Long Beach, California Session topic proposal deadline: 28 July 2023 Abstract deadline: 29 November 2023 Early registration deadline: 1 [...]
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- 2024
15. Criminal Convictions and Employment
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Van Doren, Peter
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Labor market ,Business ,Government ,Law - Abstract
* 'Labor Market Impacts of Reducing Felony Convictions,' by Amanda Agan, Andrew Garin, Dmitri Koustas, et al. SSRN Working Paper no. 4606702, October 2023. Previously in Regulation, law professors J.J. [...]
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- 2024
16. Institutional Business Power: The Case of Ireland's Private Home Care Providers.
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MERCILLE, JULIEN and O'NEILL, NICHOLAS
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HOME care services ,LOBBYING ,INTERVIEWING ,CONTRACTING out ,BUSINESS ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL practice ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The marketisation of European home care has given rise to significant private for-profit providers growth. However, little research has focused directly on commercial companies to examine the mechanisms through which they emerge, grow and shape long-term care policy – this is this paper's task. Drawing on the literature on business power, the recent concept of "institutional business power" is introduced, defined as the power flowing from the entrenched position of business actors in the provision of public social services. The paper identifies the mechanisms through which private providers have grown and assesses the extent of their institutional power by examining their influence on policy and the support they obtain from relevant home care stakeholders. The limits of providers' institutional power are also discussed. The paper relies on semi-structured interviews with representatives of public, private and non-profit home care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Lost in Categorisation? Employment Subsidies – Bringing the Beneficiaries Back In.
- Author
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ROBERTSHAW, DAVID KEITH
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PRACTICAL politics ,EMPLOYEE recruitment ,EMPLOYEES ,JOB involvement ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,GOVERNMENT policy ,BUSINESS ,EMPLOYMENT ,WAGES ,TERMS & phrases ,DECISION making ,COST analysis ,GOVERNMENT aid ,COALITIONS ,PUBLIC welfare ,JOB performance ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PERSONNEL management ,EMPLOYEE retention ,INDUSTRIAL relations - Abstract
Employment subsidies are important active labour market policy (ALMP) tools, suited to a variety of labour market challenges. This paper engages with recent ALMP categorisation debates by appraising Cronert's (2019) recent typology of employment subsidies. It uses empirical material to assess the typology's explanatory power and produce insights to inform further typological development. The illustrative case of the British ' Wage Incentive' (2012-2014) is used to assess the typology's analytical purchase. Cronert's typology helpfully identifies key distinctions in the distributional profiles of employment subsidies, but further understanding of the category is impeded by the practice of defining them as demand-side interventions. The paper argues for a reappraisal of their supply-side characteristics, maintaining that the (potential) worker should be included in the analysis, and that employment subsidies' relationship with training and job creation should be acknowledged. It proposes a redefinition of employment subsidies reflecting their real-world use, and suggests a framework for further exploring varieties of employment subsidy design from the perspective of beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. CRITERIA FOR IMPLEMENTING SMART CONTRACT TECHNOLOGY FOR HR PRACTITIONERS
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Ioakimidis, Marilou and Magoutas, Anastasios
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Human resource directors ,Security management ,Human resource departments ,Contract agreement ,Company personnel management ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
It is widely held that smart contracts on a blockchain possess several unique properties, including immutability, disintermediation, and enhanced security, that can be advantageous to organizations. In particular, having these properties can enable smart contracts to benefit human resources departments in a number of ways, including applicant verification, tracking employee skills and tasks, and facilitating compensation. However, it is also reported that effectively implementing smart contracts involves a number of challenges to HR managers. To address these challenges, it would be valuable to establish criteria to help HR managers employ smart contracts successfully. The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of such criteria. The paper first provides an overview of the nature of blockchain and smart contracts and then, based on a review of relevant literature, describes how implementation of blockchain-enabled smart contracts in an HR department may benefit an organization by producing transaction cost savings through expediting processes, enhancing security, and reducing intermediaries. The paper then focuses on various challenges that have been identified in the literature to the successful use of smart contracts. These include issues regarding smart contract integrity, immutability, and security, as well as potential problems associated with a variety of legal issues. Synthesizing this information, the paper develops a set of best practice guidelines to help HR managers determine whether and how to employ smart contracts successfully for HR-related processes. The guidelines emphasize the importance of initial understanding and testing of planned smart contracts, protecting security by ensuring that only permissioned people can access smart contract data, and guaranteeing the integrity of smart contracts by paying very close attention to the translation of natural to programming language and establishing robust reviews of programmed contracts. Policy implications of the guidelines include the importance of HR departments ensuring that all employees who are involved in implementing the technology have a good understanding of the nature and capabilities of smart contracts, that robust methods be implemented to guarantee that the contracts are correctly programmed, and that HR managers keep abreast of legislative environment related to legal issues that may affect their department's use of smart contracts. JEL classifications: M12, M5, O33, L20 Keywords: Smart Contract, HRM, Blockchain technology, INTRODUCTION Utilizing smart contracts on a blockchain can improve processes common to human resource management (HRM), including refining applicant verification; accurately and securely tracking individual employees' skills, talents, and tasks; [...]
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- 2024
19. Business interest in human rights regulation: shaping actors' duties and rights.
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Fuchs, Doris and Lennartz, Benedikt
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Business actors create and operate in global production networks that bring them in contact with regulatory frameworks across multiple levels and domains. Importantly, they also participate in shaping those regulatory frameworks. But what are the specific interests they pursue in their involvement in regulation? Traditionally, scholars tended to assume that the focus of business actors is primarily on avoiding (stringent) public regulation. Recent developments have highlighted a broader range of business interests, however. Accordingly, this paper investigates business positions on the ascription of duties and rights in regulation, specifically in the fields of due diligence, supply chain liability, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. The paper explores these issues in the context of business regulation in the field of Human Rights, looking at the United Nations Guiding Principles on human rights, their German implementation in the 'Nationaler Aktionsplan Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte' and the associated processes, in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Exploring the Role of AI in Business Decision-Making and Process Automation.
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Susie Gu
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence in business ,DECISION making in business ,AUTOMATION ,SMALL business ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Advancements in artificial intelligence have contributed significantly to various aspects of the business landscape. As a continuously growing field, AI has the potential to revolutionize the realm of business, leading to increased efficiency and improved business outcomes. This research paper aims to discover and analyze the role of artificial intelligence in business decision-making and process automation. Through conducting case studies and interviews in the field, this paper will compare differences in the implementation of AI between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large businesses. Additionally, a literature review can be conducted to determine the current findings on the relationship between AI and business within the workplace. By understanding the impact of AI on business workforces, organizations can make informed decisions about adopting and implementing AI into their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Unions
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Van Doren, Peter
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Amazon.com Inc. ,Online information services ,Online services ,Labor productivity ,Information services ,Online information service ,Business ,Government ,Law - Abstract
* 'What Do Unions Do? Incentives and Investments,' by Vojislav Maksimovic and Liu Yang. SSRN Working Paper no. 4565288, September 2023. Unionization efforts at Amazon.com and recent strikes by autoworkers [...]
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- 2024
22. The evolution of intellectual property rights in metaverse based Industry 4.0 paradigms
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Gupta, Brij B., Gaurav, Akshat, Arya, Varsha, and Alhalabi, Wadee
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- 2024
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23. The burgeoning role of literature review articles in management research: an introduction and outlook
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Kraus, Sascha, Bouncken, Ricarda B., and Yela Aránega, Alba
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- 2024
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24. FINANCIAL PROXIMITY AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: NEW EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
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Koloma, Yaya, Bah, Mamadou, and Kemeze, Francis H.
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Agricultural industry ,Agricultural land ,Automated teller machines ,Commercial banks ,Private banking ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
Agriculture plays a vital role in driving economic output and employment in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Despite some progress, agricultural productivity in SSA still lags behind other regions. Limited access to finance remains a significant impediment to improving agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the effect of financial proximity on agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study primarily employs the system GMM estimator, chosen to address the endogeneity issue typical in macro panel data. This method is also well-suited to our study because it accommodates a high number of cross-sections relative to the number of periods within each cross-section. Additionally, the IV-2SLS method is employed to check the robustness of the findings. The study uses an unbalanced panel for the 36 African countries with data for the period 2004-2019. Our findings show that increasing the financial proximity favors agricultural productivity in SSA countries. Specifically, the number of commercial bank branches (CBB) and the number of automated teller machines (ATM) per 100 000 adults, as indicators of financial proximity, have positive and significant effects on agricultural value added per worker in SSA. Additionally, our findings show that rainfall, arable land, and institutional quality are robust determinants of agricultural productivity. The positive effects of the number of CBB and the number of ATM are even more pronounced on agricultural productivity when coupled with strong institutional quality. Our findings suggest that improving financial services' accessibility in rural areas, coupled with enhanced institutional quality, regular rainfall, ample arable land, and increased access to water and land, are pivotal steps for achieving sustainable enhancements in labor productivity. This, in turn, leads to increased returns through value-added growth and expanded employment in the agricultural sector. JEL Classifications: G21, Q14, Q18 Keywords: Financial inclusion, Financial proximity, Agricultural productivity, Sub-Saharan Africa, INTRODUCTION Agriculture is a key contributor to economic output and the leading source of employment among Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, contributing 4 times more to regional gross domestic product (GDP) [...]
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- 2024
25. The Durbin Amendment: A Short Regulatory History: The Fed is proposing to further lower its interchange fee caps
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Bird, Ronald
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Debit cards -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Credit card processing services -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Federal Reserve banks -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Business ,Government ,Law - Abstract
Debit card interchange fees are paid by merchants to issuing banks for processing debit card transactions. The fees have been a subject of controversy and regulation in the United States [...]
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- 2024
26. SOCIO-ECONOMIC-DRIVEN DISPARITIES IN CHRONIC ILLNESS AND DISABILITY AMONG THE SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDREN: EXPLORING VARIATIONS WITHIN THE URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
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Dlamini, Msawenkosi and Mbonigaba, Josue
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Chronic diseases -- Economic aspects -- Analysis ,Children -- Health aspects ,Disease susceptibility -- Analysis -- Economic aspects ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
Existing literature on health inequalities often overlooks the nuanced dynamics, particularly among vulnerable children with chronic diseases and disabilities and fails to consider regional disparities within countries like South Africa. This paper asserts the necessity for a more granular analysis in South Africa, recognizing the varied health outcomes for children across different economic segments and geographical settings. Specifically, the health trajectories for children differ markedly between rural formal areas, regions under traditional authorities, formal urban areas, and informal urban settlements. Addressing the generalizations common in prior research, this study takes a precise, regionally focused approach to socio-economic-driven disparities in chronic illness or disability. It distinguishes between rural formal areas, traditional authority areas, formal urban areas, and informal urban areas, unveiling the intricate layers of health disparities. Using data from the National Income Dynamics Study, concentration indices, and the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition method, the paper analyzed health inequality trends from 2008 to 2017. The results uncover significant inequalities, with alarming trends, particularly among children with chronic illnesses and disabilities in traditional authority regions and informal urban environments. The paper's evidence shows that rural formal areas have experienced a decline in health disparities as opposed to the deepening divide in traditional authority-led regions. The urban analysis reveals a split: while formal urban settings often favour the wealthier, informal urban areas indicate a shift towards lower socioeconomic brackets. The decomposition analysis highlights the evolving socioeconomic elements influencing each region over time. These insights emphasize the urgent necessity for geographically tailored policy interventions. By understanding the distinct socioeconomic landscapes across various regions, we can formulate policies that resonate with each area's specific realities and challenges. Such targeted strategies are essential in reducing health inequalities and enhancing the life quality of children with chronic health conditions and disabilities, playing a critical role in South Africa's journey toward comprehensive health equity. JEL Classification: I14 Keywords: Socioeconomic disparities, Chronic illness, Disability, South African children, Urban and rural variations, Health inequality, INTRODUCTION Globally, persistent health concerns and disabilities, including HIV and AIDS, respiratory ailments, undernourishment, and mental health issues, present considerable public health obstacles for children. A striking United Nations Children's [...]
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- 2024
27. Inference Based On Time-Varying SVARs Identified with Time Restrictions
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Arias, Jonas E., Rubio-Ramirez, Juan F., Shin, Minchul, and Waggoner, Daniel F.
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Monetary policy -- Models -- Analysis ,Algorithms -- Analysis -- Models ,Algorithm ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
We propose an approach for Bayesian inference in time-varying structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) identified with sign restrictions. The linchpin of our approach is a class of rotation-invariant time-varying SVARs in which the prior and posterior densities of any sequence of structural parameters belonging to the class are invariant to orthogonal transformations of the sequence. Our methodology is new to the literature. In contrast to existing algorithms for inference based on sign restrictions, our algorithm is the first to draw from a uniform distribution over the sequences of orthogonal matrices given the reduced-form parameters. We illustrate our procedure for inference by analyzing the role played by monetary policy during the latest inflation surge. JEL classification: C11, C51, E52, E58 Key words: time-varying parameters, structural vector autoregressions, identification, 1 Introduction Structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) featuring time-varying parameters are commonly used in empirical macroeconomics to study a wide range of classical questions such as the economic consequences of policy [...]
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- 2024
28. What is the value of a universal COVID-19 vaccine?
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Trostle, Jonas
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Vaccines ,Business ,Human resources and labor relations - Abstract
Making vaccines is costly. But the benefits of doing so are often higher than the costs. Is it possible to estimate the value of a hypothetical vaccine, and if so, [...]
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- 2024
29. Knowledge Graph Visualization Interface for Digital Heritage Collections: Design Issues and Recommendations
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Khoo, Christopher S.G., Tan, Eleanor A.L., Ng, Siam-Gek, Chan, Chwee-Fong, Stanley-Baker, Michael, and Cheng, Wei-Ning
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Middleware ,Visualization (Computers) ,Web applications ,Art schools ,Digital libraries ,Business ,Library and information science ,Middleware ,Database middleware ,Cultural policy - Abstract
Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata records. The knowledge organization and search result display of these systems are item-centric, with little support for identifying relationships between items. This paper proposes a knowledge graph system and visualization interface as a promising solution for digital heritage systems to support users in browsing related items, understanding the relationships between items, and synthesizing a narrative on an issue. The paper discusses design issues for the knowledge graph, graph database, and graph visualization, and offers recommendations based on the authors' experience in developing three knowledge graph systems for archive and digital humanities resources: the Zubir Said personal archive collection at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, Singapore; Singapore Pioneers social network; and Polyglot Medicine knowledge graph of Asian traditional and herbal medicine. Lessons learned from a small user study are incorporated in the discussion., INTRODUCTION Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library, bibliographic retrieval system and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata items, with [...]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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30. Supporting Information Visualization Research in an Academic Library: Lessons Learned from an Analysis of the Literature
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Groenendyk, Michael and Neugebauer, Tomasz
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University and college libraries -- Research ,Visualization (Computers) -- Research ,Natural language interfaces -- Research ,Librarians -- Research ,Computational linguistics -- Research ,Language processing -- Research ,Business ,Library and information science ,Research - Abstract
This paper summarizes librarian research on information visualization as well as general trends in the broader field, highlighting the most recent trends, important journals, and which subject disciplines are most involved with information visualization. By comparing librarian research to the broader field, the paper identifies opportunities for libraries to improve their information visualization support services., INTRODUCTION The technique of creating images to communicate facts is thousands of years old. Early examples include Ptolemy's second-century work Geographia, as well as Charles Minard's mid-nineteenthcentury flow map, Carte [...]
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- 2024
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31. Defining and assessing standards for community-smart consultation and consent in the context of land return.
- Author
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Luhula, Masalu and Hannay, Leslie
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LAND management ,REAL property acquisition ,FREE trade ,COMMUNITY development - Abstract
Context and background A global land rush -driven by a variety of factors-is driving transformative change in African rural communities that depend on land for their livelihoods. This increased demand has resulted in the acquisition of large areas of land on the continent. While the pace and scale of land acquisition may be levelling off,1 in many cases, some or all of the land acquired by investors stands idle.2 Land return- in which a private company legally transfers all or part of its land holdings back to a community or government-is an emerging phenomenon that may be on the rise as companies seek to limit their exposure to risk, governments redesignate lands and communities push for the return of their land. Land return holds promise as a way to correct for overzealous and misguided land acquisition and historical injustices amidst a growing understanding of the value of land to communities. Goal and Objective Yet land return presents challenges, many of which may be unexpected. Though existing frameworks and guidelines regarding responsible investments require effective community consultation, there is less clarity and limited guidance on what risks, mitigation strategies, and tools are needed to safeguard the rights of communities in the context of land return. Methodology This paper brings forward experience from a recent land return process in Tanzania in which Landesa and its partners worked to identify and put into practice standards and approaches that protect community rights while supporting a company's efforts to comply with best practices, national and international requirements and expectations for responsible corporate practice. The tools and processes tested and shared through this project align with efforts to support implementation of the Acceleration of the African Continental Free Trade Areas (AfCFTA) and achieve the aspiration of the Africa We Want (Agenda 2063). Results: This paper highlights the importance of inclusive and transparent land governance practices by presenting a case study of Landesa's experience working with a forestry company to engage with communities and local land administration to understand needs and expectations around the companys intention to return approximately 14,000 hectares of land. The case study will highlight land return-related risks, present a model for community benefit sharing arrangements, and will share lessons learned, highlighting potential best practices that companies holding idle land might consider and employ to reallocate to landscarce communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. A Sustainable Model for Healthcare Systems: The Innovative Approach of ESG and Digital Transformation.
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Sepetis, Anastasios, Rizos, Fotios, Pierrakos, George, Karanikas, Haralampos, and Schallmo, Daniel
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SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH care industry ,HEALTH policy ,WELL-being ,DIGITAL technology ,PRACTICAL politics ,MEDICAL care ,SOCIAL factors ,BUSINESS ,AUTOMATION ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,FINANCIAL management ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
In recent years, the globe has faced a series of topics of growing concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the international financial crisis, rising socio-economic inequalities, the negative outcomes of greenhouse gas emissions, which resulted in climate change, and many others. Organizations worldwide have confronted these new challenges of sustainable finance by incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors and digital transformation (DT) in their innovation business strategies. The healthcare sector represents a large share of the global economy (about 10% of global economic output), employs a large number of workers, and needs to rely more on an open innovation model where interested parties, especially patients, are going to have a say in their own well-being. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers be efficient, effective, resilient, and sustainable in the face of significant challenges and risks. At the same time, they must offer sustainable development goals and digital transformation to healthcare users through limited governmental resources. This study investigates the role, importance, and correlation of ESG factors and digital transformation to the sustainable finance of healthcare systems through an innovative model. The main purpose of the paper is to present the already implemented ESG and DT factors in the healthcare sector and to propose a mutual and combined implementation strategy based on common evaluation tools, methods, and actions. A set of proposed actions and strategies are presented for the sustainability and resilience of the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Cash Transfers and Low Birthweight Infants
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Van Doren, Peter
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Infants ,Business ,Government ,Law - Abstract
* 'The Long-Term Effects of Income for At-Risk Infants: Evidence from Supplemental Security Income,' by Amelia A. Hawkins, Christopher A. Hollrah, Sarah Miller, et al. NBER Working Paper no. 31746, [...]
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- 2024
34. Evolution and trends of the metaverse in business and management: A bibliometric analysis
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Piñeiro-Chousa, Juan, López-Cabarcos, M. Ángeles, VittoriRomero, Valentín, and Pérez-Pérez, Aurora
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- 2024
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35. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM
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Murphy, Ryan H.
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Tax rates -- Economic aspects -- Analysis ,Natural resources -- United Kingdom ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
Social scientists have extensively studied the causes of good institutions, including the origins of economic freedom. Results concerning the causes of different kinds of institutions are often similar, often concluding that the geography, environment, and culture are important factors. However, a recent political economy framework suggests that certain dimensions of economic freedom, namely specific dimensions of the size of government (government consumption, transfers and subsidies, and the top marginal tax rate), differ systematically from other dimensions of liberalization. This paper explores these arguments by constructing an index of a set of consensus predictors of institutional quality: ethnic fractionalization (predicts negatively), the natural log of the population size (negatively), absolute latitude (positively), natural resource rents (negatively), the presence of the country in the Americas (negatively), British legal origins (positively), the presence of the country in Eurasia (positively), and island geography (positively). The countries with the 'best' fundamentals for institutional quality are Iceland, Ireland, Malta, Finland, and Cyprus, while the five with the 'worst' fundamentals are Angola, Nigeria, Chad, Burkina Faso, and Ghana. It then takes this index of 'fundamentals' of institutional quality and shows that, although they predict economic liberalism as a whole (as measured by the Economic Freedom of the World index) as they would predict other measures of institutional quality, they predict oppositely (i.e., corresponding to larger governments) for the dimensions of the size of government listed above. The result is congruent with the predictions of the political economy model. Additionally, this result is not contingent on the inclusion of any one of the 'fundamental' variables, although natural resource rents and absolute latitude appear to be the most important variables. Countries with considerably more economic freedom than would be predicted by their fundaments include Peru, Singapore, the United States, Chile, and Canada; should deviations from fitted values be seen as presaging future movements in institutions, these countries are the most likely to see upcoming declines. The aforementioned political economy model implies that these findings are the result of complexities involved in the interaction between state capacity and different dimensions of economic liberalization. JEL Classifications: P17, O43, and D70 Keywords: Institutional Development; Economic Freedom, INTRODUCTION There is extensive scholarship on the origins and causes of economic freedom (Lawson, Murphy & Powell 2020), one dimension of institutional quality. The broader literature on institutions often points [...]
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- 2024
36. Using game‐based learning and online flipped classrooms with degree apprenticeship students.
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Dermentzi, Eleni
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE education ,RESEARCH funding ,FOCUS groups ,UNDERGRADUATES ,UNDERGRADUATE programs ,HEALTH occupations students ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,BUSINESS ,THEMATIC analysis ,SIMULATION methods in education ,ONLINE education ,ABILITY ,LEARNING strategies ,NEEDS assessment ,GAMIFICATION ,TRAINING ,EXPERIENTIAL learning - Abstract
Background: Degree apprenticeships (DA) help employees gain new knowledge and skills by allowing them to study towards a university degree while working full time. For these programmes to be effective, the learning design should be adapted to the needs of these students, who are goal oriented (i.e. they want to gain only knowledge that can be applied within their workplace), have limited time for studying, and usually have not attended formal education for some time. As these programmes are relatively new, there is limited research on how these students can be supported to achieve the programmes' learning goals by using information and communication technologies. Objectives: This paper aims to understand whether a learning design that combines game‐based learning with online flipped classrooms can engage DA students in their learning and help them develop their reflective skills. Methods: Two focus groups were conducted with DA students that study at a UK Business School towards gaining the Chartered Manager status. The focus groups recordings have been analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results and Conclusions: The three main themes, "change can be helpful and challenging at the same time", "the ideal game", and "the effect of others", show that DA students find game‐based learning and online flipped classrooms useful, with the right support. Simulation games can be more fulfilling to DA students than quiz games, even if they take more of their out‐of‐class time. In addition, instructors are advised to work more closely with diverse teams to enable students share their work experiences and learn from each other. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Online flipped classrooms offer flexibility in learning, but instructors need to find solutions to challenges, like students' limited e‐learning readiness and lack of motivation.Game‐based learning has been found to facilitate learning in general, but there is a need to identify the specific circumstances (i.e. settings, gaming elements) under which it is effective.Degree apprenticeship students need more support with their learning compared to traditional university students, as they face additional challenges in terms of family life‐work balance and connecting their learning to their working experience. What this paper adds?: Game‐based learning can be useful to degree apprenticeship students providing that focuses on the application of knowledge and provides feedback.Despite facing challenges related to maintaining work‐study‐life balance, degree apprenticeship students are willing to complete the flipped classroom's out‐of‐class activities, if they see a clear benefit from doing so.Online group activities can be challenging for degree apprenticeship students, if they are not able to form teams with other learners that work for the same organisation. The implications of study findings for practitioners: Avoid quiz‐like games and select the ones that use real‐life scenarios for degree apprenticeship students to help them link their learning to their practice.Formative feedback should be provided by both the instructor and the game to motivate degree apprenticeship students to spend the additional time to complete the out‐of‐class activities.Students should be reminded frequently of the purpose of any new learning elements (e.g. learning analytics) as they may not have the time to explore them on their own.When forming student teams based on students' workplace is not possible, spend more time in each breakout room to facilitate the online group discussion and help students bring their different working experiences together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Introduction: corporate power and political domination.
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Neuhäuser, Christian and Oldenbourg, Andreas
- Abstract
In recent years, an interdisciplinary debate on the social and political role of business corporations has evolved. With this special issue, we would like to facilitate a comprehensive discussion of three questions that are especially pertinent in that debate: (1) How is the social and political agency of corporations to be understood? (2) How should the power of corporations be analyzed? (3) Under which conditions would the social and political roles of corporations be legitimate? In this introduction to the special issue, we start with a short outline of the debate. In the next step, we provide an overview of the five contributions. We conclude by summarizing what can be learned from those contributions with respect to the three research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Poetry writing as a hope-building tool during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sharma, Daneshwar
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WELL-being ,NONPROFIT organizations ,WORK ,VOLUNTEERS ,EXPERIENCE ,HOPE ,SOCIAL isolation ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,BUSINESS ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,GRADUATE students ,STAY-at-home orders ,POETRY (Literary form) ,WRITTEN communication ,EMOTIONS ,SUFFERING ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
In difficult times, people turn to poetry, reading, and writing for solace and peace. In emotionally intense and traumatic times, people use poetry to process and understand the lived eyepieces. The havoc wreaked by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals all across the world. Poetry has emerged as a savior in these difficult times. A phenomenon, "lockdown poems", came into existence as individuals all across the globe processed and shared their lived experiences of isolation, pain, and suffering through poems. In the present paper, students of a management program process and share their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the subsequent lockdowns, and their community work experience. Poetry as a therapeutic and hope-building tool is discussed in the paper along with the original poems written by the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Evaluating Inspiring Factors and Obstacles in the Start-Up of Owned Agri-Preneurial Businesses: Underlying Evidence from South Africa.
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Agholor, Isaac Azikiwe, Chowdhury, Ataharul, and Olamide, Ebenezer
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NEW business enterprises ,INDEPENDENT variables ,LATENT variables ,MARITAL status ,FIELD research - Abstract
Contemporary economies worldwide appreciate the underlying importance of service sectors, culminating in sectorial growth and satisfactory performance of agri-preneurship. This study is premised on two simple explanations that cascaded into two hypothetical questions: (i) Are there inspiring factors for individuals to start up their own agri-preneurship business? (ii) Are there factors hindering individuals from starting up their own agri-preneurship business? These two hypothetical constructs triggered four primary arguments established in the study. This study was conducted in Mbombela local Municipality in category 'B', which is made up of the Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga South Africa. From a population of 1021 farmers, 458 samples of respondents were obtained and considered to be realistic for the study. The study embraced the mixed research approach, and the field survey was done between the months of February 2022 and June 2022. Descriptive statistics, involving the frequency count and percentages, were used to determine the motives and obstacles of starting up one's own business. The hypothesis was assessed by employing multinominal logistic regression to determine the relationship between demographic variables and predictor variables. The findings revealed that potential agri-preneurs are affected by an array of inspiring factors in the decision-making process. Further, the results revealed that agri-preneurial spirit is inhibited by numerous challenges. In the shared view of respondents, there was a portmanteau of obstacles impeding the commencement of one's own business. The results also showed that, in the self-realization variant, age (p < 0.035) and marital status (p < 0.033) were found to be correlated and statistically significant as an inspiration for setting up an agri-preneurship business, while the self-satisfaction variant specified marital status (p < 0.001) to be significant and to negatively (β −1.564) influence inspiration for agri-preneurship. In the independence variant category, two crucial variables, level of formal education (p < 0.005) and farm experience (p < 0.007), were found to be correlated and statistically significant in determining agri-preneurial decisions. This study has several policy propositions: the government and allied stakeholders must consider the motives that inspire potential investors in agriculture. The government must also oversee the reasons for young and old agri-preneurs leaving agri-businesses because of failure. This study underscores the need to subjectively analyze agri-preneurial inspiring factors and obstacles to performance. The contributions of agri-preneurial businesses to economic growth and poverty alleviation justify the need for a concerted effort to motivate potential investors. Another pertinent contribution of the study is highlighting the obstacles of agri-preneurs to enable the government to support and prepare responsive, innovative, and resilient agri-preneurs in South Africa. This paper recommends that starting up one's own agri-preneurial business is a good idea for abating hunger and unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Physicians as leaders: a systematic review through the lens of expert leadership.
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Thoebes, Gina Phelps, Porter, Tracy H., and Peck, Jessica A.
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HEALTH care industry ,CINAHL database ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,PROFESSIONS ,LEADERSHIP ,WORK ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PROFESSIONAL competence ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,BUSINESS ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness ,THEORY ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHYSICIANS ,PROFESSIONALISM ,THEMATIC analysis ,MEDLINE ,TRUST - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the current state of physician leadership. Theory of expert leadership (TEL) was applied to explore the effects of physician inherent knowledge, industry experience and leadership capabilities on leader behaviors and outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: This review (August 2011–February 2022) applied the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis strategy. Our search began with 3,537 studies and a final sample of 12 articles. Findings: The findings offer a number of studies that note the relationship between physician leadership and the three dimensions of TEL. How influential these are on leadership behaviors and health-related outcomes varies. We also found a number of studies that described general physician leadership behaviors that were not directly linked to factors of TEL, as well as two additional themes: leader identity and trust. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review that has applied a highly cited theory (i.e. TEL) to the data and the first that has focused solely on a U.S. population. These findings offer healthcare organizations insight into the potential strengths and challenges of physician leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Managerialization, professionalization and firm performance in family business: A Systems Thinking perspective.
- Author
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Songini, Lucrezia, Armenia, Stefano, Morelli, Chiara, and Pompei, Alessandro
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ECONOMIC impact ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,BUSINESS ,SYSTEM analysis ,FAMILY relations ,MANAGEMENT ,PROFESSIONALISM - Abstract
This paper proposes a systemic model on the intertwined relations among managerialization, professionalization and firm economic performance, considering both business‐ and family‐specific features and issues. It sheds light on the role that, in the family business, the firm economic performance may play in favouring a positive development of both the business and the family itself. It aims at understanding how, in family businesses, the firm managerialization and professionalization may represent relevant drivers of firm performance. A Systems Thinking model based on causal loop diagrams was developed, to provide a clear framing of the interrelationships among the various aspects at stake. The conceptual model combines with systemic perspective all the variables and relationships that come into play when considering jointly the growth and development of the company and the family. This paper provides not only a conceptual background but also practical insights for family business' owners, managers and consultants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. The COVID-19 pandemic and Google Search Trends.
- Author
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Alam, Mahfooz, Aziz, Tariq, and Ansari, Valeed Ahmad
- Subjects
POLICY sciences ,HOLISTIC medicine ,MENTAL health ,DATA analysis ,ENDOWMENTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INSOMNIA ,ANXIETY ,BUSINESS ,STAY-at-home orders ,SEARCH engines ,STATISTICS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,DISEASE susceptibility ,HEALTH facilities ,COVID-19 ,MENTAL depression ,SLEEP disorders ,SOCIAL distancing ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the association of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths with mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms for the USA, the UK, India and worldwide using Google Trends. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between relative search volumes (RSVs) and mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms, with the total confirmed COVID-19 cases as well as deaths in the USA, UK, India and worldwide. The sample period starts from the day 100 cases were reported for the first time, which is 7 March 2020, 13 March 2020, 23 March 2020 and 28 January 2020 for the US, the UK, India and worldwide, respectively, and ends on 25 June 2020. Findings: The results indicate a significant increase in anxiety, depression and stress leading to sleeping disorders or insomnia, further deteriorating mental health. The RSVs of employment are negatively significant, implying that people are hesitant to search for new jobs due to being susceptible to exposure, imposed lockdown and social distancing measures and changing employment patterns. The RSVs for financial terms exhibit the varying associations of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the stock market, loans, rent, etc. Research limitations/implications: This study has implications for the policymakers, health experts and the government. The state governments must provide proper medical facilities and holistic care to the affected population. It may be noted that the findings of this study only lead us to conclude about the relationship between COVID-19 cases and deaths and Google Trends searches, and do not as such indicate the effect on actual behaviour. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA, UK and India and at the global level and RSVs for mental health-related, job-related and financial keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Digital leaders and digital transformation: The key to optimizing new technologies.
- Subjects
DIGITAL transformation ,SOCIAL skills ,CONSUMERS ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Digital leaders must have technical and social skills that enable them to modify the organization while communicating change to the internal and external stakeholders, satisfying consumers and bringing their firm to the forefront of their industries Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy- to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
44. Strategic leadership capabilities: Creating successful long-term innovation.
- Subjects
LEADERSHIP ,EMERGING markets ,RESEARCH personnel ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: In an ever-changing business world, it is essential to have strategic leaders who utilize their role to their full potential in order to adapt to emerging economies, changing climates, or significant disruption. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy- to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Business process outsourcing: When and where to optimize collaboration.
- Subjects
BUSINESS process outsourcing ,RESEARCH personnel ,CONTRACTING out - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Collaboration and outsourcing are crucial to creating a competitive edge in the business world. Outsourcing comes with capabilities, challenges, and opportunities, so it is vital to find where firms can strengthen themselves. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Innovation ambidexterity: Challenges and solutions to facing disruptive innovation.
- Subjects
DISRUPTIVE innovations ,AMBIDEXTERITY ,ORGANIZATIONAL ambidexterity ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Disruptive innovation can eradicate more traditional firms, which is why organizational ambidexterity can be essential for firms to remain competitive. Firms can thrive and innovate long-term to become industry leaders by tackling their challenges with a strong upper echelon. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION AND LABOR INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
- Author
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Liu, Tingting, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Junrui, and Li, Shiyou
- Subjects
Antitrust law ,Economic incentives ,Labor supply ,Antitrust issue ,Company business management ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
The labor force constitutes a paramount factor of production in the realm of business operations. In the past, China's abundant labor force significantly boosted productivity for firms. However, as the demographic dividend gradually wanes, concerns have arisen regarding a scarcity of labor force, exacerbating worries about rising labor costs. Therefore, focusing on enhancing firms' labor investment efficiency becomes pivotal. Using a sample of A-stock listed firms in China from 2013 to 2020, we examine the impact of customer concentration on the labor investment efficiency of supplier firms. Prior literature provides mixed results regarding the effect of concentrated customers. They can act as a governance mechanism for reducing agency problems, thus, increasing investment efficiency. Conversely, agency problems are aggravated in suppliers with concentrated customers, consequently, reducing investment efficiency. Our results suggest that customer concentration reduces labor investment efficiency, and this effect is more pronounced when customers possess high bargaining power. Additionally, the mechanism analysis reveal that customer concentration leads to less accurate information disclosure, higher operating risk, and an incentive to 'empire building', reducing labor investment efficiency. The cross-sectional analysis reveals that customer concentration results in both over- and under-investment in labor, thereby reducing investment efficiency. In addition, we employ augmented models to rule out the possibility of a U-shaped relationship between customer concentration and labor investment efficiency. Furthermore, we adopt the instrumental variables approach as well as a two-stage regression model to address potential endogeneity concerns and mitigate the omitted variable concern. Our results hold after the robustness tests and endogeneity tests. The findings of this paper imply that firms should strategically diversify their customer bases, thereby reducing their reliance on a few large customers. Simultaneously, governments should actively encourage firms to broaden their customer base. It can help enhance labor investment efficiency by spreading the risks associated with customer concentration. Moreover, it is crucial to acknowledge that substantial customer bargaining power can negatively impact supplier firms. Thus, policymakers should promote antitrust regulations and fair trade practices to mitigate the high bargaining power of large customers. JEL Classifications: G31, E22, J20 Keywords: Customer concentration, Agency problems, Business risk, Labor investment efficiency, INTRODUCTION Labor constitutes a fundamental resource for firms' production and operational activities, holding significant implications for both macroeconomic growth and the competitiveness of micro-firms (Atanassov and Kim, 2009; Jung et [...]
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- 2024
48. INTERNAL MIGRATION IN PAKISTAN: SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND SIGNIFICANCES
- Author
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Akram, Naeem
- Subjects
Family -- Economic aspects ,Forced migration -- Economic aspects ,Public sector -- Economic aspects ,Households -- Economic aspects ,Technical education -- Economic aspects ,Labor supply -- Economic aspects ,Social networks -- Economic aspects ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies ,United Nations. International Labour Organization - Abstract
Since early years, humans are migrating to ensure their survival or to improve their socio-economic position in society. In Pakistan, internal migration has not been given proper attention in policy making. Consequently, government is facing problems in managing the challenges and opportunities posed by internal migration. The present study attempted to analyse socio-economic factors that play crucial role in a household's decision to migrate internally by using data of Labour Force Survey 2020-21. In the questionnaire of labour force survey, there is a specific section related to migration. The migration is defined as 'households that has moved from one district to another district or to different country', it excludes the migration within district. The logit regression has been used to estimate the model. It has been found that more educated people particularly having professional and technical education tends to migrate. The internal migration increases with age, but after certain level it tends to start declining. It has also concluded that employment in public sector (due to job security or provision of housing facilities) motivate people to internally migrate. People belonging to middle income families are more likely to migrate in comparison to rich or very poor. Study confirms that search of better job opportunities and family compulsions are major factors in internal voluntary migration. However, law and order situations emerge as a significant factor in forced migration. As the internal migration are much higher than international migration so there is need that role of internal migration may be recognised in reducing poverty, employment and socio-economic development. Unfortunately, there exists lack of policy on internal labour flows. Most the labour force is not even registered at migration destinations. It is very crucial to calculate value of domestic remittances. It will be helpful in devising the policy to improve the status of internal migrants by providing them targeted technical and vocational education training so that they can get better job opportunities in destination places. JEL Classifications: R23, I23, E24 Keywords: Internal Migration, Education, Employment, INTRODUCTION Since early years of human settlement, they have been migrating in search of food, shelter, to escape impacts of changing climate and due to overpopulation in a particular area. [...]
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- 2024
49. MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AMONG WOMEN IN THE IBADAN SOUTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
- Author
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Oketunde, Fadekemi B. and Samuel, Folake O.
- Subjects
Cost and standard of living -- Analysis -- Economic aspects ,Poverty -- Nigeria ,Poor women -- Economic aspects -- Analysis ,Local government -- Nigeria ,Urban poor -- Analysis -- Economic aspects ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
Poverty remains a serious problem in Nigeria; women are among those mostly affected and are often deprived in many ways. This paper uses the multidimensional approach to examine poverty levels among women in Ibadan South West Local Government Area, Oyo State. Primary data was obtained from a sample of 393 women across the population density areas on socio-economic characteristics and poverty indicators (health, education and standard of living). The Alkire-Foster multidimensional approach was used to estimate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for the sampled women. The weights assigned to these poverty dimensions were generated using the multiple correspondence analysis. The MPI for each woman were categorized as abject poor (deprived in at least two dimensions), moderate poor (deprived in one dimension) and non-poor (not deprived in any dimension). The mean age of the women was 30.8[+ or -]6.7 years. One-third of the respondents were mostly artisans (30.0%) and traders (26.5%), and 52.2% had completed secondary education. About 23.0% of women were deprived in education, 61.0% in health and 70.4% in standard of living. Based on location, the study indicated that the women in the medium and high density areas are mostly deprived in the different dimensions of poverty. When the poverty cut off K= 1, poverty incidence is 94% and 51.7% of the women were multidimensional poor as against 28% poverty incidence and 19.6% poor women when k=3 using the Alkire-Foster Multidimensional methodology. This implies that when women are deprived in at least one dimension; 51.7% are multidimensional poor. More than half of the respondents (51.0%) were categorized as moderately poor, 26.0% were abject poor while 23.2% were non-poor. This study revealed high poverty levels among women in Ibadan South West Local Government Area. Deprivation in standard of living and health in the three areas could be improved upon through the concerted effort of the government with appropriate ministries by initiating more productive and empowerment programs to improve their purchasing power and disseminating educative information that will improve their nutritional status through health talks to reduce the level of multidimensional poverty in urban locations respectively. JEL Classifications: D33, J16, N37 Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, women, Alkire and Foster, INTRODUCTION Poverty refers to an undesirable state which endangers life, and considering its universal occurrence, it is referred as the principal developmental challenge of many nations across the globe over [...]
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- 2024
50. AI improved the productivity of a Fortune 500 software company
- Author
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Schaffer, Nicholas A.
- Subjects
Computer software industry -- Technology application ,Business ,Human resources and labor relations ,Technology application - Abstract
February 2024 Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity recently. However, little research has been done on the economic impact of generative AI. Generative AI can learn to accomplish tasks [...]
- Published
- 2024
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