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This article focuses on the professional writing of women in the transformation phase around 1800. Referring specifically to the woman of letters Helmina von Chézy (1783-1856) and her family, which participated in the literary market over four generations, it asks how authors could use paper(s) as assets or resources. It is shown that writersʼ papers were collected and kept as material evidence of life, that they could be an indicator of financial status and provide insight into financial practices, and that they were used particularly to position oneself (as a writer) and to relate to others. Within changing personal and historical contexts, the writing work of family members was based ultimately, in varying forms and shapes, on the logics of their social relations, lived as well as negotiated and recorded on paper. Thus, the papers used and inscribed in the family can be conceptualized as a multi-perspective kaleidoscope, offering new views on central aspects and mechanisms of writerly economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptive bibliometric analysis seeks to present the characteristics of published scientific papers that examine the phenomena of "women", "entrepreneurship" and "education". Using standard bibliographic and bibliometrics indicators, the specifics of publications from the point of publishing dynamics, belonging to different scientific areas, characteristics of a publication source, individual or joint authorship, geographical distribution, published content and citation metrics are presented. The research results rely on analytical tools provided by Scopus and BibExcel, while a Wordcloud text generator was used to create some of the graphical presentations. A total of 330 papers dated in the period from 1976 to 2020, were published in a total of 198 journals indexed in the SCOPUS database. Created as a result of individual research work or in collaboration with 811 different authors, the content of these works falls into one of 22 categories of research areas. The observed papers were cited by 4976 other documents indexed in the Scopus database. This study should be considered as a systematization of articles published in eminent scientific journals and should motivate other authors to conduct further researches in the field of bibliometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA), a consequence of structured gendered disadvantage, poses increasing harm to women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and their children. This paper presents a small explorative transdisciplinary (social work and geography) study which aims to assess the knowledge of women professionals from four European countries (Estonia, Finland, Greece, and Northern Ireland) working in the area of IPV about TFA in general and in particular safety planning. The focus on safety planning is what distinguishes this research. The research findings indicate that the risk assessment of TFA is not always included in safety planning. Barriers, such as lack of professional knowledge, are reported. The paper ends with feminist insights about the risks of engaging in a reductionist approach when the focus becomes just the lack of knowledge per se, without accounting for the wider structural inequalities that exist within the context of patriarchal surveillance capitalism and which are primarily responsible for TFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, countries have increasingly recognized the benefits of female entrepreneurship and therefore strengthening women's entrepreneurship becomes part of their long-term strategies. However, despite all efforts, the gap between male and female entrepreneurship still exists. This paper delves into an investigation of the barriers encountered by women entrepreneurs in the European Union (EU) countries. Through a thorough examination of existing literature and empirical analysis, the paper aims to provide an understanding of the obstacles that women entrepreneurs face within the EU context and the policies that have been adopted in response to those barriers. In the empirical analysis this paper investigates the relationship between gender equality and female entrepreneurship. Examining data from 2019 to 2022, we use the Gender Equality Index as a measure for gender equality and the percentage of self-employed women aged 15-64 as an indicator for female entrepreneurship. Contrary to expectations, our empirical analysis reveals not very strong but negative correlation between the Gender Equality Index and female entrepreneurs in EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The marginalisation of female entrepreneurs in accessing credit is well documented. Yet, how female entrepreneurs navigate through the marginalisation to gain funding is under-explored. Design/methodology/approach: The authors address this gap using qualitative data from 30 female entrepreneurs in three neighbourhoods with varying socio-economic characteristics in Ghana's capital, Accra. Findings: The authors find a marked aversion to bank loans among respondents. Consequently, they nurtured trust in their social circles in order to facilitate access to informal credit from internal (e.g. family and friends) and external (e.g. trade credit, associations and religious organisations) sources. This aversion to loans from formal financial institutions (FFIs) had a socio-cultural aspect, including cumbersome application procedures, a deep-rooted fear of the social consequences of defaulting and religious prohibition against interest payment for Islamic traders. Social implications: This paper shows that providing formal access to credit is not enough to support women's entrepreneurship if the socio-cultural factors inhibiting women's access to credit from FFIs are not addressed. Originality/value: The findings suggest that trust is an important factor that bridges the gap in female entrepreneurs' access to funding given their heavy reliance on informal sources of funding. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0090 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to explore gender variations in entrepreneurship and internationalisation from the perspective of the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm; in particular, the paper explores how differences in the personal idiosyncrasies of both males and females in part account for the variations in export internationalisation. Design/methodology/approach: The study draws on extant literature on the critical success factors in entrepreneurship and internationalisation research (e.g. foreign market knowledge, firm-level technology and firm age) as the conceptual framework to explore the issue. The study is based on 21 male and 17 female export entrepreneurs from Ghana and uses a descriptive research design (i.e. frequencies and chi-square test) to analyse the results. Findings: The results show that the perceptions of male and female exporters differ on key internationalisation success factors based on extant literature. Implicitly, whilst both groups shared a similar degree of basic knowledge on a few export success factors, across most of the other key export success factors, the male counterparts demonstrated a more expanded view compared to the females. The results support the assumption of the RBV theory applied in this study to argue that to account properly for the internationalisation outcomes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the personality characteristics of the owner entrepreneurs are critical resources which cannot be ignored. Research limitations/implications: In terms of limitation, the study is exploratory study based on non-probability sampling methods using descriptive frequencies tables and analysis of chi-square test and so readers must bear this limitation in mind in interpreting the results to improve on future studies. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the empirical literature by offering a unique perspective regarding how women and men perceive and interpret export success factors and how that impacts on the internationalisation outcomes of women and men. The paper responds to calls by researchers (e.g. Terjesen et al., 2011; Ratten and Tajeddini, 2018; Kuschel and Labra, 2018; Javadian and Richards, 2020) to populate studies on the topic to deepen the present understanding. By using data from Ghana, West Africa, the study sheds a fresh insight on the topic from an under-studied and under-researched geographical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academica Turistica is the property of University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies - Turistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Government and financial institutions are attempting to address the low financial inclusion for developing sustainable microenterprises in rural Benin. Yet, their actions remain to be guided by evidence pertaining to the design of financing schemes intended to boost rural women-owned enterprises. This paper focuses on the relationship between the various financing schemes that exist and the economic performance of women-owned enterprises in rural Benin, using a sample of 3949 small businesses. Results show that social network-based financing improves the business performance of rural women entrepreneurs in small-scale commerce. This is also the case for microenterprises managed by adult women and women with primary-school education. Formal credit-based financing increases the profit margins of mature microenterprises owned by women. This paper also shows that self-financing is more profitable for young rural women entrepreneurs. The results partly inform the need to target women more in financing policies in Benin. Plain English Summary: Microenterprises' financing and performance require more gender considerations in rural Benin. Because of the demand rationing of formal credit, there is a coexistence of other sources of financing in use that induce differential impacts on the performance of women-owned microenterprises. This study finds that informal social network-based financing is more beneficial for rural women traders, adults, or educated owners. A substitute formal microcredit would enhance the growth of rural women-owned microenterprises operating with social networks-based financing. This has to be rural women having proven experience in small businesses. For inexperienced young women, a self-financing mechanism is more appropriate to start small businesses. Our findings call thus for policies targeting experienced female microenterprises for innovative microfinance programs and young female entrepreneurs for subsidy programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examined how family moral support influenced the performance of women entrepreneurs involved in craft tourism in Southern Africa. Relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology were adopted to understand the rural women entrepreneurs' experiences and perspectives. The stakeholder theory was applied to disaggregate the family system and identify how each member impacts women entrepreneurs' performance. The family's structure and composition helped to explain women entrepreneurs' resilience. Thematic content analysis was used to present rural women entrepreneurs' narratives. Evidence from the study indicated that spouses and children's moral support boosted women entrepreneurs' confidence and ability to collaborate with other entrepreneurs. The research analysed the social context (family) and explained the role played by the family in sustaining rural women-owned craft tourism ventures. Apart from localising the tourism perspectives from rural women entrepreneurs' perspective, the ensuing discussion puts into perspective the emotional support mechanisms that enable women entrepreneurs to balance family-venture commitments. This paper contributes to the literature by examining how individual family members' moral support impacts women entrepreneurs' performance. It also makes a theoretical contribution by analysing craft tourism entrepreneurship from a sociological dimension and disaggregating the family system to identify and explain each family member's contribution to the informal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdfunding is a growing source of finance for entrepreneurs. In this paper, we investigate the existence of a gender effect in the time needed to obtain a business loan through crowdfunding. Using data from three Dutch crowdfunding platforms, survival analysis of the time to completion for 934 business loan campaigns shows that female entrepreneurs have a 20% shorter campaign completion time compared to male entrepreneurs, whereas couples do not differ from males. This effect persists across the different platforms. Subsequent analysis shows that female entrepreneurs do not have the disadvantage they face in traditional lending channels when requesting funds through crowdfunding, and that herding behavior by investors benefits female entrepreneurs most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Carta Económica Regional is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intersection of gender and entrepreneurship has received growing attention in recent years from academics, practitioners, and policy makers. The current paper reviews research on what influences women's demand for- and supply of entrepreneurial finance, while suggesting a conceptual approach untangling contradictory findings in earlier studies. This is achieved through a systematic literature review of 113 carefully selected papers, published between 1989 and 2019. Specifically, the review includes 77 studies dedicated to female access to finance, 32 studies on female investment behaviour, and 4 studies addressing both. We find that inconsistent findings can be traced to a combination of wide theoretical plurality in one-half of the studies and an absence of theoretical anchoring in the other half, calling for conceptual integration of existing theories with feminist critiques. Accordingly, we propose integrative conceptual frameworks highlighting the roles of explicit and symbolic factors impacting women's access to- and investment of- financial resources. This approach led us to suggest that refocusing research on symbolic and intangible factors may help uncover new associations, otherwise obscured in earlier research. Furthermore, the inclusion of interaction terms with gender-related variables may also help untangle existing inconsistencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The involvement of women in business in developing countries has become a subject of great interest for many researchers. In particular, female involvement in microfinance institutions has received special attention from governments and development institutions given its potential impact on poverty alleviation. This paper assesses the effect of gender on the credit risk and performance of microfinance institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. A sample of 43 microfinance institutions from 19 sub-Saharan African countries was selected and data was collected over the period 2010–2016. Seemingly unrelated regressions (SURs) were performed to examine how gender affects the credit risk and performance of microfinance institutions. The findings do not show any significant impact of female loan officers on credit risk, financial performance or social performance. Thus, all else being equal in the countries analyzed, female loan officers do not impact the credit risk and performance differently compared to male credit officers. The contribution of this paper is to shed light on the debate on the impact of gender on the performance of microfinance institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on businesswomen Kim Helas' Passion For Paper in Auckland, New Zealand. Her inventory is sourced from around the globe is all-encompassing. Passion For Paper clients also use papers for decoupage, book binding, and a multitude of other creative endeavours. There is an extensive selection of premium stock invitations for weddings and parties.

Purpose: An analysis of the situation of women on the Polish labour market and identification of arguments in favour of measures supporting the professional activation of women. Design/methodology/approach: This study is an overview and attempts to analyse the situation of women in the Polish economy on the basis of recent Polish and foreign reports. Findings: Macroeconomic benefits and the potential to improve business performance are arguments in favour of measures to activate women in the labour market, to support their career development and to promote gender diversity in companies to attract talent. Research limitations/implications: The paper identifies the micro- and macro-economic benefits of increasing women's participation in the labour market. Practical implications: The author characterises the changes taking place on the labour market in the context of the situation of women, with particular reference to Polish socio-economic policy regulations and European Union directives on equality policy. Originality/value: Given the dynamic changes on the Polish labour market, which is already facing very strong supply pressures, seeking solutions to encourage as many people as possible on the labour market, including women, to remain economically active for as long as possible is a necessary condition for the development of the modern economy. Harnessing the potential of women brings tangible results for economies and businesses, hence measures should be taken to redress the gender imbalance in various areas of the wider labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper adds to the literature on female entrepreneurship in the Algarve region in Portugal. We obtained data on the profile, motivations and difficulties experienced by female entrepreneurs and studied the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis on their ventures. Design/methodology/approach: The research resorted to a Case Study approach, along with semi-structured interviews with twenty-four women who create and develop their activity in Algarve. Findings: It was concluded that the presence of entrepreneurs in the family, the influence of networking, and knowledge and professional experience were relevant factors for their entrepreneurial initiative and behaviour. The main constraints identified were: insecurity and difficulties in hiring staff. Regarding the motivations of female entrepreneurs, the need for independence and personal fulfilment stand out, reflecting a predominance of entrepreneurial activity based on the identification of opportunities. The negative impact of the pandemic on the business development of the interviewees, although mitigated by digital tools, was felt globally. Originality/value: As the literature review established, despite being a well-known tourist destination internationally, the Algarve region remains overlooked, especially when it comes to the study and analysis of social and economic dynamics. In the same vein, so has the study of female entrepreneurship in the region. The methodology used in this paper allowed for the creation of a survey that provides new empirical information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a special issue of Venture Capital which comprises a selection of the papers that were presented in the venture capital track at the 48th World Conference of the International Council For Small Business (ICSB) held in Belfast, Northern Ireland in June 2003. The intention of the mini-conference was to provide a forum for papers which explored new issues in venture capital. In our judgement the six papers that we have selected for publication in this special issue are particularly innovative in either their topic, methodology or treatment of the subject matter. This review covers the main themes in the track: (i) the new investment environment; (ii) approaches by venture capitalists to the evaluation of investment opportunities; (iii) the management of investments and investment performance; (iv) the global spread of venture capital; (v) business angels; (vi) the demand for venture capital; (vii) bootstrapping - making do without venture capital; (viii) women and (no) venture capital [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork on young white-collar women training bodies after work in Shanghai, I demonstrate that core muscles serve as visual indexes of discipline and hard-work, and that women create social spaces to collectively cultivate such dispositions. The socially sanctioned value of core muscles is connected to the discourse of 'having it all' increasingly popular among professional women in corporate, urban China. This paper elaborates on how bodily training transposes dispositions of work ethics beyond the workplace and on women's anxieties about their bodies at the intersection of productive and reproductive demands from the society. This paper builds on and critiques existing approaches to the body, and attends not only to the woman's body at the intersection of production and reproduction but also to the social aspect of bodily training in spaces between home and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface cues such as displays of passion and physical attractiveness can affect crowdfunding outcomes. Yet the efficacy of these cues may be contingent on other attributes of the entrepreneur, such as their gender. We integrate insights from the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion with those of expectancy violation theory to develop and test a theoretical framework in which the benefit of these cues is contingent on the gender of the entrepreneur and expectancies associated with it. Furthermore, we introduce a novel measurement technique to assess individuals' implicit gender-based biases related to passion and attractiveness. Plain English Summary: Among biased investors, crowdfunding pitches work best for passionate male and attractive female entrepreneurs. Crowdfunding is a way for entrepreneurs to raise funds from a large, anonymous pool of amateur investors. To raise funds on these platforms, entrepreneurs create pitch videos to present to potential investors. When crowdfunding first emerged, there was widespread hope that it would open up new sources of funding to groups of entrepreneurs who are often shut out from traditional sources of funding, such as venture capital. But has that really happened? Or do biases that are common among professional investors also work to the disadvantage of these entrepreneurs in crowdfunding? In this paper, we answer these questions by studying the pitches of both male and female entrepreneurs and their impact on funding success. Our findings offer both a cause for optimism and for concern. On the positive side, we do find that crowdfunding can be a viable source of funding for female entrepreneurs. However, this benefit primarily goes to more attractive females. Furthermore, although being passionate in a pitch is generally a good thing, we find this benefit primarily goes to men instead of women. Without being too pessimistic, we find that these results only hold among those investors who hold certain gender-based biases pertaining to passion and attractiveness. Overall, the principal implication of this study is that biases that limit accessibility to traditional sources of funding also operate within crowdfunding. However, traditionally underfunded groups of entrepreneurs may be able to use these to their advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ius Canonicum is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction industry's male-dominated image, working ethos, and environment have led to an abysmal representation of women professionals in the workforce. The industry, the second largest employer in India, contributing 9% to India’s GDP has a mere 2% representation of women professionals (architects, site engineers, quantity surveyors, planning engineers, safety professionals, etc.) in employment. Manpower shortage continues to challenge the industry and poses an opportunity for women and employers alike. In this context, the paper aims to identify and evaluate the barriers and approaches to improve the wellbeing, safety, and health of women professionals at project sites thus increasing their share in employment. A mixed approach of questionnaire survey, interviews, and focused discussion was adopted. The top three barriers identified were – Long working hours and a culture that working long demonstrate work commitment, Remote and changing work locations of project sites impacting family life, and Inflexible work hours; while the top three approaches were – Providing appropriate sanitary facilities, Separate and clean restrooms and Evaluating performance based on output rather than hours put in. Results suggest that men and women shared a common perception of all barriers and approaches except for three. The findings will aid in advocating for women's wellbeing, safety and health at construction sites and spread the word about the value of gender mainstreaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the experiences of LGBT* ethnic minority entrepreneurs, their changing locations and their entrepreneurial activities. Using a unique mixed-method approach which collected empirical data from Germany and the Netherlands, the paper combines an ethnographic fieldwork of intersectional entrepreneurs, community activists and policy-makers with an original survey with LGBT* customers. Our findings contribute to understanding of intersectionality by revealing the role played by the contextualized embeddedness of intersectional entrepreneurs at the different geographic scales of supranational, national, regional and inter and intra-urban. While such embeddedness frames the challenges they face, it also provides opportunities for intersectional entrepreneurs. Using a multi-scalar perspective, this paper delivers a spatially contextual perspective of entrepreneurial diversity and provides a framework to analyse the complex issues and contexts with which intersectional entrepreneurs are both confronted and embedded within. This paper contributes to refining the spatial context of entrepreneurship which has gained attention in recent studies of entrepreneurship and regional development. The paper responds to a call for gender entrepreneurship scholars to contribute to understanding of intersectional entrepreneurship. Finally, this study goes beyond the binary view of female migrant entrepreneurship by adopting a more gender diverse lens which considers the experiences of LGBT* entrepreneurs from ethnic minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Family business has been widely discussed in the literature. Still, a holistic approach summarizing the family business concept in entrepreneurship is fragmented to date. This paper aims to explore the multimedia view of family business research in entrepreneurship and finds the key theme discussed by researchers. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a systematic literature review on family business and its role in entrepreneurship have been conducted. The literature review consists of bibliometric and content analyzes. Bibliometric research offers quantitative insights, whereas content analysis provides the qualitative evaluation of the literature. Findings: The findings suggest that recent research in this area focuses on exploring the role of women entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship in the family business. The literature also finds that because of the nature of family businesses, successors get the opportunity to use their family's network, social status, financing and opportunity toward a well-developed market. Research limitations/implications: This paper may help researchers and practitioners to identify the past and current research trends related to family business and entrepreneurship. Originality/value: The concepts from network theory are applied for content analysis to identify and explore various family business and entrepreneurship literature sub-domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in women's access to managerial positions, the glass ceiling still restricts women's participation in corporate decision-making. Theoretical studies have examined the determining factors and career alternatives for women's professional development to understand the roots of this problem. However, analysis aimed at establishing the causal relationships and exploring the implications of this phenomenon is missing from the literature. To fill this gap, this paper provides an overview of the determinants of the career development of women executives and explores how these factors influence their alternatives for professional development. A sample of Spanish women executives is examined using multicriteria decision techniques, and associations are established between factors and alternatives for women executives' career development. This paper contributes to the topic of gender in management literature by enhancing the theoretical foundations and empirical validation surrounding the phenomenon of the glass ceiling. It has managerial implications in providing companies with an empirical basis for understanding the orientation of women's career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data mining is the process of continuously optimizing the problem to the goal. It has to meet the needs of the user, which means it has to unearth content that is useful or interesting to the user. This paper analyzes the data mining of female sports behavior prediction based on FCM algorithm. We modified the standard speech frequencies of the data into high-level descriptions, used various data mining methods to determine speech rules, and obtained good experimental results. Data mining technology is used to mine valuable information and knowledge hidden in a large amount of test security data, and make the acquired expertise into understandable rules or patterns, and then use the rules or patterns that have been created to effectively detect Guidelines for any activity suspected of attacking network data. The simulation results show that the data mining system in this paper can effectively predict and analyze the data. The results show that there are many differences among working women in terms of average annual consumption of sports and leisure activities, participation and consumption of sports and leisure activities. In addition, based on the results of the study, we will take more effective and specific references and measures to expand the participation of professional women in sports and leisure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Role that a women business person plays to battle joblessness should not be misjudged, particularly in nations with developing unemployment rates. This paper featured the systems embraced by women entrepreneurs to guarantee private venture accomplishment in Rajasthan. The fundamental aim of this paper is to distinguish techniques embraced by women entrepreneurs to stay practical and compelling in the market. They, accordingly, receive comprehensive marketing strategies to advance their ventures. Women entrepreneurs deliberately connect the "7Ps" of administration showcasing to improve the likelihood of addressing the clients' issues and needs. This paper likewise distinguished the impact of financial difficulties on the failure or success of women entrepreneurs. This paper may also cover the method of sustainable development used by the existing women-headed enterprises in Jaipur and Rajasthan. The findings of numerous investigate showed that the marketing strategies embraced by women entrepreneurs positively affect the accomplishment of organizations. Proposals were determined for women entrepreneurs to set aside some effort to examine the idea of difficulties other women have looked at in business. They potentially give answers for such issues before going into business. This paper highlights the connection between marketing strategy and women entrepreneurs in India, especially in Rajasthan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to study whether entrepreneurial performance can be explained by entrepreneurial orientation among female entrepreneurs in Kenya. This empirical research is based on the data from 301 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in Kenya. A linear multiple regression analysis on the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial performance among female entrepreneurs was conducted. The paper focused on the five aspects of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness, pro-activeness, competitive aggressiveness, and, autonomy) and their ability to prompt entrepreneurial performance which was defined as firm performance, development of personal wealth, and social performance. Social performance was rather well predicted by entrepreneurial orientation (by 4 out of 5 aspects), whereas firm performance was only limitedly predicted by entrepreneurial orientation (only by 2 out of 5 aspects) and development of personal wealth was not predicted by entrepreneurial orientation at all (by 0 out of 5 aspects). On the other hand, we see that the entrepreneurial orientation aspects of innovativeness and pro-activeness have the most predictive value (for 2 out of 3 entrepreneurial performance indicators), whereas risk-taking and autonomy have only limited predictive value (for only 1 out of 3 entrepreneurial performance indicators) and competitive aggressiveness has no predictive value at all (for 0 out of 3 entrepreneurial performance indicators). The paper is based on own-collected empirical data. The paper indicates that the benefits of aligning high levels of entrepreneurial orientation are not unanimous but vary across the different aspects of entrepreneurial orientation and the different entrepreneurial performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women establish their entrepreneurial projects for economic independence and to reduce vulnerability to poverty. The number of women engaged in entrepreneurial activities has increased as a result of access to business training and mentorship facilitated by non-governmental organisations. This paper advances empirical evidence in the field of social development and sustainable livelihoods. Using qualitative methodology, I present evidence from 20 women who were beneficiaries of a Non-Governmental Organisation's entrepreneurship training in the province of Gauteng, South Africa. Underscored by the sustainable livelihood approach, this paper deliberates three connected themes: motivational factors that promote women entrepreneurs, nurturing social networks, and navigating financial capital challenges. The paper affirms women entrepreneurship as a positive social development strategy to assist unemployed women to work towards economic self-reliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With public concerns about fostering the inclusion of women, especially those with low socio-economic status, governments and private entities have started to develop collaborative strategies to improve women's development. One such strategy is collaborations with sharing economy entities, which are online platforms that provide entrepreneurship opportunities for individuals despite geographical and structural barriers. This paper draws on Ostrom's concept of the commons to explore how to foster the inclusion of women as entrepreneurs in the sharing economy through collaboration. Thematic analysis reveals the nature and outcomes of policies geared towards women's development. While previous studies on the sharing economy have noted that the top-down nature of its operations has resulted in individualised gains, this paper highlights the collaboration within these settings – leading to individual and mutual monetary and non-monetary benefits – stemming from a shared digital and traditional commons with context-based ideologies and stakeholder actions. This paper gives practitioners a clear understanding of how they can successfully support and create a context for women's entrepreneurship in the age of digitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond severe illness and deaths, the COVID-19 pandemic brought widespread economic disruption, businesses closing, and unemployment surging to levels not experienced since the Great Depression. The effect of this pandemic on global tourism has been fast, extensive, widespread, and devastating. This paper identifies the significant characteristics of female entrepreneurial businesses. It examines the strategies taken between 2015 and 2022 to influence the firm's growth and reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are based on the interviews conducted with ten female entrepreneurs who own and operate small family-based entrepreneurial firms in Poland's tourism and hospitality industry. This paper aims to deliver recommendations for policy actions and entrepreneurship strategies to effectively grow and curtail or counterbalance the impact of exogenous shocks such as the economic shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst a surge in startups, the Asia-Pacific region has emerged as the powerhouse of entrepreneurial endeavours. From being a minority to shaping the industries, female entrepreneurs have significantly risen in numbers. Women have crossed the spectrum of micro to high-growth leaders, from backing life to creating wealth, owing to the dynamic surge in the economy of the Asia-Pacific region. This revolution in the entrepreneurship landscape accentuates the determination and resilience of the women redefining the narratives. Yet, while rising as a recognised force, women entrepreneurs are still lagging. This can majorly be attributed to the gender-based deep-rooted stereotypes, inequalities, and attitudes impacting women-led businesses in the region. The paper discusses the rise of women entrepreneurs in the different regions of Asia-Pacific, with a brief illustration of varying government initiatives driving the change to better and inclusive spaces. It also illustrates the trends shaping women entrepreneurship, the challenges hindering the progress of women-led businesses, and the untapped areas that need to be catered to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sustainability is viewed as an encompassing perspective, as endorsed by the international policy context, driven by the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aim to examine how women entrepreneurs transform capitals to pursue sustainability, and to generate policy insights for sustainability actions through tourism entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: Applying qualitative approach, we have generated empirical evidence drawing on 37 qualitative interviews carried out in Turkey, whereby boundaries between traditional patriarchal forces and progressive movements in gender relations are blurred. Findings: We have generated insights into how women entrepreneurs develop their sustainability practice by transforming their available economic, cultural, social and symbolic capitals in interpreting the macro-field and by developing navigation strategies to pursue sustainability. This transformative process demonstrates how gender roles were performed and negotiated in serving for sustainability pillars. Research limitations/implications: In this paper, we demonstrate the nature and instrumentality of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship through a gender lens in addressing some of these SDG-driven challenges. Originality/value: We advance the scholarly and policy debates by bringing gender issues to the forefront, discussing sustainable tourism initiatives from the viewpoint of entrepreneurs and various members of local community and stakeholder in a developing country context where women's solidarity becomes crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to understand resilience in entrepreneurial behavior and the major adversities faced by women entrepreneurs and identify theoretical and empirical bases that support the use of the integrative approach as appropriate to studies of resilience in women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: In this exploratory-theoretical study, the authors adopted a narrative review of the literature on Female Entrepreneurship, Business and Resilience. The databases researched were: Web of Science, Social Citation Index and Scopus, of which 52 were submitted to analysis through techniques of comparison and contrast between theory, classical studies and applied research. Findings: The study illuminates the concept of resilience aligned with entrepreneurship and the major adversities of female entrepreneurship. It also indicates the competence of the integrative approach in investigating and analyzing resilience as a complex, functional and emotional phenomenon between women entrepreneurs and their business environment. Research limitations/implications: This study indicates that the integrative approach can offer an explanatory device about the relationships between affectivity and cognition in the resilient behavior of women when encountering difficulties in the entrepreneurial process. It also indicates paths for future research that can empirically prove the degree of these constructs in the resilient behavior of women entrepreneurs, having the difficulties related to the gender stereotype as a point of interest. Practical implications: The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior. Social implications: The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior. Originality/value: This study provides original evidence that cognitive and affective aspects influence women's entrepreneurial behavior with the same degree of importance. Therefore, they must be investigated jointly. This discovery brings relevance to theoretical and empirical studies on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon cyberfeminist theory with a socially constructed view of gender, this paper aims to objectively reveal the extent of digitalization in female entrepreneurs' empowerment by examining the impacts of their online gender identities on crowdfunding performance. Leveraging a female-led sample of 3125 Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns, we develop a measure of gender identity online using natural language processing analytic techniques to mine linguistic narratives, and empirically investigate our questions. The results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the online displays of masculinity and crowdfunding performance for female entrepreneurs and no significant effect of femininity on crowdfunding performance. Regarding hybrid masculinity and femininity, we find those female entrepreneurs who display a masculine identity (i.e., high on masculinity and low on femininity) online perform better in crowdfunding. The results clearly demonstrate that the potential of crowdfunding for female entrepreneurs' empowerment is overestimated in that embracing masculinity is reproduced online in addressing women's financial constraints, thus providing objective and reliable evidence for informing the debate on the extent of digitalization in female entrepreneurs' empowerment. Plain English Summary: Does digitalization sufficiently empower female entrepreneurs? Evidence from examining the impacts of their online gender identities on crowdfunding performance. Drawing upon cyberfeminist theory with a socially constructed view of gender, this paper relies on a dataset of female entrepreneurs online in a crowdfunding domain to reexamine the extent of digitalization in their empowerment. Through an empirical investigation of how female entrepreneurs "doing" gender identity online affects crowdfunding performance, this study shows that the online displays of masculinity have an inverted U-shaped association with crowdfunding performance; femininity has no significant effect; and their hybrids—a masculine identity (i.e., high on masculinity and low on femininity)—are more advantageous than are feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated identities. Our findings based on cyberfeminist theoretical analyses reveal that embracing masculinity is reproduced online in addressing women's financial constraints, strongly demonstrating that the true potential of crowdfunding for female entrepreneurs' empowerment is overestimated. This paper provides objective evidence for informing the debates on the digitalization potential for female entrepreneurs' empowerment and sheds light on how to apply cyberfeminism in subsequent research. Female entrepreneurs can also use our findings to improve crowdfunding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This paper discusses whether the gender dimension of immigrants influences their entrepreneurial activities in host societies. Human capital theory, social capital theory, and disadvantage theory are used to explore immigrant entrepreneurship and its understanding as a migration research field worthy of more attention. Design/methodology: A systematic review of the literature is used, selecting articles from Scopus, Jstor, Elsevier, Research, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases, Taylor & Francis Online and Google's search engine. The studies obtained between 2000 and 2021 were screened, and only those measuring the entrepreneurial spirit of immigrants on the basis of gender were included in the final data set. The revision of the selected paper provides deductive perspectives on a common trend in immigrant entrepreneurship from a gender perspective. Findings: Out of 200 studies, only 20 fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Throughout these 20 studies, it was found that female immigrant entrepreneurs face many challenges in sustaining their businesses based on human capital, social capital, and disadvantage perspectives, as well as obtaining family support for their business activities. In some host societies, immigrant women entrepreneurs face discrimination not only because of gender but also because of discrimination on the basis of race. The dominance of male migrants in the host societies continues. Social implications: Female immigrant entrepreneurs face more difficulties than male immigrants in terms of human capital skills and possessing sufficient social capital skills to create an enterprise. Therefore, the study implies that destination countries(which are defined as those countries receiving immigrants and offering them domocile) should have start-up visa programs, specialized business incubator and accelerator programs, outreach and incentive programs, and other governmental strategies used to draw high-potential immigrant entrepreneurs. Originality/value: In this study, we specifically consider female immigrant enterprises to be as important as male enterprises in supporting the social and economic integration of immigrants. On the other hand, this study also shows the disadvantages female immigrant entrepreneurs face before and after establishing a business and starting their entrepreneurial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose-Keeping in mind the close relationship of women and work life balance (WLB) in today's fast growing world, this paper aims to investigate the extant literature based on types of WLB, factors affecting WLB and coping strategies for the same in case of women entrepreneurs. This paper also paves way for future researchers, to work on the resultant gaps as well as unexplored areas of WLB through this literature work. It will be a support to the researchers ingeneral delving for systematism. Layout- Scholarly articles from related databases like Emerald insight, Google scholar andScience direct perused for the period 2001-2018. Outcomes- This paper provides a deeper insight intoWLB of women entrepreneurs, its types, affecting factors and coping strategies. Research implication/limitations- The various literature works on WLB of women entrepreneurs are presented in this paper based on eighteen scholarly articles only from three database, hence the paper should be viewed, pertaining to the selected sphere of study only. Originality- This paper gives a broad review on literature works related to WLB of women entrepreneurs and gives directions for researchers, policymakers and academicians in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the findings of a doctoral study by Khatwani (2016), which explored the experiences and perception of professional women about their social status, autonomy and respectability. The secondary data, particularly taken from research papers, have been employed for this research. Historically, prevalence of women's subordination to their men has been traced across the globe but in various forms and different levels of subservience. They were not merely subordinated but humiliated, exploited, discriminated, and controlled as commodity. Even in 21st century, women are not treated equally either they are living in highly developed societies or in developing theocratic/traditional societies. Most of sociologists, anthropologists and social researchers are agreed to the argument that a woman's subservience is principally embedded in well-structured system of patriarchy. Therefore, the most of research studies on this subject have explored the association of patriarchy and women's subordination. The term feminism used in 18th century for women's movement for their equal position in society. The development of feminist theories and later on diversity within feminist thoughts regarding gender equality gave birth to different types of feminism. However, the patriarchy has been the central point of behind the subordination of women. Employing the critically qualitative approach, the paper attempts to critically review the different feminist approaches to understanding patriarchy, and how they have been helpful as theoretical framework in addressing hypothetical dimensions of patriarchy, which exhibits in various forms from public to private in almost all societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on female engagement in entrepreneurship and another on the role of women entrepreneurs at regional, national and international levels.

This paper reports on the universe of garment-making-firm owners in a Ghanaian district capital during the COVID-19 crisis. By July 2020, 80 percent of both male- and female-owned firms were operational. However, pre-pandemic data show that selection into persistent closure differs by gender. Consistent with a "cleansing effect" of recessions and highlighting the presence of marginal female entrepreneurs, female-owned firms that remain closed past the spring lockdown are negatively selected on pre-pandemic sales. The pre-pandemic sales distributions of female survivors and non-survivors are significantly different from each other. Female owners of non-operational firms exit to non-employment and experience large decreases in overall earnings. In contrast, persistently closed male-owned firms are not selected on pre-pandemic firm characteristics. Instead, male non-survivors are 36 percentage points more likely than male survivors to have another income-generating activity prior to the crisis. Male owners of persistently closed firms fully compensate for revenue losses in their core businesses with earnings from these alternative income-generating activities. Taken together, the evidence is most consistent with differential underlying occupational choice fundamentals for self-employed men and women in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a Women Entrepreneur in India is a path full of challenges as neither the society nor is the family supportive for budding business women. With the educational support and financial assistance provided by government of India, women are performing marvelous in every industry. Despite our nation's efforts to advance women's rights, there are social, cultural, and economic barriers that prevent women from starting their own businesses. The main issue is a lack of an entrepreneurial climate. There are certain blockages such as pressure to adhere gender roles, lack of family support especially to married ones, in the pathway to women entrepreneurship which are being highlighted in this paper. These female leaders are self-assured, charismatic, and risk-takers. Because of their diligence, tenacity, and hard effort, they were able to prevail in this fierce competition. Also, this paper will suggest some solutions to certain obstacles discussed. Different issues faced by female business owners can be eliminated with the help of suitable instruction, rewards, encouragement, and motivation, as well as the moral support of their families and social acceptance of their entrepreneurial ability. In conclusion, in every sphere of life, she has faced off against man and prevailed, and business is no exception. Women entrepreneurs take on demanding roles to fulfill their own needs and achieve financial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affinity for tech-driven solutions of 'smart cities' has been critiqued at length, as has the gender disparity in technology firms. This paper draws these literatures together along with our own data on Australia's innovation economy – one that includes its spaces (incubators, accelerators and co-working hubs), events ('hackathons'), and places (innovation districts). These three components are ubiquitous among smart city strategies across all levels of government. In this paper we examine the gendered landscape of the innovation economy and the strategic urban agenda to which it is tied. The paper draws on data collected through interviews conducted with women entrepreneurs around their experiences in Australia's innovation economy. Drawing from policy documents and further interviews, our discussion mirrors their vignettes with an examination of the three innovation economy components using case studies from Australian smart city planning. In doing so, we illuminate how the gendered experiences of women in the innovation economy are entwined with the smart urbanism imperatives of high-growth, technology-focus, and the attraction of 'talent'. Existing attempts to grapple with discrimination in the innovation economy are shown to reinforce gendered hierarchies, resulting in 'smart cities' designed for men. We argue that the gendered nature of the tech industries that underpin the innovation economy has implications for who the smart city is for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the sources of work-family conflict among Iranian women entrepreneurs and bridge the academic gap in this area. In this regard, the paper tries to employ opportunity- and necessity-driven entrepreneurship theory. The qualitative approach was used by conducting 15 in-depth interviews with Iranian women entrepreneurs in the Semnan province. According to the results, Sources of work-family conflict for Iranian women entrepreneurs were categorized into: social, cultural, family, and personal categories. These sources are different from opportunity- and necessity-driven Iranian women entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of entrepreneurship is widely studied and acknowledged. Over the past three decades, scholarly interest in the field of women entrepreneurship has been expanded. The phenomena of women entrepreneurship are moving towards being more specific for researcher. The purpose of this study is to collate and present a detailed analysis of literature on women entrepreneurs. The paper uses qualitative methodology that is systematic literature review SLR approach in order to critically determine and explore women entrepreneurs for both emerging and developed market from January 2009 to December 2018 based on five dimensions, i.e. challenges, skills, stereotypes, motivations, and financial stability. This review paper concentrates on studies published in master journal list. The study summarizes the findings of 73 articles out of these all articles, 36 articles were on emerging market and remaining 37 articles were on developed market. Findings of the study suggest that women in developing countries should focus more on consistency in their efforts when they embark on the journey of business, as the challenges and stereotypes are usually manageable. The study provides comparative overview of women entrepreneurship. It brings together coherent research literature on women entrepreneurship from multiple dimensions and thus creates a concise body to knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patriarchal, religious, and cultural values have consistently limited women's participation in the public sphere. Nowhere is this more evident than in entrepreneurial activities conducted in the public space. Therefore, the social media revolution is conceptualised as a mode of overcoming the restrictions and limitations on women's participation in the public sphere. More importantly, social media platforms are utilised as media for women's entrepreneurial activities. A cursory look at these platforms reveals that women, who would otherwise have no avenue for carrying out entrepreneurial activities by their limitation to the private sphere, utilise these platforms to actualise their entrepreneurial aspirations. As such, social media platforms present a means of ensuring women's inclusivity and empowerment in the economic sector, contrary to patriarchal, religious, and cultural challenges to women's public participation. However, utilising these platforms also presents its challenges. This paper, therefore, attempts a critical evaluation of the role of social media platforms in women's entrepreneurial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most Japanese legal dramas feature a male protagonist as the hero, a significant amount of screen time is allocated to the courtroom heroine as well. This is in spite of statistics that show that women are still underrepresented in the Japanese legal profession. Surveying post-2000 Japanese legal television dramas reveals that televisual female legal professionals conform to two stock character types and corresponding narrative arcs: the rookie lawyer, and the elite but "fallen" lawyer. While most shows only feature one such heroine, Onna wa sore wo yurusanai (2014) features two, representing both types. This paper closely examines how the two stock characters are portrayed in this drama and the relevance of each to the larger narrative which reveals the difficulties female legal professionals face while navigating Japan's male-dominated legal domain. The paper concludes that the increasing presence of the heroine in legal dramas and her overall positive portrayal, reflects the Japanese government's goal of raising the number of legal professionals and women's participation in all public sectors by 2020, and also indicates changing attitudes on the part of Japanese society toward the need to give greater recognition and social acceptance to female legal professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study expands on existing literature by exploring characteristics of female social entrepreneurs, their motivational factors, the challenges they face, and the needed support system in the Nigerian context. Design/methodology/approach: A purposive sampling technique was used to select 11 female social entrepreneurs for the qualitative case study design. The respondents were interviewed, and the data was recorded and transcribed. A thematic analysis was carried out to reduce the responses into themes. Findings: Female social entrepreneurs in Nigeria possess a combination of integrity, transparency, and entrepreneurial traits like knowledge, ambition, and leadership. Their motivations include a primary focus on income and financial stability, coupled with a strong desire to help others, drive societal and community change, and tackle issues like unemployment. Notably, many are motivated by empowering their families and fellow women. Independence plays a significant role in their motivation, manifesting as a desire for flexibility and control over their lives, particularly for mothers. They also draw motivation from societal acceptance, success, appreciation, and respect. Challenges they face include funding limitations, market dynamics, and infrastructure issues common to social entrepreneurs, alongside gender-specific obstacles like inequality and self-confidence issues. Desired support includes funding, improved infrastructure, and gender equality enforcement, with less emphasis on education and training, likely due to their existing entrepreneurial activities. Research limitations/implications: The research has several limitations. Firstly, it is based on a small sample size of only 11 female social entrepreneurs in Nigeria, which may not fully capture the diversity of experiences in this field. Secondly, the findings are specific to the Nigerian context and may not be applicable to other regions or countries with different cultural and economic conditions. Thirdly, the qualitative nature of the research limits its generalizability, as it relies on subjective responses from interviewees. Additionally, the use of purposive sampling may introduce bias, and the cross-sectional data provides only a snapshot, lacking insights into how these entrepreneurs may change over time. Practical implications: The study highlights the need to address gender-specific challenges faced by female social entrepreneurs in Nigeria, such as gender inequality and self-confidence issues. To address these challenges, policymakers, NGOs, and business associations should prioritize initiatives that challenge traditional norms and provide training programs. Social implications: The research emphasizes the importance of addressing gender biases, promoting gender equality, and providing targeted support to empower women in entrepreneurship, which can have far-reaching positive social implications for Nigerian society. Originality/value: This paper enhances our understanding of female social entrepreneurship in the Nigerian context and provides valuable insights into the interplay between entrepreneurship, social leadership, and gender-related obstacles. It also has implications for future research in social entrepreneurship, particularly regarding gender dynamics and socio-cultural influences in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]