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This paper studies the Upper Tigris River (UTR) drainage basin in Turkey for climate change impacted runoff estimations. Statistical downscaling method (SDM) is used by taking into consideration spatial dependence function (SDF) for the scenario precipitation projections at a set of available meteorology stations. Temporal adjustment between the climate scenarios and precipitation record time series is achieved by the white Markov (WM) stochastic process. Although various climate research center scenario data are considered, herein, only the general circulation model (GCM) A2 scenario data are adapted from the Hadley Center, England. The precipitation and runoff results are presented in decadal groups starting from 2001 to 2050 as cumulative monthly precipitation (CMP) and cumulative monthly runoff (CMR) graphs. It is observed that after 2021, precipitation decreases at about 12.5% and after 2030, it is 26%. Runoff projections indicate that they may decrease at about 30% especial after 2040. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study about pre-service science teachers' perceptions of the Nature of Science (NOS). Although there is a substantial amount of research on NOS in science teacher education, international comparative accounts particularly of in-depth qualitative data emerging from group discussions are fairly minimal. The primary aim of the research was to determine the changes of pre-service science teachers' NOS perceptions following group discussions in two different national contexts: Turkey and England. Two groups of pre-service teachers from Turkey were contrasted with two groups of pre-service teachers from England. The group discussions were structured with a set of steps. In the first step, the participants were asked to reflect about NOS and record their key ideas on sticky notes. Subsequently, they were presented with a visual framework of NOS, and they were asked to situate their own ideas from the sticky notes in this image. Verbal data from group discussions were investigated by qualitative methodology using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that both groups of pre-service teachers initially focused on epistemic-cognitive aspects of NOS but their ideas became more nuanced in providing some examples about social and institutional dimensions of NOS following the introduction of the NOS image. The study contributes to the understanding of how pre-service teachers view NOS and illustrates how NOS can potentially be incorporated into group discussions in science teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a letter from the journals outgoing editor, discussing the history of the journal from "Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society" to "Romani Studies". Topics discussed include the first issue of the journal containing a survey article on Turkish Romanies, and a paper on the "Annals of the Gypsies in England" by Henry Crofton.

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Migration scholars have long regarded the trajectory of the third generation as a critical test of assimilation; however, scholarship to date has been limited and largely focused on socioeconomic attainment. In this article, we rely on a large dataset of adolescent respondents in England, Germany, and the Netherlands to compare the second and third generations in terms of their social networks and cultural identities. The third generation shows stronger ties to the native fourth-plus generation alongside weaker ties to coethnics. We document comparable, albeit more moderate, dynamics of assimilation over generations in regard to national and ethnic identification, along with substantial variation by country of destination and ethnic origin group. Our results point to a dominant trend of assimilation at the third generation and suggest future challenges to provide a more durable assessment of postwar migration waves two generations after settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the differences between experiences of family role in in-patient rehabilitation in Turkey and England. The literature predominantly assumes family presence in rehabilitation as positive, because it draws upon Western cases, where care is delivered fully by professionals, and patients may feel isolated during hospital stays. Analyses of other contexts provide a more nuanced view. This qualitative research included in-depth interviews (Turkey: 42, England: 18) with people with disabilities (n = 39), their families (n = 8) and hospital staff (n = 13); hospital ethnography (Turkey), focus groups (England: 3 groups involving 4 doctors, 5 nurses, 6 therapists), and participant-observation (England: 5 families). Thematic analysis highlights experiences of family involvement across different contexts. Families are differently integrated in rehabilitation in England and Turkey. In England, where family presence is regulated and relatively limited, people with disabilities feel more isolated and see family as a major form of support. In Turkey, where family presence is unregulated and intense, they enjoy family as an agent of intra-hospital socialising, but find it disabling when it implies a loss of privacy and individuality. Family involvement in rehabilitation should support social interaction but allow people with disabilities to remain independent. Family involvement in rehabilitation can be both enabling and disabling. Existing literature draws upon rehabilitation practices, where family presence is limited and perceived as positive. An analysis of cases, where families are integral to the health care system (e.g., Turkey), can provide a nuanced view of family integration, which can be both enabling and disabling. Rehabilitation processes and health professionals need to integrate families in ways that will enrich social interaction, but still allow people with disabilities to retain their independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional approaches to designing and structuring learning environments apply outdoors as well as indoors, but the value of freedom and unrestricted play outside is well known. However, several factors influence teachers' provision of freedom within outdoor activities, and it is important to reflect on these variables and appropriate degrees of freedom. As these variables depend partly on the cultural context, cases of early years contexts in England and Turkey were compared in this study. Interviews and observation notes were used to collect data, together with images from observations for further reflection. Findings indicate the impacts of national policies, spatial qualities, and pedagogical values of teachers on how 'freedom' is managed and children's opportunities for autonomous action are enacted within activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is neither a unified definition of disability nor a unique experience of disability across the world. The present paper aims to explore the lived experiences of disability in three different countries – Turkey, England and the USA – to evaluate the continued value of the social model of disability in those contexts. A comparison between these countries is provided through the lens of my personal experiences in each country as a disabled student and an academician. As can be seen in each example, whilst impairment does not change, the role of disabling barriers did change depending on the physical, social and psychological nature of the respective environments. We can therefore reasonably refer to the extent to which environments are disabling or non-disabling aspects of each setting. The paper provides a personal validation of the social nature of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multiple images referenced within articles of the issue are presented, including Ottoman Turkish maps of the reign of Sultan Mehmet II, 16th-century maps collected for espionage purposes, and 20th-century comparative surveys of England.

The COVID-19 has had an impact on almost every aspect of life throughout the world. The quarantine, limited social life, and fear of contamination have triggered psychological symptoms in societies. The need for mental health services has increased, and online psychological counselling, which provides psychological help with no risk of infection, has become more popular. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 on psychological counselling services and compare the general situation of publications on online psychological counselling before and during the pandemic. For this purpose, 463 publications related to online psychological counselling in the Web of Science (WoS) database were examined. The results were discussed in the context of trends and differences before and during COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experience of certain material deprivation pattern varies significantly across the world. • Children from Europe have almost no likelihood of belonging to the Extreme Deprivation class. • Children living in MENA are more likely to experience housing and mobile deprivation. • Children living in Africa are more likely to experience lack of access to digital resources in addition to deficit of basic necessities. • Children living in Eastern Europe are more likely to experience transportation deprivation. Current research suggests that poverty affects children at different rates across the world (OECD, 2018; Unicef Innocenti Research Center, 2007). Additionally, poverty affects children differently – from deprivation of basic needs (ex. lack of food, clothing) to lack of access to digital technology. Previous studies of child poverty and its impact on children have predominantly approached this topic using income-based measures of poverty. This paper employs a material deprivation approach to study child poverty in different cultural contexts. Therefore, this study answers the following questions: Does child material deprivation have different patterns across world regions? If so, what characteristics do these patterns of material deprivation have? Are these patterns of material deprivation more likely to affect certain world regions? This paper utilizes data from the International Survey of Child Well-Being. The data includes children at the age of 12 from Norway, Germany, England, Spain, Malta, Estonia, Romania, Algeria, Israel, Turkey, Ethiopia, and South Africa. The analyses were based on the items available in the Child Material Resource Index. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized to explore patterns of material deprivation. Findings suggest five patterns of child material deprivation, ranging from extreme to no deprivation. The distribution of these patterns varies significantly across world regions. This study suggests that the distribution of resources to eliminate poverty should be based not only on income-based indicators but should also include an assessment based on perceived deprivation scales, especially in international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey study of the language and literacy practices of first-generation Turkish immigrant families with 3- to 6-year-old children was conducted in England. Information on family socioeconomic background, migration history and language skills of 168 first-generation Turkish parents was collected through structured interviews in Greater London and Northwest England. The study findings suggest that early childhood experiences that are important for the educational attainment of immigrant children may be affected by the family characteristics and the integration experiences of parents. Regression analyses demonstrated that parents from disadvantaged backgrounds engaged in language and literacy activities less often and preferred Turkish as the interaction language at home. Parent's social integration, measured via parent's length of residence and English skills, significantly predicted their language use with their children. Low social integration was associated with increased Turkish use, whereas high social integration was associated with more frequent language and literacy activities at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management / Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), embarking on significant roles in the development of both undeveloped regions and developed economies of the world, especially in many European countries, have come to agenda with intense discussions in Turkey. Although forms and directions of these discussions have changed following of RDAs going into action, concerns about their vision and future roles are still up to date. In this study, place and importance of Turkey's RDAs, of which legal basis was formed in 2006 and establishment was completed all over the country in 2010, will be handled by presenting experience of regional development agencies of England. As England model has been generally tackled in the formation process of RDAs in Turkey, discussions have remained mostly theoretical in similarly entitled studies in the literature. There have also existed concrete practices in Turkey with the agencies' coming into operation. This paper aims to add the experience of these practices to the previously conducted theoretical studies in the same title and make contribution to studies to be carried out in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore social and behavioural impacts of English smoke-free legislation (SFL) in different ethnic groups. Design A longitudinal, qualitative panel study of smokers using in-depth interviews conducted before and after introduction of SFL. Participants A purposive sample of 32 smokers selected from three ethnic groups in deprived London neighbourhoods with approximately equal numbers of younger and older, male and female respondents. Results SFL has had positive impacts with half smoking less and three quitting. Although there were no apparent differences in smoking and quitting behaviours between groups, there were notable differences in the social impacts of SFL. The greatest negative impacts were in smokers over 60 years, potentially increasing their social isolation, and on young Somali women whose smoking was driven more underground. In contrast, most other young adult smokers felt relatively unaffected by SFL, describing unexpected social benefits. Although there was high compliance, reports of illegal smoking were more frequent among young, ethnic minority smokers, with descriptions of venues involved suggesting they are ethnically distinct and well hidden. Half of respondents reported stopping smoking in their own homes after SFL, but almost all were Somali or Turkish. White respondents tended to report increases in home smoking. Discussion Although our study suggests that SFL can lead to reductions in tobacco consumption, it also shows that impacts vary by ethnicity, age and sex. This study highlights the importance of understanding the meaning of smoking in different social contexts so future tobacco control interventions can be developed to reduce health and social inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the nature of science education in England, where constructivist principles have informed science education for several decades. A series of lesson observations were carried out to explore the extent to which English science lessons match the 'ideal' of constructivist teaching that has now become the expected approach recommended by the Turkish government. Four schools and a sixth form college were visited to meet staff and observe some teaching. Two lessons in each of the schools, and five in the college, were observed. An observation guide developed from the research literature was used to focus observations on aspects of teaching and learning considered most relevant to a constructivist approach. In particular eight areas were identified that might potentially distinguish between the more traditional teaching common in Turkey and the recommended ideal of 'constructivist' teaching. The overall characterization of the science teaching observed was that it was generally 'progressive' when compared with the traditional lessons that make up the common practice in Turkey. However, this study suggests that science teaching in England does not fully match the ideal of constructivist teaching. The conditions needed to bring about a major shift in classroom pedagogic practices are considered, with special reference to how the situation in England can inform Turkish science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity development can be challenging for adolescents, particularly those from immigrant families who are required to make sense of their identity whilst accommodating themselves into different cultures. For second-generation ethnic minority adolescents, these identity formation processes may range from harmony/effectiveness to conflict/stress, having consequences for acculturation and for mental health. Focusing on an underexplored area of research, the present study aimed to examine the relationships between ethnic identity, acculturation orientations, and mental health outcomes among second-generation Turkish adolescents (16-18 years old) in England. Data were collected using a self-report survey (N = 220) and analyzed using structural equation modelling. Results demonstrated that ethnic identity was positively associated with positive mental health and that each ethnic identity component (exploration, resolution, affirmation) was differently associated with life satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological well-being, and depression. Ethnic identity was also positively related to separation and negatively to marginalization whilst no relationships were observed between integration, separation or marginalization, and mental health. Mediation analysis determined that ethnic identity was negatively associated with assimilation and in turn, more positive mental health. Findings demonstrate the complexity of understanding the nature and effects of ethnic identity for second-generation adolescents and have important implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One hundred and seventy-five years ago, in his book titled The Condition of the Working Class in England, Engels wrote about the ways in which the mine workers were exploited within the capitalist system. Classical economists believed that with the improvements in technology, capitalism would create egalitarian employment opportunities for everyone. In their opinion, the coal which served as a catalyser for the classical modernization had no place in the age of digital technology. However nowadays, especially in various developing countries such as Turkey, in the production of coal mines, the existing working conditions are the same as the ones that were applicable one hundred and seventy years ago and the exploitation of the labour of the workers continues. Notwithstanding, digital technologies serve for the control of capitalist production instead of the wellbeing of the workers. Coal has always had an important role in the historical continuity and discontinuity periods of capitalism. Considering the unbreakable link between the exploitation of nature and capitalist accumulation of capital, giving up coal and switching to renewable energy sources does not seem possible. The dialectical link between technology consumption and technology production is also one of the most important reasons for coal production to continue. This article argues that in Turkey today, the technology used in coal mine craft prioritises the control of labour rather than prioritizing the working comfort of the mine workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the IJHG Review is to enable readers to gain a quick overview of articles contained in an individual issue. Design/methodology/approach: All current articles are read by the Review Editor who then prepares the Review. Findings: Common themes are identified and key concepts are extracted from each article. Practical implications: The Review enables readers to prioritize articles of the greatest interest to them. Originality/value: The originality value of the IJHG Review is that no other Emerald Journal offers a Review section of this kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A large body of literature in representational studies reflects a deep professional concern over the negative effect of the role of the media in representing significant Others. Western media's coverage of an international event, in this case, a football competition, raises some ethical questions about the choice of specific lexical items and textual contents. Drawing on the work of Stuart Hall's representation theory, this article examines how Turkey, a nation located on the semi-periphery of Europe, is represented in Western media outlets. By looking at the role that sections of the British sports press plays in their construction of the Turkish national identity, I evaluate the Euro 2016 and Euro 2004 reporting of the UEFA European Championship qualifying matches between Turkey and England. I apply a combination of lexical and narrative analysis, and I question the way that Turkey is represented in the British sport texts. The style and language used in the presentation of football games reveals that British media outlets are prone to present England's politically and economically powerful position, and its cultural superiority over Turkey. Findings also suggest that the discourse of the "West and the Rest" is alive in the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how periods of geopolitical conflict and violence have affected the development of capitalism and class formation in Turkey. We argue that all major episodes of conflict, violence and war—from forced displacement and ethnic cleansing of the non‐Muslims in the late 19th and the early 20th century, to Kurdish secessionist warfare in the 1990s and the Syrian Civil War—have become major historical turning points in the development of historical capitalism in Turkey. These "hostile conjunctures" transformed capitalism through their direct and indirect effects on dispossession, class formation, and capital accumulation. Although each of these conflicts produced a violent dispossession process, none of them resembled the rural dispossession process in England. To make sense of Turkey's experience, we turn our attention to what we call the "Castilian/Spanish road," and what Lenin called the "Junker/Prussian road" and the "farmers/American road." Our analysis shows that these differential paths of dispossession, class formation, and capital accumulation have produced highly variegated rather than uniform outcomes. We conclude that we are living in a new "hostile conjuncture," which is pregnant to a major structural crisis and is generating the preconditions of another historical transformation in the way capitalism operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on international meetings that include any aspect of pathogens and diseases of avian species. The XIVth World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress will be held in Istanbul, Turkey on August 22-26, 2005. The 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza was held at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 3-6 April 2006.

In early modern travel discourse, exploration of 'distant' or 'other' lands is typically configured as some aspect of the female body. Power relations between East and West were often described in terms of conquest or ravishment, the site of which is typically the female body, as might be seen in early modern English literary response to the Ottoman. Couched in terms of the menace the Ottoman poses to the Western Christian, Massinger's The Renegado courts parallels between sexual license, female rebellion, and religion to address domestic threats at home–not from the Ottoman Empire, but rather from the rebellious English women, who represent a clear danger to the patriarchal hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report analyzes the actions taken by emergency responders in three case studies of post-9/11 terrorist attacks in Europe (Istanbul [2003], Madrid [2004] and London [2005]). It also assesses the targeting and tactical information gleaned from three European plots that either failed or were foiled by authorities. The focus of this report is on mass casualty, complex attack scenarios involving explosive or incendiary materials. Although such attacks are not limited to one particular strand of terrorism, the case studies assessed in this report are linked to or inspired by the global jihadist movement spearheaded by the al Qaeda network, since this currently constitutes the most significant threat of mass casualty bombings to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how 15-year-old white and Turkish students in two Inner London comprehensive schools, one in a predominantly working-class area (Millroad School) and the other in a more middle-class environment (Darwin School), construct their identities. Drawing on mainly qualitative data from documentary sources, focus groups and semi-structured interviews, the work points to a range of factors affecting identity formation processes, such as macro-political approaches and school dynamics. The research found that at Millroad School, which celebrated diversity and where students' conflict was ethnic or racial, young people found safety in their national(istic) identities. In contrast, at Darwin School, which tried to integrate students on the basis of common British citizenship and where there was only low-level ethnic conflict, young people developed hybrid ethno-national identities. This article raises important questions about how to create community cohesion in conflictual environments so as to promote both diversity and solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1930 the Alliance internationale de tourisme, a confederation of national cycle and motor touring clubs, set out plans for a motor road from London to Istanbul. This article explores the reasons for the road plan's relative success as a transnational project in the tense inter-war years by looking at the way in which visions of the road crossed national boundaries. By creating both a physical and a symbolic framework that fitted easily into national modernisation projects and identity visions of elite groups of motor tourists, it is argued, the road plan created an effective international fiction that allowed it to circumvent many of the inherent tensions of its construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although electromagnetism is an important component of upper secondary school physics syllabuses in many countries, there has been relatively little research on students’ understanding of the topic. A written test consisting of 16 diagnostic questions was developed and used to survey the understanding of electromagnetism of upper secondary school students in Turkey ( n = 120) and England ( n = 152). A separate test consisting of 10 questions on the visualization of spatial rotation was used to investigate the hypothesis that students’ ability to visualize three-dimensional situations from two-dimensional representations might influence learning of electromagnetism. Many students’ responses showed misunderstandings and inconsistencies that suggested they did not have a coherent framework of ideas about electromagnetism. Common errors included confusing electric and magnetic field effects, seeing field lines as indicating a “flow”, using cause–effect reasoning in situations where it does not apply, and dealing with effects associated with the rate of change of a variable. Performance on the spatial rotation test was, however, only weakly correlated with performance on the electromagnetism questions. The findings suggest the need to develop teaching strategies that help students to visualize magnetic field patterns and effects, and assist them in integrating ideas into a more coherent framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the impact of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) to Anglo-Turkish relations in the Middle East from 1959 to 1965. Effect of the 1958 Middle Eastern turmoil; Conceptualization of the name CENTO; Significance of British policies in the alliance; Creation of military pacts to counter revolutionary dissidents.

The article discusses an inquiry on the legal status of Jews in the Danubian Principalities after the Crimean War. The participation of France and England during the war in March 1854 was triggered by the situation of Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire in Turkey. There have been efforts by Jewish leaders to draw the attention of their respective governments to the status of Jews in the area. Topics discussed during the Peace Congress, which was held in Paris, France in February 1857. The Congress of Paris has confirmed the international character of the Rumanian question.

Politics around sexual health have been polarised in recent years, but the policy implications of this polarisation have not yet been examined in depth. Therefore, this article explores political challenges to a rights-based approach in sexual health policies in Turkey and England. Its focus is on two domains: The prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI), and sexual health education. Drawing on an interpretive documentary analysis, this article reveals that although social attitudes to sexuality and the levels of overall alignment with a rights-based framework within the selected countries do differ, both face significant political challenges in putting a rights-based approach to sexual health into practice. While common political challenges include heightened domestic controversy regarding sexual health, the specific challenges take the forms of a broader conservative turn that undermines the autonomy of sexual health policy in Turkey (similar to the cases of Hungary and Poland), and neoliberal policy preferences coupled with local discretion and service fragmentation that create access inequities in England (similar to the case of Germany). This study concludes that implementing a rights-based approach is a complex political task requiring a nuanced approach that incorporates the political dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reflects on the epidemic of human influenza virus. Instances of death due to infections with H1N5 influenza (Avian flu) from different parts of the world including Turkey, East Anglia and Africa is mentioned. The authors highlights the Martha Nelson and Eddie Holmes review on the developments in complete-genome sequencing, antigenic mapping and epidemiological modelling are improving our knowledge of the evolution of the human influenza virus.

The article presents information about various events related to avian pathology. The 14th World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress is to be held in Istanbul, Turkey from August 22-26, 2005. The 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza will be held at St. John's College in Cambridge, England between April 3-6, 2006. Royalties from the sale of the journal "Avian Pathology," will be used by the Houghton Trust to assist young research workers of any nationality for participation in scientific meetings, visits to laboratories and training courses in connection with research on avian diseases.

Introduction: There is regional diversity inside countries regarding road safety indices (RSIs), and countries rarely have been compared based on these indicators. Thus, regional RSIs of England, the United States, Egypt, and Turkey were evaluated. Regional data were collected from the statistical center of each country. The adopted regional RSIs include road fatalities, health risk (HR) or fatalities per population, and traffic risk (TR) or fatalities per number of vehicles. The associations between variables were examined using correlation and regression analysis. The spatial distributions of subdivisions were evaluated using Moran's I, the local Moran index., Results: Considerable differences between the countries were observed, including differences in the spatial distribution of regions and associations between RSIs. Significant relationships were detected between road fatality, population, and the number of motor vehicles. Higher exposure rates mean higher fatalities in regions. A robust linear relationship between the HR and TR indices was identified in developed countries. There is a nonlinear and significant association between motorization rates and TR indices of regions, and fatality risk decreases as the motorization rate increases. There is a considerable gap between developed and developing countries regarding regional RSIs, and the transferability of road safety models from one country to another is challenging. Huge hotspots regarding RSIs were observed in Turkey and the United States. The locations of hot spots in terms of the risk indices were identical in the developed countries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: This paper introduces the study on the European Union Project on complementary therapies and discusses project outputs and results. The goal of the European Union Project was to improve the professional knowledge and skills of women's health and oncology nurses regarding CT., Background: The increasing and widespread use of complementary therapies in the women's health and oncology population requires nurses to be educated about their suitable and safe use. Many nurses do not have proper training in complementary therapies and therefore should not inform their patients about them., Methods: The 'Improving the Nursing Care with Best Complementary Therapy Strategies Based on European Union Standards' (BestCARE) project was a strategic partnership within Erasmus plus for vocational education and training. The BestCARE project was coordinated by the Akdeniz University Nursing Faculty and was carried out with six partners from Turkey and Europe., Results: Fifteen nurses from Turkey and Italy were trained in complementary therapies in England. In addition, training courses and seminars were held in Turkey and Italy for women's health and oncology nurses. The BestCARE programme consisted of 14 work packages. The BestCARE programme was implemented via websites, an e-learning training programme, training videos, reference and handbook, a curriculum proposal on complementary therapies and a simulation laboratory., Conclusion and Implications for Nursing And/or Health Policy: The BestCARE project allowed nurses to gain knowledge, experience and skills about complementary therapies and created a cultural awareness and sensitivity towards patients, caregivers and health professionals., (© 2018 International Council of Nurses.)

In recent years, medical ethics has become an undisputed part of medical studies. Many people believe that modern advances in medical technology--such as the development of dialysis machines, respirators, magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic testing and types of cancer screenings--have created the bioethical dilemmas that confront physicians in the 21st century. Debates over research and screening ethics have until recently revolved around two related questions: the voluntary, informed consent of subjects, and the appropriate relationship between risk and benefit to subjects in the experiment. Every patient has a right to full and accurate information about his or her medical condition. This legal principle arose primarily through court decisions concerning informed consent, but over time, physicians recognized that most patients prefer to learn the truth about their condition and use the information well. To screen is to search for disease in the absence of symptoms or, in other words, to attempt to find disease in someone not thought to have a disease. Examples of screening include routine mammography to detect breast cancer, routine Pap smears to detect cervical cancer and routine prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing to detect prostate cancer. Ethical principles to be followed in cancer screening programs are intended mainly to minimize unnecessary harm to the participating individuals. Numerous ethical questions can be raised about the practice of screening for disease. This paper reviews recommendation for cancer screening from five countries, examine them from an ethical perspective, and make conclusion from this analysis.