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Climate change has produced new challenges for port infrastructures, requiring the planning of long-term mitigation measures and adaptation actions. In order to be able to orient projects, it is necessary to read ports as complex systems and to understand the dependencies and flows between their parts, and the interaction with city and with environment. Among project actions, the inclusion of green areas provides both mitigation and adaptation benefits.

International audience; Models and empirical studies of port system evolution dominantly focus on land-based dynamics. Hence, it is traditionally recognized that such dynamics condition the evolution of ports and their relations as well as wider regional integration processes. The Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia), which is currently responsible for no less than one-third of all African port throughputs, offers a fertile ground to test the possibility for regional integration to occur through maritime linkages despite limited trade integration and land-based transport connectivity. Main results highlight the increase of trans-Maghreb maritime connectivity but this occurs mostly at the periphery of the system based on transit flows. Logistical integration versus trade integration is discussed in light of the recent evolution of Maghreb ports and of the region in general.

This work presents the general characteristics of the port system. It defines sets and functions describing the structure and work of the port. Moreover, it characterizes foundations of the massive handling theory. It provides basic literature information about selected processes and models of the massive handling theory. On the example of a transportation company serving the loading on ships in the port of Szczecin, it shows the loading method. The material loading onto ships was the sodium water glass. There are observation results of operation times comprising the data available to determine parameters of the massive handling theory. Operations covered in the analysis include: the arrival of the ship at the port’s road, waiting for enter the port, passing through the fairway, waiting for loading, loading, determination of the cargo’s weight, preparation of documents and waiting for leaving the port. It presents critical remarks about possibilities of using the data obtained to describe loading cargo on a ship with the use of elements of the massive handling theory.

Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas

RESUMEN: El transporte marítimo cada vez tiene más importancia en la economía de los países pues su eficiencia y eficacia es cada vez más clara, además contribuye a la globalización a nivel mundial y al buen desarrollo del comercio entre países El creciente flujo de mercancías a nivel internacional, en consonancia con el cada vez mayor uso del transporte por medio del contenedor dada su clara rentabilidad por su aprovechamiento de las economías de escala, ha propiciado la tendencia a la acumulación de tráficos en determinadas localizaciones en función de las características de su área de influencia. Ello además contribuye a la especialización de los puertos en un determinado tipo de tráfico según las características de la región en la que se localiza y de sus propias infraestructuras. Estos movimientos de mercancías pueden ser debidos a distintas causas, como la evolución de la economía de un país, la legislación portuaria existente, o incluso la evolución de la economía. En este trabajo se analizan las características del sistema portuario español y se va a realizar un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre cómo ha sido la evolución tanto de la concentración como de la especialización en España en un amplio período de tiempo, 1986-2013, y se analizará por tipo de mercancía: contenedores, mercancía general, graneles líquidos y graneles sólidos. Para ello se han calculado distintos índices de concentración (Índice de Gini, HHI, N-HHI y CRk) y especialización (Índice de Bird) sobre los cuales se comentarán los principales y más notorios resultados relacionándolos con las características propias del sistema portuario español. Los resultados muestran que no se dan cambios muy importantes en el tiempo, la concentración va en aumento y se ve truncada en ciertos momentos lo que se intuye que puede ser debido a las reformas legislativas llevadas a cabo por el Gobierno, o por los ciclos económicos, pero el cambio más notable se produce durante la última crisis económica sufrida en nuestro país. Además se aprecia una clara tendencia a la especialización regional. ABSTRACT: Maritime transport is increasingly growing and winning space in the economy of the countries because their efficiency and effectiveness is becoming clearer, it also contributes to the worldwide globalization and the good development of trade between countries. The increasing international flow of goods, and also the use of transport by container, is due to its clear efficiency and profitability and for their use of economies of scale, which has led the tendency to the accumulation of traffic in certain locations depending on the characteristics of their area of influence. This contributes to the specialization of ports in a particular type of traffic based on the characteristics of the region where it is located and its own infrastructure. These goods movements can be produced due to various causes, such as the evolution of the economy of a country, the existing port legislation, or even the evolution of the international economy. In this paper the characteristics of the Spanish port system are analyzed by a quantitative and qualitative analysis of what has been the evolution of both concentration and specialization in Spain in an extended period of time, 1986-2013, it is analyzed by type of goods: containers, general cargo, liquid bulk and solid bulk. In order to do the analysis concentration index (Gini index, HHI, N-HHI and CRk) and specialization index (Bird Index) have been calculated. Their main and notorious results are going to be discussed relating them with the characteristics of the Spanish port system. The results show that there aren’t big changes along time, the concentration is increasing and is truncated sometimes due to legislative reforms, economic cycles and the last recession. It is also appreciated a tendency to the regional specialization. Grado en Economía

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and surgical outcomes between laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery and traditional multiport laparoscopic (TML) surgery for treatment of adnexal tumors. Methods Medical records were reviewed for patients undergoing surgery for benign adnexal tumors between January 2008 and April 2012 at our institution. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Clinical and surgical outcomes for patients undergoing LESS surgery using Glove port were compared with those patients undergoing TML surgery. Results A review of 129 patient cases undergoing LESS surgery using Glove port and 100 patient cases undergoing TML surgery revealed no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. The median operative time was shorter in the LESS group using Glove port at 44 minutes (range, 19-126 minutes) than the TML group at 49 minutes (range, 20-196 minutes) (P=0.0007). There were no significant differences between in the duration of postoperative hospital stay, change in hemoglobin levels, pain score or the rate of complications between the LESS and TML groups. Conclusion LESS surgery showed comparable clinical and surgical outcomes to TML surgery, and required less operative time. Future prospective trials are warranted to further define the benefits of LESS surgery for adnexal tumor treatment.

Due to the increasing demands on participants of maritime supply chains for short turnaround times, low costs and high quality with a simultaneously growing number of disruptions, for example due to the COVID-19 pandemic or shipping accidents, digitalization is of elementary importance for companies in maritime logistics systems. Nevertheless, the level of digitalization is very heterogeneous due to various factors, such as the size of the company or the field of activity. The aim of this publication is therefore to provide an overview of the state of research in the field of digitalization of maritime logistics systems in order to support the alignment of the level of digitalization. To achieve this, a structured literature review was conducted and evaluated, particularly with respect to the dependencies of the selected parameters. The analysis shows that increasingly broad-based publications prevail, which provide an overview of the topic without going into detail about the requirements of the individual stakeholders. Furthermore, only rarely are methods explicitly used or technologies investigated that could drive digitalization.

International audience; The Western Russian Arctic seabed, due to the huge quantity of oil and gas, is subject to numerous investment and drill like in the Yamal peninsula with the port of Sabetta. Extreme climate conditions and remoteness impact negatively the cost of transportation of raw materials and so the use of ice or polar class vessels due to the ice. In order to give to Murmansk, the role of transshipment Hub for oil and gas coming from Arctic fields, investment have been made to update existing infrastructure and implement new one. However, if we are aware of the origin of the cargo, the destination is more complex to define. The aim of this article is to analyze, the way Murmansk is integrated in the global maritime network. To do so, we use the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to visualize the different typology of vessel. Even if Murmansk is originally a port mainly dedicated to coal exportation, the coming investment increased the amount of crude oil handled, hence we decided to focus on tankers, container and dry bulk vessels. In order to stress the impact of NSR development on Murmansk, we looked at its input and output evolution since 2010. This evolution is analysed in comparison with the price of commodities. In conclusion, the future competitiveness of the Murmansk port complex is discussed, considering other comparable investment forecasted on deep-water greenports like Arkhangelsk as well Kirkenes, both promoted as future strategic gateway to Western Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe markets thanks mainly to efficient projected railways & roads networks.

Se va a dilucidar si desde el poder estatal liberal existía una idea concreta de cómo se tenía que articular y cohesionar el territorio costero del país a través del análisis y comparación de las diferentes redes y divisiones territoriales imbricadas en el sistema portuario español de mediados del siglo XIX y tomando como ejemplo principal la red de protección sanitaria marítima. La conclusión a la que se llega en el texto es que, efectivamente, existía una idea bastante clara de cómo se tenían que integrar las diferentes redes para articular el territorio aunque, cuando se pasó al campo de las acciones concretas, estos logros que encontramos en el terreno de las ideas se vieron muy limitados., Through a comparative analysis of the different networks and territorial divisions of the mid-nineteenth-century Spanish port system, and using as its major example the maritime anti-epidemic protection network, this article seeks to clarify whether, from within liberal state power, there was any concrete idea of how the country’s coastal regions should be organised and confederated. The conclusion reached in the text is that there was indeed a relatively clear idea of how different networks should be integrated to organise the territory, although, in terms of specific actions, the insights reached in the sphere of ideas were in practice very limited.

Za uspješno poslovanje prometnog sustava neophodno je kvalitetno upravljanje. U tu svrhu treba proučiti čimbenike koji utječu na uspješnost poslovanja te istražiti pokazatelje uspješnosti poslovanja i načine za njihovo poboljšanje. Da bi se s prometnim sustavom moglo uspješno upravljati treba postaviti odgovarajući model/modele koji će predstavljati njegovu pojednostavljenu sliku. Cilj rada je istraživanje mogućih problema i poteškoća koje se javljaju pri modeliranju prometnog sustava, te nalaženje rješenja ili mogućnosti za njihovo izbjegavanje. Radi lakšeg i razumljivijeg tumačenja u radu je za ilustraciju odabran primjer lučkog sustava, a navedeni rezultati istraživanja mogu se vrlo lako prepoznati i primijeniti pri modeliranju drugih prometnih sustava., A high-quality management is essential for a successful business of the traffic system. Therefore, the factors affecting on business performance need to be researched, as well as business efficacy indicators and the ways for their improvement need to be explored. In order to manage the traffic system successfully, the setting up of the appropriate model/models representing a simplified real traffic system is required. The aim of this paper is to research into possible problems and difficulties that occur when modelling the traffic system and to find solutions or options for their avoidance. For a better and easier interpretation of the research work done, the example of the port system is selected for illustration. The listed research results can be very easily identified and applied in modelling other traffic systems.