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2. The Art of Genius: The Notion of Qiyun (Spirit Consonance) in Chinese Painting and Some Kantian Resonances

Author

Xiaoyan Hu, Hailwood, Simon, Dainton, Barry, and Gkogkas, Nikolaos

Abstract

This thesis discusses and provides an interpretation of the notion of qiyun (spirit consonance) in Chinese painting, and considers why creating a painting (especially a landscape painting) replete with qiyun is regarded as an art of genius, where genius is an innate mental talent. A central feature of my discussion is a comparison of the role of this innate mental disposition in the aesthetics of qiyun and Kant’s account of artistic genius. Through this comparison, the thesis addresses an important feature of the Chinese aesthetic tradition, one that evades the aesthetic universality imposed through the lens of Kant. The thesis includes two parts. The first part draws upon the views of Xie He (active 500–ca. 535), the late Tang art historian Zhang Yanyuan (847), the 10th century landscapist and theorist Jing Hao (ca. 870–ca. 930), the Northern Song art historian Guo Ruoxu (ca. 1080) and the early Yuan connoisseur Tang Hou (ca. 1255–ca. 1317), to explain and discuss qiyun and its development from a notion mainly applied to figure painting to one that also plays an important and enduring role in the aesthetic of landscape painting. In the light of Kant’s account of genius, the second part examines a range of issues regarding the role of the mind in creating a painting replete with qiyun and the impossibility of teaching qiyun. These include why the ability to create paintings replete with qiyun is regarded as determined by an innate mental disposition endowed by tian (nature) and belonging only to a few gifted artists, how genius establishes pictorial yi (idea) under the animation of shen (spirit) in the context of qiyun-focused landscape painting, how following the rule of tian enables qiyun to be captured in artistic spontaneity, and why somatic training or practice of genius is required despite the impossibility of teaching or learning qiyun. Also discussed are why and how yipin (the untrammelled class) demonstrates the originality and exemplarity of genius, why and how a pure, untrammelled and lofty mind is cultivated as an ideal mental state for conveying qiyun, how the disinterested aesthetic pleasure of the heart in tune with forest and stream is combined with an interest in pursuing the carefree wandering of a city-recluse-artist, and how a balanced human nature is nourished and its union with tian realised through painting a work replete with qiyun. Finally, I explore how the Confucian doctrine of sincerity is involved in spiritual communion (shenhui) between artist, object, work and audience, and how aesthetic autonomy and the moral relevance of art are reconciled under the first criterion of qiyun. The comparison with Kant on these issues demystifies the uniqueness of qiyun aesthetics and also illuminates some limitations in Kant’s aesthetics.

Published
2025
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9. Lab free protein-based moisture electric generators with a high electric output

Author

Renbo Zhu, Yanzhe Zhu, Long Hu, Peiyuan Guan, Dawei Su, Shuo Zhang, Chao Liu, Ziheng Feng, Guangyu Hu, Fandi Chen, Tao Wan, Xinwei Guan, Tom Wu, Rakesh Joshi, Mengyao Li, Claudio Cazorla, Yuerui Lu, Zhaojun Han, Haolan Xu, Dewei Chu, Zhu, Renbo, Zhu, Yanzhe, Hu, Long, Guan, Peiyuan, Su, Dawei, Zhang, Shuo, Liu, Chao, Feng, Ziheng, Hu, Guangyu, Chen, Fandi, Wan, Tao, Guan, Xinwei, Wu, Tom, Joshi, Rakesh, Li, Mengyao, Cazorla, Claudio, Lu, Yuerui, Han, Zhaojun, Xu, Haolan, and Chu, Dewei

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, electricity generation, Environmental Chemistry, high output with low cost, Pollution, Moisture-electric generators (MEGs)
Abstract

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs), harvesting ubiquitous moisture from the environment for electricity generation, have attracted great interest as power supply devices. However, there are great challenges associated with material availability, fabrication accessibility and operation environment, which are key factors to achieve high output with low cost for practical applications, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of interactions between MEGs and water is urgently required. Here, a whey protein available in supermarkets is used to fabricate low-cost MEGs with controllable performance through tuning surface charges and hydrophilicity, which provides new insights into the electricity generation mechanism and large-scale application. The MEGs exhibit the highest voltage output of 1.45 V at a room humidity level of 40% relative humidity. The whey protein films possess the merits of low cost (70 times cheaper than commonly used polymers), being flexible and semi-transparent, and having self-healing ability, presenting excellent comprehensive device performance. Besides, MEGs can operate well at extreme temperatures (-20 degrees C or 50 degrees C) and power a location tracker in a desert with 26% relative humidity. The modified functional layers with selective ion absorption and controllable outputs provided a deeper understanding of electricity generation in MEGs and demonstrated great potential in powering a wide range of electronic devices in various dynamic environments with high sustainability and reliability. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2023
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11. Research Retraction and Its Communication

Author

Shaoxiong Brian Xu and Guangwei Hu

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive overview of retraction research. It introduces retraction as a self-correcting mechanism of science involving various stakeholders and a complicated process operating centrally through retraction notices authored by different retraction stakeholders. It presents the main reasons for retraction, discusses the consequences of retraction for various stakeholders, identifies contributing factors to the unsatisfactory handling of retractions, and provides suggestions on how to handle retractions more effectively and efficiently. By way of conclusion, the article recommends directions for future research on retraction. This up-to-date overview of retraction research is an accessible source of information for those who are new to the phenomenon of retraction or unfamiliar with the extant research on retraction. It aims to advance the scientific community's understanding of research retraction and its communication.

Published
2024
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12. Design of a SWOT Analysis Model and Suggestions for E-HRM Adoption

Author

Shi Hu

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to design a new SWOT model in which the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges are identified to gain insights into e-HRM adoption by organizations. Some suggestions are proposed for successful e-HRM adoption based on the reformulation of attitude theory. In the area of e-HRM adoption by the organizations' scenario, the SWOT analysis method still lacks enough attention. In this chapter, SWOT analysis is applied to the e-HRM adoption by organizations. Further, suggestions are prompted and grounded in the reformulation of attitude theory. At last, some insights are gained for better strategic HRM achievements multiple industries in an optimum way.

Published
2024
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38. Randomized control study of the use of faropenem for treating patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Author

Yanwan Shangguan, Wanru Guo, Xuewen Feng, Yunzhen Shi, Xiaomeng Li, Zhifen Pan, Ming Hu, Jichan Shi, Cheng Ding, Jiafeng Xia, Wenjuan Hu, Zhongkang Ji, Chengjie Zhao, Yuecui Li, Zebao He, Lingxiao Jin, Xiaodong Tao, Xinming Zhu, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Qun Song, Yuyin Zhu, Lin Zheng, Xiuyuan Jin, Shujuan Huang, Liangxiu Jiang, Yuping Wang, Tiantian Wu, Dan Cao, Ying Zhang, Lanjuan Li, and Kaijin Xu

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Medicine
Published
2023
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45. Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

Author

Rustamkulov, Z., Sing, D. K., Mukherjee, S., May, E. M., Kirk, J., Schlawin, E., Line, M. R., Piaulet, C., Carter, A. L., Batalha, N. E., Goyal, J. M., López-Morales, M., Lothringer, J. D., MacDonald, R. J., Moran, S. E., Stevenson, K. B., Wakeford, H. R., Espinoza, N., Bean, J. L., Batalha, N. M., Benneke, B., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Crossfield, I. J. M., Gao, P., Kreidberg, L., Powell, D. K., Cubillos, P. E., Gibson, N. P., Leconte, J., Molaverdikhani, K., Nikolov, N. K., Parmentier, V., Roy, P., Taylor, J., Turner, J. D., Wheatley, P. J., Aggarwal, K., Ahrer, E., Alam, M. K., Alderson, L., Allen, N. H., Banerjee, A., Barat, S., Barrado, D., Barstow, J. K., Bell, T. J., Blecic, J., Brande, J., Casewell, S., Changeat, Q., Chubb, K. L., Crouzet, N., Daylan, T., Decin, L., Désert, J., Mikal-Evans, T., Feinstein, A. D., Flagg, L., Fortney, J. J., Harrington, J., Heng, K., Hong, Y., Hu, R., Iro, N., Kataria, T., Kempton, E. M.-R., Krick, J., Lendl, M., Lillo-Box, J., Louca, A., Lustig-Yaeger, J., Mancini, L., Mansfield, M., Mayne, N. J., Miguel, Y., Morello, G., Ohno, K., Palle, E., Petit Dit De La Roche, D. J. M., Rackham, B. V., Radica, M., Ramos-Rosado, L., Redfield, S., Rogers, L. K., Shkolnik, E. L., Southworth, J., Teske, J., Tremblin, P., Tucker, G. S., Venot, O., Waalkes, W. C., Welbanks, L., Zhang, X., Zieba, S., University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Rustamkulov, Z. [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, D. K. [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, M. R. [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C. [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, J. M. [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M. [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, J. D. [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, K. B. [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, H. R. [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B. [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, D. K. [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, N. P. [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K. [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, N. K. [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J. [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, P. J. [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K. [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E. [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L. [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, N. H. [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A. [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, J. K. [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N. [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T. [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L. [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T. [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, A. D. [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J. [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R. [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, E. M.-R. [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J. [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L. [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M. [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, N. J. [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G. [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E. [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit dit de la Roche, D. J. M. [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S. [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J. [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P. [0000-0001-6172-3403], Zhang, X. [0000-0002-8706-6963], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Imperial College London, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Physics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Utah Valley University (UVU), Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University [New York], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Chicago], University of Chicago, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Lawrence Kansas], University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Earth and Planets Laboratory [Washington], Carnegie Institution for Science, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Trinity College Dublin, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Observatory Munich, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of Warwick [Coventry], Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Observatories [Carnegie Institution], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), University of Leicester, European Space Agency (Baltimore) Space Telescope Science Institute (ESA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), Princeton University, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [UCSC Santa Cruz], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Florida Space Institute [Orlando] (FSI), University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de recherches Arctiques Jean Malaurie (IRAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay, Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, Entomological Society of America, ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute, STScI, Heising-Simons Foundation, HSF, Canadian Space Agency, CSA, (JWST-ERS-01366, NAS 5-03127), Rustamkulov, Z [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, DK [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, MR [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, JM [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, JD [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, KB [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, HR [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, DK [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, NP [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, NK [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, PJ [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, NH [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, JK [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, AD [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, EM-R [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, NJ [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit Dit de la Roche, DJM [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P [0000-0001-6172-3403], and Zhang, X [0000-0002-8706-6963]

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 141, MCC, Multidisciplinary, Settore FIS/05, 134, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 639/33/445/862, article, FOS: Physical sciences, 639/33/445/824, DAS, 639/33/34/862, 5109 Space Sciences, 140, QC Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QC, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations' relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species$-$in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5-5.5 $\mu$m atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39 b, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec's PRISM mode as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19$\sigma$), H$_2$O (33$\sigma$), CO$_2$ (28$\sigma$), and CO (7$\sigma$). The non-detection of CH$_4$, combined with a strong CO$_2$ feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4$\mu$m is best explained by SO$_2$ (2.7$\sigma$), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST's sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes., Comment: 41 pages, 4 main figures, 10 extended data figures, 4 tables. Under review in Nature

Published
2023
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47. Bioactive Phytochemicals and Molecular Mechanisms of Artemisiae capillariae against Drug Induced Liver Injury based on Network Pharmacology

Author

Musen Lin, Junzi Huang, Wen Shan, Zhiping Yang, Yan Zhao, Yan Hu, Ran Yan, and Xi Wu

Subjects
Drug Discovery, Molecular Medicine, General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Artemisiae capillariae (Yinchen, YC) is a well-known herbal medicine used to treat drug-induced liver diseases, while the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacological targets of YC remain unclear. Objective: The study aimed to probe the key active components in YC and determine the potential molecular mechanisms of YC protect against DILI Method: In this study, we first delved into the active chemicals and targets of YC, identified potential anti-AILI targets for YC, mapped the components-targets network, performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analyses of the action targets. This led to figure out the liver protective mechanism of YC against AILI. Analyzing the molecular docking of key targets, binding domain of ingredients and targets reveals the effective interaction, and the binding energy explains the efficiency and stability of the interactions. Results: Network analysis identified 53 components in YC; by systematic screening 13 compounds were selected, which were associated with 123 AILI-related genes. The core ingredients were quercetin, capillarisin and Skrofulein, and the identified crucial genes were AKT1, TNF, and IL6. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results indicated that the anti-AILI targets of YC mainly take a part in the regulation of oxidative stress and immune, with related signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and IL17. Furthermore, the binding pockets of YC bioactive ingredients and key targets were revealed, and the binding ability was proved by molecular docking analysis. Conclusion: This study has revealed the potential bioactive molecules and mechanism of YC in AILI and provided a possible strategy for the identification of active phytochemicals against drug-induced liver injury.

Published
2023
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48. Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Author

Shuang-Xi Gu, Wei Ming, Sha Hu, Ye Liu, Qu-Ao-Wei Li, and Yuan-Yuan Zhu

Subjects
Organic Chemistry
Abstract

Abstract:: β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN), a key precursor in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in mammals, has significant effects in replenishing NAD+ levels in the body, so it has obvious ameliorative effects on metabolic and age-related degenerative diseases. β-NMN is widely used in healthcare products, food, and cosmetics. It has considerable commercial worth and promising medical application prospects. Hence, the development of methods for preparing β-NMN is of great research significance. This review summarized and analyzed recent developments in the chemical synthesis of β-NMN from various starting materials, which could provide helpful references for the investigation of new synthetic techniques for β-NMN and encourage its further development and large-scale application.

Published
2023
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