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Electric field energy harvesters (EFEHs) are reliable and sustainable power sources that may be used to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) in urban Internet of Things (IoT) networks, replacing traditional batteries. Despite the technology’s effectiveness, large-scale deployments raise severe environmental concerns about fabrication material degradation and recycling. In this context, this work analyzes the performance of the natural green leaves as a replacement for standard electrodes in EFEH developments. To this end, different $10\times 3$ cm2 EFEHs were assembled with raw leaves from the following species Magnolia Obovata, Ravenala Madagascariensis, Acanthus Mollis, and Agapanthus Africanus. Each harvester was evaluated at different drying steps, concluding that natural leaves may collect electrostatic charges related to the urban electric field, which might power ultra-low-energy devices. Experimental results reveal that Agapanthus Africanus electrodes perform best, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 111.88 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 229.09 nA. On the other hand, the VOC of Magnolia Obavata leaves achieved 76.76 V, and the ISC was 135.30 nA (the worst case). Although the performance for Ravenala Madagascariensis samples is less than Agapanthus Africanus ones, the size leaf is another critical parameter to design functional devices. Therefore, the experimental section also includes the conceptualization, design, and experimental testing of a functional EFEH prototype called Leaf-EFEH, which is assembled with Ravenala Madagascariensis leaves. Finally, numerous experiments have shown that the proposed Leaf-EFEH can power ultra-low-power devices.

Savvy social orders have an expanding interest for quality-arranged administrations and framework in an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) worldview. Savvy urbanization faces various difficulties. Among them, made sure about vitality Demand Side Management (DSM) is of specific concern. The IIoT renders the mechanical frameworks to malware, digital assaults, and other security chances. The IIoT with the mixture of Big Data investigation can give effective answers for such difficulties. This paper proposes a made sure about and trusted multi-layered DSM motor for a shrewd social society utilizing IIoT-based Big Data examination. The proposed motor uses an incorporated way to deal with accomplish ideal DSM over a Home Area Network (HAN). To upgrade the security of this motor, a payload-based confirmation conspire is used that depends on a lightweight handshake component. Our proposed strategy uses the lightweight highlights of Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) to encourage the customers in observing different assets dwelling over the worker in a vitality productive way. Likewise, information streams are handled utilizing Big Data examination with MapReduce equal preparing. The proposed confirmation approach is assessed utilizing NetDuino Plus 2 loads up that yield a lower association overhead, memory utilization, reaction time and a vigorous safeguard against different vindictive assaults.

Smart grid is an intelligent power distribution system that employs dual communication between the energy devices and the substation. Dual communication helps to overseer the internet access points, energy meters, and power demand of the entire grid. Deployment of advanced communication and control technologies makes smart grid system efficient for energy availability and low-cost maintenance. Appropriate algorithms are analyzed first for the convenient grid to have proper routing and security with a high-level of power transmission and distribution. Information and Communication Technology plays a significant role in monitoring, demand response, and control of the energy distribution. This paper presents a broad review of communication and network technologies with regard to Internet of Things, Machine to Machine Communication, and Cognitive radio terminologies which comprises 5G technology. Networks suitable for future smart-grid are compared with respect to standard protocols, data rate, throughput, delay, security, and routing. Approaches adopted for the smart-grid system has been commended based on the performance and the parameters observed. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

The 5G technology has raised new security issues in the new communication paradigm as there are more devices in the network. Internet-of-Things devices, including smart home devices, will be allowed to connect, communicate, and share data faster than ever. In the context of a Home Area Network (HAN) where smart home appliances are monitored and controlled in real-time, the explosive growth of networked devices poses an elevated security threat to data provenance. This paper focuses on data provenance issues in a HAN within a smart metering infrastructure. We propose a comprehensive yet efficient solution to guarantee that the reported energy usage is collected from the real appliance as claimed, at the designated location, and that it reflects the real consumption by the appliance.

The Internet of Things is rapidly becoming reality. Currently, a variety of technologies co-exist in large-scale deployments yet pervasive connectivity between things is still an open issue. Several IP capable protocol stacks are emerging to address these issues; however, no systematic evaluations regarding integration and scalability exists in the literature. This work looks to analyze the performance of one of the latest protocol stacks focusing on home area networks: the Thread stack.

In this paper we present an approach to transform Home Area Network (HAN) model, described in SDL (Specification and Description Language), into DTPromela (Discrete-Time Promela) model. The aim is to prepare the DTPromela model in order to verify and validate our system and to check some of its properties, using the model checking techniques with Discrete-Time SPIN. Firstly, we translate manually the SDL model into an intermediate format IF. Then we use the if2pml tool to get the DTPromela model. This work presents the main steps of this translation, and focuses especially on the SDL constructs which cannot be represented trivially in DTPromela.

Among the principals for securing smart grid infrastructure, accountability is one with lesser addressed concepts in smart grid literature. Even further, studies in the home area network are lacking in enforcement of accountable mechanisms as assigning responsibilities for devices’ actions are generally made the responsibility of the utility. This paper addresses accountability of devices in the home area network by providing a witness-based method for more accurate monitoring and estimation of the energy usage for devices whose power consumption varies while these devices are powered on. Algorithm analysis and simulation results show that the method is effective, and the method is well within the acceptable rate of error based on today's standards of estimation without need of previous knowledge of device profiles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper proposes a redundancy optimization method for smart grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to realize economy and reliability targets. AMI is a crucial part of the smart grid to measure, collect, and analyze data about energy usage and power quality from customer premises. From the communication perspective, the AMI consists of smart meters, Home Area Network (HAN) gateways and data concentrators; in particular, the redundancy optimization problem focus on deciding which data concentrator needs redundancy. In order to solve the problem, we first develop a quantitative analysis model for the network economic loss caused by the data concentrator failures. Then, we establish a complete redundancy optimization model, which comprehensively consider the factors of reliability and economy. Finally, an advanced redundancy deployment method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the proposed problem. The simulation results testify that the proposed redundancy optimization method is capable to build a reliable and economic smart grid communication network.

Four Wireless-Sensors-Network channels were transmitted over 50m GI-POF and 12m wireless together with a WLAN signal, 9 64-QAM LTE-A bands with reduced PAPR, and 1.66Gb/s 4-PAM baseband signal for multi-standard wired-wireless smart-home and in-home networks.

Большев Вадим Евгеньевич, научный сотрудник, ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ», г. Москва; vadim57ru@gmail.com. Виноградов Александр Владимирович, канд. техн. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ», г. Москва; winaleksandr@rambler.ru. V.E. Bolshev, vadim57ru@gmail.com, A.V. Vinogradov, winaleksandr@rambler.ru Federal Scientific Agroengineering Centre VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation Обзор литературных источников показал, что тема инфраструктуры интеллектуальных счётчиков хорошо изучена и упоминается во множестве исследований за рубежом, в то время как в российской науке работ, полностью освещающих данную технологию, крайне мало. Поэтому данная статья представляет собой обзор зарубежных источников, посвященных данной теме. Инфраструктура интеллектуальных счётчиков является основой интеллектуальных сетей и представляет собой сочетание различных технологий, осуществляющих коммуникацию и управление в системах электроснабжения. Преимуществом этих технологий в сравнении с другими системами является наличие двунаправленной связи между потребителем и поставщиком электроэнергии, что позволяет участникам энергетического рынка оперативно взаимодействовать друг с другом и реагировать на изменения в системе. Данная статья описывает структуру инфраструктуры интеллектуальных счётчиков, её особенности и вопросы интеграции в систему электроснабжения. В статье предоставлена информация по основным компонентам данной системы. Даны описание, работа и возможности использования интеллектуальных счётчиков, а также их устройства. В статье имеется информация, посвященная описанию структуры центра обработки данных, архитектуры сетей связи и технологий, используемых для передачи информации между компонентами данной системы. Также в статье приведены основные протоколы и стандарты, используемые в инфраструктуре интеллектуальных счётчиков. Описанные в статье технологии использования интеллектуального измерения в сетях электроснабжения могут быть применены для сетей газоснабжения и сетей водоснабжения. The review of existing publications shows that the topic of advanced metering infrastructure has been studied extensively and is mentioned in a variety of foreign studies. However, no Russian publications on the technology have been found. Therefore, the article presents an overview of foreign sources on the subject. Advanced metering infrastructure, being a combination of various power supply systems communication and control technologies, serves as the basis of intelligent networks. Compared to other systems, the advantage of this technology is the bidirectional consumer – electricity supplier communication. The article describes the structure of smart meter infrastructure, its features and issues connected with its integration into power supply systems. The article describes the main components of this system, its performance, and the possibilities of using smart meters as well as their structure. The article presents the information on the data center structure, communication network architecture, and technologies used to transfer data between the system components. The article also describes the main protocols and standards of the Advanced metering infrastructure. The technologies described in the article cover the implementation of this system in the power supply network, however, they can be used for gas and water systems as well.

This paper presents a solar water heating system with novel safety and energy management functions that protect both the solar installation and users health. The planned system schedules safeguarding operations and improves the efficiency of the heat transfer mechanism. The system prevents Legionella pneumophila bacteria colonies outbreaks and promotes energy management by using an extensive set of data, retrieved from strategically located probes that properly feed the implemented control algorithms. The methodology and the reported technical solutions in this research could be, in the future, used as an integrated part of the smart grid home area network being nowadays, in its simplest form, a practical guide to promote mass market usage of the solar water heating systems in Portugal.

There are emerging opportunities for distributed, composite services, based on the combination of smart homes, networked consumer devices, third-party services, and social, geographical or commercial collaborations. However, current home automation technology tends to focus on the single-home solution, rather than enabling home users to securely share and easily manage the resources and services of their home area network. This article describes a new federated home architecture that addresses these needs, reports on prototyping to date, and provides an overview of several important technologies for the next generation of federated homes. Our vision is to support a future of user-centric device and service sharing from home to home across the Internet, in a way that does not rely on centralized authority but supports a web of secure, peer-wise trusted relationships between consumers.

Securing the network communication for the smart grid, it is important that a secure key distribution and management scheme is needed. Advanced metering Infrastructure (AMI) is considered as integral part of the smart grid that collects and analyzes the information of energy consumption using the communication network. In order to achieve data confidentiality, privacy, and authentication in AMI, various crypto algorithms are used, such as demand key distribution and management schemes. Investigation on properly designed key distribution and management scheme for securely gathering both individual and aggregated meter’s readings is one of the critical requirements. In this paper, we propose a secure key distribution for Home Area Network (HAN) in smart grid. In this paper, we propose a new key distribution and management scheme, which uses identification scheme of Wu – Hsu and tailored to smart grid. We also give the scheme for key update/freshness and key revocation. Specifically, a group ID based mechanism is proposed to establish the keys for a large amount of users with small overload.

International audience; Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) serve as a key enabling technology for various smart initiatives, such as Smart Power Grids, by virtue of providing a self-organized wireless communication superhighway that is capable of monitoring the health and performance of system assets as well as enabling efficient trouble shooting notifications. Despite this promise, the current routing protocols in WMNs are fairly limited, particularly in the context of smart initiatives. Additionally, managing and upgrading these protocols is a difficult and error-prone task since the configuration must be enforced individually at each router. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) shows promise in this regard since it enables creating a customizable and programmable network data plane. However, SDN research to date has focused predominantly on wired networks, e.g., in cloud computing, but seldom on wireless communications and specifically WMNs. This paper addresses the limitations in SDN for WMNs by allowing the refactoring of the wireless protocol stack so as to provide modular and flexible routing decisions as well as fine-grained flow control. To that end, we describe an intelligent network architecture comprising a three-stage routing approach suitable for WMNs in uses cases, such as Smart Grids, that provides an efficient and affordable coverage as well as scalable high bandwidth capacity. Experimental results evaluating our approach for various QoS metrics like latency and bandwidth utilization show that our solution is suitable for the requirements of mission-critical WMNs.

Home Area Network (HAN) forms an integral part of the Smart Grid technology providing a smarter Solution to the energy crisis. This article proposes a remote interface controller for Smart Homes as a part of Home Automation and Demand Side Management. The intelligent controller submits the user with the individual energy consumption profiles of the appliances at his home on an android mobile application providing the user with dual appliance control (on/off) options: manual or automatic. The former requires manual control of the appliances while the latter lets the controller make the decision based on dynamic tariff rates using Fuzzy Logic. This system being user friendly can be adopted for the Smart Grid and Smarter homes.

Strengthening of Smart Grid functionalities has become the need of the 21st Century. Security evolves to be the primary concern at the deployment level of Smart Grids. Cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in Smart grid Network needs to be addressed before the deployment of the Smart Grid. Our proposed intrusion detection scheme identifies anomalies in the Smart Grid traffic and detects attacks like flooding which causes Denial of Service in Smart Grid Networks. This paper applies k-Means algorithm for clustering of traffic data and outlier detection for the data transmitted between utility Centre and the Smart Homes. Performance of the algorithm has been compared with other clustering algorithms and the results were found to have higher percentage in anomaly detection.

Residential thermostats control a substantial portion of both fuel and electrical energy—9% of the total energy consumption in the U.S. Consumers install programmable thermostats to save energy, yet numerous recent studies found that homes with programmable thermostats can use more energy than those controlled manually depending on how—or if—they are used. At the same time, thermostats are undergoing a dramatic increase in capability and features, including control of ventilation, responding to electricity price signals, and interacting with a home area network. These issues warrant a review of the current state of thermostats, evaluating their effectiveness in providing thermal comfort and energy savings, and identifying areas for further improvement or research. This review covers the evolution in technologies of residential thermostats; we found few standards and many features. We discuss studies of how people currently use thermostats, finding that nearly half do not use the programming features. The review covers the complications associated with using a thermostat. Finally, we suggest research needed to design—and especially test with users—thermostats that can provide more comfortable and economical indoor environments.

Electricity transmission and distribution in most of the countries are needed to be improved by the construction of new networks. These improvements are not that much cost effective and if cost is tried to be reduced then the quality and efficiency of the system is compromised which is not suitable at all for the current system. In addition obtaining planning permission and carrying out construction is so much difficult in busy cities. The main objective of this research is to monitor and control frequency deviation. A simple MATLAB controlling and monitoring system is being developed and the ARDUINO DAQ card is used to calculate the frequency deviation. The purpose of respective research is basically based on a dummy load which is used to show the usage of particular equipment’s used in a home such as fridge, freezer ,oven , lighting system, and domestic wet appliances such as washer dryer which are attached these to a DAQ and then to a controlling and monitoring GUI MATLAB based. However, this research is focused on the monitoring and controlling of the frequency deviation.

High-speed power line communication (PLC) is useful technology to easily build the communication networks, because construction of new infrastructure is not necessary. In Europe and America, PLC has been used for broadband networks since the beginning of 21th century. In Japan, high-speed PLC was deregulated only indoor usage in 2006. Afterward it has been widely used for home area network, LAN in hotels and school buildings and so on. And recently, PLC is greatly concerned as communication technology for smart grid network. In this paper, the author surveys the high-speed PLC technology and its current status.

This paper describes the current home networking technologies, some background to their origins, a brief review of how they work and what benefits they bring to the home. Each review concludes with the advantages and disadvantages of the particular networking technology. The role of residential gateways is described, along with example architectures. Finally, some of the Internet-aware devices which are available today are discussed.

In the smart grid infrastructure based power systems, it is necessary to consider the demand side management to enhance the energy reduction and system control. In many countries the resources are very less so the available resources have to be used in an efficient manner without any loss. The total loss cannot be avoided but it can be reduced. In the proposed system, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to distribute the power in the smart grid. Here, the grids are arranged in such a way that the losses in it are reduced. The load connected to the grid is rearranged according to their use. It uses a new and stochastic scheduling technique to handle the uncertainties in the power system. Solar and wind power are taken in account for twenty four hours and the values are given to the PSO algorithm. The experiment was conducted by MATLAB and the results show that the efficiency level of wind and solar power systems was increased by an appreciable level. The proposed technique is compared with the normal system without using Demand Side Management (DSM) and it shows that the proposed system gives better results than the existing systems.

This article introduces the concept of the ATM Warren. The Warren is an arbitrary mesh subnetwork of very simple ATM switches and end stations connected to the wide-area B-ISDN at one or more points. The Warren differs from other ATM networks in that both switches and end stations are designed to be implemented entirely in hardware with all control software banished to external computers.

Electronic equipment for detecting or compensating power quality disturbances in domestic appliances need fast and reliable voltage sag or swell detection algorithms. There are commonly used methods to detect voltage events, but the most popular is the measurement of the RMS value of voltage. Even this method has well-known associate drawbacks, a step forward in this way is presented in this paper: a fast, low cost and high efficiency RMS meter that uses a minimum algorithm for calculating the voltage RMS value in a single phase supply line that can be embedded in a home area network device. The proposed system has been designed, implemented and tested and experimental results are shown to illustrate its functionality.

In a home environment, a Smart Grid Home Area Network (SG-HAN) platform facilitates collection and delivery of power consumption information for load profiling and informed decisions on energy management. However, one of the main challenges in HAN is the overcrowded unlicensed 2.4-GHz ISM frequency band, occupied by several types of radio technologies such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and WiFi. It is crucial that those technologies coexist peacefully to allow each user of the radio technology to fulfill their communication goals. In this paper, we present a potential coexistence scenario in SG-HAN for homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless technologies. The coexistence impact on SG-HAN performance is then modeled and analyzed. The numerical results show significant performance degradation due to the interference for devices in close proximity with the interfering sources in a spectrum sharing environment where in the worst case scenario, SG-HAN communication is almost impossible.

This paper presents GRiNGA, a middleware based on service-oriented grids to support the development of interactive TV applications. The nodes of GRiNGA are typically personal devices of a Home Area Network (HAN), such as notebooks and mobile phones, which can be accessed by a settop box with Ginga middleware, the standard component of the Brazilian Digital Television System (SBTVD). GRiNGA (Grid + Ginga) takes advantages of idle resources from HAN devices, in order to improve the execution of more demanding interactive applications.

The electricity industry is entering a new era, which adds powerful and innovative features to the current power grid. Home area networks (HAN) are integral in the operation of this cyber-physical infrastructure and has generally been considered one of the most insecure and vulnerable areas of the smart grid. Literature in the area is lacking and accountability in the HAN is seldom discussed. In this paper, accountability in the HAN is studied. We propose a method, which provides for grouping and inspection of the devices in a HAN in order to pinpoint malicious devices efficiently therein. With this, a higher level of fine-grained accountability can be achieved in the smart grid HAN. The experimental results show that the method is effective in its efficiency and scheme.

The machine to machine communication in Home Area Network (HAN) having a great impact on building a powerful smart grid. With recent advances in M2M technologies, SG smart meters are not only collecting the information about the energy consumed, but also detailed energy consumption pattern and also used for analyzing future demand of utilities. Information and communication technology is playing very important role in transforming Power grids to Smart grid. However, there are many challenges in the design of the Smart grid communications network whereby the electrical appliances and smart meters are able to exchange information pertaining to varying power requirements. Furthermore, different types of M2M gateways are required at different points of the SG communication network. This article surveys a number of existing communication technologies that can be adopted for M2M communication in HAN for SG and also explained the various challenges that the M2M communication in HAN for Smart Grid is facing. Furthermore, a possible solution to deal with these challenges and to improve Machine to machine communication in HAN for Smart Grid is also presented.

60GHz radio coverage is extended using low-cost multipoint-to-multipoint RoF architectures based on optical or electrical splitter. These infrastructures are compared in terms of EVM and real-time signals transmissions between commercial devices working at 3Gbit/s. Finally, improvements based on innovative SiGe photoreceptors are proposed.

The paper deals with Smart Grids. After slight introduction, the Home Area Network is described. The paper focuses on the device called Home Coordinator. The Home Coordinator controls all home appliances in the home with respect to reach their maximum efficiency and cost saving. A basic approach and algorithm to schedule home appliances is presented.

Advances in Home Area Network (HAN) technologies have afforded end users increased convenience in performing everyday activities. However, even seemingly trivial issues can cause great annoyance for the novice user who lacks domain expertise of often complex HANs that underpin these advances. A key challenge lies in assisting novice users in understanding and monitoring of the obscure and complex HAN. This research proposes a framework to leverage domain expert knowledge to enable real time semantic up-lift in supporting novice end-users to understand and monitor the home area network. This presents a significant opportunity to increase user satisfaction and reduce associated support costs. This semantic approach has been designed and implemented in an early prototype of our Home Area Network Monitoring System (HANMS). This paper presents a detailed description of the current state of the research, an initial evaluation, and future work.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses what consumers, technology vendors, and utility companies should expect to see in the near future. In addition, this chapter discusses what security professionals are predicting for the smart grid and how to stay current with the movement to secure the smart grid. Consumers are promised that the smart grid will bring many improvements to their daily lives. Smaller electric bills less frequent and shorter power outages, and more immediate access to energy usage information is just some of the promises made to consumers. To fulfill these promises, several new technologies are invading consumers' homes and businesses including smart devices, smart meters, home area network, electric vehicles, and personal power plants. In addition, utility companies have also promised that the smart grid will bring many improvements to their operations. New technology will help utility companies reduce energy waste, perform more accurate billing, increase the stability of the electric grid, and reduce operating costs.

Smart Energy Home Area Networks (SE-HAN) enable two-way communication between utility companies and HAN devices. Due to multifaceted nature of SE-HAN, securely managing SE-HAN is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a device authentication mechanism for smart energy home area network. The proposed mechanism is more robust and secure than the existing one.

With the advance of home networking technologies, people now enjoy increased communications convenience whilst occasionally suffering annoyance from trivial issues. The automated application of appropriate expertise can support ordinary users in managing and diagnosing their own network, despite being unfamiliar with the basic technologies. This presents a significant opportunity to increase user satisfaction and reduce support costs. As a part of my PhD research, this paper proposes an expert knowledge derived approach to manage, diagnose and resolve network problems in real time through a user-friendly visual interface derived from semantically annotated heterogeneous raw network monitoring data. This approach has been implemented in an early prototype - Home Area Network Monitoring System (HANMS). A detailed description of the current stage of this research and future work is addressed in this paper.

Smart Grid (SG) technology aims at bringing the world's aging electric grids into the twenty first century. To this end, the current power grids require to be overlayed with a robust communications system. Home Area Network (HAN) is an important part of the SG communications framework through which the end-users are able to communicate with the electricity provider. In a HAN, there is typically a smart-meter and a number of electric appliances. Most of the proposals to-date have agreed upon using IEEE 802.15.4 wireless technology dubbed as ZigBee for the HAN communications amongst the smart meter and the various electric appliances. Although ZigBee provides few security features, the technology still suffers from a number of security vulnerabilities, particularly in case of SG HAN. In this paper, we describe a HANIdentifier (HANId) conflict attack against ZigBee for HAN communications and demonstrate the impact of the attack on SG communications through computer simulations. Finally, we also envision an appropriate framework to prevent the attack.

PG&E has a major DR initiative to deliver over 1000 MW of DR capacity. PG&E's DR capacity is expected to grow as PG&E deploys its Smart Meter technology, which will open DR to all customer classes. PG&E has been actively engaged in the development of standards for Home Area Network (HAN), which can further increase DR capacity.

As the Home Area Network (HAN) evolves, there is an increase in both the number and diversity of device deployment. This includes embedded devices whose resource constraints do not permit the efficient performance of high level middleware functionality. We herein present the functionality and knowledge representations required to enable such “simpleware” devices to be dynamically represented by proxy within our Nexus middleware framework. We also present a use case to illustrate the proposed solution.

Home NodeB is a technology defined by 3GPP organization to realize a home area network. In the traditional structure of Home NodeB technology, one Home NodeB just has one single gateway to transmit each session, and hasn’t taken the transmission quality into account. By improving the traditional structure of Home NodeB, this article proposes a new structure based on policy. This structure adds a new device which is created based on traditional policy server. Before each transmission from Home NodeB to gateway, Home NodeB needs send request to the policy server firstly, according to which Home NodeB can finish self-management and self-configuration ability. Thus ensure the whole network runs in a steady and affluent environment. Policy arithmetic is the key that applying policy server. This passage use arithmetic of Load Balancing as policy arithmetic’s leader. Combining Load Balancing into the policy based Home NodeB structure, policy arithmetic can have a steady running environment.

Advances in Information and Communication Technologies, ICT, are bringing new opportunities in the field of interoperable and standard-based systems oriented to ubiquitous environments and wearable devices used for digital homecare patient telemonitoring. It is hoped that these advances are able to increase the quality and the efficiency of the care services provided. Likewise they should facilitate a home monitoring of chronic, elderly, under palliative care or have undergone surgery, leaving beds in the Hospital for patients in a more critical condition. In any case telemonitored patients could continue to live in their own homes with the subsequent advantages as more favorable environment, less need for trips to the hospital, etc.