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A large body of evidence highlights the importance of psycho-behavioural skills as a key feature of talent development in sport. The purpose of this study was to explore pedagogic intentions of coaches in the psychological development of athletes. Eleven coaches were purposefully sampled for interview based on a track record of expert practice. Using reflexive thematic analysis, three overarching themes were generated as representing the coaches’ work: knowing and shaping the athlete’s needs, purposeful breadth and flexibility of teaching approaches, using challenge to test skill development, and the necessity of review and refinement. Reflecting these data, we suggest the need for an increased appreciation of the role of the sports coach beyond the technical and tactical, with the recommendation that coaches build their knowledge and skillset across a breadth of domains to support the psychological development of athletes more effectively.

Introduction:Human leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide and is mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a prevalence of 12 million cases and an approximately incidence of 0.5 million cases of VL and 1.5 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Leishmania parasites are vector-born protozoan pathogens found in tropical and subtropical regions of both the old and new world. The disease in human can be divided into cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal syndromes. The aim of this study was more experiments over our previous new formulation leishmania major vaccine which had satisfactory experiments results. Method:For detail procedure refers to author’s previous publications. Briefly, hundred and twenty Balb/cmice were randomly divided into four groups as LT, LB, LBT and control groups. LT, LB and LBT injected subcutaneously with the antigen and the same booster doses with two weeks intervals. The expansion rates of the spleen white pulp size was evaluated using a light microscope and the levels of the serum Th1 (IFN- γ, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines measured with the ELISA method. Results:Comparing to the LT and LB groups, the LBT group had highest levels of serum IL12, lowest levels of IL10 and highest increase in the spleen white pulp size. Significant correlation was observed between IL12 and IL10 but not IFN gamma or IL4. Conclusion:present study indicated that the LBT group which received crude cocktail leishmania antigen plus alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium and BCG as adjuvant showed satisfactory cytokines profile comparing to groups LT and LB,since highest levels of IL12 and lower levels of IL10 which could help the infected subjects to inhibit or eradication the intracellular leishmania amastigotes, and also was seen highest increase in the spleen white-pulp size which pointed to the synergistic effects of alcoholic extract ofT. poliumand BCG.

PurposeThe human service triad (i.e. the relationship between the customer, frontline employee (FLE) and managerial employee) experiences a range of well-being challenges when faced with the introduction of service robots. Despite growth in service robot scholarship, understanding of the well-being challenges affecting the human service triad remains fragmented. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to synthesise the literature and offer a research agenda aligned with the proposed Robotic-Human Service Trilemma. By taking a job performance approach (which considers the actions, behaviours and outcomes linked to organisational goals), the Robotic-Human Service Trilemma conceptualises three well-being challenges (intrusion, sideline and interchange). These challenges are realised via the realistic capabilities and constraints of service robot implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis research relies on a systematic review of all disciplines concerning service robots. In total, 82 articles were analysed using thematic coding and led to the development of the Robotic-Human Service Trilemma and research agenda.FindingsThe analyses reveal the Robotic-Human Service Trilemma consists of three challenges: intrusion, sideline and indifference. The findings demonstrate that FLEs are required to counterbalance the constraints of service robots, leading to an uneven well-being burden within the human service triad. This paper suggests a research agenda for investigation of the challenges that underpin the Robotic-Human Service Trilemma.Originality/valueThrough the conceptualisation of the Robotic-Human Service Trilemma, this study is the first to explore how states of well-being equilibrium exist within the human service triad and how these states are challenged by service robots. The authors present a balanced centricity perspective to well-being that contrasts previous trade-off approaches and that enhances the body of service robot literature with a well-being lens.

Description: Predicting the presence of humor in football press conference recordings. Available modalities: audio and video, transcriptions. The dataset offers a cross-cultural setting: all press conferences in the training and development partition are held in German, all videos in the test partition are taken from English Premier League press conferences. Important: This package only contains the video recordings, please find labels, audio files, transcripts and features here: https://zenodo.org/record/7843401 Labels: windows of 2 seconds are given a binary label, indicating presence and absence of humor. At least 7 human annotators labelled each video. Dataset: MuSe-Humor is based on the Passau-Spontaneous Football Coach Humor (Passau-SFCH) dataset (paper). It includes press conference recordings of 10 different German Bundesliga football coaches collected in 2017. Moreover, for the MuSe 2023 challenge, recordings of 6 Premier League coaches have been added. The data provided here only includes segments in which the respective coach is speaking. The training data set contains recordings of 7 German-speaking coaches, development data consists of videos of 3 German-speaking coaches; and the test data set comprises recordings of 6 English-speaking coaches (one native speaker). General: The 4th Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Challenge and Workshop (MuSe) 2023 adresses research questions that are of interest to affective computing, machine learning and multimodal signal processing communities and encourages a fusion of their disciplines. The goal of the MuSe workshop and challenge is to gain new insights into the merits of each of the core modalities and to serve as a stimulating environment for the development and evaluation of multimodal affect recognition approaches.

The study sought to identify the challenges faced by modular distance learning and the coping mechanisms. This was conducted on August 2022. Findings show that challenges include planning and preparing the modules, teaching the courses, collection of information on student performance, examined and assessed students' outputs, and provided feedback to students. Teachers overcame the challenges posed by the modality through time management, inventive teaching methods, adjusting to the new normal trend in education, flexibility, providing backup plans, optimism, and patience, and arming oneself with the necessary skills. Additionally, respondents declared that they were prepared to do the tasks related to teaching and learning processes. Teachers had access to the professional development webinars and training they needed. Learners were unable to focus on their studies because of the absence of face-to-face instruction. To help their children adjust to the new teaching modality, parents and guardians can only support them through encouraging them. However, several of them felt confined because in the modular learning modality, they lack the ability to facilitate and explain the lesson. The financial status and educational background of the parents had a big impact on how successfully their kids learned remotely and adjusted to modular learning. Additionally, to maintain the widespread printing of self-learning modules, the schools received sufficient financial support and material resources, and they made effective use of them.

IntroductionExtensive research has been carried out on Talent Development (TD) environments and an increasing amount of work shows the development of psychological characteristics as an important formal part of the academy experience. Importantly, however, very little attention has been paid to what types of skills, if any, young players arrive with. In other words, there seems to be an assumption that young athletes arrive at the academy as a blank canvas.MethodsAs such, to investigate whether players' arrive with these psychological characteristics, we looked across a sample of young footballers' and rugby players' personal experiences (such as, family input, sporting background or personal challenges) prior joining the academy. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed via thematic analysis.ResultsOur findings suggested that young athletes acquired an aptitude from general experiences, whereby they had already started to develop and deploy specific skills (such as, reflective practice, mental skills or seeking social support) to navigate particular challenges, prior to arriving at the academy.ConclusionImplications include the need for coaches and psychologists to assess young athletes' skillsets and pre-academy experiences upon arrival and use this as a starting point for developing tailored and individualised pathways that would enable them maximise their potential.

Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology, as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.

This paper focuses on different aspects of the attractiveness of European systems and institutions for students, academics, the labour market and the economy, drawing attention to the tensions that arise between different stakeholders in universities. Not only do universities need to be attractive to increasingly differentiated student groups, but they also need to be attractive workplaces and provide attractive career opportunities for academic staff. Both public and private institutions today are under multifaceted pressures for change. At a time of inevitable reform of the current welfare state systems in most parts of Europe, attractive systems will be able to balance the negative financial impact of the gradual restructuring of the most generous types of welfare state regimes in Europe on public funding of higher education. The possible redefinition of higher education from a public good to a private good is a trend that may further undermine the idea of heavily publicly subsidized higher education as the economic rationale for higher education changes. The expected changes may fundamentally alter the relationship between stakeholders in higher education, with the role of the state (especially in funding) diminishing and the role of students and the labour market increasing. The expected changes related to differentiation may change the academic profession as a whole and have a strong impact on the traditional relationship between teaching and research in European universitie

This paper focuses on different aspects of the attractiveness of European systems and institutions for students, academics, the labour market and the economy, drawing attention to the tensions that arise between different stakeholders in universities. Not only do universities need to be attractive to increasingly differentiated student groups, but they also need to be attractive workplaces and provide attractive career opportunities for academic staff. Both public and private institutions today are under multifaceted pressures for change. At a time of inevitable reform of the current welfare state systems in most parts of Europe, attractive systems will be able to balance the negative financial impact of the gradual restructuring of the most generous types of welfare state regimes in Europe on public funding of higher education. The possible redefinition of higher education from a public good to a private good is a trend that may further undermine the idea of heavily publicly subsidized higher education as the economic rationale for higher education changes. The expected changes may fundamentally alter the relationship between stakeholders in higher education, with the role of the state (especially in funding) diminishing and the role of students and the labour market increasing. The expected changes related to differentiation may change the academic profession as a whole and have a strong impact on the traditional relationship between teaching and research in European universitie

По результатам систематизации и анализа современных исследований теории и практики стратегического управления технологическим развитием предприятий определены направления приращения ее концептуальных положений в части категориального аппарата для более точно понимания основной категории «технологический процесс», структуры технологического процесса и классификации типов технологических процессов предприятия. Сделаны выводы о необходимости постоянного совершенствования теории стратегического управления технологическими процессами как основы разработки и реализации соответствующих функциональных стратегий предприятий. В соответствии с целью исследования проведен сравнительный анализ ряда современных подходов к уточнению классификационных признаков технологических процессов, значимых для принятия обоснованных стратегических решений по выбору приоритетных технологий, а также для выбора методов стратегического управления технологическим развитием предприятия с учетом отраслевой специфики., Based on the results of systematization and analysis of modern research on the theory and practice of strategic management of technological development of enterprises, the article determines the directions for incrementing its conceptual provisions in terms of categorical apparatus for a more accurate understanding of the main category "technological process", the structure of technological process and the classification of types of technological processes of enterprise. It highlights the need for continuous improvement of the theory of strategic management of technological processes as the basis for the development and implementation of appropriate functional strategies for enterprises. Following the goals of the study, it comparatively analyzes a number of modern approaches to clarifying the classification features of technological processes that are significant for making informed strategic decisions on the choice of priority technologies, as well as for choosing methods of strategic management of the technological development of an enterprise, taking into account industry specifics.

This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3,053 studies of which 2,948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results., peer-reviewed

The article describes some challenges that second language learners face during language acquisition period. Listening is the language aspect to provide effective communication that means being able to receive the information given by the speaker. In order to improve this aspect, exact problems related to listening should be identified beforehand.

Optimal immunogenicity from nucleic acid vaccines requires a balance of antigen expression that effectively engages the host immune system without generating a cellular response that rapidly destroys cells producing the antigen and thereby limiting vaccine antigen expression. We investigated the role of the cellular response on the expression and antigenicity of DNA vaccines using a plasmid DNA construct expressing luciferase. Repeated intramuscular administration led to diminished luciferase expression, suggesting a role for immune-mediated clearance of expression. To investigate the role of cell trafficking, we used the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, FTY720 (Fingolimod), which traps lymphocytes within the lymphoid tissues. When lymphocyte trafficking was blocked with FTY720, DNA transgene expression was maintained at a constant level for a significantly extended time period. Both continuous and staggered administration of FTY720 prolonged transgene expression. However, blocking lymphocyte egress during primary transgene administration did not result in an increase of transgene expression during secondary administration. Interestingly, there was a disconnect between transgene expression and immunogenicity, as increasing expression by this approach did not enhance the overall immune response. Furthermore, when FTY720 was administered alongside a DNA vaccine expressing the HIV gp140 envelope antigen, there was a significant reduction in both antigen-specific antibody and T-cell responses. This indicates that the developing antigen-specific cellular response clears DNA vaccine expression but requires access to the site of expression in order to develop an effective immune response.

The problem of this study is how to make a link between four studies, which reflect how they integrated to make one pound study, or how they are aligned together in order to explain and interept the chanalenges facing the sudan economy. So study is aggregation to four studies by using meta-analysis method which is suitable for intergrating studies with the aim of elaborating main stream focusing in how the different studies under consideration reaching same results with different methods. Hence here the study seeks for increasing the power of testing the main question of the study which is the challenge that faced the Sudan economy particularly the structural distortion of economic variables. The study gathered the results of the four mentioned studies which are almost concerned with the exchange rate. The results confirmed the structural problem which faced the Sudan economy, while meta-analysis results assured and empowered the hypothesis of the study in terms of significant effect size. Moreover, the results consolidated the similarity of the studies in manipulating the problem of this study. In addition to that the heterogeneity stems from differences in the effect size of each study rather than differences in the sample sizes of the studies. Finally the study of exchange rate volatility has greater effect size, next to the study of estimating the error correction of exchange rate model while the studies of appropriate estimator of exchange rate and profitability of commercial banks have slight and insignificant effect size. Finally the different results assure the convenientability of meta analysis in reflecting the chellenges that faced the Sudanese economy and their ramifications, then accordingly the suggested remedies which may help in tackling the matter.

INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive tobacco control policies are lacking in Indonesia where smoking prevalence in males is among the highest in the world. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, opportunities and challenges to tobacco control among local stakeholders. METHODS: This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Four study areas included Bengkulu Province, Bengkulu City, Seluma District, and Kaur District. Eighteen participants interviewed were from policymakers, legislators, and civil societies during November-December 2020. Thematic data analysis was used. RESULTS: While knowledge and support of the existing Smoke Free Policy (SFP) were high, that of other policies such as outdoor tobacco advertising (OTA) ban and tobacco product display ban were low. Among others, one opportunity was there is already SFP regulation in each study area, to which such bans can be added. Among others, three major challenges were: (a) lack of enforcement of the existing SFP, (b) lack of national regulation to ban OTA and product display, and (c) counter actions by the tobacco industry. CONCLUSION: The opportunities and challenges identified could be lessons learnt for more comprehensive tobacco control especially by local governments in Indonesia and other countries with similar settings.

Ensuring the security of business is the object of study of various fields of knowledge. The article highlights different approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurship, covered in the scientific and educational literature of legal and economic direction, legislation of Ukraine to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus and develop proposals to improve legal business security regulation. Significant differences in the definition of the same concept give rise to conflicts in its application in practice, which slows down the regulation of social relations, which are formed as a result of security in business, which in turn increases the level of danger in this area. Our own definitions of the definitions of "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurial activity are proposed. In the interconnection of these concepts, we recognize a threat that exists objectively in the environment, regardless of behavior of a business entity, as a basic category, but in the case of the latter's risk, it increases the level of its danger. The terms "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurial activity are not defined at the legislative level. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a legal act Strategy for Business Security, which will define the deadlines and help improve legal regulation in the economic sector and the effective organization of business security in practice

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) represents a promising platform for nucleic acid delivery of vaccine immunogens. Unlike plasmid DNA, saRNA does not require entry into the nucleus of target cells for expression, having the capacity to drive higher protein expression compared to mRNA as it replicates within the cytoplasm. In this study, we examined the potential of stabilized native-like HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers to elicit immune responses when delivered by saRNA polyplexes (PLXs), assembled with linear polyethylenimine. We showed that Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) saRNA induces a stronger humoral immune response to the encoded transgene compared to Semliki Forest virus saRNA. Moreover, we characterized the immunogenicity of the soluble and membrane-bound ConSOSL.UFO Env design in mice and showed a faster humoral kinetic and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a skew using a membrane-bound design. The immune response generated by PLX VEEV saRNA encoding the membrane-bound Env was then evaluated in larger animal models including macaques, in which low doses induced high IgG responses. Our data demonstrated that the VEEV saRNA PLX nanoparticle formulation represents a suitable platform for the delivery of stabilized HIV-1 Env and has the potential to be used in a variety of vaccine regimens., Graphical abstract, Aldon, McKay, and colleagues evaluated the potential of formulated VEEV and SFV self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) for the delivery of HIV-1 Env stabilized trimers. The authors demonstrate great potential for PEI-polyplex formulated VEEV-saRNA platform, which elicits strong humoral responses at low doses in non-human primates.

As a discipline, the science of natural hazards and disaster risk aims to explain the spatial-temporal pattern, process and mechanism, emergency response and risk mitigation of natural hazards, which requires a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. With the support of Natural Science Finance of China (NSFC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in-depth research and systematic analysis on natural hazards and disaster risk were conducted. In this paper, the state of the art in research on natural hazards is summarized from seven aspects: formation process, mechanism and dynamic of natural hazards, disaster risk assessment, forecast, monitoring and early warning, disaster mitigation, emergency treatment and rescue, risk management and post-disaster reconstruction. The trends within the natural hazards and disaster risk as a discipline were identified, along with existing shortcomings and significant gaps that need to be addressed. This paper highlighted: 1) the scientific challenges including the frontier scientific issues and technological gaps on natural hazards and disaster risk discipline from 2025 to 2035 in China, and 2) the proposal to develop a systemic and holistic natural hazards and disaster risk discipline.

This thesis focuses on the duty of independence and impartiality for arbitrators. The starting point is unambiguous: an arbitrator should be independent and impartial. Less unambiguous is the answer to the question of what this duty of arbitral independence and impartiality entails. This thesis aimed to shed light on this (general) research question.The objective of this doctoral research was twofold. On the one hand, the objective was to gain insight into the way in which the duty of arbitral independence and impartiality is interpreted judicially. To this end, it was examined how the duty is interpreted in arbitration legislation, institutional rules, and (arbitral) court rulings. On the other hand, the objective was to shed light on a number of (open) questions related to the scope of the duty. In this respect, it was examined, among other things, who exactly is subject to the duty, how the duty emerges in arbitration legislation and institutional rules, what the duty aims to achieve, the question from when and to when arbitrators must be independent and impartial, and whether the parties can waive the right to an independent and impartial arbitrator.

Social support has been an important social-contextual protective factor against loneliness. However, how individual-level protective factors, such as social competence and a positive stress mindset, may jointly influence the relationship between social support and loneliness is less known. This study examined to what extent the link between social support and loneliness would be mediated by social competence and moderated by stress mindset among migrant children. In total, 198 rural-to-urban migrant children aged 10–14 years (56.1% girls) in Beijing, China, completed a set of self-reported questionnaires. A moderated mediation analysis was performed. We found that perceived social support was associated with a lower level of loneliness, and this association was significant only for migrant children holding a positive stress mindset (indicated by a high ratio of the stress-is-a-challenge mindset to the stress-is-a-threat mindset). Notably, across children with different stress mindsets, perceived social support was indirectly related to a lower level of loneliness through greater social competence. Our findings suggest that social competence and a stress-is-a-challenge mindset are important individual-level protective factors for migrant children to overcome loneliness. Social competence can carry the effect of social support, and a stress-is-a-challenge mindset can optimize the effect of environmental resources on mental health.

With the recent development of Deep Learning applied to Computer Vision, sport video understanding has gained a lot of attention, providing much richer information for both sport consumers and leagues. This paper introduces DeepSportradar-v1, a suite of computer vision tasks, datasets and benchmarks for automated sport understanding. The main purpose of this framework is to close the gap between academic research and real world settings. To this end, the datasets provide high-resolution raw images, camera parameters and high quality annotations. DeepSportradar currently supports four challenging tasks related to basketball: ball 3D localization, camera calibration, player instance segmentation and player re-identification. For each of the four tasks, a detailed description of the dataset, objective, performance metrics, and the proposed baseline method are provided. To encourage further research on advanced methods for sport understanding, a competition is organized as part of the MMSports workshop from the ACM Multimedia 2022 conference, where participants have to develop state-of-the-art methods to solve the above tasks. The four datasets, development kits and baselines are publicly available at https://github.com/DeepSportRadar.

Database for the OSIPI challenge on DCE-MRI (TF6.2)

Societies undergo rapid changes in the relations between social groups. People seem to experience some of these changes as threatening. This makes understanding how people cope with social change very important. However, how people regulate negative arousal stemming from societal change, and how this in turn shapes opinions, is as yet poorly understood. We propose a psychophysiological threat-and-coping model of social change. Linking social, psychological, and physiological levels of analysis this novel model describes and explains the interplay between lower-level physiological responses, and higher-level information processing, to understand how people cope with and form opinions about social change. Given the novelty of the subject at hand, in this first pilot study we aim to explore under what circumstances social change leads to a threat response. We further want to understand what kind of threat do people feel when confronted with social change. Finally, we will use the results of this pilot to finely design the manipulation of social change that we will include in our research project.

This study aims to investigate the role of upward social comparison in the relationship between challenge and threat appraisals and performance employing experimental design. Specifically, we propose that the effects of upward social comparison information will differ among those who are under challenge and those who are under threat, which then will have implications onto performance.

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The research performed here applies a theoretical model of the presidency by Stephen Skowronek that spans all of American history to the number of executive orders issued per president and the number of these orders argued before the Supreme Court per president. I hypothesized that presidents who have the fewest political resources available to them (disjunctive presidents) would issue the most executive orders, and presidents who transform the face of American government and politics (reconstructionists) would face the most Supreme Court cases dealing with executive orders. I created two datasets for this research and used descriptive statistics to evaluate these hypotheses. In three out of the four time periods examined, disjunctive presidents issued more orders than all other presidents. However, I did not find a correlation between presidential type and how many Supreme Court cases they faced. This research produced accurate data that can be used to study executive orders for years to come and contributed to our understanding of why presidents choose to exercise unilateral actions to accomplish their policy goals rather than negotiate with Congress. As this was written as a partial requirement for a master’s degree and did not require any grants, the public cost of this research was minimal.

A wealth of literature examines the role of challenge from an individual psychological perspective, but research investigating how a talent development system can proactively support athletes to successfully meet the ever-increasing demands of top-level professional sport is less prevalent. This study takes advantage of a naturally occurring but highly atypical developmental challenge as a result of COVID-19 to examine factors influencing the efficacy and effectiveness of the talent development pathway at Munster Rugby. Players and staff (n = 12) took part in semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of the build-up to the event, the game itself, and the impact post-event. The data were subsequently analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Players and coaches highlight the groundwork undertaken to establish alignment and coherence, both horizontally and vertically across the talent development environment, and how this contributed to navigating the challenge successfully. The findings support the necessity of both the player and the talent development system being prepared to enable players to perform at the highest level. The findings point to an overlap between the development and performance phases of a player’s journey and the need to integrate short- and long-term objectives within a talent development system.

The rise of social media such as TikTok, where short-content takes prominence, has generated a trend of online musical challenges. Songs from the music industry have made way for amateur choreography that is becoming viralized around the world, and replicated in a constant network algorithm. This study seeks to address gender differences and the sexual objectification of musical challenges on the platform. For this purpose, a descriptive and correlational content analysis was conducted for eight popular songs on the platform, in a sample of 400 tiktoks, 200 females and 200 males. Based on the analysis of the sexual objectification of music videos, we applied a codification that collected race and age demographics, followed by interpretative-choreographic factors such as body exposure, perpetration and gaze, decorative role, facial attractiveness, body shape, degree of global sexualization, provocative dress, and sexual dancing. The results revealed a significant statistical relationship between gender and sexual objectification in all cases, except in the choreography and sensual movements, sexual positions and seductive expressions. In the rest of the codes analyzed predominated the female gender. From this group, the exposure of body, facial attractiveness and provocative clothing differed. To sum up, the research introduces a new social phenomenon characterized by the sexualization of its young performers, where gender differences are accentuated perpetuating the media pattern of the music industry.

Illumination estimation is the essential step of computational color constancy, one of the core parts of various image processing pipelines of modern digital cameras. Having an accurate and reliable illumination estimation is important for reducing the illumination influence on the image colors. To motivate the generation of new ideas and the development of new algorithms in this field, two challenges on illumination estimation were conducted. The main advantage of testing a method on a challenge over testing it on some of the known datasets is the fact that the ground- truth illuminations for the challenge test images are unknown up until the results have been submitted, which prevents any potential hyperparameter tuning that may be biased. The First illumination estimation challenge (IEC#1) had only a single task, global illumination estimation. The second illumination estimation challenge (IEC#2) was enriched with two additional tracks that encompassed indoor and two-illuminant illumination estimation. Other main features of it are a new large dataset of images (about 5000) taken with the same camera sensor model, a manual markup accompanying each image, diverse content with scenes taken in numerous countries under a huge variety of illuminations extracted by using the SpyderCube calibration object, and a contest- like markup for the images from the Cube++ dataset. This article focuses on the description of the past two challenges, algorithms which won in each track, and the conclusions that were drawn based on the results obtained during the first and second challenge that can be useful for similar future developments.

Introduction: the paper proves that when studying hardiness in lifers it is constructive to use a concept developed by Salvatore R. Maddi, in the framework of which a three-component structure of this phenomenon was substantiated and a methodology for its studying was developed. The validity and reliability of this methodology was also confirmed during its initial adaptation in the research group of D.A. Leontiev and in many studies of Russian psychologists, on samples of convicts, too. Aim: to figure out the reasons for such a variety of findings on lifers and to determine their level of hardiness and motivation for pro-social life upon release. To achieve this goal we use the findings of a comprehensive study conducted in 2020 among inmates of Penal Colony no. 5 of the Vologda Oblast Division of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Methods: we studied the transformation of personality of convicted lifers on a sample of 46 men (aged 28 to 64 and held in the penal colony for the period from 8 to 26 years) with the use of the Hardiness Survey, semistructured interviews and essays – reflective self-reports of inmates on the difficulties that arise in the conditions of the correctional institution. Results: we have revealed that only one in ten convicts (10.9%) has a high level of overall hardiness, while one in four (23.9%) has a low level of overall hardiness. Among the components of hardiness, the lowest scores among the surveyed are observed on the scales “challenge” and “commitment” (37% and 30.4%, respectively). Slightly better scores are on the “control” scale (low level is observed in 26.1% of respondents), according to the data of interviews and essays, are associated with the influence of strict regime conditions. Conclusions: based on all the findings of the research, including the features of lifers’ dominant experiences and motivation for pro-social life on the outside, we substantiate the criteria for assessing their psychological readiness for being released on parole and the need for anthropological proportionality in the treatment of inmates with different levels of subject activity. Keywords: hardiness; lifers; commitment; control; challenge; correctional institutions; punishment in the form of incarceration; release of lifers on parole; lifers’ personality features.

The article discusses the basic concepts of modern security theory: “danger”, “threat”, “challenge”, “risk” and “interest”. Based on the analysis of the content and correlation of these terms, the essence, nature and causes of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation are consider. The authors propose a revised definition of “threat to national security” as “a potential problem situation, which, without timely detection and resolution may lead to violation of stable operation or the destruction of the state”. Analysis of modern scientific literature on national security issues has shown that the term “call”, used in the meaning of “signal messages”, does not coincide with the original meaning of the term, understood as “challenge” — a problem C Based on this, the concepts of “threat” and “challenge” (understood as a problem situation) are synonymous. As a result, the authors concluded that there are two different conceptual approaches to security. Eurasian, which is characterize by the “threat — danger — damage” model, and Anglo-Saxon, which considers the mechanism of threat development through the “interest — control — lack of control — challenge — risk” model. In this case, interest and control are consider in relation to resources, territories, technologies, challenge as a problem situation that needs to be solved and risk as a possibility of lost profits.

This paper was written at the same time that the annual language and culture seminar of Hellenic Culture School Switzerland was being held in Greece. That was a felicitous coincidence, since it allowed the observation and interpretation of the students’ learning behaviour and their target language interactions within its native environment. This short immersion into authentic language and culture input was welcomed by students of all proficiency levels as a challenge and call for participating in a new, enriched learning activity performed within a natural, real-life situation and hence, a more purposeful and meaningful communication context. Students were led to a self-directed reception and assimilation of language input, applying their own strategies, experiences or intuition. This attitude of students, normally deprived of a native language environment, reflects the need to incorporate authentic materials in L2 classes based on their ability to function as substitutes for the native environment, which is missing, and on their potential to become vehicles for language progress, pragmatic and cultural awareness. The importance of authentic texts in language learning has been discussed by theorists in applied linguistics and language learning throughout the 20th century but with the development of the communicative approach and task-based learning it has become a leading feature of language teaching materials. This paper explores the development of task authenticity in the selection of language teaching materials in class and examines the arguments for their use, based on the analysis of culture, currency and challenge.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic era. The infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and, thus, productivity. To gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers, global mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this disease. Briefly, to induce NE, birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 108 CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 15. On day 16, 2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion scores. Duodenum tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate (n = 4) was used for histology, and the jejunum tissue for RNA extraction. RNA-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 sequencer. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein–protein interactions (PPI). At a false discovery rate threshold

Alemnew Wale Tegegne,1 Aychew Kassie Gidafie,2 Desalegn Girma Mamo Snr,1 Semahegn Tilahun Wassie,1 Zinie Abita Mengie1 1Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia; 2Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Alemnew Wale Tegegne Tel +251918657367Email walealemnew@gmail.comBackground: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is overstressing health systems and Essential health services and vaccination services are disrupted. Immunization is a confirmed gizmo for governing and even eliminating communicable diseases.Objective: This study aims to assess the challenge and status of immunization during COVID-19 and associated factors among children aged 10– 23 months south Nation Nationality and People Region Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: community-based mixed quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study was done in southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. After that, the data were edited, coded, and move in into Epi info version 7.2 for data management then transported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The analyzed data were presented by tables, graphs, figures, and text form.Results: According to this study, the prevalence of incomplete immunization was found to be 809 (62.2%) with (95% CI: 59.5, 64.8). In multivariable analysis waiting time at a health facility (AOR=0.04, 95% CI 0.0001,0.004), education (AOR=5.08,95% CI2.31,11.14), place of delivery (AOR=2.34,95% CI 4.96,6.089), fearing of COVID-19 (AOR=3.62,95% CI 1.72,7.64) and do not understand the separation care of COVID-19 and other health services (AOR=2.85,95% CI1.38,5.9) were significantly associated factors.Conclusion: The prevalence of incomplete immunization among children aged 10– 23 months was very high in this study as compared to the other studies done in a different pocket of Ethiopia. Consecutively, reducing waiting time at a health facility, avoiding unnecessary fear of COVID-19, and promoting immunization in a different area of southwest Ethiopia along with health extension workers are recommended.Keywords: immunization status, challenge, children 12– 23-month-old, southwest Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) to pigs infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV). Two groups of twelve weaned pigs each were fed with CONVENTIONAL or 8% SDPP enriched diets. Two pigs (trojans)/group) were injected intramuscularly with the pandemic ASFV (Georgia 2007/01) and comingled with the rest of the pigs (1:5 trojan:naïve ratio) to simulate a natural route of transmission. Trojans developed ASF and died within the first week after inoculation, but contact pigs did not develop ASF, viremia, or seroconversion. Therefore, three more trojans per group were introduced to optimize the ASFV transmission (1:2 trojan:naïve ratio). Blood, nasal, and rectal swabs were weekly harvested, and at end of the study ASFV-target organs collected. After the second exposure, rectal temperature of conventionally fed contact pigs increased >40.5 °C while fever was delayed in the SDPP contact pigs. Additionally, PCR Ct values in blood, secretions, and tissue samples were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for CONVENTIONAL compared to SDPP contact pigs. Under these study conditions, contact exposed pigs fed SDPP had delayed ASFV transmission and reduced virus load, likely by enhanced specific T-cell priming after the first ASFV-exposure.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on the protection afforded by the BA71∆CD2 African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine prototype. Two groups of pigs acclimated to diets without or with 8% SDPP were intranasally inoculated with 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) of live attenuated ASFV strain BA71∆CD2 and, three weeks later, left in direct contact with pigs infected with the pandemic Georgia 2007/01 ASFV strain. During the post-exposure (pe) period, 2/6 from the conventional diet group showed a transient peak rectal temperature >40.5 °C before day 20 pe, and some tissue samples collected at 20 d pe from 5/6 were PCR+ for ASFV, albeit showing Ct values much higher than Trojan pigs. Interestingly, the SDPP group did not show fever, neither PCR+ in blood nor rectal swab at any time pe, and none of the postmortem collected tissue samples were PCR+ for ASFV. Differential serum cytokine profiles among groups at vaccination, and a higher number of ASFV-specific IFNϒ-secreting T cells in pigs fed with SDPP soon after the Georgia 2007/01 encounter, confirmed the relevance of Th1-like responses in ASF protection. We believe that our result shows that nutritional interventions might contribute to improving future ASF vaccination strategies.

While psycho-behavioural skills play a crucial role in negotiating and growing from developmental trauma, the precise outcomes which these skills enable has been underexplored. Accordingly, six senior international performers were interviewed to explore what such skills led to when negotiating and growing from traumatic experiences. It was subsequently found that psycho-behavioural skills supported a sense of perspective, control, and confidence in participants, all of which contributed to a predominantly constructive rather than illusory growth process. These findings add to our understanding of skills-based development by highlighting what psycho-behavioural skills can precisely help to facilitate in young performers, as part of their efforts to cope with and subsequently grow from traumatic experiences. Significantly, and, contrary to other research, the findings of this study also question the length of time which may be needed for constructive growth to be achieved.

Aims Inherited bleeding diseases greatly affect education, working, job, social activities and quality of life. We aimed to discover the sources of identity challenges among patients with Haemophilia. Design The present study has been designed and performed as a qualitative content analysis research. Methods Participants were purposively selected from haemophilia patients referred to our clinic during one year, from March 2018 to April 2019. Data collection was done through semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews using purposeful sampling. Data were analysed based on Granheme and Landman method. The main categories were fear of rejection, losing social roles, discrimination and stigma and marriage breakdown. Results Patients with haemophilia encounter several challenges due to physical and social constraints caused by the disease. Such challenges result in disturbances in the self‐identity of the patients. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the nurses should plan to have attention to the patients with haemophilia, based on more protection and better supports.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel beleuchtet, wie die christliche Kirche in Europa der Herausforderung der Präsenz von Muslimen in Europa begegnen soll. Er vertritt die grundlegende Ansicht, dass dieser Herausforderung im Licht einer theologischen Reflexion über die Offenbarung Gottes in Jesus Christus zu begegnen ist, wie sie die Heiligen Schrift offenbart. Reitsma zeigt auf, dass der Islam ‐ wie das Christentum ‐ vielschichtig und bei weitem nicht statisch ist. Gott beabsichtigte, dass die christliche Gemeinschaft das nach seinem Ebenbild geschaffene Volk darstellt als wiederhergestellte Schöpfungsgemeinschaft und Mitregenten des Schöpfers. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass kulturelle (und religiöse) Vielfalt schöpfungsbedingt und als solches eine gute Sache ist. Islam und Christentum haben unterschiedliche Wahrheitsansprüche, denn obgleich der Islam als eine abrahamitische Religion angesehen werden kann, können doch seine ganz unterschiedlichen Standpunkte hinsichtlich der Natur Gottes und der Erlösung nicht ignoriert werden. Nichtsdestoweniger sind Christen dazu berufen, Muslimen die Liebe Gottes anstatt Hass entgegenzubringen. Durch die Gnade Christi und die Kraft des Heiligen Geistes ist es möglich, als eine multikulturelle und multiethnische Gesellschaft in Frieden und Harmonie zu leben.RÉSUMÉL’auteur aborde ici la question de la manière dont l’Église chrétienne se doit de réagir face à la présence musulmane en Europe. C’est fondamentalement à la lumière d’une réflexion théologique sur la révélation de Dieu en Jésus-Christ, telle que révélée dans l’Écriture, qu’il convient d’aborder cette question. Il souligne que l’islam ‐ tout comme le christianisme ‐, présente une grande diversité et est loin d’être statique. Dieu a voulu que la communauté chrétienne soit le peuple créé à son image, la communauté restaurée de la création et le vice-roi du Créateur. Il soutient que la diversité culturelle (et religieuse) fait partie de la création et constitue à ce titre une bonne chose. L’islam et le christianisme se revendiquent de la vérité de manières différentes, car bien que l’islam puisse être reconnu comme une religion abrahamique, on ne peut ignorer ses perspectives fondamentalement différentes sur la nature de Dieu et sur la nature du salut. Les chrétiens sont cependant appelés à manifester l’amour de Dieu aux musulmans, plutôt que de l’animosité. Sous la grâce apportée par Christ et par la puissance de l’Esprit, il est possible de vivre en paix et en harmonie au sein d’une société multiculturelle et pluriethnique.SUMMARYThis article considers how the Christian Church in Europe should respond to the challenge of the presence of Muslims in Europe. The basic stance is that this challenge should be addressed in the light of theological reflection on God’s revelation in Jesus Christ as revealed in the Scriptures. Reitsma points out that Islam ‐ like Christianity ‐ is very diverse and far from static. God intended the Christian community as the people created in his image, the restored community of creation and the viceroy of the creator. It is argued that cultural (and religious) diversity are given with the creation and as such a good thing. The truth claims of Islam and Christianity are different, because even though Islam can be recognised as an Abrahamic religion, its fundamental differences in outlook concerning the nature of God and of salvation cannot be ignored. Yet Christians are called to show Muslims the love of God rather than hatred. Under the grace of Christ and through the power of the Spirit it is possible to live in peace and harmony as a multicultural and multi-ethnic society.

Virus strains in the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for swine in the United States that was on the market until 2020 encode a truncated nonstructural protein 1 of 126 amino acids (NS1del126). Their attenuation is believed to be due to an impaired ability to counteract the type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral host response. However, this mechanism has been documented only in vitro for H3N2 strain A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 NS1del126 (lvTX98), and several cases of clinical respiratory disease in the field were associated with the LAIV strains. We therefore further examined the pathobiology, including type I IFN induction, of lvTX98 in pigs and compared it with IFN induction in pig kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. lvTX98 induced up to 3-fold-higher type I IFN titers than wild-type TX98 (wtTX98) after inoculation of PK-15 cells at a high multiplicity of infection, while virus replication kinetics were similar. Mean nasal lvTX98 excretion by intranasally inoculated pigs was on average 50 times lower than that for wtTX98 but still reached titers of up to 4.3 log(10) 50% tissue culture infective doses/mL. After intratracheal inoculation, mean lvTX98 titers in the lower respiratory tract were significantly reduced at 18 to 48 h postinoculation (hpi) but similar to wtTX98 titers at 72 hpi. lvTX98 caused milder clinical signs than wtTX98 but induced comparable levels of microscopic and macroscopic lung lesions, peak neutrophil infiltration, and peak type I IFN. Thus, lvTX98 was partly attenuated in pigs, but this could not be associated with higher type I IFN levels. IMPORTANCE Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) with a truncated NS1del126 protein were strongly attenuated in previous laboratory-based safety studies and therefore approved for use as LAIVs for swine in the United States. In the field, however, the LAIV strains were detected in diagnostic samples and could regain a wild-type NS1 via reassortment with endemic swIAVs. This suggests a significant degree of LAIV replication and urges further investigation of the level and mechanism of attenuation of these LAIV strains in vivo. Here, we show that H3N2 LAIV strain lvTX98 is only partly attenuated in pigs and is excreted at significant titers after intranasal vaccination. Attenuation and restricted replication of lvTX98 in vivo seemed to be associated with the loss of NS1 functions other than type I IFN antagonism. Our findings can help to explain the occurrence of clinical respiratory disease and reassortment events associated with NS1del126-based LAIV strains in the field. Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) with a truncated NS1del126 protein were strongly attenuated in previous laboratory-based safety studies and therefore approved for use as LAIVs for swine in the United States. In the field, however, the LAIV strains were detected in diagnostic samples and could regain a wild-type NS1 via reassortment with endemic swIAVs.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating disorder that strongly affects people with AD and their families. The changes in signs of the disease and its treatment lead to many challenges in people with AD that affect the performance and the ability of caregivers, their social life, and physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of caregivers' health. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate the Care Challenge Scale (CCS) for family caregivers of people with AD in the care context of Iran.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study, and the primary scale was based on 14 semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of Iranian people with AD. In the next phase, the psychometric features were assessed, including the face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), item analysis, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficient, and the average inter-item correlation), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute reliability.ResultsTotally, 435 Iranian family caregivers filled out online questionnaires, with a mean age of 50.26(±13.24) years. Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an item pool was generated with 389 items, and after deleting overlapping and unrelated items, the CCS with 14 items was created. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the CCS consists of two factors with 10 items each, which are named effective role-play challenge and lack of social–financial support, and they explained 42.23% of the total variance. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fitness of the scale structure model, and it had convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability indexes showed this scale has internal consistency and stability.ConclusionThe most care challenge among Iranian family caregivers of people with AD is effective role-play challenges and lack of social–financial support. The scale as designed has good validity, internal consistency, and stability that can be used by therapists, nurses, and researchers for the assessment of the challenges of this population.

MC903 skin inflammation model is one of well-characterized murine models of atopic dermatitis and driven by TSLP-mediated type 2 inflammation. Since it can be prepared simply by repetitive applications of MC903 and shows consistent clinical results, this model has been widely used. However, in contrast to human atopic dermatitis which is chronic and closely related to TH2 cells, MC903 induces inflammations temporarily and even in the absence of T cells. Here, we modified the MC903 treatment schedule and developed a chronic MC903-induced skin inflammation model. Mice were sensitized with a high dose of MC903 and challenged with a low dose of MC903. Prior to challenge, mice were allowed to recover completely from the inflammation which occurred during the sensitization. The challenge of MC903 induced skin swelling and type 2 inflammations more rapidly, which was dependent on CD4+ T cells and IL-33. We expect that our mouse model will be beneficial for studying the late course of atopic dermatitis. MC903 skin inflammation model is one of well-characterized murine models of atopic dermatitis and driven by TSLP-mediated type 2 inflammation. Since it can be prepared simply by repetitive applications of MC903 and shows consistent clinical results, this model has been widely used. However, in contrast to human atopic dermatitis which is chronic and closely related to TH2 cells, MC903 induces inflammations temporarily and even in the absence of T cells. Here, we modified the MC903 treatment schedule and developed a chronic MC903-induced skin inflammation model. Mice were sensitized with a high dose of MC903 and challenged with a low dose of MC903. Prior to challenge, mice were allowed to recover completely from the inflammation which occurred during the sensitization. The challenge of MC903 induced skin swelling and type 2 inflammations more rapidly, which was dependent on CD4+ T cells and IL-33. We expect that our mouse model will be beneficial for studying the late course of atopic dermatitis. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; CD4(+) T cell; Challenge; IL-33; MC903; Sensitization. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. National Research Foundation of Korea

Inspired by the first successful tests of a private manned spaceplane in 2004, the Student Aerospace Challenge was created in 2006 by the European Astronaut Club and its partners - Dassault Aviation, the European Space Agency, the International Astronautical Federation, Safran and Thales at the time - to allow European university students to explore some aspects of manned suborbital vehicles. Until 2020, the Challenge focused on a local reusable vehicle reaching Mach 3.5 and an altitude of 100 km. Since the 15th edition, to better respond to the evolution of the sector, a second vehicle is proposed: a hypersonic vehicle dedicated to point-to-point transportation taking, for example, less than two hours to travel from Barcelona to Tokyo. Each year, the Steering Committee defines several work packages corresponding to a large variety of study domains realistically related to this type of innovative vehicles like aerodynamic and flight control, structure, reusable propulsion, airworthiness, promotion, market analysis, legal frame & medicine. The introduction of a second vehicle having a quite different mission led the Committee to introduce dedicated topics. In addition, for the current edition, a new work package was proposed to cover potential applications of suborbital flights other than carrying passengers. In function of their background and interest, European University students have the opportunity to work, during several months, on a topic related to one of the work packages and to explore new solutions. Proposed projects should be technically realistic, economically viable and environmentally friendly. Reports and posters issued by student teams are evaluated by the Steering Committee some weeks before the “Suborbital Day”, a dedicated event organised like a mini-symposium, usually on-site where students present orally their projects and meet representatives of the different partners. The best-quoted projects are rewarded with prizes, among them, the ESA Grand Prize offering the winner team the unique opportunity to present their project in an appropriate European space-related event. To date, 216 teams and 998 University students coming from all over Europe already took part in the Student Aerospace Challenge, a motivating and ambitious multidisciplinary educational programme. Their participation allowed them to complement their knowledge, learn new skills and enlarge their network in the space sector

Early brain tumor resection can effectively improve the patient’s survival rate (Jakola et al. 2012). The proposed challenge intends to solve key issue in ultrasound-guided brain tumor resection, which is to outline the tumor boundary in intra-operative ultrasound. The tumor segmentation will (1) assist the surgeon in image interpretation, especially after brain shift has occurred and the MRI is no longer reliable and (2) segmented structures could be used to drive registration algorithms to compensate for brain shift. Intra-operative ultrasound (iUS) is a robust and relatively inexpensive technique to track intra-operative tissue shift and surgical tools. Automatic algorithms for brain tissue segmentation in iUS, especially brain tumors and resection cavity can greatly facilitate the robustness and accuracy of brain shift correction through image registration, and allow easy interpretation of the iUS. This has the potential to improve surgical outcomes and patient survival rate (Xiao et al. 2020). The challenge is an extension to the previous CuRIOUS 2018&2019 Challenge that focused on image registration algorithms. It will provide a snapshot of the current and new techniques for iUS segmentation which may further enhance the usefulness of ultrasound in surgical guidance by assisting the neurosurgeon in ultrasound image interpretation as well as input to image registration algorithms. The challenge will provide the opportunity to benchmark the methods on the newly released dataset of iUS brain tumor and resection cavity segmentation. References Jakola et al. 2012: Comparison of a strategy favoring early surgical resection vs a strategy favoring watchful waiting in low-grade gliomas. JAMA, 2012 Gerard et al. 2017: Brain shift in neuronavigation of brain tumors: A review, Medical Image Analysis, 2017. Munkvold et al. 2017: Tumor volume assessment in low-grade gliomas: A comparison of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to coregistered 3-dimensional ultrasound recordings, Neurosurgery, Aug 2017. Xiao et al. 2017: Retrospective evaluation of cerebral Tumors (RESECT): A clinical database of pre-operative MRI and intra-operative ultrasound in low-grade glioma surgeries, Medical Physics, Apr. 2017 Maier-Hein et al. 2018: Why rankings of biomedical image analysis competitions should be interpreted with care, Nature Communications, 2018 Xiao et al. 2020: Evaluation of MRI to Ultrasound Registration Methods for Brain Shift Correction: The CuRIOUS 2018 Challenge, IEEE TMI, 2020 Wiesenfarth et al. 2021: Methods and open-source toolkit for analyzing and visualizing challenge results, Scientific reports, 2021 Carton et al. (2020): Automatic segmentation of brain tumor resections in intraoperative ultrasound images using U-Net, Journal of Medical Imaging 7(3); doi: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.3.031503].

Three-dimensional (3D) kidney parsing on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images is one of the most important tasks for surgery-based renal cancer treatment (i.e., laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) [1]). It targets segmenting 3D kidneys, renal tumors, arteries, and veins. Once successful, clinicians will benefit from the 3D visual model of renal structures for accurate preoperative planning [2]. Preoperatively, the renal arteries will help estimate the renal perfusion model [3], so that the clinicians will select the tumor-feeding arterial branches and locate the arterial clamping position easily [4]. The tumor and kidney models will visually show the lesion regions, thus helping the pre-plan of the tumor resection surface. Intraoperatively, the preoperative plan will be displayed on the screen together with laparoscopic videos to guide the LPN [5]. Renal vessels (veins, arteries) outside the hilum will show a clear arterial clamping region visually, thus the clinicians will select arterial clamping branches quickly. The 3D visual model will also guide the clinicians in making appropriate decisions. Therefore, the costs of treatment will be reduced, the quality of LPN will be improved, and the pain of patients will be relieved. However, the field of kidney parsing has so far been limited due to challenges in complex and multiple structures, and due to the lack of public, curated, and annotated groundtruth data. 1) The large variations of the structures from different patients make the annotation an extremely challenging process. For example, the difference of multiple tumor subtypes makes the large shape, location and volume variation, and the complex growth patterns and extremely thin structures of the renal vessels also bring large voxel-level variations. 2) As a multi-structure segmentation task, the contradiction between the inter-structure difference and the preference of different segmentation methods have also become a large bottleneck. For example, the kidneys are large and lentil- like, the tumors are approximately spherical and the vessels are curved and slender. Based on the great clinical significance and inherent challenges, we organize a new challenge named Kidney Parsing (KiPA) for Renal Cancer Treatment 2022 Challenge. The KiPA challenge is an important step in the development of reliable, valid, and reproducible methods which extract four kidney-related structures on CTA images to promote the surgery-based renal cancer treatment. We have collected 130 images, 70 for the training dataset, 30 for the closed testing dataset and 30 for the opened testing dataset. Dice, HD and AVD are adopted as evaluation metrics. This challenge will promote the renal cancer treatment, interactions between researchers and interdisciplinary communication. References [1] Shao, P., Qin, C., Yin, C., Meng, X., Ju, X., Li, J., Lv, Q., Zhang, W., Xu,Z., 2011. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with segmental renal artery clamping: technique and clinical outcomes. European urology 59, 849–855. [2] Porpiglia, F., Fiori, C., Checcucci, E., Amparore, D., Bertolo, R., 2018. Hyperaccuracy three-dimensional reconstruction is able to maximize the efficacy of selective clamping during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for complex renal masses. European urology 74, 651–660. [3] Zhang, S., Yang, G., Tang, L., Lv, Q., Li, J., Xu, Y., Zhu, X., Li, P., Shao, P., Wang, Z., 2019. Application of a functional3-dimensional perfusion model in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with precise segmental renal artery clamping. Urology 125, 98–103. [4] Shao, P., Tang, L., Li, P., Xu, Y., Qin, C., Cao, Q., Ju, X., Meng, X., Lv, Q., Li, J., et al., 2012. Precise segmental renal artery clamping under the guidance of dual-source computed tomography angiography during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. European urology 62, 1001–1008 [5] Nicolau, S., Soler, L., Mutter, D., Marescaux, J., 2011. Augmented reality in laparoscopic surgical oncology. Surgical oncology 20, 189–201 [6] Yang, G., Gu, J., Chen, Y., Liu, W., Tang, L., Shu, H., Toumoulin, C., 2014. Automatic kidney segmentation in ct images based on multi-atlas image registration, in: 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE. pp. 5538–5541. [7] He, Y., Yang, G., Yang, J., Ge, R., Kong, Y., Zhu, X., Shao,P., Shu H., Dillenseger, J.L., Li, S., 2021. Meta grayscale adaptive network for 3D integrated renal structures segmentation. Medical image analysis 71, 102055. [8] He, Y., Yang, G., Yang, J., Chen, Y., Kong, Y., Wu, J., Tang, L., Zhu, X., Dillenseger, J.L., Shao, P., Zhang, S., Shu, H., Coatrieux, J.L., Li, S., 2020. Dense biased networks with deep priori anatomy and hard region adaptation: Semisupervised learning for fine renal artery segmentation. Medical Image Analysis 63, 101722.

Personality affects the vulnerability to the emotional symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study investigated whether stress mindset (general belief about the nature of stress) and coping flexibility (the ability to terminate ineffective coping strategies and adopt alternative ones) mediate the relations of the Big Five personality traits to psychological distress. A total of 260 undergraduate students (60.4% female) in Singapore completed self-reported questionnaires. A series of path analyses was performed. Firstly, a dual-pathway model of stress coping was established, which consisted of (a) a stress–threat–distress pathway where a stress-is-a-threat mindset mediated the association between stressful experiences and psychological distress and (b) a challenge–flexibility–enhancement pathway where coping flexibility mediated the relation of a stress-is-a-challenge mindset to a lower level of psychological distress, without being influenced by stressful experiences. Furthermore, Neuroticism was associated with the stress–threat–distress pathway, with stressful experiences and a stress-is-a-treat mindset mediating the relation of Neuroticism to psychological distress. Conscientiousness was associated with the challenge–flexibility–enhancement pathway, with a stress-is-a-challenge mindset and coping flexibility mediating the relation of Conscientiousness to less psychological distress. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness were directly associated with greater coping flexibility. The findings enrich the literature on personality and stress coping and inform future interventions to promote mental health.

Pulla, V., Bhattacharyya, R., & Bhatt, S. (eds). Discrimination, Challenge and Response-People of North East India, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 203 pp., ISBN 978-3-030-46250-5, eBook:£87.50; Hardcover: £109.99

The ever-evolving legal and regulatory landscape and resulting pressure on organizations to adapt and comply is just one of many factors that have turned compliance management into a crucial yet increasingly complicated activity. In recent years, numerous compliance challenges have been reported on and traditional approaches for managing legal and regulatory risks are increasingly being scrutinized. This paper provides an overview of the main challenges faced by commercial organizations and goes on to focus on what is referred to as a holistic, integrated approach to managing compliance. It explores the key characteristics and suggested benefits of the approach, as well as some factual and more substantive arguments in support of its claims and underlying logic. Borrowing from criminological theory, it further argues that despite the potential benefits of a holistic view of compliance, there equally remains room for caution.