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The most important aim in interpreting an oblique ionogram is to obtain the accurate Junction Frequencies (JFs) of the ordinary (O) and extraordinary (X) mode. This requires the correct identification of O- and X-mode traces, so it is very helpful and worthy to grasp the relative position between the two modes. This paper presents a statistical and simulation study of the separation in JFs between O- and X-waves based on observed oblique ionograms over three mid-latitude paths within China and a 3D ray-tracing program. The dependence on local time, season, geomagnetic activity, O-wave JF and group path, solar activity, direction, and length of propagation is investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) the separation on east–west path is susceptible to ionospheric variability, while the separation on north–south path does not show a significant correlation with local time and season; (b) a general diurnal tendency and a summer anomaly on east–west propagation are first proposed and discussed, which may be related to the diurnal variation of hmF2 above the reflection point and the strong lower layers below the reflection point; (c) the separation varies approximately as a cosine function with the propagation direction owning two maxima in the north–south direction and two minima in the east–west direction; (d) the variation patterns of the separation with the propagation length are obviously not the same in different directions. In the case of east–west propagation, the separation decreases to a minimum near ground range of 2000 km and then increases very slowly with increasing ground range, while it monotonically increases for the north–south propagation path. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACT: It is one of the key difficulties that extremely thick gravel layer distributed in the shallow and middle layers in the Tarim Oilfield. The maximum thickness of the gravel layer is more than 5000m, which seriously restricts the efficient exploration and development of Piedmont tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir. According to the characteristics of gravel layer in Bozi block, this paper selects the appropriate outcrop, studies the parameters such as conglomerate composition, hardness and compressive strength through rock mechanics experiments, and summarizes the diagenetic characteristics of gravel layer in Bozi block. The experimental results show that there are great differences in mineral composition in the plane of rock samples and a wide range of spatial strength variation, so the impact load on the bit during drilling is large. According to the results of experiments, a new large-size PDC bit is designed from optimization of cutters, tooth arrangement and force balance design. The designed large-size PDC bit has obvious effect of speed-up, which achieves the footage of a single bit is 510m, and the ROP(rate of penetration) is 1.89m/h. Compared with adjacent wells with the same lithology in the same well section, the footage and average ROP of a single bit are doubled, which achieves a good speed-up effect, and provides technical reference and support for efficient exploration and development of oil and gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin. 1. INTRODUCTION Huge thick gravel layer is developed in the upper part of Kelasu structural belt in Kuqa depression, Tarim, especially in Bozi block. The average thickness of gravel layer is 3000m and the maximum thickness is more than 5000m(Teng et al., 2015; Zhong et al., 2012). Multiple sets of strata contain gravels with different compositions, which are poor sorting, strong heterogeneity and poor drillability. During the drilling process, cutting teeth of conventional PDC bits are easy damaged due to the positive impact of gravel. The damage of PDC teeth leads to slow ROP(rate of penetration), less bit footage and more bit consumption(Pei, Yan, & Hongbo, 2020; Zhang, Dang, Chen, & Zhang, 2017), that seriously restricts the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas reservoir.

ABSTRACT: The Kuqa FoId-Thrust BeIt in Tarim Basin is verified as the most challenging geological structure for ultra-deep hydrocarbon development in China onshore. The complicated thick gypsum salt layer is commonly found in Kuqa FoId-Thrust BeIt, with the thickness of up to 3000m. It is easy to get stuck during drilling in such formations, and how to deal with sticking is a difficult problem in gypsum salt rock drilling. Taking the sticking treatment process of gypsum salt rock in a well in Kuqa FoId-Thrust BeIt as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of sticking, and discusses the influence of sticking agent and construction process on the sticking treatment. The field operation shows that the drilling fluid density is an important operation parameter in the drilling operation of composite gypsum salt formation. The drilling fluid with low density has insufficient support to the wellbore, which will cause wellbore instability and block falling; On the other hand, the creep speed of salt layer is fast, resulting in serious hole necking. Necking caused by creep and accumulation of falling blocks are extremely easy to cause sticking accidents. The high-density and high-viscosity pre isolation fluid can effectively separate the oil-based drilling fluid from the unblocking agent. The unblocking agent without slurry mixing with the oil -based drilling fluid can dissolve the salt rock at the sticking point, which is the key to successful unblocking. The combination of releasing agent and isolation fluid can successfully solve the sticking problem of gypsum salt layer in the drilling process of oil -based drilling fluid, accumulate valuable experience and provide new ideas for the sticking treatment of gypsum salt layer of oil-based drilling fluid. 1. INTRODUCTION The gypsum-salt layers in the Tarim Basin are widely distributed, and most of them are compound salt and gypsum formation, which is not beneficial to drilling. Under the combined action of buoyancy, gravity, differential sediment load and compressive stress, the salt body is prone to obvious plastic flow(Jia & Wei, 2002; Teng et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2021). The composite gypsum-salt rock layer is mixed with mudstone, gypsum mudstone in the salt and gypsum layer. The mudstone has strong hydration properties, which leads to the collapse of the wellbore, shrinks the diameter and drags the adjacent anhydrite and salt rock to collapse, which causes the instability of the wellbore(Guimei, Liangjie, Wenzheng, & Yixin, 2007). The main reason is that the interface between the gypsum layer, the salt layer and the mudstone has the greatest risk of instability, which is likely to cause stuck pipe accidents, which is a thorny problem that hinders the drilling of the composite gypsum-salt layer(Da et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2021). Oil-based drilling fluids have the advantages of high temperature resistance, salt resistance, lubricity, good for wellbore stability and less damage to oil and gas formations. It has been widely used as an important means of drilling composite gypsum salt rock formation in Tarim Oilfield and achieved obvious results (Zhu et al., 2015) However, there are still complex accidents such as borehole instability and sticking during the drilling of composite gypsum-salt rock formations. Scholars have conducted comprehensive research on the safety drilling technology and casing damage in gypsum-salt formations(Jian et al., 2017; Long et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2019), but there are few studies on the drilling sticking treatment technology in gypsum-salt formations. The treatment of the stuck pipe accident is mainly based on the formation characteristics and the type of stuck pipe, and the treatment methods such as oil soaking, releasing agent, shock, undercut, sleeve milling, pressure reduction and card release are adopted (Rashidi et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2015). Among them, acid soaking in calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate formation is a very effective method for unblocking (Jardine, McCann, & Barber, 1992; Wisnie & Zhu, 1994). The idea of dissolving the rock at the location of sticking to achieve the effect of sticking is worthy of reference for compound gypsum-salt rock unblocking technology.

Background: α-Aryl substituted nitroalkanes are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceutical molecules, natural products, and functional materials. Due to their scare existence in Nature, synthesis of these compounds has attracted the attention of synthetic and medicinal chemists, rendering α-arylation of nitroalkanes of an important research topic. This article summarizes the important advances of α- arylation of nitroalkanes since 1963. Results: After a brief introduction of the synthetic application and the reactions of nitroalkanes, this article reviewed the synthetic methods for the α-arylated aliphatic nitro compound. The amount of research on α-arylation of nitroalkanes using various arylation reagents and the discovery of elegant synthetic approaches towards such skeleton have been discussed. This review described these advances in two sections. One is the arylation of non-activated nitroalkanes, with an emphasis on the application of diverse arylation reagents; the other focuses on the arylation of activated nitroalkanes, including dinitroalkanes, trinitroalkanes, α-nitrosulfones, α-nitroesters, α-nitrotoluenes, and α-nitroketones. The synthetic application of these methods has also been presented in some cases. Conclusion: In this review, we described the progress of α-arylation of nitroalkanes. Although the immense amount of research on α-arylation of aliphatic nitro compounds has been achieved, many potential issues still need to be addressed, especially the asymmetric transformation and its wide application in organic synthesis.

In this study, 24 copies of samples of Chrysanthemum morifolium and soil from two main production towns in Macheng city were collected, and the contents of 13 mineral elements, 5 effective components and 14 soil nutrient factors in Ch. morifolium were determined. The enrichment characteristics of available soil nutrients by mineral elements were analyzed and the dominant factors affecting the effective components of Ch. morifolium were screened. The results showed that the content of mineral elements and soil nutrients and effective components are very different, and variation of soil fertility was much greater than that of inorganic elements in chrysanthemum plants. In general, the level of element content in Ch. morifolium from different producing areas is Kgt;Ngt;Pgt;Mggt;Cagt;Fegt;Mngt;Zngt;Cugt;Nigt;Crgt;Pbgt;Cd. The content of K, N and Mg is higher than that of common crops, and the content of Cu, Cd and Pb in Ch. morifolium from various producing areas does not exceed the relevant standards. The N, P and K enrichment capacity in soil was stronger than that of other elements, and the Ca enrichment ability was the worst. The content of AvCu in the soil was positively correlated with the contents of N, Mg, K, Fe and Cu elements in Ch. morifolium. The contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid reached the pharmacopoeia standard. The percentage of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Ch. morifolium that from Huangtugang town in the active components were generally higher than that from Futianhe town, and the diffe-rences of luteolin contents in the two producing areas were relatively small. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the contents of Cu, Zn and Cr in Ch. morifolium were positively correlated with the active components, while the contents of Fe, Mn and Ni were negatively correlated with the contents of AvP, AvK, TK, AvMn and AvCu in soil. In general, Zn and Ca fertilizer should be added to the ecological planting of Ch. morifolium, K fertilizer should be added, and N and P fertilizer should be applied appropriately.

Yinshan Mountains stands on the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which stretches 1 200 km from east to west and 50 to 100 km from north to south. The rich and varied topographic environment of the Yinshan Mountains has created a variety of vegetation floras, which also makes the species of medicinal plant resources in this area unevenly distributed. Therefore, studying the spatial distribution difference of medicinal plant resources among various banners, counties, and districts in the Yinshan area is of great significance to formulate the protection policy and promote the industry development of medicinal plant. This study is based on the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Inner Mongolia, regarding the results of the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources. The species of medicinal plant resources in the Yinshan area around 31 banners, counties and districts were counted in detail. Then, using exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation, geographical detector and other geostatistical analysis methods to analyze the differences in the spatial distribution of medicinal plant resources of the Yinshan area in Inner Mongolia. After discussing and analyzing the experimental results to account for the reasons for the overall trend of change and the degree of aggregation, the author further put forward relevant constructive suggestions. The results show that the areas with the most abundant and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources in the Yinshan area are located in Guyang county, Shiguai District of Baotou city, Tutou right banner, and Tuoketuo county; the higher richness and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources is in Wulate front banner, Wulate middle banner, Wulate back banner; areas with relatively low abundance and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources located in Qingshan district of Baotou city, Saihan district and Yuquan district of Hohhot city; areas with the lowest abundance and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources are located in Xincheng district and Huimin district of Hohhot city. It can be concluded that the horizontal distribution difference of multiple ecological factors, the special wetland environment of the river, the vertical difference of elevation, the farmland and other factors have an important influence on the richness of the medicinal plant resources species.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 in the worldwide has drawn lots of attention recently. The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and tend to have severe conditions and higher mortality as their immune function decreased and they are prone to having multiple chronic diseases. Therefore, avoiding viral infection, early detection and treatment of viral infection in the elderly are important measures to protect the safety of the elderly. In this paper, we propose a real-time robot-based COVID-19 detection system: Epidemic Guard. It combines speech recognition, keyword detection, cough classification, and medical services to convert real-time audio into structured data to record the user’s real condition. These data can be further utilized by the rules engine to provide a basis for real-time supervision and medical services. In addition, Epidemic Guard comes with a powerful pre-training model to effectively customize the user’s health status.

Haemaphysalis longicornis, the cattle tick or bush tick, has an extended distribution throughout Asia and the Pacific region, including China, Russia, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the South Pacific islands. It is an obligate ectoparasite found commonly on medium to large sized wild and domestic animals, with humans as an accidental host. Haemaphysalis longicornis transmits a number of pathogens, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and tick-borne encephalitis viruses, bacteria, helminths, and protozoans, that impact on veterinary (wild and domestic animals) and human health. Surveys of rickettsial pathogens associated with H. longicornis from China, the ROK, and Japan have resulted in the discovery of more than 35 incompletely characterized molecular isolates of Rickettsia. In response to the increased global threat of tick-borne rickettsial diseases, H. longicornis collected in the ROK and China were assessed in our laboratory and two additional Rickettsia spp. isolates (ROK-HL727 and XinXian HL9) were identified. These agents were fully characterized by multilocus sequence typing using partial gene fragment sequences of rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4. Phylogenetic comparisons of these Rickettsia isolates with known Rickettsia species and other molecular isolates identified from H. longicornis were performed to better understand their interrelationships. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from these 5 gene fragments showed that ROK-HL727 was closely related to rickettsial isolates of H. longicornis previously reported from China, the ROK and Japan, but distinct from any currently recognized Rickettsia species. It therefore qualifies genetically as a new species, introduced herein as Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii. The XinXian-HL9 isolate detected from China was determined to be genetically similar to the human pathogen Rickettsia heilongjiangensis. People living and working in areas where H. longicornis is endemic should be aware of the potential for rickettsial diseases.

Cardiac glycosides exhibit significant anticancer effects and the glycosyl substitution at C3 position of digoxigenin is pivotal for their biological activity. In order to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of cardiac glycosides toward cancers and explore more potent anticancer agents, a series of C3-O-neoglycosides and C3-MeON-neoglycosides of digoxigenin were synthesized by the Koenigs-Knorr and neoglycosylation method, respectively. In addition, digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside and monodigitoxoside were prepared from digoxin by sodium periodate (NaIO4) oxidation and 6-aminocaproic acid hydrolysis. The SAR analysis revealed that C3-O-neoglycosides of digoxigenin exhibited stronger cytotoxicity and induction of Nur77 expression of tumor cells than C3-MeON-neoglycosides. Also, 3β-O-glycosides exhibited stronger anticancer effects than 3α-O-glycosides. Among them, 3β-O-(β-l-fucopyranosyl)-digoxigenin (3i) showed the highest activity on induction of Nur77 expression and translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm, leading to cancer cell apoptosis.

// Xia Lingzi 1, 2 , Yin Zhihua 1, 2 , Li Xuelian 1, 2 , Ren Yangwu 1, 2 , Zhang Haibo 3 , Zhao Yuxia 4 , Zhou Baosen 1, 2 1 Department of Epidemiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, Peoples R China 2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, Peoples R China 3 Department of Radiotherapy, Shenyang North Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, Peoples R China 4 Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, Peoples R China Correspondence to: Zhou Baosen, email: bszhou@mail.cmu.edu.cn Keywords: miRNA, SNP, lung cancer, prognosis, Chinese Received: March 22, 2016 Accepted: October 17, 2016 Published: November 04, 2016 ABSTRACT To investigate the prognostic effect of microRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 658 female participants from northeast China were enrolled in our prospective cohort study and followed up from 2010 to 2015. C-containing genotypes of miR-149 rs2292832 were associated with better overall survival (OS). The joint effect of miR-149 and miR-196a2 and the joint effect of miR-149 and miR-608 were also observed in our study. To verify the function of miR-149 rs2292832, A549 cell lines were stably transfected with lenti-virus containing miR-149-C vector, miR-149-T vector and empty vector. Cells containing C allele assumed a higher expression level of miR-149, a decrease in cell growth and the sensitivity to anticancer drug when compared with cells containing T allele. The role of miR-149 playing in cancer prognosis may function through DNA topoisomerases 1 (TOP1) pathway, according to the results from luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, miR-149 C allele may be a prognostic biomarker for better NSCLC OS.

In this paper,the fingerprint of different varieties of chrysanthemum were established with " Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica" and the content of chlorogenic acid,galuteolin and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in 29 batches of different varieties of chrysanthemum in Futianhe town,Huangtugang town and Wuhan city were compared. At the same time,similarity evaluation and common peak clustering analysis were carried out. There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprints of 29 batches of different varieties of chrysanthemum,and the similarity ranged from 0. 802 to 0. 975. Hangju and Gongju were divided into one group by cluster analysis,and Huangju into another category. The established fingerprint method provides a basis for the identification of chrysanthemum cultivars. The content of 29 batches of chlorogenic acid was between 4. 092 and 11. 723 mg·g-1,luteolin was between 1. 010 and 11. 713 mg·g-1,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was between 8. 828 and 33. 435 mg·g-1,both reach the pharmacopoeia standard,but the effective components of different varieties of chrysanthemum were quite different. Based on the contents of three active ingredients and the diversity of fingerprint peaks,the quality of the characteristic germplasm resource of local Fubaijuin Macheng is superior,and the protection of local characteristic germplasm resource should be strengthened in production.

Background: The survival rate of neonatal giant omphaloceles has improved over the past 10 years, but the mortality rate remains at approximately 50% with traditional treatment. Delivery room surgery refers to a surgical procedure that is performed in the operating room to correct the structural defects of a newborn immediately after birth. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the application of delivery room surgery for giant omphaloceles in East China. Methods: Neonates meeting the inclusion criteria of having omphalocele defects larger than 5 cm or of having most of the liver protruding into the sac were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data were evaluated specifically to determine the role of delivery room surgery in reducing the mortality of newborns with giant omphaloceles (GOs) and to identify factors that could optimize the conditions for traditional operations. A total of 52 newborns with GOs from two tertiary centres of paediatric surgery were identified. The patients were divided into two groups, the delivery room surgery group (group D) and the traditional operation group (group T), based on the perinatal management and time of surgery. Results: There was a significantly higher survival rate in the group D (77.8%) than in the group T (50%). The duration of ventilator use was 8.87 ± 10.12 days in the group D and 9.31 ± 7.75 days in the group T. The time of starting enteral nutrition was 12.88 ± 4.19 days in the group D and 16.75 ± 8.59 days in the group T. Newborns in the group T took more time to reach full enteral feeding. However, we did not find a significant difference in a comparison of the hospitalization time between the two groups (25.1 ± 18.1 days in the group D and 22.4 ± 11.1 days in the group T). Conclusions: The strategy of delivery room surgery appears to improve the survival of newborns with GOs and reduce family burden. A further reduction in mortality rates will depend on promoting the application of the delivery room surgical procedure.

This paper proposed a method that combines wavelet entropy with particle swarm optimized support vector machine to detect hearing loss (HL). The dataset for this task contains 75 images: 25 healthy controls, 25 left-sided hearing loss patients, and 25 right-sided hearing loss patients. The results shows that our method has higher accuracy than some traditional method. The sensitivities over healthy control, left-sided HL patients, and right-sided HL patients are 85.20± 3.79, 85.20± 4.64, and, 86.40± 5.06, respectively. The overall accuracy is 85.60± 0.84.

This paper constructs a self-organizing maps (SOM) neural network model for the anomaly data cleaning in thermal power plant detection. The test data is trained 2000 times so that the vector of each weight is located at the center of the input vector cluster, and the 6*6 competitive network is constructed. The network classifies or eliminates the screening of data, and obtains a healthy sample library that can be used to predict the running state of the machine in the future, achieving a good data cleaning effect.

Table S1. Basic information of the included documents about pandemic influenza preparedness from international organization websites. (DOCX 30 kb)

In order to alleviate the effect of randomness and intermittent of wind power output on safe and stable operation of the power grid and improve system consumptive wind power capacity, the paper introduce carbon emissions trading and energy storage systems to construct the collaborative scheduling optimization model of wind power and energy storage system based on the energy generation scheduling optimization model of wind power and thermal power. Then, 10 thermal power and 2800MW wind farms constitute simulation systems to analyze the impact of carbon trading and energy storage systems on system wind power consumptive capacity. Numerical example shows: The introduction of carbon trading can increase wind power capacity and reduce coal consumption systems; the introduction of the energy storage system can gentle wind power output, suppress power fluctuations; While, system optimization results achieve the best when carbon trading and energy storage systems are introduced at the same time.

Meckel diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract in children. The aim of this study was to review and analyze clinical data on the diagnosis and management of Meckel diverticulum in pediatric patients. The records of 102 pediatric patients (

When EV charging stations access to the distribution network, the charge-discharge behavior responded to the grid demand (V2G) will exert a significant impact on the optimized operation of the distribution network. V2G behavior is often guided by the electrovalence policy. The paper proposes an electrovalence guiding principle based V2G response model to optimize the access feeders and access points of EV charging station. With the aim to reduce network loss and intraday voltage fluctuations, the paper also proposes an optimized planning model of charging station with embedded operation simulation in the distribution network of high photovoltaic permeability. According to the optimized results, the paper analyzes the influence of load curve and PV permeability on the optimization program of charging station, and puts forward the basic principle of charging station access planning. The example shows that the operating efficiency of distribution network is significantly affected by V2G behavior of EV charging station. The V2G behavior of charging station might bring a significant negative impact on the distribution network with inappropriate access program. Research results can be widely used in planning project of charging station connected to distribution network.

Rolling motion, as a typical ocean condition, can induce additional force and change the states of a two-phase flow system. Visualized experiments was carried out on void fraction of air–water flow in a narrow rectangular channel (40 × 3 mm 2 ) under ambient temperature and pressure as well as rolling conditions of 5°-8s, 10°-8s, 15°-8s, 15°-12s, 15°-16s (rolling amplitude-rolling period). The results showed that the void fraction oscillates periodically in rolling motions due to the induced changes in phase distribution and the slip of the interface. In addition, rolling motion gives rise to the reduction of the time-averaged void fraction. The fluctuation amplitude of the void fraction increased with the increase in rolling amplitude and the decrease in rolling period. The distribution parameter under rolling condition was obtained and compared with that under steady state. The influence coefficient K was defined by taking the rolling Reynolds number and gas Reynolds number into consideration. A new correlation for predicting the void fraction was given based on the experimental data.

The stress, strain and stability of slope would be changed if an Electricity transmission tower built on loess slope. In this paper, the distribution of stress, strain characteristic and stability of loess slope in condition of 30 meters height and 45 °slope triggered by action of Electricity transmission tower should be studied, the result shown that stability of loess slope dominated by the initial stress states, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio, strength and shape, structure and load condition etc. the stability distance of transmission line tower be located on loess slope governed by the stability of initial slope and the effect range triggered by tower load, in condition of 30 meters height and 45 °loess slope, the stability distance nearly 20m to 25m.

The paper simplifies the model of STATCOM, then evaluates its impact of access to power grid based on network equation, in this way, proposes a new kind of index named broad effective short circuit ratio (BESCR) based on effective short circuit ratio (ESCR). This index can be used to evaluate the voltage supporting capability of receiving system of single-infeed HVDC and multi-infeed HVDC under weak coupling with STATCOM. Then, the paper uses the maximum power curve (MPC) to validate the availability of the index, gives the relationship between the index and the maximum available power (MAP), and also puts out the index's threshold for system strength discrimination according to simulation results. The index has certain guidance meaning for location selection of the STATCOM in power grid.

The light transmitting cement mortar is to rely on a large number of optical fiber embedded in the block transferring light from the light side surface to the dark side. In this article, the preparation method of light transmitting cement mortar (LTCM) was introduced and the strength and light transmitting properties of LTCM were tested too. The results show that the LTCM can get higher light transmitting ratio and can also achieve, even exceed the light transmitting ratio of the 70g A4 print paper in the light wavelength range of 520~630nm.

The light transmitting cement-based material (LTCM) is a kind of light transmitting new materials. A large number of optical fiber was embedded in the block and transfer light from the light side surface to the dark side. While at present, the composition, structure and performance of LTCM have been reported rarely. The paper studied the preparation method, light transmitting property and compressive strength of LTCM with optical fiber embedded by means of parallel arrange. The results show that, LTCM gets higher light transmitting ratio with appropriate optical fiber filamentous by means of parallel arrange along the light direction. This kind of LTCM can also achieve, even exceed the light transmitting ratio of the 70g A4 print paper in the light wavelength range of 580~640nm.The light transmitting ratio increases and the compressive strength decreases along with the increase of the optical fiber content in volume.

The kinetics and mechanism of the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of glucose with weak adsorption and potassium hydrogen phthalate with strong adsorption on a self-organized and highly ordered TiO2 nanotube array(TNA) were investigated using a thin layer reactor in which the organic compounds were completely and quickly oxidized.The photogenerated current-time(I-t) profiles were used to analyze the microprocesses of the photoelectrochemical catalytic degradation on the TNA electrode.For glucose the I-t curve increased sharply initially and then decreased rapidly followed by a slow decrease.This is due to the weak adsorbability of glucose and it adsorbed slowly onto the surface of the TNA electrode from the bulk solution.However,the I-t curve for potassium hydrogen phthalate had quite a different trend as it increased sharply initially and then continued to increase and then decreased slowly and this was due to the strong adsorbability and mass existence of potassium hydrogen phthalate on the electrode and,in addition,the low degradability of phthalic acid.The adsorption properties and adsorption coefficient of the organic compounds and the reaction mechanism were also analyzed.We conclude that the obtained photoelectrocatalytic oxidation rate of the organic compounds in the thin-layer cell assisted in determining the surface reaction process and the micro-mechanism of organic compound degradation on the TNA electrode.

Solubilities of ribidium tetraphenylborate in water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol and l-octanol at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, 318.15, 328.15 K have been determined by spectrophotometry. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of ribidium tetraphenylborate from water to straight-chain n-alkanols and the primary medium effect of rubidium tetraphenylborate from 288.15 to 328.15 K have been calculated. Furthermore, the contribution of microscopic interactions to the standard Gibbs energy of transfer of rubidium tetraphenylborate in calculated and discussed.

Multi-Instance Multi-Label learning (MIML) is a popular framework for supervised classification where an example is described by multiple instances and associated with multiple labels. Previous MIML approaches have focused on predicting labels for instances. The idea of tackling the problem is to identify its equivalence in the traditional supervised learning framework. Motivated by the recent advancement in deep learning, in this paper, we still consider the problem of predicting labels and attempt to model deep learning in MIML learning framework. The proposed approach enables us to train deep convolutional neural network with images from social networks where images are well labeled, even labeled with several labels or uncorrelated labels. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

P. aegyptiaca is one of the most destructive root parasitic plants worldwide, causing serious damage to many crop species. Under natural conditions P. aegyptiaca seeds must be conditioned and then stimulated by host root exudates before germinating. However, preliminary experiments indicated that TIS108 (a triazole-type inhibitor of strigolactone) and fluridone (FL, an inhibitor of carotenoid-biosynthesis) both stimulated the germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds without a water preconditioning step (i.e. unconditioned seeds). The objective of this study was to use deep RNA sequencing to learn more about the mechanisms by which TIS108 and FL stimulate the germination of unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds. Deep RNA sequencing was performed to compare the mechanisms of germination in the following treatments: (i) unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds with no other treatment, (ii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L TIS108, (iii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L FL + 100 mg/L GA3, (iv) conditioned seeds treated with sterile water, and (v) conditioned seeds treated with 0.03 mg/L GR24. The de novo assembled transcriptome was used to analyze transcriptional dynamics during seed germination. The key gene categories involved in germination were also identified. The results showed that only 119 differentially expressed genes were identified in the conditioned treatment vs TIS108 treatment. This indicated that the vast majority of conditions for germination were met during the conditioning stage. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) played important roles during P. aegyptiaca germination. The common pathway of TIS108, FL+GA3, and GR24 in stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination was the simultaneous reduction in ABA concentrations and increase GA concentrations. These results could potentially aid the identification of more compounds that are capable of stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination. Some potential target sites of TIS108 were also identified in our transcriptome data. The results of this experiment suggest that TIS108 and FL+GA3 could be used to control P. aegyptiaca through suicidal germination.

This paper studies the light scattering and adsorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 porous films used in dye-sensitized solar cells composed of anatase and/or rutile particles by using an optical four-flux radiative transfer model. These light properties are difficult to measure directly on the functioning solar cells and they can not be calculated easily from the first-principle computational or quantitative theoretical evaluations. These simulation results indicate that the light scattering of 1–25 nm TiO2 particles is negligible, but it is effective in the range of 80 and 180 nm. A suitable mixture of small particles (10 nm radius), which are resulted in a large effective surface, and of larger particles (150 nm radius), which are effective light scatterers, have the potential to enhance solar absorption significantly. The rutile crystals have a larger refractive index and thus the light harvest of the mixtures of such larger rutile and relatively small anatase particles is improved in comparison with that of pure anatase films. The light absorption of the 10 μm double-layered films is also examined. A maximal light absorption of double-layered film is gotten when the thickness of the first layer of 10 nm-sized anatase particles is comparable to that of the second larger rutile layer.

Through-casing resistivity logging (TCRL) is a new kind of logging method for formation evaluation, reservoir monitoring and saturation changes tracking. In this paper, the basic principle of TCRL is detailed, and the modified transmission line equation method (MTLEM) is first proposed in China. The MTLEM has been employed to simulate the responses of TCRL, on the basis of which, the effects of formation resistivity, cement and casing on the responses of TCRL are analyzed, and the signals induced in different formations are also calculated, which can help the design of TCRL tool and data processing and interpretation in China.

Because the potential distribution on the metal casing contains the information of metal casing and formations, the change of resistivity of metal casing has an important effect on through-casing resistivity logging responses. The effect due to the change of casing resistivity on the coefficients of transmission line equation (TLE) is considered, and the calculation method of potential distribution on the heterogeneous casing is also given. On the basis of the potential distributions obtained from TLE, through-casing resistivity logging responses of heterogeneous casing are calculated, and the effects of the change of metal casing resistivity on the resistivity logging response are analyzed. The computation results show that the casing change whether thinner or thicker has an obvious effect on the logging responses, and the abnormality of logging response appears where the casing resistance suddenly decreases or increases. The computation results also show that the spacing of electrodes has an important effect on through-casing resistivity logging responses.

Because difference of formation model affects the potential distribution on the metal casing, the resistivity logging response can be obtained through casing by measuring the potentials on the metal casing. In fact, the logging responses are the comprehension effects of complex formation and metal casing, so that in the coefficients of transmission line equation (TLE), we should consider the effects of formation model in radialdirection. In the following, for the formation taking on multi-layer in axial-direction, and step in radial-direction, the resistivity logging responses through casing are researched and discussed, and given the recurrence formulae to compute potential. Using the potential distributions which are obtained by resolving TLE we realize the calculation of conductivity of practice formation model through casing, and give numerical computing examples for difference formation models. The computing results show that: this method has a strong capability to distinguish layer-formations in axial-direction; while, in the radial-direction, for the uniform formation, the conductivity of formation is computed is very approximating to that of formation model, which is able to reveal characteristic of practical formation; for the high conductive formation and the low conductive cement layer, the method has an obvious logging response; for the formation taking on steps in radial-direction, the computing conductivity is comprehension reflect for every layer in radial. The computing examples also show that this method has a fast computing speed (the run time of computing example is less than 1s). For analysis the logging response of multi-layers and block formations, and the design of logging instruments, the research is important significance and useful.

To substitute the non-regular nano-crystalline semiconductor for a novel kind of ordered microstructure is a very important aspect in the domain of dye-sensitized solar cell. One of the researching hotspots is the highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube architecture. As a new type of titania nano-material, titania nanotube arrays have drawn extraordinary attention due to its distinctive morphology, notable photoelectrical and hydro-sensitive performance. At 100% sun the new kind of TiO2 nanotube arrays solar cell exhibits an overall conversion efficiency of 5.44%. This paper introduces the preparation methods of titania nanotube arrays, the existing problems and recent progress in titania nanotube arrays solar cell.

In allusion to the problem of the base-line selecting of distributed aperture coherence-synthetic radar, two types of criterions that the echo-correlated and the echo-coherent are proposed with the mathematic description, and the base-line is computed under typical scene with its application mode, which builds the base for the research and application of this system of radar.

The N-doped TiO2 polycrystalline powder was synthesized through calcining the hydrolysis product of tetra-butyl titanate with ammonia. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 powder with anatase phase calcined at 400 °C was 2.7 times higher than that of Degussa P25 for phenol decomposition under visible light. All samples had mesoporous structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that a trace amount of N atoms remained in the anatase polycrystalline TiO2 powder when calcined at 400 °C as substitutional atoms at the oxygen sites. UV-Vis and EPR analyses indicated that oxygen vacancy states were created during the course of N-doped TiO2 powder formation. It is considered that substitutional N atoms, oxygen vacancy states, large BET surface areas and mesoporous structure are important factors for the N-doped photocatalyst to present a high vis-activity.

Six topoisomers consisting of diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril have been successfully synthesized in one-pot by using a “figure-of-seven” building block through anti-connectivity and syn-connectivity reactions, respectively. The structures of all six topoisomers were first determined by X-ray crystallography. The finding that (±) CT isomers are the dominant products under thermodynamic control can be explained by the calculated relative energies of the six topoisomers. That the (±) CT isomers have the lowest energy is most likely due to the additional intramolecular electrostatic interactions between-NO2 and-OMe groups. The biological activities of the topoisomers were primitively investigated and the results of bioassay showed that the six topoisomers possessed obvious difference of herbicidal activity.

A novel noncyclic crown-type diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril derivative receptor was synthesised and its crystal structure was obtained. The study of its binding behaviour towards neutral guests showed that it can bind hydroquinone, resorcinol and catechol.

Standard Gibbs energies of transfer of potassium tetraphenylborate from water to (water + t -butyl alcohol) (TBA) mixtures at T = 298.15 K have been studied. The mole fractions of TBA in the mixed solvent are 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. The primary medium effect of potassium tetraphenylborate in the mixed solvent is discussed.

H-mode-like phenomenon is observed with positive limiter biasing on the CT-6B Tokamak. Poloidal rotation of plasma in the boundary region is slowed and even changed its direction with positive bias, effect of positive bias on the toroidal rotation is also presented.