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Objective: To explore the situation of patients and the compare the effect between two methods, which are preserving spontaneous breathing without intubation and endotracheal intubation with one lung ventilation in the single-hole thoracoscopic bulla suture. Method: 42 patients who received single-hole thoracoscopic pulmonary bullae suture in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects, including 19 patients who underwent endotracheal intubation and one lung ventilation as the control group and 23 patients who underwent single-hole thoracoscopic pulmonary bullae suture without intubation as the study group. The relevant indexes, postoperative general conditions, complications and pneumothorax recurrence of the two groups were analyzed and observed. Results: In the control group, the scores of anesthesia time (points), resuscitation time (points), surgical visual field score (points), surgical time (points), and surgical bleeding volume (points) were 20.8 ± 4.6, 19.9 ± 7.9, 1.7 ± 0.5, 44.9 ± 7.9, and 11.4 ± 2.4 respectively. In the study group, the scores of anesthesia time (points), resuscitation time (points), surgical visual field score (points), surgical time (points), and scores of surgical bleeding (points) were 17.9 ± 4.3, 15.4 ± 3.4, 1.9 ± 0.4, 48.4 ± 7.1, 10.9 ± 2.2, respectively. There was no statistical difference in surgical visual field score, surgical time and surgical bleeding whereas there was a statistical difference between anesthesia time and resuscitation time. In the control group after operation, VAS score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 (%) after operation, PaCO2 (mmHg) after operation, drainage volume (ML) after operation, feeding time (H) after operation, retention time of thoracic tube after operation (H), WBC (109) on the first day after operation, hospitalization time (d), and total hospitalization cost (RMB 1000) were 2.1 ± 0.7, 98.2 ± 1.4, 42.4 ± 4.9, 139.1 ± 23.1, 6.9 ± 1.6, 37.1 ± 5.4, 7.9 ± 2.1, 6.6 ± 1.3, and 2.6 ± 0.3 respectively. As for the study group, the VAS score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 (%) after operation, PaCO2 (mmHg) after operation, drainage volume (ML) after operation, feeding time (H) after operation, retention time of thoracic tube after operation (H), WBC (109) on the first day after operation, hospitalization time (d), and total hospitalization cost (RMB 1000) were 1.9 ± 0.4, 97.9 ± 1.2, 42.8 ± 5.1, 151.8 ± 21.9, 4.3 ± 1.4, 15.3 ± 2.6, 5.2 ± 2.3, 4.2 ± 1.2, and 1.8 ± 0.4 respectively. Among them, there were no significant differences in visual analog scale (VAS) score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 after operation and PaCO2 after operation between the two groups, but there were significant differences in other factors. The complication rate of the control group was 36.84%, which was significantly higher than that of the study group (4.35%), with statistical difference. The recurrence rate of the control group was 21.05%, which was not significantly different from that of the study group (4.35%). Conclusion: The single-hole thoracoscopic bullae suture without intubation can reduce the anesthesia time and resuscitation time of patients, reduce the hospitalization cost of patients, reduce the treatment burden, shorten the first feeding time, and reduce the complication rate of patients. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Unknown threats have caused severe damage in critical infrastructures. To solve this issue, the graph-based methods have been proposed because of their ability for learning complex interaction patterns of network entities with discrete graph snapshots. However, such methods are challenged by the computer networking model characterized by the natural continuous-time dynamic heterogeneous graph (CDHG). In this paper, we propose a CDHG-based graph neural network model, namely, CDHGN, for unknown threat detection. It first constructs the CDHG using interaction relationships among network entities extracted from various log records. Then, it trains the detection model based on a heterogeneous attention network and performs streaming detection for live online network events. We implement a prototype and conduct extensive experiments on a comprehensive cybersecurity dataset with more than nine million records. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can achieve superior detection performance than the state-of-the-art methods.

Traditional product packaging design mainly relies on the designer's personal experience and intuition, but there are problems such as uncontrollable content and lack of knowledge and guidance in the field of product design. With the development of big data technology, product packaging design in the era of big data is carried out under the support of a large amount of real data, which has high predictability, success rate, and short development cycle. Compared with structured data, unstructured data such as text, images, and audio has a higher value. Among them, text big data and image big data have good application prospects in the field of product packaging design due to their easy data acquisition, mature processing technology, and simple operation. This paper proposes a combination of big data technology and neural style transfer model and proposes an innovative design method for product packaging that can generate high-quality images and controllable content. First, the perceptual engineering theory is used to obtain user needs, to build a mapping model between product modeling elements and product semantics, and to guide the selection of product semantics and style maps; second, use neural style transfer models to reconstruct and combine the color features of style maps. After the integration, it migrated to product packaging design, based on big data product packaging innovation design methods, and developed a product innovation design auxiliary prototype system based on actual needs to improve the company’s R&D and innovation capabilities, shorten product development cycles, and reduce R&D costs. Improve product success rate and user satisfaction.

Pulse tube is one of the main parts of the pulse tube cryocooler. Ideally, the pulse tube works under adiabatic environment without heat transfer loss. But in real case, entropy is generated in the pulse tube itself from heat exchanged with the walls, turbulent mixing of the hot and cold gas segments, circulation of the gas within the tube, and end effect losses from the adiabatic to isothermal transition in the cycle. All these processes reduce the enthalpy flow in the pulse tube from the ideal acoustic power. However, no 1D model can sufficiently simulate these effects in the past. Also, most of the 1D models about the pulse tube part with a heat transfer coefficient is far from accurate, especially for micro pulse tube in which the heat transfer is more obvious. This work revealed that the basic heat transfer changes instantaneously and shows different tendencies in different time of one cycle, and no suitable law or explanation could fare well the phenomenon eventually. The phase angle changes from negative to positive that results in the relatively heat flux along the pulse tube becomes smaller, that could help the pulse tube to make a good performance.

Herein, cubic RuSe2 electrocatalysts with different 1T phase ratios (ranging from 20.53% to 64.97%) and crystallinities (ranging from 1.72% to 89.10%) were developed by a fast and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis method.

Purpose: Enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen antagonist, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy for prostate cancer. This study was performed to provide data to support the combination of enzalutamide and immunotherapy for CRPC treatment.Experimental Design: Male C57BL/6 or TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) prostate cancer model mice were exposed to enzalutamide and/or a therapeutic vaccine targeting Twist, an antigen involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The physiologic and immunologic effects of enzalutamide were characterized. The generation of Twist-specific immunity by Twist-vaccine was assessed. Finally, the combination of enzalutamide and Twist-vaccine to improve TRAMP mice overall survival was evaluated.Results: Enzalutamide mediated immunogenic modulation in TRAMP-C2 cells. In vivo, enzalutamide mediated reduced genitourinary tissue weight, enlargement of the thymus, and increased levels of T-cell excision circles. Because no changes were seen in T-cell function, as determined by CD4+ T-cell proliferation and regulatory T cell (Treg) functional assays, enzalutamide was determined to be immune inert. Enzalutamide did not diminish the ability of Twist-vaccine to generate Twist-specific immunity. Twist was confirmed as a valid tumor antigen in TRAMP mice by immunohistochemistry. The combination of enzalutamide and Twist-vaccine resulted in significantly increased overall survival of TRAMP mice compared with other treatment groups (27.5 vs. 10.3 weeks). Notably, the effectiveness of the combination therapy increased with disease stage, i.e., the greatest survival benefit was seen in mice with advanced-stage prostate tumors.Conclusions: These data support the combination of enzalutamide and immunotherapy as a promising treatment strategy for CRPC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6205–18. ©2013 AACR.

PDF file - 2461K, Supplemental Table 1: Cellular immune responses to multiple tumor antigens after combination therapy with MDV3100 and Twist-vaccine.

The development of electronics and software has resulted in the ability of twin agents to act as digital counterparts for the optimization, control, and monitoring of real power grids. When increasing regulation resources are connected to the power grid, is challenging for independent system operators to use a centralized controller to achieve power tracking and balance. Therefore, the present study applied device-level-based digital twins to monitor physical signals for computer-aided design for power tracking. Moreover, a consensus control-based distributed power tracking system is proposed for the physical-model simulation of the power grid. A communication network was also designed for realistic signal exchange. The combination of the proposed distributed power tracking method and communication network can accelerate computational efficiency and protect the privacy of the regulation resources. Finally, the performance of the proposed distributed power tracking method is validated in a simulation system with 10 regulation resources.

Globally, 80% of the world population use electricity as a prime energy source. Government and private organizations face many challenges in providing efficient power facilities to their customers due to over-population and exponential increase in electricity demands. Furthermore, the abrupt damages in transmission lines pose another big barrier in the form of reliable and safer power transmissions. These line damages become more severe when the transmission infrastructure spans thousands of kilometers. Mostly, it results in life loss (humans and cattle), destruction of homes and crops, over-costing, etc. To address these problems, a hybrid deep learning mechanism is proposed in this research work that can accurately identify the damages in the transmission lines. This model consists of convolution neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) where CNN is used for the classification damaged power-line images, while SVM for the identification and calculating the severity of damaged power-lines using statistical information. Applicability of the model is validated using UAVs and other performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, F-score, error-rate, simulation time, area under curve values, and True–False values. The proposed model outperformed by generating a high recognition rate of 95.57% for the identification of damaged power-lines. The implications of this research work include no humans and cattle life loss, no extra transmission lines management and checkup costs, no destruction of homes crops, etc.

Coal-based graphite has become the main material of emerging industries. The microstructure of coal-based graphite plays an important role in its applications in many fields. In this paper, the effect of carbon disulfide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent mixture extraction on the microstructure of bituminous coal-based graphite was systematically studied through preliminary extraction coupled with high-temperature graphitization. The graphitization degree g (75.65%) of the coal residue-based graphite was significantly higher than that of the raw coal-based graphite. The crystallite size La of the coal residue-based graphite was reduced by 47.06% compared with the raw coal-based graphite. The ID/ IG value of the coal residue-based graphite is smaller than that of the raw coal-based graphite. The specific surface area (16.72 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.0567 m3/g) of the coal residue-based graphite are increased in varying degrees compared with the raw coal-based graphite. This study found a carbon source that can be used to prepare coal-based graphite with high graphitization degree. The results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for further clean and efficient utilization of the coal residue resources.

Colistin was considered as the last-resort drug against severe clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes and its variants carried by plasmids have been reported in diverse niches in recent years, and yet few studies reported carriage of mcr-10 in ECC strains of companion animal origin.

Cerium oxide (CeO

Rust of transmission line fittings is a major hidden risk to transmission safety. Since the fittings located at high altitude are inconvenient to detect and maintain, machine vision techniques have been introduced to realize the intelligent rust detection with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Due to the small size of fittings and disturbance of complex environmental background, however, there are often cases of missing detection and false detection. To improve the detection reliability and robustness, this paper proposes a new robust Faster R-CNN model with feature enhancement mechanism for the rust detection of transmission line fitting. Different from current methods that improve feature representation in front end, this paper adopts an idea of back-end feature enhancement. First, the residual network ResNet-101 is introduced as the backbone network to extract rich discriminative information from the UAV images. Second, a new feature enhancement mechanism is added after the region of interest (ROI) pooling layer. Through calculating the similarity between each region proposal and the others, the feature weights of the region proposals containing target object can be enhanced via the overlaying of the object’s representation. The weight of the disturbance terms can then be relatively reduced. Empirical evaluation is conducted on some real-world UAV monitoring images. The comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of detection precision and recall rate, with the average precision of rust detection 97.07%, indicating that the proposed method can provide an reliable and robust solution for the rust detection.

Lufenuron is an effective benzoylurea insecticide that inhibits the synthesis of chitin and regulates the growth of insects. However, little is known about the effects of lufenuron treatment on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). In this study, we assessed the toxicity of lufenuron on S. frugiperda and evaluated the effects of lufenuron treatment on the growth and development of S. frugiperda. The results showed that lufenuron exhibits high insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda, with the LC

Mobile colistin resistance (

The effects of surface heterogeneities on bubble-particle interactions have received little attention although heterogeneities are common for varieties of substance surfaces. In this work, heterogeneous surfaces consisting of discrete hydrophilic dots on a hydrophobic background were fabricated. The interactions between air bubbles and heterogeneous surfaces with different hydrophilic area fractions were investigated using a high-sensitivity microbalance coupled with a high-speed video camera. It was found that the snap-in, maximum adhesion, and pull-off forces increased as the hydrophilic area fraction decreased. These experimental results were compared with the calculated interaction forces. The comparison between experimental results and the calculated interaction forces showed that the normalized contact line length (δ) should be considered in the calculation of the snap-in force, and its value was between 1 and the δ value corresponding to the maximum pinning strength. In contrast, δ = 1 is more appropriate for the calculation of maximum adhesion force, indicating that the corrugations in the three-phase contact line could be neglected. These findings demonstrate that discrete hydrophilic defects make bubble-surface attachment difficult but have nearly no effect on bubble-surface detachment. Better understanding of the interactions between air bubbles and heterogeneous surfaces potential offers a new thought to control the bubble-particle interactions using appropriately design of particle surfaces.

Estimated to comprise approximately 10% of lung cancer cases, multiple pulmonary lesions pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in thoracic oncology. Distinction between multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) directly affects tumor staging and clinical management. In equivocal cases in which the lesions are histopathologically indistinguishable, targeted sequencing can provide key additional evidence for differential diagnosis. Herein, we describe an unusual patient who presented with seven lung lesions that consisted of primary tumors and metastatic lesions, each showing distinct clonality status based on histomolecular findings. Specifically, the 45-year-old female never-smoker underwent a surgery that removed one invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma and five microinvasive adenocarcinomas. Next-generation sequencing revealed three of the lesions to carry a clonal driver mutation EGFR p.L858R, supporting an IMP diagnosis. EGFR p.L858R was not detected in two other surgical specimens, which instead harbored respective oncogenic BRAF p.G469A and an uncommon EGFR p.G779F. These results led to diagnosis of the two lesions as primary tumors of lineages different from that of the metastases. The patient had achieved a recurrence-free survival of 21 months as of the latest follow-up. In this rare case that presented with evidence of both MPLC and IPM, targeted sequencing proved valuable in facilitating the diagnostic workup.

The modification of Au nanoparticles can improve the antioxidant activity of CeO2, however, nano Au/CeO2 has also met some problems such as low atomic utilization, the limit of reaction conditions, and high cost. Au single atom catalysts can well solve the above-mentioned problems, but there are some contradictory results about the activity of single atom Au1/CeO2 and nano Au/CeO2. Here, we synthesized rod-like Au single atom Au/CeO2 (0.4% Au1/CeO2) and nano Au/CeO2 (1% Au/CeO2, 2% Au/CeO2 and 4% Au/CeO2), and their antioxidant activity from strong to weak is 0.4% Au1/CeO2, 1% Au/CeO2, 2% Au/CeO2 and 4% Au/CeO2, respectively. The higher antioxidant activity of 0.4% Au1/CeO2 is mainly due to the high Au atomic utilization ratio and the stronger charge transfer between Au single atoms and CeO2, resulting in the higher content of Ce3+. Due to the coexistence of Au single atoms and Au NPs in 2% Au/CeO2, the antioxidant activity 2% Au/CeO2 is higher than that of 4% Au/CeO2. And the enhancement effect of Au single atoms was not affected by the concentration of ·OH and material concentration. These results can promote the understanding of the antioxidant activity of 0.4% Au1/CeO2 and promote its application.

When the distribution network is affected by natural disasters or deliberately damaged, failure may cause a large area power outage, which will seriously impact the national economy, social stability, people’s normal life, etc. This paper proposes a composite fault recovery method for the distribution networks based on the maximum-flow method. A service flow model, an information link recovery model, and a multi-objective optimization model are established to effectively solve communication power’s composite fault recovery problem in the distribution network.

Citrobacter braakii is an opportunistic pathogen that induces aquatic infections in fish and turtles. In this study, a bacteriophage that infects C. braakii, named vB_CbrM_HP1, was isolated from sewage. This phage belongs to Myoviridae family, Ounavirinae subfamily, Mooglevirus genus. We also used the phage to treat crucian carp infection caused by C. braakii for the first time. vB_CbrM_HP1 was relatively stable at temperatures ranging from 4 to 60°C and pH values ranging from 3 to 11 but float slightly. When the multiplicities of infection (MOI) was 0.0001, the titer reached a maximum of 4.20 × 1010 PFU/ml. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, the total length of vB_CbrM_HP1 was 89335 bp, encoding 135 ORFs, 9 of which were C. braakii both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, vB_CbrM_HP1 was capable of effectively killing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 4.7 log units at 5 h). In vivo, administration of vB_CbrM_HP1 (1 × 109 PFU) effectively protected crucian carp against fatal infection caused by C. braakii. Phage treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. All these results demonstrated the potential of vB_CbrM_HP1 as an alternative treatment strategy for infections caused by C. braakii.

Objective A colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain isolated from dog feces was characterized in this study. Methods and results A multiplex PCR assay was used to detect the presence of colistin-resistant mcr genes; it was found that E. coli QDFD216 co-harbored the mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes. Whole-genome sequencing and further bioinformatics analysis revealed that E. coli QDFD216 belonged to serotype O176:H11, fimH1311 type and ST132. The resistance genes bla CTX-M-14, mdfA, dfrA3, acrA, acrB, tolc, and sul3 were present in the chromosome. The mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.7 genes were located in two plasmids of different incompatibility groups. mcr-1.1 was carried by a IncX4-type plasmid within an typical IS26-parA-mcr-1.1-pap2 cassette, while mcr-3.7 was encoded by an IncP1-type plasmid with a genetic structure of TnAs2-mcr-3.7-dgkA-IS26. No additional antibiotic resistance genes were carried by either plasmid. Conclusion This is the first report of an E. coli isolate co-harboring a mcr-1.1-carrying IncX4 plasmid and a mcr-3.7-carrying IncP1 plasmid. The evolution and mechanism of mcr gene co-existence need further study to assess its impact on public health.

Background The emergence and prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant bacterial strains in recent years have raised great concerns in clinical medicine. It is urgently needed to develop a cheaper, faster, simpler, sensitive, and specific molecular detection method to identify and monitor the dissemination of the transferable resistant determinants. Methods and results Herein, eight pairs of primers were designed to set up a multiplex PCR method for the rapid and efficient determination of reported mcr genes. This assay can give results within 85 min (35 min for amplification and 50 min for electrophoresis). We validated the feasibility of this assay by testing the presence of mcr genes in 60 colistin-resistant isolates. Conclusion Our multiplex PCR technique exhibits remarkable advantages in the light of clear identification, efficiency of amplification, as well as the time consuming for detection, and thus could be useful for the surveillance and epidemiological research of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance, particularly for the under-resourced laboratories.

The heat exchanger is an important component of pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs). The heat transfer in a cold heat exchanger under periodic unsteady flow is studied with the CFD method. The basic heat transfer mechanism has been explained, including the local heat transfer coefficient, heat flux, the temperature distribution of the narrow tube, and the relation between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number. The regenerative effect of the cold heat exchanger of PTRs has been presented. The cold heat exchanger is cooled down by the low temperature gas due to the oscillating flow, and a temperature gradient is formed inside gradually. The regenerative effect will decrease the expansion work of the PTRs and lower the efficiency of the system, especially under bigger pressure ratio conditions.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause food poisoning and diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. The Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) genes encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) is important for S. Typhimurium invasion and replication in host cells. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic treatment for clinical Salmonella infection has gradually been limited. Anti-virulence inhibitors are a promising alternative to antibiotics because they do not easily induce bacterial antibiotic resistance. Here, we systematically evaluated the therapeutic effect of tannic acid (TA) on Salmonella-infected mice and elucidated its anti-infection mechanism. TA treatment improved the survival rate of S. Typhimurium-infected mice and alleviated cecum pathological lesions. In addition, TA inhibited S. Typhimurium invasion to HeLa cells without affecting their growth. Further studies showed that TA could inhibit the expression of sipA and sipB. This inhibition may be implemented by inhibiting the transcription of key regulatory and structural genes of the T3SS. This study provides an alternative anti-virulence strategy for Salmonella infection treatment.

Developing novel biomaterials integrating robustness and multitasking separation performance are of importance. However, those were limited in application due to the expensive, time-consuming and complex fabrication process. In this work, with the inspiration from high porosity and surface area of natural materials, the porous superhydrophobic melamine sponges (SMS) coated hydrophobic TiO

Hydrogen (H2) energy is an ideal non-polluting renewable energy and can achieve long-term energy storage, which can effectively regulate the intermittence and seasonal fluctuation of solar energy. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) can generate electricity from H2 with only outputs of water, waste heat, and almost no pollution. To solve the power generation instability and discontinuity of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, a hybrid PV-SOFC power generation system has become one feasible solution. The “digital twin”, which integrates physical systems and information technology, offers a new view to deal with the current problems encountered during smart energy development. In particular, an accurate and reliable system model is the basis for achieving this vision. As core components, the reliable modelling of the PV cells and fuel cells (FCs) is crucial to the whole hybrid PV-SOFC power generation system’s optimal and reliable operation, which is based on the reliable identification of unknown model parameters. Hence, in this study, an artificial rabbits optimization (ARO)-based parameter identification strategy was proposed for the accurate modelling of PV cells and SOFCs, which was then validated on the PV double diode model (DDM) and SOFC electrochemical model under various operation scenarios. The simulation results demonstrated that ARO shows a more desirable performance in optimization accuracy and stability compared to other algorithms. For instance, the root mean square error (RMSE) obtained by ARO are 1.81% and 13.11% smaller than that obtained by ABC and WOA algorithms under the DDM of a PV cell. Meanwhile, for SOFC electrochemical model parameter identification under the 5 kW cell stack dataset, the RMSE obtained by ARO was only 2.72% and 4.88% to that of PSO for the (1 atm, 1173 K) and (3 atm, 1273 K) conditions, respectively. By establishing a digital twin model for PV cells and SOFCs, intelligent operation and management of both can be further achieved.

Aluminum alloys have been extensively applied in aerospace field due to their light weight. Some research results show that creep crack growth is one of the main reasons for the failure of aluminum alloys in high temperature service environment. Micro-CT is a novel method to obtain damage information inside materials, which can quantitatively characterize the volume, quantity and distribution of damage. In this paper, the characterization method based on X-ray micro-CT is utilized to study the growth behavior of damage during creep crack growth of 2219 aluminum alloy. The results indicate that the growth of creep cracks requires the existence of small-volume of damages at the crack tip. And creep crack growth rate in the centre of the sample is greater than that on the surface. The existence of large-volume independent branch cracks creates conditions for the unstable propagation of creep cracks. When the crack grows locally, it does not follow the direction vertical to the stress, but preferentially connects with the surrounding damage. Whereas, the creep crack growth will eventually return to the direction perpendicular to the stress under the influence of stress.