Search

Quercetin is a plant-derived polyphenol flavonoid that has been proven to be effective for many diseases. However, the mechanism and

Identification and control of the central adrenal vein (CAV) are key steps in laparoscopic adrenalectomy. However, the retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy (RLLA) lacks identifiable anatomical landmarks and does not have advantage of quickly exposing CAV. Here, we developed surgical maneuver and tactics of using the inferior phrenic vein (IPV) as a landmark in RLLA. During operations, we searched for the IPV between superior margin of renal artery and anterior aspect of psoas major muscle, and then the left IPV was followed and applied as an anatomical landmark to identify the CAV. Moreover, our study showed that variations in the left adrenal venous anatomy occurred in cases with pheochromocytomas. The application of left IPV as a landmark to search for CAV has important clinical significance in RLLA.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively characterize the dosimetric effects of long on-couch time in prostate cancer patients treated with adaptive ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (UHF-RT) on 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR)-linac.Materials and methodsSeventeen patients consecutively treated with UHF-RT on a 1.5-T MR-linac were recruited. A 36.25 Gy dose in five fractions was delivered every other day with a boost of 40 Gy to the whole prostate. We collected data for the following stages: pre-MR, position verification-MR (PV-MR) in the Adapt-To-Shape (ATS) workflow, and 3D-MR during the beam-on phase (Bn-MR) and at the end of RT (post-MR). The target and organ-at-risk contours in the PV-MR, Bn-MR, and post-MR stages were projected from the pre-MR data by deformable image registration and manually adapted by the physician, followed by dose recalculation for the ATS plan.ResultsOverall, 290 MR scans were collected (85 pre-MR, 85 PV-MR, 49 Bn-MR and 71 post-MR scans). With a median on-couch time of 49 minutes, the mean planning target volume (PTV)-V95% of all scans was 97.83 ± 0.13%. The corresponding mean clinical target volume (CTV)-V100% was 99.93 ± 0.30%, 99.32 ± 1.20%, 98.59 ± 1.84%, and 98.69 ± 1.85%. With excellent prostate-V100% dose coverage, the main reason for lower CTV-V100% was slight underdosing of seminal vesicles (SVs). The median V29 Gy change in the rectal wall was -1% (-20%–17%). The V29 Gy of the rectal wall increased by >15% was observed in one scan. A slight increase in the high dose of bladder wall was noted due to gradual bladder growth during the workflow.ConclusionsThis 3D-MR–based dosimetry analysis demonstrated clinically acceptable estimated dose coverage of target volumes during the beam-on period with adaptive ATS workflow on 1.5-T MR-linac, albeit with a relatively long on-couch time. The 3-mm CTV-PTV margin was adequate for prostate irradiation but occasionally insufficient for SVs. More attention should be paid to restricting high-dose RT to the rectal wall when optimizing the ATS plan.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food crop in the world, with significant acreage and production across the globe. However, it is affected by low temperatures throughout its growth process, especially during germination. Therefore, it is important to identify more QTLs or genes associated with germination under low-temperature conditions. For the QTL analysis of traits related to low-temperature germination, we used a high-res genetic map of 213 lines of the intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid (DH) population, which had 6618 bin markers. We detected 28 QTLs of eight phenotypic characteristics associated with low-temperature germination, while they explained the phenotypic contribution rate of 5.4 ~ 13.34%. Additionally, 14 overlapping QTLs produced six QTL clusters on every chromosome, except for 8 and 10. RNA-Seq found six genes related to low-temperature tolerance in these QTLs, while qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression trends of the Zm00001d045568 gene in the LT_BvsLT_M group and the CK_BvsCK_M group were highly significantly different at all four-time points (P

The treatment of expansive soil is always a difficult problem in engineering. Using coal gangue, fly ash, and other solid waste to treat expansive soil has gradually become a new way of energy saving and environmental protection. Most of the existing studies focus on using one or two kinds of admixtures to improve expansive soil, but there are few studies on improving expansive soil with multiple admixtures. In this paper, the expansion and shrinkage deformation and strength characteristics of expansive soil modified by coal gangue, fly ash, and lime are studied experimentally. Nine groups of different mixing schemes were designed through orthogonal tests, and the physical and mechanical properties of the improved expansive soil under different mixing ratios were tested. The sensitivity analysis of the test results was carried out to study the effect of each admixture on the improved expansive soil under different mixing ratios, and the optimal mix ratio under different conditions was obtained. The optimal mix ratio is 8% for coal gangue, 11% for fly ash, and 6% for lime. Further scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were carried out to analyze the microstructure of the improved expansive soil and explore the improvement mechanism of the multiadmixture. The results show that the optimal moisture content and the maximum dry density of the expansive soil with ash are decreased, and the properties of liquid plastic limit, free expansion rate, shear strength, and unconfined compressive strength of the expansive soil are improved obviously. Through the analysis of the comprehensive balance method, it is found that the content of lime has the greatest influence on the improvement effect of expansive soil, followed by that of coal gangue, and the least is that of fly ash. SEM structure analysis reveals that the particles of improved expansive soil are mainly aggregates, the soil structure is dense, particle agglomeration increases, and the overall structure is stronger. The research results can provide reference for the improvement of expansive soil with various admixtures and the resource utilization of coal gangue, fly ash, and other solid wastes.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of online adapt-to-shape (ATS) workflow for prostate cancer patients on 1.5-T MR linac in China. Methods This prospective phase II study enrolled patients with localized or oligometastatic prostate cancer. Ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (UHF-RT) with dose of 36.25-40 Gy in five fractions was delivered every other day. After each fraction, feasibility and tolerability of the treatment were assessed. The primary endpoints were acute grade 2 or above genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities after up to 12 weeks follow-up.Results From March 2021 to November 2021, 26 patients were enrolled (23 with localized prostate cancer, 3 with oligometastatic prostate cancer). For all fractions, the online ATS plans met the dose criteria for both the target volume and normal tissues. The median on-couch time was 55 (34-95) minutes and 39 (24-50) minutes with T2WI 6-minute sequence and 2-minute sequence scans, respectively. For 98.4% fractions, treatment was well tolerated. Twenty-four patients completed treatment and were followed-up for at least 2 weeks. Grade 2 or above GU and GI toxicities occurred in 33.3% and 8.3% patients, respectively; two patients had RTOG grade 3 GU toxicity (hourly nocturia). IPSS remained unchanged during UHF-RT, increased from week 2 (mean, 9.1) to week 4 (mean, 12.4), and then gradually decreased at week 6. Patient-reported urinary and bowel scores were consistent with IPSS.Conclusions UHF-RT with ATS workflow is well tolerated by patients with localized and oligometastatic prostate cancer, with only moderate GU and mild GI toxicities. Trial Registration: NCT05183074, ChiCTR2000033382

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide, resulting in a great disease burden. Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management. In 2018, we issued "Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline". Since then, various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published. There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China. Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions, 24 clinically concerned issues, involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC, and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients, were determined for this guideline. Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases, guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to, and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations. Finally, we issued 29 statements, among which 22 were strong recommendations, and 7 were weak recommendations. These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT, postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy after TURBT, combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT, treatment of carcinoma in situ, radical cystectomy, treatment of NMIBC recurrence, and follow-up and surveillance. We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China, especially for the primary medical institutions.

Based on the Drugdataexpy and the prescription modern application database, this study explored the formulation regularity of ancient and modern prescriptions for the treatment of sinusitis. The Chinese medicinal prescriptions for the treatment of sinusitis with various syndromes were retrieved from the above databases and the corresponding formulation regularity was investigated by frequency analysis, association rule analysis, and factor analysis. Eighty-seven Chinese medicinal prescriptions were included, involving five syndrome types of sinusitis and 160 Chinese medicine, which were mainly effective in releasing exterior, clearing heat, and tonifying deficiency, and acted on the lung meridian due to cold and warm nature and pungent and bitter flavor or on the spleen meridian due to warm nature and pungent flavor. Seventeen core Chinese medicine were screened out by topological data analysis, including Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Magnoliae Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Xanthii Fructus, and Scutellariae Radix. Chinese medicine such as Magnoliae Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, and Xanthii Fructus were commonly used in the treatment of sinusitis of wind-heat in the lung meridian, while the combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Magnoliae Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, etc. was the key compatibility in treating sinusitis of dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach. Six common factors were extracted from the factor analysis of the above two syndrome types. The findings indicate that the exterior-releasing, heat-clearing, and deficiency-tonifying Chinese medicine with cold and warm nature and pungent flavor are preferential options for the clinical treatment of sinusitis. Treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation and key therapeutic principles should be followed.

It is well known that the role of gut microbiota in drug metabolism, especially in oral difficult absorbable drugs. Understanding the gut microbiota could enable us to understand drugs in new ways. The purpose of the study was to investigate explore the metabolites of the anti-prostate cancer drug Abiraterone by examining gut microbiota metabolism and hepatic metabolism in vitro. In this study, five metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) of Abiraterone were discovered using LC/MSn-IT-TOF. Four isomeric metabolites M1-M4 were found in liver microsome. M5 was found in the intestinal contents of Sprague-Dawley rats with a molecular weight of 388.31. Among them, M4 was found to be Abiraterone N-Oxide by comparison with the standard sample. After further comparing the metabolic behavior of Abiraterone in rat gut microbiota and liver microsomes, we delineated the possible metabolic pathways of Abiraterone. In conclusion, Abiraterone is metabolized specifically in liver microsomes and gut microbiota. This study can provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the metabolic mechanism of Abiraterone and guide its rational application in clinic.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among older men, impacting on their quality of life, sexual function, and genitourinary health, and has become an important global burden of disease. Transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) is one of the foremost surgical procedures for the treatment of BPH. It has become well established in clinical practice with good efficacy and safety. In 2018, we issued the guideline "2018 Standard Edition". However much new direct evidence has now emerged and this may change some of previous recommendations. The time is ripe to develop new evidence-based guidelines, so we formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members posed 31 questions relevant to the management of TUPKP for BPH covering the following areas: questions relevant to the perioperative period (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) of TUPKP in the treatment of BPH, postoperative complications and the level of surgeons' surgical skill. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of TUPKP for BPH, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the grade criteria by the European Association of Urology. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of an ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 36 statements. Among them, 23 carried strong recommendations, and 13 carried weak recommendations for the stated procedure. They covered questions relevant to the aforementioned three areas. The preoperative period for TUPKP in the treatment of BPH included indications and contraindications for TUPKP, precautions for preoperative preparation in patients with renal impairment and urinary tract infection due to urinary retention, and preoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics. Questions relevant to the intraoperative period incorporated surgical operation techniques and prevention and management of bladder explosion. The application to different populations incorporating the efficacy and safety of TUPKP in the treatment of normal volume ( 80 ml) and large-volume (≥ 80 ml) BPH compared with transurethral urethral resection prostate, transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate and open prostatectomy; the efficacy and safety of TUPKP in high-risk populations and among people taking anticoagulant (antithrombotic) drugs. Questions relevant to the postoperative period incorporated the time and speed of flushing, the time indwelling catheters are needed, principles of postoperative therapeutic use of antibiotics, follow-up time and follow-up content. Questions related to complications incorporated types of complications and their incidence, postoperative leukocyturia, the treatment measures for the perforation and extravasation of the capsule, transurethral resection syndrome, postoperative bleeding, urinary catheter blockage, bladder spasm, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, urethral stricture, rectal injury during surgery, postoperative erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation. Final questions were related to surgeons' skills when performing TUPKP for the treatment of BPH. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for patients having TUPKP for the treatment of BPH.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. (A) Quantitative of HIF-2α expression levels in 786-O cells stably expressing VHL WT and mutants, with or without treatment of MG132. The western blot images were scanning densitometric values were obtained using ImageJ software. HIF-2α Protein levels were normalized to the loading control β-ACTIN. (B) Interaction of HIF-2α with VHL-WT and mutants after MG132 treatment. (C) Western blot for HIF-2α expression in 786-O cells treated with or without hypoxia mimetic CoCl2 and DMOG. CoCl2 was used at 100 uM final concentration for 6 h, DMOG was used at 1 mM final concentration for 8 h. (D) Immunostaining of FLAG-VHL in 786-O cells with and without MG132 treatment, Scale bars, 50 μm.

Additional file 5: Figure S5. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis identifies significant common (A and B) and distinct Hallmark signatures between VHL-deficiency and VHL-S65P/W (C and D). Gene signatures with FDR

Additional file 6: Table S1. The statistical results of VHL mutations S65P and S65W patients.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. (A-B) GSEA-determined hypoxia (A) or glycolysis (B) pathways with S65P-affected gene signature. Genes are ranked by their expression levels in 786-O cells expressing VHL mutation S65P. Plots in the right of A or B show HIF2α ChIP-seq signals of 5 kb around the transcriptional start sites (TSS) of altered genes in hypoxia (A) or glycolysis (B) pathways. (C) VIM or CDH1 is upregulated or downregulated in KIRC patient samples, respectively.

Additional file 4: Figure S4. (A-C) The sum expression levels of VHL-S65W signature gene set are significantly upregulated in human renal cancers compared to normal kidney samples. (D,E) The sum expression levels of VHL-S65W genetic signature positively correlate with EMT scores in the two independent clinical cohorts of ccRCC patient group.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in real-time PCR analysis.

Additional file 3: Figure S3. (A-D) The sum expression levels of VHL-S65P signature gene set are significantly upregulated in human renal cancers compared to normal kidney samples.

To study the therapeutic effect of lycopene combined with quercetin and curcumin on chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in rats and its underlying mechanism.Thirty-three 6-week-old SD male rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (n = 3), CP/CPPS model control (n = 6), quercetin (n= 6), curcumin (n = 6), lycopene (n = 6) and combination therapy (n = 6). CP/CPPS was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the ventral lobe of the prostate in the latter five groups of rats. After modeling, the rats in the normal and CP/CPPS model control groups were given corn oil by gavage, and those in the latter four groups treated intragastrically with quercetin at 50 mg/kg/d, curcumin at 50 mg/kg/d, lycopene at 10 mg/kg/d, and quercetin + curcumin + lycopene, respectively, once daily for a course of 4 weeks. Then, cardiac blood and prostate tissue samples were collected from the rats for measurement of related indexes.Histopathological changes in the model rats were basically consistent with the characteristics of CP/CPPS. The expressions of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNFα, MCP1 and MIP-1α in the prostate tissue were all dramatically decreased in the quercetin, curcumin, lycopene and combination therapy groups compared with those in the normal controls (P0.01), even lower in the combination therapy group than in the quercetin, curcumin and lycopene groups (P0.05). The activities of the oxides CAT, GSH-PX and T-SOD were significantly increased and that of MDA decreased in the four treatment groups (P0.05), even more significantly in the combination therapy group than in the other three (P0.01). The phosphorylation of MAPKs was inhibited, the activation of NF-kB blocked and the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 enhanced in the four treatment groups (P0.05), even more significantly in the combination therapy group (P0.01). Conclusions: Lycopene combined with quercetin and curcumin is more effective than any of the three drugs used alone in the treatment of CP/CPPS, which may be associated with its alleviation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by interaction between the NF-κB, MAPKs and Nrf2 signaling pathways.?

Optical frequency combs are fundamentally important in precision measurement physics, bringing unprecedented capabilities of measurements for time keeping, metrology, and spectroscopy. In this work, we investigate theoretically the formation of a form of frequency combs in cavity optomagnonics, in which a ferrimagnetic insulator sphere supports optical whispering gallery modes for both light photons and magnons. Numerical simulations of the optomagnonic dynamics show that a robust frequency comb can be obtained at low power under the bichromatic pumping drive, and the comb spacing is adjustable. Furthermore, the optomagnonic frequency comb structure has abundant non-perturbative features, suggesting that the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering process in cavity optomagnonics may also exhibit phenomena similar to those in atomic–molecular systems. In addition to providing insight into optomagnonic nonlinearity, optomagnonic frequency combs may also provide the feasibility of implementing frequency combs based on spintronic platforms and may find applications for precision metrology based on magnonic devices.

An analogous Kerr nonlinearity of a magnon would be a subject of interest and plays an important role in researching the interactions between the magnons and photons. Using the experimentally achievable parameters, we present a perturbed approach to deal with the nonlinear dynamics of magnon polaritons and obtain analytical formulas to understand the physical picture of magnon induced second-order sideband generation. We prove that this effect is modified by either adjusting the microwave drive power and the Kerr coefficient or the coupling strength. The numerical calculations of the system dynamic equations show an excellent agreement with our analytical results. In particular, an optimal parameter area is proposed, in which the signal of magnon-induced second-order sideband generation is robust. In addition to providing insight into the nonlinear interactions between the magnons and photons, our results may also offer attractive new prospects for the development of the magnon frequency comb.

Nanomechanical oscillator has attracted considerable attention in mass sensing applications because of its ability to connect mass variation and frequency change on mechanical oscillator. Here, using the exact same parameters with previous work based on the linearized dynamics of the optomechanical interactions, we show that the frequency shift of optomechanically induced second-order sideband is more sensitive to the mass change of mechanical oscillator. The proposed method may offer an approach to open up a broad application prospect for on-chip optomechanical devices in sensors by virtue of the achievable intrinsic optomechanical nonlinearity in the weak coupling regime under the currently existing experimental technique.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC). Methods The clinical and pathological data of 126 patients with ChRCC treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients included 64 males and 62 females,with the age of 22-80 years(median of 52 years).The tumor was located on the right side in 70 cases and on the left side in 56 cases.Ultrasound,CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were performed.Of the 110 cases receiving ultrasound examination,63,23,13,10,and 1 cases showed hypoecho,hyperecho,isoecho,uneven or mixed echo,and dark hypoecho,respectively.Color Doppler flow imaging showed no blood flow signal in 42 cases and low blood flow signal in 60 cases out of 68 cases with blood flow signal.Among the 54 cases receiving CT,50 cases showed equal density or low density and 4 cases showed high density with clear boundary.The enhanced scanning showed mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement,mostly below the renal parenchyma,and still showed reinforcement in the delayed period.Among the 97 cases receiving MRI,96 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals and 1 case showed hyperintense signal in T1 weighted images;71 cases showed hyper-or isointense signals and 26 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals in T2 weighted images;93 cases showed hyperintense signals with obvious limited diffusion and 4 cases showed unobvious limited diffusion in diffusion weighted images.Mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement was observed in most of the enhanced scans.All the 126 patients underwent surgical treatment,including 64 cases of nephron sparing surgery and 62 cases of radical surgery.Pathological examinations confirmed ChRCC for all the patients,including 91 cases of T1N0M0,15 cases of T2N0M0,and 20 cases of T3N0M0.The immunohistochemical assay demonstrated the positive expression rate of 48.2%(54/112)for CD10,92.3%(96/104)for CD117,8.0%(9/112)for vimentin,85.6%(95/111)for CK7,and 97.6%(83/85)for colloidal iron.Conclusions ChRCC is less common,with low level of malignancy and good prognosis.Since the clinical symptoms of ChRCC are not typical,MRI is an important means of imaging differential diagnosis,and the disease can be confirmed depending on pathological diagnosis.Surgery is the preferred treatment method,and currently there is no standard treatment regimen for metastatic patients.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. The effect of JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) on T24 cells. p-JAK2, p-P65, and p-IKB were downregulated when T24 cells were treated with AZD1480. *P

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure 3. The effect of JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) on bladder cancer cells. AZD1480 inhibited the cell viability and induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. *P

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. The AR-V7 positive rates of nmHSPC reported in published studies*. Supplementary Table 2. Univariate Cox analyses of PFS, OS and CSS in patients received AHT. Univariate Cox analyses of PFS, OS and CSS in patients received AHT.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. The effect of HPP-treated macrophage on normal bladder epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1). The conditioned mediums from HPP-treated macrophage have no effect on normal cells while LPS-activated macrophage is not. *P

Additional file 1. Definitions and references of some abbreviations in the article.

The bioavailability of flavonoids is generally low after oral administration. The metabolic transformation of flavonoids by the gut microbiota may be one of the main reasons for this, although these metabolites have potential pharmacological activities. Liquiritigenin is an important dihydroflavonoid compound found in Glycyrrhiza uralensis that has a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-AIDS effects, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study explored the metabolites of liquiritigenin by examining gut microbiota metabolism and hepatic metabolism in vitro. Using LC-MS/MS and LC/MSn-IT-TOF techniques, three possible metabolites of liquiritigenin metabolized by the gut microbiota were identified: phloretic acid (M3), resorcinol (M4), and M5. M5 is speculated to be davidigenin, which has antitumor activity. By comparing these two metabolic pathways of liquiritigenin (the gut microbiota and liver microsomes), this study revealed that there are three main metabolites of liquiritigenin generated by intestinal bacteria, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of pharmacologically active substances in vivo.

Purpose-As of March 2020, this paper collected 41 prescriptions for Covid-19 in official reports, and used machine learning and knowledge graph technology to discover the rules of common prescription medication for Covid-19 and the Chinese medicinal herb groups applicable to different groups of people to help the TCM prescriptions for the clinical treatment of Covid-19. Methods-The FP-Growth algorithm was used to analyze the properties, tastes, and meridian tropism of Chinese medicinal herb groups in prescription data, constructing a knowledge graph for Covid-19 description and mining the prescription medication rules.Results-In the 41 pieces of prescription, patients in medical observation period were treated with Chinese medicinal herbs that can relieve exterior syndromes and stop vomiting, such as Radix Saposhnikoviae, Semen Sojae Preparatum, etc. Those with mild common syndromes were treated with heat-clearing and detoxicating Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, etc. Infected patients were treated with Chinese medicinal herbs such as Radix Glycyrrhizae, Herba Asari, etc., which can dissolve phlegm, relieve cough and invigorate the spleen, relieve pain, expel wind syndromes, relieve exterior symptoms and help digesting. Conclusion-Combining machine learning and knowledge graph technology to analyze the data characteristics of common prescriptions used by different populations can help analyze the core medication mechanism of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) treatment of different populations with the same disease.

Traditional video coding standards, such as HEVC and VVC, have achieved significant compression performance. To further improve the coding efficiency, a post-processing network is proposed to enhance the compressed frames in this paper. Specifically, the proposed network, namely DIA_Net, contains multiple inception blocks, attention mechanism and dense residual structure. The DIA_Net can efficiently extract information of multiple scale and fully exploit the extracted feature to improve image quality. In addition, the DIA_Net is integrated into the latest test model of VVC (VTM-8.0) to post-process the reconstructed frames of the decoder for better compression performance. The proposed scheme has achieved the best performance in the sense of PSNR at the similar bitrate in the validation sets of challenge on learned image compression (CLIC), which demonstrates the superiority of our approach.

To evaluate the clinical effects of plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKERP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of BPH.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 78 BPH patients treated by PKERP (n = 38) or HoLEP (n = 40) from January 2016 to October 2017. We recorded the operation time, intraoperative hemoglobin level, catheter-indwelling time, bladder irrigation time, hospital stay, 6-month postoperative IPSS, quality of life (QOL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR), PSA level, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and postoperative complications, and compared the obtained parameters between the two groups and some of them with the baseline.In comparison with the baseline, both the PKERP and HoLEP groups showed statistically significant differences at 6 months after surgery in the QOL score (4.82 ± 0.56 and 4.70 ± 0.67 vs 2.44 ± 0.69 and 2.92 ± 0.49, P0.01), IPSS (19.52 ± 4.96 and 19.44 ± 4.08 vs 9.56 ± 2.5 and 9.81 ± 2.5, P0.01), Qmax (［4.54 ± 1.86］ and ［4.42 ± 2.89］ ml/s vs ［17.72 ± 3.46］ and ［17.27 ± 4.42］ ml/s, P0.01), and PVR (［83.73±55.33］ and ［109.65 ± 89.58］ ml vs ［19.93 ± 11.07］ and ［18.31 ± 15.03］ ml, P0.01). Statistically significant differences were also found between the PKERP and HoLEP groups in the reduced hemoglobin level (［21.04 ± 16.96］ vs ［7.88 ± 6.65］ g/dl, P = 0.01), catheter-indwelling time (［7.67 ± 2.27］ vs ［3.93 ± 2.18］ d, P = 0.01), bladder irrigation time (［1.67 ± 0.62］ vs ［1.3 ± 0.54］ d, P = 0.05), hospital stay (［4.22 ± 1.55］ vs ［3.26 ± 0.9］ d, P = 0.01), and 6-month postoperative QOL score (［2.44 ± 0.69］ vs ［2.92 ± 0.49］, P = 0.05), but not in the other parameters.Both PKERP and HoLEP are safe and effective for the treatment of BPH, the former more feasible in primary hospitals, while the latter with the advantages of less bleeding, shorter catheterization and hospital stay, and higher 6-month postoperative QOL score.

Non-Hermitian physics basically due to the interplay between gain and loss has attracted considerable attention in the context of understanding various brand-new and counterintuitive physical phenomena. The major emphasis of this work is concerned with the chirality properties of chaotic motion in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator based on nanoparticle-induced non-Hermitian mode coupling, which will be a challenging endeavor that is rarely presented in previous literature. By operating the nanoparticles in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator, we achieved a dynamic control of chaotic behavior, and a rather more exotic finding is that the chaotic motion features chiral characteristics. Our results provide insight into nonlinear nano-optomechanics and fundamentally broaden the regime of chaotic dynamics. In addition, the proposal of chiral light chaos may offer attractive new prospects for the development of on-chip manipulation of chaotic light propagation and chiral photonic crystals, and could affect nanoscientific fields beyond optics.

Realizing the precise measurement of the magnetic field is of great significance in many fields, including optics, metrology, bioscience, and engineering technology. With the development of nanophotonics, optomechanical systems have provided an on-chip platform to explore new availability for high-sensitivity measurement due to its extreme sensitivity on weak force [ Ref. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 509 (2012) ]. In this paper, a theoretical scheme for precision measurement of magnetic field based on a nonlinear optomechanical effect: second-order sideband generation in a hybrid electromagnetic-optomechanical system is proposed. We find that the system exhibits a kenspeckle magnetic-field-dependent generation of the frequency component at the second-order sideband, which is more sensitive than the previous paper based on optomechanically induced transparency. Numerical calculations show that the measurement accuracy of the magnetic field in our scheme may reach the order of nT or even smaller, so our findings will provide a more accurate solution for the precise measurement of magnetic fields.

This paper presents a novel method for movement disorder detection using a single Kinect sensor. Numerous recent studies have focused on gait analysis involving spatiotemporal parameters, such as the step length and gait cycle. However, these methods ignore significant kinematic information, e.g., leg swing characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, we 1) introduce a new concept called gait symmetry to measure the similarity of leg swing motions using the correlation among the angles formed by the hip, knee, and ankle joints; 2) extract the step length and gait cycle using a zero-crossing detection method; and 3) explore the K-means and Bayesian methods to conduct a combined gait analysis using the three extracted gait parameters. In addition, to reduce the effects of walking differences related to age and gender, we conduct a gait analysis of different age and gender groups. In our experiments, we collect a data set consisting of data from 120 participants (50 with disordered walking patterns and 70 with normal walking patterns). The experimental results show that 1) including the proposed gait symmetry parameter greatly improves detection accuracy, 2) joint utilization of the three gait parameters can enable significantly better performance, and 3) considering age and gender information can enable more robust detection.

In this paper, carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) was obtained by carboxyl modification of konjac glucomannan. Then CMKGM and chitosan (CS) were crosslinked and freeze-dried to prepare CMKGM/CS composite sponges with different proportions. The structure and micromorphology of CMKGM/CS sponges were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The SEM results showed that the pore structure of the composite sponge gradually increased with the increase of CMKGM content. To assess the applicability of CMKGM/CS composite sponges as wound dressing, the swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), biocompatibility (cytotoxicity and hemolysis) were analyzed. The results indicated that CMKGM/CS composite sponges possessed high swelling ratio, proper WVTR and good biocompatibility, which might accelerate tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CMKGM/CS composite sponges could effectively heal full-layer wound of skin defects of male ICR mice.

An optomechanical system combining a Coulomb interaction degree of freedom provides a unique platform for precision measurement of electrical charges via the optomechanically induced transparency. A new property of a second-order sideband in a double-oscillator optomechanical system is investigated beyond the conventional linearized description of optomechanical interaction. The results show that the single-second-order sideband will split into the double-second-order sideband under a weak driving field, and the separation of the split second-order sideband shows a strong dependence on the Coulomb coupling strength. Based on the current experimental conditions, such a Coulomb-interaction-induced split of the second-order sideband may enable an all-optical sensor for precision measurement of the Coulomb coupling strength with lower power.

To reduce the overgrowth of marine organisms on titanium alloy, this paper presents an antifouling scheme to process ceramic coatings on Ti6Al4V (TC4) using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) combined with nanotechnology. In the study, different concentrations of Cu2O nanoparticles are added into the electrolytes prepared for MAO process to produce the ceramic coatings. The antifouling performances of the samples are observed by scanning election microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that nanoparticles of Cu2O are found in the coating films and the antifouling performance of titanium alloy after MAO treatment is obviously enhanced, in which antibacterial rate is up to 95.25%. The Ti-MAO-10.0g/LCu2O group has the highest antibacterial rate of 99.74%.

Recently, deep learning technology has made significant progresses in high efficiency video coding (HEVC), especially in in-loop filter. In this paper, we propose a dense inception attention network (DIA_Net) to delve into image information and model capacity. The DIA_Net contains multiple inception blocks which have different size kernels so as to dig out various scales information. Meanwhile, attention mechanism including spatial attention and channel attention is utilized to fully exploit feature information. Further we adopt a dense residual structure to deepen the network. We attach DIA_Net to the end of in-loop filter part in HEVC as a post-processor and apply it to luma components. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed DIA_Net has remarkable improvement over the standard HEVC. With all-intra(AI) and random access(RA) configurations, It achieves 8.2% bd-rate reduction in AI configuration and 5.6% bd-rate reduction in RA configuration.

Recently, the conception of PT symmetry has attracted considerable attention in various fields such as optics, acoustics, and atomic physics because of the existence of exceptional point (EP) and its importance in understanding non-Hermitian physics. Here, we propose a new scheme of investigating the mechanical-EP-induced transparency and tunable fast-to-slow light phenomena in PT-symmetric mechanical systems. We find that (i) the transmission of the probe field changes from singleto double transparency windows via the transition from a broken mechanical PT-symmetric phase to an unbroken mechanical PT-symmetric phase; (ii) the efficiency of transparency can be significantly enhanced about three orders of magnitude in the vicinity of the mechanical EP, compared to passive mechanical resonators system; and (iii) the mechanical EP can not only amplify the group delay, but also manipulate the switch from slow light to fast light, which may offer an approach to achieve the practical application of slow light and relevant to the optical switcher and communication network. Our results reveal that the exotic properties of the mechanical EP can result in enormous enhancement of the transmitted probe power and novel steering of fast and slow light.

The implementation of a single magnon level quantum manipulation is one of the fundamental targets in quantum magnetism with a significant practical relevance for precision metrology, quantum information processing, and quantum simulation. Here, we demonstrate theoretically the feasibility of using a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor quantum system to prepare a single magnon source based on magnon blockade effects. By numerically solving the quantum master equation, we show that the second-order correlation function of the magnon mode depends crucially on the relation between the qubit-magnon coupling strength and the driving detuning, and simultaneously signatures of the magnon blockade appear only under quite stringent conditions of a cryogenic temperature. In addition to providing perception into the quantum phenomena of magnon, the study of magnon blockade effects will help to develop novel technologies for exploring the undiscovered magnon traits at the quantum level and may find applications in designing single magnon emitters.

Due to the limitations of understanding of geological parameters of oil and gas reservoirs, there is an uncertainty in the results of OOIP calculation. Study the oilfield OOIP distribution probability distribution and the sensitivity of relevant key parameters are quite meaningful to make development plan. In this paper, in the process of volumetric calculation based on the oilfield geological model, according to the actual geological conditions of the oilfield, the geological parameters with uncertainty are selected as variables for the uncertainty analysis, the variable types and distribution parameters are reasonably defined. The Monte Carlo sampling method with inplantation of Latin Hypercube principle principle obtains the probability distribution of the geological reserves of the oil field, and evaluates the sensitivity of the various variables to the OOIP. The results provide the recommended P50 geological reserves. This paper shows that analyzing the key influencing parameters of OOIP calculation and setting the variables reasonably, the Monte Carlo-Latin Hypercube sampling method can provide a representative probability distribution with limited sampling count, and can effectively evaluate OOIP uncertainty. Thus, give the recommended OOIP and relivant geological models for numerical simulation research.

Micro arc oxidation (MAO), as a new special surface treatment method, has been introduced to the marine antifouling field for titanium alloys because of the anatase and rutile TiO 2 with antibacterial effects obtained during the oxidation process. Despite this, metallic oxide antifouling additives have been added into MAO coatings to improve the antibacterial and antifouling abilities of titanium alloy. In this study, MAO coatings containing nanometer particles were obtained by adding nano Cu 2 O and nano ZnO into the electrolyte. Structure, morphology, phase constitution and chemical composition of the MAO coating film were studied by SEM, XRD and EDS. The antibacterial properties of the film were evaluated by exposing the specimens to Escherichia coli and comparing the Ti-MAO and Ti-bared controls. The results showed that the MAO process on Ti6Al4V has an outstanding antibacterial property which can be further enhanced by nano Cu 2 O and nano ZnO. The Ti-MAO–Cu 2 O group had the best antibacterial ability. These findings indicate that by means of this process adding nanometer metallic oxide into an MAO coating film via an electrolyte is useful for enhancing the antibacterial and antifouling abilities of titanium.

Recent research on parity-time- (𝒫𝒯-) symmetric optical structures have exhibited great potential for achieving distinctive optical behaviour which is unattainable with ordinary optical systems. Here we propose a 𝒫𝒯-symmetric cavity-magnon system consisting of active cavity mode strongly interacting with magnon to study magnon-induced transparency (MIT) and amplification (MIA) by exploiting recent microwave-cavity-engineered ferromagnetic magnons. We find that (i) due to the gain-induced enhancement of coherent coupling between the cavity field and the magnon, the transmitted probe power is remarkably enhanced about four orders of magnitude and the bandwidth also becomes much narrower, compared to passive cavity system. (ii) More importantly, the light transmission can be well controlled by adjusting the applied magnetic field without changing other parameters, and a Lorentzian-like spectra can be established between the transmitted probe power and the external magnetic field, which provides an additional degree of freedom to realize the coherent manipulation of optical transparency and amplification. Our results may offer an approach to make a low-power magnetic-field-controlled optical amplifier in 𝒫𝒯-symmetric cavity-magnon system.

Realizing a convenient way to control the phonon laser action is of great importance and may find applications in phonon laser devices engineering. Here we propose a vector parity time (PT)-symmetric optomechanical system to study the phonon laser action. We find that there is a specific region for the optimum mechanical gain appearing in parameter areas of the cavity gain and loss. The intensity of phonon laser action can be well controlled by adjusting the polarization of the pump field. The threshold value of phonon laser action manifests as a function relationship of the polarization direction θ. Furthermore, an ultralow threshold (even if threshold less) can be obtained around the exceptional point with the gain–loss balance. Our results indicate that the intensity and threshold of the phonon laser action can be continuously adjusted by only tuning the photon polarization, which provides a new degree of freedom to realize phonon laser regulation. A phonon laser is the mechanical equivalent of an optical laser and has potential application in precise, non-destructive imaging techniques. The authors theoretically demonstrate that the features of a phonon laser can be controlled by the polarization of light.

This paper presents a sitting posture detection method based on a depth sensor. Effectively detecting bad sitting posture can help protect eyesight and prevent cervical spondylosis. Yet most current approaches conduct the sitting detection with traditional sensors, which leads to inferior performance. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel method based on a depth sensor, in which we 1) model the sitting posture by splitting body profile and locating six body joints, 2) extract two kinds of features: relative topological characters and local edge features, and 3) jointly fuse the two features for sitting posture detection. The proposed method is tested on our 3D sitting posture dataset, which includes 18 individuals, and totally 9 different sitting postures. The experimental results show that, using an adaptively fusion of the joints features, this method performs a high accuracy (more than 94%) and achieves a real-time detection (17 fps).