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Introducing magnetic order into a topological insulator via the magnetic proximity effect can break the time-reversal symmetry of the topological surface states, resulting in a variety of exotic physical phenomena that are expected to be applied in spintronic devices. However, in the topological insulator/ferromagnet heterostructures obtained so far, the interfacial hybridization is too weak and difficult to induce sufficiently strong magnetism in the topological insulator. In this work, we investigate the electrical transport properties of Bi2Te3 (Sb2Te3)/SrRuO3 heterostructures and demonstrate the presence of the magnetic proximity effect in them. The Curie temperature of Bi2Te3 (Sb2Te3)/SrRuO3 heterostructures was found to be increased by about 25 K. The coercive field was suppressed in the magnetoresistance; the Hall curves of Bi2Te3 (Sb2Te3)/SrRuO3 heterostructures exhibited different orientations and appeared non-linear behavior at high fields, and the anisotropic magnetoresistance changed from twofold rotational symmetry to quadruple symmetry. These provide direct evidence for the emergence of the magnetic proximity effect. This work will help to study the magnetic proximity effect in the topological insulators and paves the way for spintronic devices in the future.

Breast fibroepithelial lesions (FEL) are biphasic tumors which consist of benign fibroadenomas (FAs) and the rarer phyllodes tumors (PTs). FAs and PTs have overlapping features, but have different clinical management, which makes correct core biopsy diagnosis important. This study used whole-slide images (WSIs) of 187 FA and 100 PT core biopsies, to investigate the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in FEL diagnosis. A total of 9228 FA patches and 6443 PT patches was generated from WSIs of the training subset, with each patch being 224 × 224 pixel in size. Our model employed a two-stage architecture comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) component for feature extraction from the patches, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) component for whole-slide classification using activation values from the global average pooling layer in the CNN model. It achieved an overall slide-level accuracy of 87.5%, with accuracies of 80% and 95% for FA and PT slides respectively. This affirms the potential role of AI in diagnostic discrimination between FA and PT on core biopsies which may be further refined for use in routine practice. An artificial intelligence (AI) model was developed to discriminate between fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors on core biopsy images. It employed a two-stage architecture comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) component for feature extraction, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) component for whole-slide classification, with an overall slide-level accuracy of 87.5%.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Length (a) and genome coverage (b) of substituted segments in 208 rice single segment substitution lines (SSSLs). cM, centimorgan. Figure S2. Phenotypic variation of LTG between recipient parent HJX74 and different SSSLs. S6, S15, S22 were three representative SSSLs with good LTG values. Pictures were taken on the 6th, 8th, and 10th day after sowing. Bars=1 cm. Figure S3. Temporal and spatial expression profiles of candidate genes in qLTG3a region. All expression data were prepared by the public tool RiceXPro ( http://ricexpro.dna.affrc.go.jp/ ). The grey boxes mean no expression data. The heat map was made by TBtools (v1.089). Table S1. Summary the donors and substituted segments distribution of 208 SSSLs. Table S2. The sequence of primers used in this study. Table S3. ANOVA analysis of the mean LTG values of HJX74 in different blocks of each cropping season. Table S4. LTG of HJX74 and 24 SSSLs at 15��C in four cropping seasons. Table S5. Summary of genotypic means for germination and genetic effects of markers segregating in progeny lines derived from selected recombinants for qLTG3a region. Table S6. The RAP ID, MSU ID and R498 (Shuhui498) ID of candidate genes. Table S7. Nonsynonymous SNP variations (��SNP-index > 0.8) of candidate genes in the qLTG3a locus. Table S8. Indel variations (��InDel-index > 0.8) in the upstream and exonic regions of candidate genes in the qLTG3a locus.

With the development of infrared payload technology, the resolution is gradually improved, which makes it possible for infrared payload to detect marine ship targets all-weather. However, due to the influence of atmosphere, ocean thermal radiation, detector noise and other factors, ship targets appear as small targets with low SNR in infrared image. How to recognize the infrared ship in the complex background is a difficult problem. For the infrared ship target, the land and the sea need to be segmented first. For the situation in which the sea-land boundary is not obvious, for example, when the coastal area is covered by clouds or the water depth is shallow, it is difficult to use the traditional methods such as region growing method to realize the sea-land segmentation. For the sea-land segmentation of complex background mentioned above, this paper proposes a real-time positioning and matching method based on blocks combined with power spectrum statistics, regional growth and GIS database template, which realizes the sea-land segmentation of satellite infrared image with low SNR and low contrast.

Web services run in an open, heterogeneous and multi-tenant network environment, which makes the QoS of services uncertain and difficult to be described by a known probability distribution. Therefore, the calculation of QoS aggregation for composite services is facing challenges. This paper presents a new method for the aggregation calculation of composite services. In this method, the QoS of Web services is characterized by the sample space formed by their historical records, and a clustering method is adopted to control the number of samples in the sample space, so as to avoid the problem of combinatorial explosion during the process of aggregation calculation. This method does not need to limit the distribution of QoS, and is suitable for the composite services described by various common workflows and all kinds of QoS attributes. Experiments show that our method has advantages in terms of time cost and computational accuracy compared with the existing methods.

Tumor purity is the percentage of cancer cells within a tissue section. Pathologists estimate tumor purity to select samples for genomic analysis by manually reading hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained slides, which is tedious, time consuming, and prone to inter-observer variability. Besides, pathologists' estimates do not correlate well with genomic tumor purity values, which are inferred from genomic data and accepted as accurate for downstream analysis. We developed a deep multiple instance learning model predicting tumor purity from HE-stained digital histopathology slides. Our model successfully predicted tumor purity in eight The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and a local Singapore cohort. The predictions were highly consistent with genomic tumor purity values. Thus, our model can be utilized to select samples for genomic analysis, which will help reduce pathologists' workload and decrease inter-observer variability. Furthermore, our model provided tumor purity maps showing the spatial variation within sections. They can help better understand the tumor microenvironment.

Clinical diagnosis and treatment for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have advanced greatly in recent years. However, CGD patients in China have unique clinical features and infection spectrums, which are challenging to their caretakers. Here, we summarized the clinical characteristics, genetic features, treatment, and prognosis of CGD in a single center in Shanghai. One hundred sixty-nine CGD patients were recruited between January 2004 and May 2017 based on clinical diagnosis. Electronic medical charts were reviewed to collect clinical data. Among the 169 patients recruited, CYBB mutations were identified in 150 cases, whereas CYBA mutations were identified in 7 cases, NCF1 in 5, and NCF2 in 7. The medium age at onset was 1 month (interquartile range 1–3). The medium age at diagnosis was 8 months (interquartile range 3–19). The most common infection sites were the lung (95.9%), lymph node (58.5%), skin (45.4%), intestinal (43.1%), and perianal (38.5%). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infections were common (59.2%). In addition, other non-infectious complications were also common, including anemia (55.4%) and impaired liver functions (34.6%). Thirty-one patients received stem cell transplantation. By the end of this study, 83/131 patients survived. Similar to other non-consanguineous populations, X-linked CGD accounted for the majority of the cases in China. However, BCG infections were a clinical challenge unique to China. In addition, severe infections were the major cause of death and the overall mortality was still high in China.

Black phosphorus (BP) has recently attracted considerable attention due to its unique structure and fascinating optical and electronic properties as well as possible applications in photothermal agents. However, its main drawback is rapid degradation in ambient environments of H2O and O2, which has led to much research on the improvement of its stability. Unfortunately, this research has not shown great improvement in carrier mobilities. Here, we perform scanning tunneling microscopy observations of few-layer BP (FLBP) sheets exfoliated in ultrahigh vacuum and reveal, for the first time, the existence of lattice oxygen introduced during crystal growth. As a proof-of-concept application, hydrogenation is conducted to remove the lattice oxygen atoms followed by phosphorization, which repairs the phosphorous vacancies caused by mechanical exfoliation and hydrogenation. The resulting FLBP sheets show high ambipolar field-effect mobilities of 1374 cm2 V–1 s–1 for holes and 607 cm2 V–1 s–1 for electrons at 2 K....

Tryptophan is one of the most extensively used amino acids in livestock industry owing to its effectiveness in enhancing the growth performance of animals. Conventionally, the production of tryptophan relies heavily on genetically modified Escherichia coli but its pathogenicity is a great concern. Our recent study demonstrated that a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 that isolated from Malaysian food was a promising tryptophan producer. However, the tryptophan production must enhance further for viable industrial application. Hence, the current study evaluated the effects of medium components and optimized the medium composition for tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 statistically using Plackett-Burman Design, and Central Composite Design. The optimized medium containing molasses (14.06 g/L), meat extract (23.68 g/L), urea (5.56 g/L) and FeSO4 (0.024 g/L) significantly enhanced the tryptophan production by 150% as compared to the control de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. The findings obtained in this study revealed that rapid evaluation and effective optimization of medium composition governing tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 were feasible via statistical approaches. Additionally, the current findings reveal the potential of utilizing LAB as a safer alternative tryptophan producer and provides insight for future exploitation of various amino acid productions by LAB.

DWF4 was significantly enriched in both IP biological repeat samples compared with PP2A, but no significant different of amount between DWF4 and PP2A in negative ChIP experiment. (PPTX 67 kb)

Table S3. AUCs for AKI stratified according to HbA1c levels and history of diabetes. (DOC 51 kb)

Table S1. Performance of uNAG in detecting AKI in quintile of admission serum glucose concentrations. (DOC 43 kb)

Expression patterns of GmBZLs in different tissues and under abiotic stress conditions. (A) Expression profiles of GmBZL genes in 9 tissues. The relative expression data of 9 tissues determined by RNA-seq were obtained from Libault et al.. 2010 and used to construct the expression patterns of soybean genes. Color in the heatmaps represents RPKM values of the GmBZL genes. (B-C) Transcription levels of GmBZL genes in response to abiotic stress. The soybean V1 stage seedlings were treated with 200 mM NaCl or 100 μM ABA for 8 h. For cold treatment, seedlings were kept at 4 °C with light. For dehydration treatment, seedlings were transferred onto filter paper and dried at room temperature with 60% humidity. Relative gene expression levels are shown following normalization with actin transcript values. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. The star (*) indicates statistically significant differences among the means (p

Table S1. Detection of AKI using Cys C by quintiles of FT4. (DOCX 20 kb)

Overrepresented GO categories in GmBZL3 targets. Functional classification of GmBZL3 targets indicated that seven sets of GO (molecular function) terms were significantly enriched (p values

Table S4. Performance of NAG in detecting AKI by quartile of HbA1c. (DOC 40 kb)

Table S2. AUCs for AKI stratified according to admission serum glucose in diabetic patients. (DOC 35 kb)

We demonstrate an efficient way of tuning the atomic buckling in stanene to open a topologically nontrivial energy gap. By tuning the growth kinetics, we obtain an unexpected high-buckled 3 × 3 stanene on the Bi(111) substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy study combined with density functional theory calculation confirms that the 3 × 3 stanene is a distorted 1 × 1 structure with a high-buckled Sn in every three 1 × 1 unit cells. The high-buckled 3 × 3 stanene favors a large band inversion at the Γ point, and the spin–orbit coupling opens a topologically nontrivial energy gap. This study provides an alternate way to tune the topology of monolayer topological materials.

Tryptophan is one of the most extensively used amino acids in livestock industry owing to its effectiveness in enhancing the growth performance of animals. Conventionally, the production of tryptophan relies heavily on genetically modified Escherichia coli but its pathogenicity is a great concern. Our recent study demonstrated that a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 that isolated from Malaysian food was a promising tryptophan producer. However, the tryptophan production must enhance further for viable industrial application. Hence, the current study evaluated the effects of medium components and optimized the medium composition for tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 statistically using Plackett-Burman Design, and Central Composite Design. The optimized medium containing molasses (14.06 g/L), meat extract (23.68 g/L), urea (5.56 g/L) and FeSO4 (0.024 g/L) significantly enhanced the tryptophan production by 150% as compared to the control de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. The findings obtained in this study revealed that rapid evaluation and effective optimization of medium composition governing tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 were feasible via statistical approaches. Additionally, the current findings reveal the potential of utilizing LAB as a safer alternative tryptophan producer and provides insight for future exploitation of various amino acid productions by LAB.

The key to extract the contents of cadmium in water by using remote sensing technique is to measure the spectrum of extinction coefficient per g·L(-1) and reflectance for its compounds. So in this paper, firstly, we choose two kinds of cadmium compounds, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium oxide (CdO), which are most commonly exsit in natural water, to measure the spectrums of extinction coefficient and reflectance for them. We use the equipment, designed on our own, which can adjust the path length of light passing and make our measuring results more accurate at visible and near-infrared wavelength range than others. Then we use Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) spectrometer to measure the radiance of the light spot, which is from the direct light passed through cadmium compounds solutions of different concentrations reflected by the standard board. Using the ratio method to eliminate environmental errors and the effects of the thimbleful of suspended solids in water, we obtain the extinction coefficient per g·L(-1) of these two kinds of cadmium compounds from 400 to 900 nm. Secondly, we use ASD spectrometer to measure the reflectance spectrum of them in the sunny day at outdoor. The reflectance we obtain in this paper can help us to calculate the absorption and scattering coefficient per g·L(-1) in the future. The measuring results show that the extinction coefficient spectrum of CdS has two troughs at 550 and 830 nm and one peak at 675 nm. And the extinction coefficient spectrum of CdO decrease from purple to near-infrared. Both of their coefficient spectrums in blue are larger than green and red. And the value of the extinction coefficient per g·L(-1) of CdS is larger than CdO in the whole measuring wavelength range. The reflectance of CdS in yellow and red is larger than purple and blue, which increases rapidly from 500 to 650 nm and then leveling off. While the reflectance of CdO increase linearly from 525 to 900 nm. Both have obvious spectral characteristic. According to our results, the largest extinction coefficient appear at blue color, while the largest reflectance appear at yellow and red, which means that those bands are the most sensitive wavelength to detect the change of cadmium concentration in water. This study carries out with optical parameters measurements for optical activity of cadmium compounds specifically for water quality remote sensing for the first time. We conclude that the extinction coefficient and reflectance spectrums we obtained are reasonable, and the results can be used as the base parameter in the remote sensing inversion model for cadmium contents in water, which provides a breakthrough on using remote sensing technique to extract the heavy metal contents in water. Obtained these two optical parameters in this paper can provide powerful reference for band selection of the remote sensing image, which is used to extract cadmium contents in water, as well as provide the necessary important parameters of the remote sensing inversion model of cadmium contents in water.

In the research of task scheduling in the cloud environment, in order to minimize the task scheduling length, an efficient scheduling strategy is critical. A scheduling algorithm based on Top-k strategy is proposed to solve the problem of workflow scheduling with minimizing the completion time in cloud computing. In each assignment, choose the most k schedulable tasks in priority sequence in turn to try to allocate, and selecte the task that with the earliest completion time. The experimental results show that with HEFT and IHEFT algorithm, k-HEFT algorithm can reduce the scheduling length effectively.

The degradation behaviors including oxidation and hydrolysis of silicone modified polycarbonate urethanes were thoroughly investigated. These polyurethanes were based on polyhexamethylene carbonate (PHMC)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixed macrodiols with molar ratio of PDMS ranging from 5% to 30%. It was proved that PDMS tended to migrate toward surface and even a small amount of PDMS could form a silicone-like surface. Macrophages-mediated oxidation process indicated that the PDMS surface layer was desirable to protect the fragile soft PHMC from the attack of degradative species. Hydrolysis process was probed in detail after immersing in boiling buffered water using combined analytical tools. Hydrolytically stable PDMS could act as protective shields for the bulk to hinder the chain scission of polycarbonate carbonyls whereas the hydrolysis of urethane linkages was less affected. Although the promoted phase separation at higher PDMS fractions lead to possible physical defects and mechanical compromise after degradation, simultaneously enhanced oxidation and hydrolysis resistance could be achieved for the polyurethanes with proper PDMS incorporation.

We have grown nearly freestanding single-layer $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{WT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ on graphitized $6H$-SiC(0001) by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and characterized its electronic structure with scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). The existence of topological edge states at the periphery of single-layer $\mathrm{WT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ islands was confirmed. Surprisingly, a bulk band gap at the Fermi level and insulating behaviors were also found in single-layer $\mathrm{WT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ at low temperature, which are likely associated with an incommensurate charge order transition. The realization of two-dimensional topological insulators (2D TIs) in single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenide provides a promising platform for further exploration of the 2D TIs' physics and related applications.

Table S2. AUC-ROC of biomarkers for established AKI, later-onset AKI and progressive AKI. AUC-ROC values for detection of established AKI, late-onset AKI or progressive AKI. (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S4. Predictive characteristics of admission biomarkers and their combinations for progressive AKI. Values of AUC-ROC, cutoff, sensitivity, specificity, (+) LR, (â ) LR, PPV, and NPV for these biomarkers and their combinations for predicting progressive AKI. (DOCX 16 kb)

Table S8. AUC-ROC, NRI and IDI when biomarkers were added to the clinical models. Values of AUC-ROC, continuous NRI, and IDI when the combination (sCysC and uNAG) was added to the clinical models for detection total AKI, severe AKI, or ICU mortality. (DOCX 16 kb)

Table S7. AUC-ROC for renal replacement therapy and mortality prediction by biomarkers and APACHE II score. AUC-ROC values of three biomarkers and APACHE II score for prediction of renal replacement therapy and mortality. (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S6. Predictive characteristics of admission biomarkers and their combinations for AKI in sepsis Patients. Values of AUC-ROC, cutoff, sensitivity, specificity, (+) LR, (â ) LR, PPV, and NPV for these biomarkers and their combinations for detecting septic AKI or severe septic AKI. (DOCX 19 kb)

Table S3. Predictive characteristics of admission biomarkers and their combinations for later-onset AKI. Values of AUC-ROC, cutoff, sensitivity, specificity, (+) LR, (â ) LR, PPV, and NPV for these biomarkers and their combinations for predicting later-onset AKI. (DOCX 18 kb)

Table S5. Three biomarkers for AKI detection in patients with sepsis. Values of AUC-ROC and concentration of three biomarkers for detecting septic AKI or severe septic AKI. (DOCX 16 kb)

Table S1. Correlations among three biomarkers at ICU admission. The correlation of biomarkers with one another at ICU admission. (DOCX 14 kb)

In this study, we report the clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP). Male patients with fulminant infectious mononucleosis (FIM), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or persistent EBV viremia were enrolled in this study. Direct sequencing was used to detect SH2D1A/XIAP gene mutations. The patients' clinical features were assessed by retrieval of data from medical records. Twenty-one male patients with FIM, EBV-associated HLH or persistent EBV viremia were evaluated. Four patients had SH2D1A mutations, and one patient had an XIAP mutation. All five of these patients had symptoms of HLH and EBV infection. Among the five patients, the youngest one was only 1 month old at onset. One patient exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia. Of four patients evaluated for immunological function, all exhibited reduced CD4/CD8 ratios. Three patients had rapid disease progression and died. One patient received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well. The overall clinical phenotypes of Chinese patients with XLP matched previous reports. For patients with severe EBV-associated HLH, our results indicate the need to examine the possibility of XLP.

Surface reactivity is important in modifying the physical and chemical properties of surface-sensitive materials, such as the topological insulators. Even though many studies addressing the reactivity of topological insulators towards external gases have been reported, it is still under heavy debate whether and how the topological insulators react with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy to directly probe the surface reaction of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ towards ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. Surprisingly, it is found that only the top quintuple layer is reactive to ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, resulting in a hydrated Bi bilayer as well as some Bi islands, which passivate the surface and prevent subsequent reaction. A reaction mechanism is proposed with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{Te}$ and hydrated Bi as the products. Unexpectedly, our study indicates that the reaction with water is intrinsic and not dependent on any surface defects. Since water inevitably exists, these findings provide key information when considering the reactions of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ with residual gases or atmosphere.

By using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) / spectroscopy (STS), we systematically characterize the electronic structure of lightly doped 1T-TiSe2, and demonstrate the existence of the electronic inhomogeneity and the pseudogap state. It is found that the intercalation induced lattice distortion impacts the local band structure and reduce the size of the charge density wave (CDW) gap with the persisted 2x2 spatial modulation. On the other hand, the delocalized doping electrons promote the formation of pseudogap. Domination by either of the two effects results in the separation of two characteristic regions in real space, exhibiting rather different electronic structures. Further doping electrons to the surface confirms that the pseudogap may be the precursor for the superconducting gap. This study suggests that the competition of local lattice distortion and the delocalized doping effect contribute to the complicated relationship between charge density wave and superconductivity for intercalated 1T-TiSe2., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of exercise and nutrition intervention on rat immune function. Flor-Essence is a kind of health food produced by FLORA company in Canada and certified by Quality Assurance International (QAI). Its main components are burdock root, cress leaves of grass, kelp, Turkish rhubarb root, et al. Flor-Essence has been shown to activate the body detoxification path, improve the physical environment, and inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, NS + training, low-dose Flor-Essence + training, low-dose Flor-Essence, high-dose Flor-Essence + training, high-dose Flor-Essence groups. The rats in NS + training, low-dose Flor-Essence + training, high-dose Flor-Essence + training groups swam 35 min per day in the water tank for 6 days a week. One hour before exercise, the rats were given low- (2.5 mg/mL) or high-dose (5 mg/mL) Flor-Essence daily by intragastric administration, and the rats in NS + training group were given equivalent volume of NS. On the last day of four training weeks, all rats took part in a bout of exhaustive exercise, and then were sacrificed immediately. Arterial blood serum samples were taken for the assays of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α contents, spleens for natural killer (NK) cells activity. The results showed that serum IL-6 content in NS + training group was decreased compared with that in control group. Low- and high-dose Flor-Essence groups showed decreased IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α serum contents, as well as longer exhaustive time, compared with control group. The improving effects of high-dose Flor- Essence on IL-6, TNF-α and exhaustive time were greater than those of low dose. Compared with NS + training, low- and high-dose Flor-Essence + training reduced serum contents of IL-6 and TNF-α, and prolonged exhaustive time; only high-dose Flor-Essence + training decreased serum IL-12 content and enhanced NK cells activity. These results suggest Flor-Essence in combination with exercise can improve rat immune function and sports performance, and the effect of high-dose Flor-Essence is better than that of low dose.

In this study, we analyze element geochemistry of submarine basalt in situ, which is sampled in hydrothermal areas from ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge, including the fresh basalt rocks (B19-9, B15-13) and altered basalt (B5-2). And we can confirm that altered mineral in B5-2 is celadonite by microscope and Raman Spectrum. Furthermore, amygdaloidal celadonites are analyzed by electron microprobe (EPMA) and EDS-line scanning. The results show that K-contents decrease and Na-contents increase from the core to the edge in these altered minerals, indicating the transition from celadonite to saponite. Celadonite is an altered minerals, forming in low temperature (50 degrees C) and oxidizing condition, while saponite form in low water/rock and more reducing condition. As a result, the transition from celadonite to saponite suggests environment change from oxidizing to reducing condition. Using the result of EPMA as internal standard, we can analyze rare earth elements (REE) in altered mineral in situ. Most of result show positive Eu anomaly (Δ(Eu)), indicating hydrothermal fluid transform from oxidizing to reducing, and reducing fluid rework on the early altered minerals. Comparison with REE in matrix feldspar both in altered and unaltered zoning, we find that reducing fluid can leach REE from the matrix feldspar, leading to lower total REE concentrations and positive Eu anomaly. So leaching process play an important role in hydrothermal system.

A result of Ward and Glynn (2005) asserts that the sequence of scaled offered waiting time processes of the $GI/GI/1+GI$ queue converges weakly to a reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (ROU) in the positive real line, as the traffic intensity approaches one. As a consequence, the stationary distribution of a ROU process, which is a truncated normal, should approximate the scaled stationary distribution of the offered waiting time in a $GI/GI/1+GI$ queue; however, no such result has been proved. We prove the aforementioned convergence, and the convergence of the moments, in heavy traffic, thus resolving a question left open in Ward and Glynn (2005). In comparison to Kingman's classical result in Kingman (1961) showing that an exponential distribution approximates the scaled stationary offered waiting time distribution in a $GI/GI/1$ queue in heavy traffic, our result confirms that the addition of customer abandonment has a non-trivial effect on the queue stationary behavior., Comment: 29 pages

The extended boundary condition method is applied to both circular and elliptical regions for calculating cutoff frequencies Vc of weakly guiding optical waveguides, which consist of a uniform cladding and a core with arbitrary shape and index profile. The frequency shift formula method is explained by means of the extended boundary condition method on circular regions. Comparing the method with analytic and other rigorous methods, we show that it is indeed a powerful tool. Numerical results confirm that the mode designation and arrangement order in elliptical and rectangular waveguides are, in general, dependent on the aspect ratio.

In the weakly guiding analysis of cutoff frequencies in elliptical optical waveguides, the advantages of the proposed elliptical Fourier series expansion method in generality, accuracy, efficiency and simplicity are demonstrated through detailed comparisons with the precise Mathieu function method, the finite element method, Dyott's measurements on practical fibers and many other important techniques. Several issues in debate for long on the subject could be resolved.

In weakly guiding analysis of cutoff frequencies in general optical waveguides, the proposed generalized Fourier series expansion method in elliptical coordinates has advantages in terms of generality, accuracy, efficiency and simplicity. Numerical data of higher mode cutoffs in elliptical and rectangular optical waveguides show the excellent agreement between the present method and the finite element method.