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Background: Cognitive role of untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been less well substantiated. Objective: We sought to explore the prospective association of T2DM and untreated T2DM with cognitive function among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods: Data of 7,230 participants without baseline brain damage, mental retardation, or memory-related diseases in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011– 2012 to 2015, were analyzed. Fasting plasma glucose and self-reported information on T2DM diagnosis and treatment were assessed. Participants were categorized into normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and T2DM (including untreated and treated T2DM) groups. Episodic memory and executive function were assessed by modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status every two years. We used generalized estimating equation model to examine the association of baseline T2DM status with cognitive function in succeedingyears. Results: Compared to those with normoglycemia, T2DM was associated with worse overall cognitive function after controlling for demographic variables, lifestyles, follow-up time, major clinical factors, and baseline cognitive function, although the associations were statistically non-significant (β= –0.19, 95% CI: –0.39, 0.00). However, a significant association was mainly observed for those with untreated T2DM (β= –0.26, 95% CI: –0.47, –0.04), especially in the domain of executive function (β= –0.19, 95% CI: –0.35, –0.03). In general, IFG and treated T2DM individuals had similar levels of cognitive function with normoglycemia participants. Conclusion: Our findings supported a detrimental role of untreated T2DM on cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Screening and early treatment for T2DM are warranted for maintaining better cognitive function in later life.

Transonic buffet is an aerodynamic phenomenon of self-sustained shock oscillations. The aeroelastic problem caused by it is very complex, including two different dynamic modes: forced vibration and frequency lock-in. The vibration of the structure has a negative influence on the fatigue life of the aircraft. Especially in the region of frequency lock-in, the limit cycle oscillations occur due to the instability of the structural mode. Researchers have accurately predicted the region of frequency lock-in in transonic buffet and have clarified its mechanism by using a linear aerodynamic model. However, the nonlinear aeroelastic modeling and prediction of the transonic buffet remain to be solved. The long short-term memory (LSTM) deep neural network is suitable for predicting the time-delayed effects of unsteady aerodynamics. And it has achieved remarkable results in sequential data modeling. In the present work, a nonlinear model is developed for the aeroelastic system with NACA0012 airfoil in transonic buffeting flow and validated with the coupled computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (CFD/CSD) simulation. First, the data set and the loss function are specially designed. Then, the reduced-order model (ROM) based on the LSTM of the flow is built by using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations data in a post-buffet state. By coupling the ROM and the single degree-of-freedom equation for the pitching angle, the nonlinear aeroelastic model is finally produced. The results show that the phenomenon of frequency lock-in and the self-sustained buffeting aerodynamics are precisely reconstructed. And the model has a strong generalization ability and can reproduce complex vibrations caused by competition between different modes. In short, the model can replace the CFD/CSD method in the current case with high efficiency and accuracy. The method can be used for modeling and prediction of other various complex aeroelastic systems.

RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is increasingly recognized as an important layer of gene regulation; however, the involvement of ac4C in pain regulation has not been studied. Here, we report that N-acetyltransferase 10 protein (NAT10; the only known ac4C “writer”) contributes to the induction and development of neuropathic pain in an ac4C-dependent manner. Peripheral nerve injury increases the levels of NAT10 expression and overall ac4C in injured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). This upregulation is triggered by the activation of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), a transcription factor that binds to theNat10promoter. Knock-down or genetic deletion of NAT10 in the DRG abolishes the gain of ac4C sites inSyt9mRNA and the augmentation of SYT9 protein, resulting in a marked antinociceptive effect in nerve-injured male mice. Conversely, mimicking NAT10 upregulation in the absence of injury evokes the elevation ofSyt9ac4C and SYT9 protein and induces the genesis of neuropathic-pain-like behaviors. These findings demonstrate that USF1-governed NAT10 regulates neuropathic pain by targetingSyt9ac4C in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons. Our findings establish NAT10 as a critical endogenous initiator of nociceptive behavior and a promising new target for treating neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cytidine N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a new epigenetic RNA modification, is crucial for the translation and stability of mRNA, but its role for chronic pain remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) acts as ac4C N-acetyltransferase and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. NAT10 was upregulated via the activation of the transcription factor upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Since pharmacological or genetic deleting NAT10 in the DRG attenuated the nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivities partially through suppressingSyt9mRNA ac4C and stabilizing SYT9 protein level, NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Critical industrial infrastructures are currently facing increasing cyberspace threats in their underlying information and communication systems. The advanced monitoring, control, and management functionalities of the industrial systems firmly rely on the reliable and secure operations of the industrial control system (ICS) network. This article characterizes the ICS network traffic and presents a scalable and efficient solution for real-time ICS network traffic anomaly detection, considering various forms of ICS anomaly events. The events due to the cyberattacks, malicious operating behaviors, and network anomalies can be effectively detected without sophisticated computational requirements and retrieval of communication protocols. The proposed hybrid statistical-machine learning model integrates a seasonal autoregressive integration moving average (SARIMA)-based dynamic threshold model and a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to jointly identify the abnormal traffic patterns with low false omission rates. The proposed solution is extensively evaluated at a realistic ICS cyber-physical system (CPS) testbed, and the numerical results confirm its high detection accuracy and low computational complexity.

Four analogs (1–4) of clonixin were synthesized and their polymorphism was studied. Structural similarity was observed between 1-A and CLX-II, and 3 and CLX-I. π–π stacking played an important role in the hydrate formation of 1 and polymorphism of 2.

Polyoxometalate–viologen hybrids are reviewed, including structural design, competing electron transfer process, and new knowledge on photochromic mechanisms and their applications.

In this study, cost-effective anthracite and industrial silicon powder were used as precursor and catalyst, respectively, to prepare graphite with various structure, during which the catalytic mechanism was analyzed. The results demonstrate that the as-obtained sample with 5% silicon catalyst (G-2800-5%) exhibits the best overall lithium storage performance. In detail, G-2800-5% display the best graphite structure with graphitization degree of 91.5%. As anode materials, a high reversible capacity of 369.0 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 0.1 A g−1. Meanwhile, the reversible capacity of 209.0 mAh g−1 can be obtained at the current density of 1 A g−1. It also delivers good cyclic stability with a 92.2% retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. The highly developed graphite structure, which is favorable to the formation of stable SEI and reduced lithium ion loss should be responsible for the superior electrochemical performance.

Purpose. To study the influence of parents’ educational backgrounds and understanding on the progress of myopia in their offspring. Methods. Spherical equivalent refraction (SE) of the children (aged 6–14) in China was assessed with cycloplegic autorefraction in a two-year longitudinal study. The parents’ background information and myopia-related cognition were collected by questionnaires. Results. The offspring of parents with lower education and more myopic SE had higher myopic progression (mean = –1.42 ± 1.06) than the children of other groups ( P < 0.05 ). The parents’ understanding of the proper outdoor activity time, sleep duration, reading distance, and indoor illumination for children was not significantly correlated with the progression of myopia in their offspring. The parent’s preference for eye care visit frequency had a significant correlation with the myopia development of their children (r = 0.076, P = 0.001 ∗ ). The mean SE progression was −0.84 ± 1.37 and −0.58 ± 1.29 in the children whose parents considered that extracurricular classes would negatively affect myopia development progression and the children whose parents believed it would not, respectively ( P = 0.026 ∗ ). Conclusions. Most parents misunderstand the influence of insufficient outdoor sports time and extracurricular classes, which require extra near-vision work. Besides, for parents with low educational background and more myopic SE, their offspring had higher myopia progression and may be the key group for myopia control. Finally, parents may obtain life advice and knowledge related to preventing myopia after their children become myopic. It may be of positive significance if this process could take place before myopia onset.

In recent years, the heat of the real estate market has decreased, and the price of real estate in a few places has declined slightly, mainly due to the effect of the purchase restriction policy and the slowing down of economic growth. Is it difficult to develop the real estate industry in the future? Will the real estate market be depressed for a long time? For example, some people think that the real estate cannot be sold, and the price must be greatly reduced? I believe that the real estate industry will continue to develop. It is only the subjective desire of some people that the long-term price reduction of real estate will not rise. This desire is neither in the interests of the state nor in the interests of society, nor in line with the laws of the socialist market economy. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various factors, China's real estate industry will continue to develop, the real estate market will be more sound, and the real estate price will definitely not fall all the time, and will certainly "rise steadily".

Based on the actual situation of economic development in rural areas of China, this paper explains the practice of the integration of rural economy and digital economy. At present, with the development of digital economy, the integration of digital economy and agricultural economy has become the basic way to improve the development level of agricultural modernization, and it is also an important means to promote the high-quality development of rural economy, the structural reform of agricultural supply side and the rural revitalization strategy. However, as far as the current development stage is concerned, there are still problems in digital infrastructure, digital sharing, personnel training and related laws and regulations. According to the related problems, this paper puts forward corresponding solutions, and strives to provide more theoretical and guiding experience for the realization of China's agricultural modernization development and rural revitalization strategy.

Deposition particles can lead to blockage, odor, and corrosion of pipes, and the deposition process of suspended particles is particularly complicated. In order to quantify the deposition process of suspended particles and mastered the critical conditions for the deposition in storm drainage, the process was simulated experimentally, and the deposition states of suspended particles under the different roughness of pipe wall, particle size, and density were analyzed. Two mathematical models of deposition critical velocity and easy deposition velocity were established. Results showed that with the increase of particle size and density, the gravity of particles increased and deposition was more likely to occur. In the rough pipeline, the kinetic energy consumption of water flow increased, the ability to carry particles was weakened, and the deposition rate would increase accordingly. The higher the flow velocity, the lower the deposition rate. The deposition states of particles in the pipeline could be divided into three types according to the deposition rates: "no deposition," "minor deposition," and "bulk deposition." Verification showed that the difference rates between the calculated values and measured values of the deposition critical velocity ranged from - 3.23 to 2.86%, and the difference rates of the easy deposition velocity were - 4.14-4.72%, showing good consistency.

Sepsis represents a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response, which is mostly a result of infection with various pathogenic microorganisms, characterized by an uncontrolled infection response of the organism leading to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), as competing endogenous RNA, can affect the binding of microRNA (miRNA) to mRNA, thus influencing the development of sepsis. In this study, based on transcriptome data from GEO database, we screened differentially expressed lncRNAs and constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. And pathway IL-17RA-1/miR-7847-3p/protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG) coexpression network was successfully sorted out. The effect of this network on LPS-induced sepsis model in THP-1 cells was also verified by CCK-8, scratch, ELISA, Western blot, and qRT-PCR assays. Corresponding binding sites of miR-7847-3p to IL-17RA-1 and miR-7847-3p to PRKCG were verified using dual luciferase gene reporter assays, respectively. Compared with control, si-IL-17RA-1 significantly inhibited the cell viability and migration ability of THP-1, and levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α secreted were markedly decreased, and the expression of IL-17RA-1, PRKCG, p-MEKK1, and p-JNK were markedly reduced. In addition, IL-17RA-1 could target binding to miR-7847-3p and inhibit its expression, and miR-7847-3p could also bind to PRKCG. Our experiments demonstrate that IL17-RA-1 attenuates the sepsis response through the miR-7847-3p/MAPK pathway, and this competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network may be a potential approach to predict and combat sepsis.

The evolution patterns of the Neo-Tethys Himalayas have been a major topic of research, particularly in the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The geological field investigations were conducted in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Sangxiu Formation in the Tsomei Longzi area of Tibet. A stratigraphic hierarchy of the Sangxiu Formation was established based on an analysis of the sedimentary lithology in this area. Based on the geochemical characteristics and chronology of the felsic-mafic volcanic rocks of the Sangxiu Formation, the genesis, tectonic background, and evolutionary pattern of the volcanic rocks of the Sangxiu Formation were revealed. Basalts, dolerite, and volcanic debris constitute the volcanic rocks of the Sangxiu Group in the Zhegu area. The Early Cretaceous Sangxiu Formation basalts were determined using SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 141 ± 1 Ma and 142 ± 1 Ma. Volcanic rocks of the Sangxiu Formation, which are intraplate rifting products of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous period, originated from the mantle and mixed with crustal materials. The rock type is an intraplate alkaline basalt that formed during the rifting activity of the passive continental margin extension. There was a crucial growth episode in the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The Neo-Tethys Ocean expansion from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous was caused by a younger rifting along the passive continental edge rather than a continuation of the early Mid-Ocean Ridge development, thus demonstrating the expansion of the Neo-Tethys Ocean at various stages.

Background Oxidative stress and endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high-altitude hypoxia have important roles in the pathological process of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Tannins present in Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (TTR) have pharmacological activities that produce oxidation resistance and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Whether TTR exerts a protective effect on HAPH remains unknown. Methods A rat model of HAPH was established. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of the animals was measured, the serum levels of SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px were measured using ELISA, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in the lung tissue of each group of rats was measured using Western blotting. Pathological changes in the lung tissue were also observed. A model of damage to H2O2-induced pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) was generated, and cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 assays. Flow cytometry was used to measure ROS levels in PAECs. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in PAECs. Results The hemodynamic and pathologic findings showed that the mPAP of HAPH rats increased markedly, and the vascular wall thickness increased (P P P 2O2-induced PAEC apoptosis and ROS production (P P Conclusion The results suggest that TTR reduces pulmonary arterial pressure, decreases oxidative stress during HAPH, and exerts protective effects in rats with HAPH and that its mechanism of action is related to regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

ImportanceDementia threatens the well-being of older adults, making efforts toward prevention of great importance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of the Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with the risk of dementia in 3 prospective studies and a meta-analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort analyses included the Whitehall II study (WII), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (FOS), and the meta-analysis included 11 cohort studies. Participants were middle-aged and older women and men from WII in 2002 to 2004, HRS in 2013, and FOS in 1998 to 2001 without dementia at the study baseline. Data were analyzed from May 25 to September 1, 2022.ExposuresMIND diet score was measured using food frequency questionnaires, and scores ranged from 0 to 15, with a higher score indicating higher adherence to the MIND diet.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncident all-cause dementia, with cohort-specific definitions.ResultsIncluded in this study were 8358 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.2 [6.0] years; 5777 male [69.1%]) from WII, 6758 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.5 [10.4] years; 3965 female [58.7%]) from HRS, and 3020 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.2 [9.1] years; 1648 female [54.6%]) from FOS. The mean (SD) baseline MIND diet score was 8.3 (1.4) in WII, 7.1 (1.9) in HRS, and 8.1 (1.6) in FOS. Over 166 516 person-years, a total of 775 participants (220 in WII, 338 in HRS, and 217 in FOS) developed incident dementia. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, higher MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia (pooled hazard ratio [HR] for every 3-point increment, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95; P for trend = .01; I2 = 0%). The associations were consistently observed in subgroups defined by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. In the meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies with 224 049 participants (5279 incident dementia cases), the highest tertile of MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia compared with the lowest tertile (pooled HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90; I2 = 35%).Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that adherence to the MIND diet was associated with lower risk of incident dementia in middle-aged and older adults. Further studies are warranted to develop and refine the specific MIND diet for different populations.

As industrial technology develops, industrial processes become increasingly large and complex, the traditional methods are difficult to extract features that can represent the condition of the whole process and the effect of fault on quality indicators. Therefore, a novel multi-block decouple convolutional neural network (multi-block DCN) algorithm is proposed. First, key process variables are selected, and process variables are grouped into multiple blocks for the following monitoring. Then, in each block, the proposed DCN constructs a regression model between key process variables and quality indicators, in which the regression model utilizes an improved convolutional neural network as feature extractor and a decoupling layer as feature regularizer. Afterward, the monitoring results of each block are integrated into a global monitoring index based on Bayesian theory. After fault detection, variable oblivion contribution plot is presented to locate faulty variables. Finally, an industrial case is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-block DCN.

The advantages of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in energy-saving strongly rely on the energy management strategy. Equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is one kind of well-known instantaneous strategies with the capability of online application. Due to the complicated driving conditions, there are some limitations for the application of ECMS with fixed equivalence factor (EF). Therefore, the adaptive ECMS (A-ECMS) based on the average predicted power is proposed and studied. The average power is predicted by a polynomial function with the average velocity and average acceleration as prediction inputs. The coefficients of the prediction model are updated by the recursive least squares algorithm. By investigating the impacts of different power requirements and EF on the battery charging/discharging behaviors, the explicit expression model of adaptive EF based on the average predicted power and battery SOC is established. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is further adopted to derive the parameters of the explicit expression model. Simulation results demonstrate that when the average power is higher than 0.5 kW, the prediction accuracy of the proposed power prediction model is higher than 91%. Compared with the constant ECMS which uses the corresponding optimal EF under different test cycles, although the equivalent fuel economy with the proposed A-ECMS slightly deteriorates, most of the deterioration is smaller than 5%, while the battery charging sustainability for all test cycles are well maintained. The proposed strategy ensures good cycle adaptability in achieving good fuel economy and battery charging sustainability.

The incipient fault is difficult to detect because of its small amplitude and insignificant impact, however, ignoring such fault may cause irreversible damage to the system. In this paper, a hierarchical latent variable extraction and multisegment probability density analysis method is proposed to detect the incipient fault. Firstly, three data subspaces are constructed, which are named dominant, intermediate and residual spaces, and key latent variables which contain more offline variance or online variation information will be retained. Afterwards, the expanded data distribution interval and multiple data segments are constructed for the probability density estimation. Based on the improved symmetric divergence index, the distribution distance between the online data and offline modeling data can be evaluated, which has achieved 95.3% and 86.8% average detection rates for the faults in numerical case and Tennessee Eastman process. Finally, a real multiphase flow facility is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This study aimed to explore the effect of induced electric field (IEF) treatment on acid hydrolysis of corn starch by altering the connection modes of sample coils of a 4-reactor IEF system. Results suggested that IEF treatment could enhance the hydrolysis of corn starch and series connection (1. RRRR, η=16E

Under the background of rising environmental temperature, the state of warm frozen soil near the phase transition is extremely unstable. In order to explore the relationship between temperature and mechanical properties of warm frozen soil, a damage model of warm frozen soil structure under the coupling of stress and temperature is established based on the strain equivalent theory of damage mechanics. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the nominal stress is used to represent the stress damage of frozen soil elements, the initial elastic modulus is used to represent the temperature damage, and a composite damage factor is introduced to describe their coupled relationship. Through a triaxial compression experiment of frozen soil, the experimental data and stress-strain curve are obtained. The full-fitting method based on the experimental data (method 1) and the semitheoretical semifitting method based on the characteristic points of the stress-strain curve (method 2) are used to obtain the shape parameters and scale parameters of the stress-temperature coupled damage model corresponding to different fitting methods. Based on the triaxial compression tests of frozen sand and frozen silty clay, the reliability of the stress-temperature coupled damage model results obtained by the two parameter determination methods under the conditions of strain softening and strain hardening is verified. The results show that both methods are applicable under the condition of strain softening and strain hardening and method 2 is better than method 1 under the condition of strain softening. Compared with the prediction results of the single stress damage model, the stress-temperature coupled damage model can effectively reduce the influence of the parameter estimation error on the results and improve the overall stability of the model.

AimsGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and adiponectin are adipokines that regulate metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of GDF-15, adiponectin, and GDF-15/adiponectin ratio (G/A ratio) as biomarkers for detecting metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 676 participants aged 20–70 years in Jurong, China. The participants were divided into four groups based on sex and age (ResultsThe prevalence of MS was 22.0% (149/676). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the G/A ratio and adiponectin levels, but not GDF-15 levels, were correlated with MS [odds ratio; 95% CI 1.010 (1.006–1.013) and 0.798 (0.735–0.865), respectively] after adjusting for confounding factors. The G/A ratio displayed a significant relationship with MS in each subgroup and with each MS component in both men and women; however, adiponectin concentrations were significantly associated with MS and all its components only in men (all P <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the G/A ratio and the adiponectin level for MS was 0.758 and 0.748, respectively. The highest AUC was 0.757 for the adiponectin level in men and 0.724 for the G/A ratio in women.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the G/A ratio and adiponectin are potential biomarkers for detecting MS in women and men, respectively.

Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from an oriental medicinal mushroom, i.e. Ganoderma tsugae, has traditionally been found to have significant medicinal properties. As a result of GA's poor solubility in water, formulation poses several challenges. Additionally, the traditional method of administering it via alcohol always results in unfavorable patient side effects. In order to overcome these problems, Ganoderma Tsugae extracts obtained by ethanol extraction were encapsulated in nanodispersions by ultrasonic cavitation and solvent evaporation to maximise bioavailability. Resultant nanodispersions contained Ganoderic acid in a hydrophobic core with a mean particle size of no more than 200 nm and a very narrow particle distribution. An analysis of the interactions between the control variables and the process optimisation was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the results of the experiment, it was found that the particle size of nanodispersions was influenced by the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) number and the evaporation temperature. Moreover, the physical stability of micellar systems is generally determined by the organic phase within them. Regarding formulation stability, the zeta average of the nanodispersions remained virtually unchanged in solutions with different pH levels and short-term storage (14 days) at room temperature. Overall, it has been demonstrated that Ganoderic acid nanodispersions can be efficiently generated by combining ultrasound cavitation and solvent evaporation.

Background and purpose Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) impedes the curative chance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aimed to develop a deep pathomics score (DPS) for predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation using deep learning. Patients and methods Two datasets of 380 HCC patients who underwent LT were enrolled. Residual convolutional neural networks were used to identify six histological structures of HCC. The individual risk score of each structure and DPS were derived by a modified DeepSurv network. Cox regression analysis and Concordance index were used to evaluate the prognostic significance. The cellular exploration of prognostic immune biomarkers was performed by quantitative and spatial proximity analysis according to three panels of 7-color immunofluorescence. Results The overall classification accuracy of HCC tissue was 97%. At the structural level, immune cells were the most significant tissue category for predicting post-LT recurrence (HR 1.907, 95% CI 1.490–2.440). The C-indices of DPS achieved 0.827 and 0.794 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS) showed that DPS (HR 4.795, 95% CI 3.017–7.619) was an independent risk factor. Patients in the high-risk subgroup had a shorter RFS, larger tumor diameter and a lower proportion of clear tumor borders. At the cellular level, a higher infiltration of intratumoral NK cells was negatively correlated with recurrence risk. Conclusions This study established an effective DPS. Immune cells were the most significant histological structure related to HCC recurrence. DPS performed well in post-LT recurrence prediction and the identification of clinicopathological features.