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To investigate the diversity and composition of microflora in laboratory-rearedThe larval habitat waters and different developmental stages of laboratory-rearedA total of 16 phyla, 30 classes, 72 orders, 129 families and 224 genera of bacteria were detected in larval habitat waters and different developmental stages ofThere are differences in the composition of symbiotic bacteria at different developmental stages of

子宫颈癌是全球女性常见的恶性肿瘤。2018年，WHO总干事向全球发出了消除子宫颈癌的动员令。我国的子宫颈癌人群防治工作累积了大量的实践经验，并取得一定成效。面对2030年“90%-70%-90%”的阶段性目标，我国仍有不同程度的挑战和机遇。人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗在国内得以应用，部分省市已开展适龄人群接种，90%适龄女性接种疫苗的阶段性目标的实现较为乐观，应密切关注国际上HPV疫苗接种的研究进展；子宫颈癌人群筛查技术已取得突破性进展，但我国存在人口基数大、资源不足等困难，70%适龄女性接受高效检测方法筛查的目标存在较大困难，应尽早推广应用新技术，快速提高筛查服务能力及其均质化；我国子宫颈病变的治疗水平不断进步，且随着总体经济发展、基本医疗保险高覆盖、医保政策优化等，预计90%确诊子宫颈病变的妇女得到治疗的阶段性目标能够实现，目前应开展全国性治疗数据的收集。我国实现消除子宫颈癌的战略目标任重而道远。.

The Loess Plateau of China is the most concentrated and largest loess area on Earth. Shanxi Province lies in the eastern margin of the Loess Plateau and is one of the regions with the worst serious soil erosion and most fragile ecological environment in the world. On March 15, 2019, a landslide hit Xiangning County in Shanxi Province in northern China and resulted in heavy casualties. This paper mainly gives an introduction about the catastrophe, causes, and related emergency response.

Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a vital medicinal and industrial herb, planted extensively in southern China (Hu, et al. 2011.). In July and August of 2021, leaf spot incidence on60% plants and reduced yields20% for fresh leaves were observed in S. cusia cultivar 'Malan No.1' across the Shufeng whole Township, Xianyou County, Fujian province. Initial symptoms on leaves were observed as small, dark-brown, spots surrounded by a yellow halo, expanding irregularly or into semicircular spots. As symptoms developed, the spots became dark brown, thin and fragile, forming small holes. In severe cases plants were defoliated. The pathogen was isolated from the margin of 60 symptomatic leaf lesions， surfacesterilized with 75% ethanol for 45 s, rinsed three times with sterile water, air dried, and cultured on PDA at 25°C in the dark. Pure cultures were obtained by single-spore isolation after subculture. Ten representative single-spore isolates (MY-1 to MY-10) from 154 pathogens in 10 sampling points were selected for morphological characterization and identification. After 7 days, mycelial colonies were gray to dark gray with few aerial hyphae. Conidia (32.3 to 132.8 × 5.8 to 8.4 μm, average 81.4 × 6.3 μm, n=50) were pale to brown, erect or curved, solitary or in chains, with 0 to 15 pseudosepta. Based on morphological characteristics, the isolates were preliminarily identified as Corynespora cassiicola. Genomic DNA of isolate MY-2 (randomly selected from 10 isolates as representative) was extracted from mycelia using the Ezup DNA extraction kit (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China). The ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region of rDNA, TEF1-α (translation elongation factor 1 alpha) and TUB2 (beta-tubulin) genes were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS4/ITS5, EF1-728F/EF-986R (Wang et al. 2021) and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass et al. 1995), respectively. BLASTN sequence analyses of ITS (538 bp), TEF1-α (302 bp) and TUB2 (436 bp) of isolate MY-2 (GenBank accessions OK355515, OM339443, OM339442) showed 100%, 97.6%, 100% identity with C. cassiicola in GenBank (Accession numbers JX908713, MW961421, AB539228). A neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and TEF1-α sequences using MEGA7 showed that MY-2 clustered in the same clade with C. cassiicola. For pathogenicity tests, five S. cusia plants were inoculated onto the adaxial surface of leaves with mycelial plugs from ten isolates of 8-day-oldcultures on PDA. Five leaves per plant were inoculated, covered with wet cotton, and kept in a controlled greenhouse (26~33 °C, RH 80% ~ 90%). Leaves inoculated with sterile PDA plugs served as a negative control. At 3-5 days post inoculation, all 25 inoculated leaves of each isolate showed leaf spot lesions similar to those observed in the field, and control leaves were symptomless. C. cassiicola was successfully reisolated from the diseased leaves. The pathogenicity tests were repeated three times under the same conditions and similar results were observed. In view of morphology, pathogenicity and sequence results, the isolates were identified as C. cassiicola, a pathogen reported from many important crops (Lu et al. 2021). This is the first report of C. cassiicola as a pathogen in China which poses a potential threat to leaf production and S. cusia processing. References: Glass, N. L., et al. 1995. Appl. Environ. Microb. 61:1323 Hu, J.Q., et al. 2011. Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, China. Volume 19: 407 Li, Q.L., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97 (5): 690 Lu, P. et al. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:3753 Wang S. H., et al. 2021.Forest Pathology, 51(2):1 Keywords: fungal disease, Strobilanthes cusia, medicinal plants, etiology, leaf spot.

The incidence of pulmonary adenocarcinoma locates first in all the malignant tumors in the world. At present, there are many diagnostic methods for pulmonary adenocarcinoma, but there are a few methods that are mature or have ideal application prospects. We aim to explore the role of VRK2 in the occurrence and development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and its possible regulatory mechanism.Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to assess the expression of VRK2. Flow cytometry, Western blot, and Caspase-3 colorimetric assay Kit were used to evaluate the apoptosis level. The proliferation, migration, and invasion ability were measured via cell cycle assay, wound healing, and transwell invasion assay. Luciferase assay verified the relationship between VRK2 and miR-145-5p. The effect of FGD5-AS1 on tumorigenesis of glioma was detected by the xenograft nude mice model.VRK2 was significantly increased in tumor tissues and cell lines. Loss of VRK2 promoted apoptosis level and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in A549 cells via regulating the ERK1/2/AKT signal pathway. Luciferase assay reported that VRK2 could bind with miR-145-5p. The level of miR-145-5p was negatively correlated with the expression of VRK2 and involved in VRK2 regulating tumor progression. The tumor growth assay showed that the silencing of VRK2 inhibited tumorigenesis with the inactivating ERK1/2/AKT pathway.Knockdown of VRK2 inhibited the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma via regulating the ERK1/2/AKT signal pathway by targeting miR-145-5p, which providing some novel experimental basis for clinical treatment of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Bulk dense Ti-25Nb-3Mo-3Zr-2Sn (TLM) alloy with a discontinuous core-shell structure was successfully synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the oxidized TLM powder. A discontinuous core-shell structure is formed, which is mainly attributed to the participation of α phases in β matrix near boundaries induced by diffusion of oxygen. The core-shell TLM compact exhibits a yield strength and fracture plasticity approaching 1.36 GPa and 34%, respectively.

The smoking cessation rate of 1 314 people at high risk of lung cancer in the area of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and early treatment in Sichuan Province increased from 22.37% at baseline to 41.78% after screening (χ²=227.97,1 314名四川省肺癌筛查及早诊早治项目地区肺癌高危人群的戒烟率从基线时的22.37%增至筛查后的41.78%（χ²=227.97，

目的 探讨血友病性骨骼肌肉病变的外科手术治疗方法及围手术期凝血因子消耗情况。 方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2019年12月在中国医学科学院北京协和医院骨科因骨骼肌肉病变接受手术治疗的261例血友病患者。根据手术创伤大小选择凝血因子替代治疗方案。记录病变的临床表现、手术种类、围手术期凝血因子消耗、输血率及再手术情况，对比单次麻醉下单部位手术与多部位手术的凝血因子消耗及费用。 结果 261例患者均为男性，平均年龄为30.6（6~65）岁。血友病A 235例，血友病B 26例；重型（因子活性5%）29例。共施行手术338例次（关节内出血及关节炎226例次、血友病并发肌腱肌膜出血挛缩61例次、血友病假瘤45例次、其他6例次）。338例手术中，大型手术270例（79.9%），关节置换203例（60.1%）。因手术部位病变复发再手术14例，再致残率为4.2%。共55例（21.1%）患者在围手术期接受红细胞输注。血友病A患者术前FⅧ的平均用量为（44.4±8.1）IU/kg，术后2周内FⅧ总用量平均为（647±177）IU/kg（40 962 IU）。术后3个月康复期内，6例（2.3%）患者发生手术部位再出血。7例患者术后检出FⅧ抑制物，平均抑制物水平为（13.7±11.2）BU/ml。单次麻醉下多关节手术组（68例）与单关节手术组凝血因子消耗量及费用差异无统计学意义。 结论 针对血友病性骨骼肌肉病变，在合理补充凝血因子条件下，根据病变的具体情况选择合适的手术治疗方案是有效的缓解症状的方法。单次麻醉及凝血因子替代治疗下进行多关节手术不增加凝血因子消耗，具有更佳的成本效益。

In order to further improve the running speed and stability of the feed truck in the mud production line, optimization simulation and experimental research on the running system of the feed truck were carried out. First, based on the analysis of the operating system of the material truck, Then, according to the experimental plan, an optimization experiment on the project site was carried out, and it was confirmed in a quantitative form that the operating efficiency and stability of the optimized truck operating system have been significantly improved. Finally, the experimental results are applied and analyzed, and a mathematical model that can be used in actual engineering is obtained, so as to reflect the actual engineering application value.

Myocardial infarction (MI), which causes irreversible damage and loss of cardiomyocytes, is the most important cause of death in the world. MicroRNA is an important regulator of physiological and pathological activities of cardiovascular system. The aim of this research was to study the effect of microRNA-323-3p (miR-323-3p) on MI and its underlying mechanisms of action.A rat model of MI was established to measure the expression of miR-323-3p, Bax, Bcl-2, SOD1, and SOD2 in ischemic myocardial tissue, and the cardiac function of rats were tested at seventh day after MI. H9c2 cells were divided into control group, miRNA negative control (NC) transfection group, miR-323-3p mimic (miR-323-3p min) transfection group, and then, treated with H2O2. Oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells were observed by Western blot, Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, SOD activity assay, TUNEL staining, DHR dye assay, etc. RESULTS: The level of miR-323-3p was decreased in ischemic myocardium, as well as H2O2-treated H9c2 cells. MiR-323-3p overexpression greatly decreased the level of Bax and increased the levels of SOD1, SOD2, and Bcl-2. After treated with miR-323-3p mimic, TUNEL positive cells were greatly reduced, and apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells was greatly decreased. Moreover, SOD levels significantly increased, while ROS production decreased after treatment of miR-323-3p. After intravenous injection of miR-323-3p agomir in rats with MI, the cardiac function of the rats was significantly improved. Western blot and Luciferase reporter gene experiments illustrated that miR-323-3p acts by targeting TGF-β2.MiR-323-3p was downregulated in ischemic myocardium and H2O2-treated H9c2 cells, and miR-323-3p overexpression reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The protective function was achieved via regulation of TGF-β2/JNK pathway.

A variety of dermatological lesions have been described in COVID-19, although the prevalence and pathogenic relationship remain unclear particularly for chilblain-like lesions. Dermatological examination was performed in a prospective cohort of consecutive patients seen at the service for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Out of 417 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection [median age 29.5 years (range 15–65); 62.5% males], dermatological lesions were detected in 7 (1.7%). Three patients had acral lesions; their age (range) was 15–29 years; all had a negative nasopharyngeal swab and developed IgG and/or IgM-specific antibodies; all presented none or mild symptoms. A fourth patient remained negative at repeated testing; mother, father and sister had a documented mild COVID-19. Non-acral lesions were observed in four older patients, with severe COVID-19. Chilblain-like lesions may be the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection; their presence in asymptomatic school children and adolescents should be considered a potential signal of familial or community spread of the virus.

To explore the sensitivity ofThe resistance ofThe resistance indexes ofAfter decades of chemical control

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) have a central role in follicle growth, maturation and oestrus, but no clear pathway in the seasonal oestrus of yak (Bos grunniens) has been found. To better understand the role of FSH and LH in seasonal oestrus in the yak, six yaks were slaughtered while in oestrus, and the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads were collected. Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical assays, we determined the mRNA and protein expression of the FSH and LH receptors (FSHR and LHR) in these organs. The analysis showed that the FSHR mRNA expression level was higher in the pituitary gland tissue compared with LHR (p

Smart dressings, which show obvious advantage and potential in wound treatment and real-time monitoring, attract widespread attention in recent years. Real-time and dynamic acquiring wound information is vital to the treatment and prognosis of wound. Further research on smart dressings is helpful for wound management, personalized treatment, and realization of medical application translation of health monitoring technology. In the article, we categorize smart dressings and conclude their functions according to the type of micro-environment information of wound gathered by smart dressings.智能传感敷料因在创面治疗和实时监护方面展现出的明显优势及发展潜力，近些年受到广泛关注。实时、动态获取创面相关信息对创面的治疗及预后的评估至关重要。对智能传感敷料的进一步研究将有助于创面管理与个体化治疗，并实现健康监测技术的医学应用转化。本文根据智能传感敷料采集创面微环境信息的类别对智能传感敷料分类并对其功能进行综述。.

The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep development process through precancerous lesions. A precancerous lesion of HCC is classified into hepatocyte dysplasia at the cytological level and dysplastic nodules at the histological level, and the corresponding lesion subtypes have different risks of canceration. Pathology is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of early stage HCC and its precancerous lesions. However, it also faces many difficulties and challenges, such as the accumulation of experience in the pathological diagnosis, the understanding and grasp of key points of histopathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis, the combination application of immune and molecular diagnostic markers, and many others. This article briefly discusses the key points of pathological features and differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions of HCC.肝细胞癌（HCC）的发生是一个经过癌前病变的多步骤发展过程。HCC的癌前病变分为细胞学水平上的肝细胞异型增生和组织学水平上的异型增生结节，相应的病变亚型又具有不同的癌变风险。病理是诊断早期HCC及其癌前病变的"金标准"，但也面临肝脏病理诊断经验的积累、组织病理学诊断和鉴别诊断要点的理解与把握、免疫和分子诊断标志物的组合应用等诸多困难和挑战。现对HCC癌前病变的病理特点及鉴别诊断要点进行简要讨论。.

目的 比较颗粒免疫过滤法（PIFA）和乳胶免疫比浊法（LIA）检测肝素/血小板因子4（PF4）复合物抗体在诊断肝素诱导的血小板减少症（HIT）中的效力。 方法 前瞻性分析2016年5月至2018年7月连续送检至我院行肝素/PF4复合物抗体（HIT抗体）检测的94例疑诊HIT患者的临床资料、检测结果，并随访治疗方案及疗效。根据患者临床资料评估4Ts评分、结合患者临床结局诊断或排除HIT，并据此分析单独或联合应用PIFA法及LIA法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV），并以4Ts评分为先验概率分析其诊断HIT的后验概率（PTP）。 结果 在94例患者中，15例（16.0%）患者临床诊断为HIT，中危组37例中有6例（16.2%），高危组15例中有9例（60.0%）。PIFA法的诊断效力：灵敏度100%（15/15），特异度51.9%（41/80），PPV 28.3%（15/53），NPV 100%（41/41），4Ts评分中危、高危的阳性PTP分别为28.7%、75.7%，阴性PTP均为0%。LIA的诊断效力：灵敏度66.7%（10/15），特异度94.9%（75/79），PPV 71.4%（10/14），NPV 93.8%（75/80），4Ts评分中危、高危的阳性PTP分别为71.8%、95.2%，阴性PTP分别为6.3%、34.4%。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示，LIA法诊断价值大于PIFA法，两种检测方法联合应用优于单一检测方法。 结论 4Ts评分系统是临床诊断HIT的重要依据，联合肝素/PF4抗体检测可提高确诊和除外HIT的准确性。尽管LIA法的诊断价值优于PIFA法，PIFA法以其100%的NPV和临床操作方便性也具备一定优势。联合应用两种方法检测可获得更高的诊断效力。

To study the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-146a on the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore its regulatory effect on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.The UC model in rats was established using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and miR-146a inhibitor group, with 10 rats in each group. The disease activity index (DAI) and the macroscopic score of colonic mucosa were measured in each rat. MiR-146a expression in rat intestinal tissues was detected via quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, Western blotting assay was performed to detect protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in rat intestinal tissues.Compared with those in control group, rats in model group had notably increased DAI, inflammation score, upregulated expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and miR-146a, as well as increased serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. However, rats in miR-146a inhibitor group exhibited substantially decreased DAI, inflammation score, lowered content of IL-1β and TNF-α and levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB compared with those in model group.We found that miR-146a inhibitor alleviates UC by reducing the release of inflammatory factors through suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with human carcinogenesis. The aim of the study is to explore the biological functions of MEG3 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).QRT-PCR analysis was performed to assess the expression of MEG3 in 35 pairs of LSCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion capacities were determined by CCK8 assay and transwell assay in Hep-2 cell. QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the relative expression of Twist1, E-cadherin and Vimentin in Hep-2 cells.In the study, our results showed that MEG3 expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Lower MEG3 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage of patients. Knockdown of MEG3 significantly promotes cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process by upregulating Twist1 and Vimentin expression and reducing E-cadherin expression in Hep-2 cell. Conversely, upregulation of MEG3 had the inhibiting effects in Hep-2 cell.These results suggested that MEG3 may serve as a novel potentially therapeutic target for LSCC treatment.

Deregulated expression of miRNAs contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). miR-504-3p, one of these miRNAs, has been found have upregulated expression in various human malignancies. Our present study aimed to detect the expression of miR-504-3p and its biological effect in AML.Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to evaluate the expression level of miR-504-3p in AML cell lines and the serum from AML cases. The correlations between miR-504-3p and AML patients' clinicopathological characteristics, as well as AML patients' overall survival, were statistically assessed. Moreover, we investigated the effect of miR-504-3p knockdown on AML cells by CCK-8, Transwell assays and flow cytometry, in vitro. The Western blot, RT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay were performed to evaluate the relationship between miR-504-3p and its downstream target genes. Finally, the biological function of MTHFD2 was also analyzed.The expression levels of miR-504-3p were significantly down-regulated in the serum of AML patients and cell lines, and its low expression was positively associated with advanced clinical stages and poor prognosis of AML patients. Functional assays indicated that overexpression of miR-504-3p leads to AML cell growth arrest, invasion and migration inhibition, and elevated rates of apoptosis. We also found that miR-504-3p regulated the expression of MTHFD2 by binding to its 3'-UTR, and knockdown of MTHFD2 significantly suppressed AML cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis.Our findings provide important evidence that supports the role of miR-504-3p as a tumor suppressor in AML via the inhibition of MTHFD2 expression.

In early August 2006, a disease caused severe losses in a 1,400-ha field of 5-month-old tobacco plants in Kuandian and Fengcheng Counties, Dandong City of Liaoning in northeast China. Symptoms were observed on almost every plant. Disease symptoms were subsequently observed at nearly 100% incidence in 2,000 ha of fields from three towns in Kaiyuan County and two towns in Xifeng County, Tieling City, Liaoning Province in the second half of August 2006. Symptoms first appeared on leaves as small (2 mm) water soaked spots, and developed into expanded, dark brown lesions (2 cm) on the middle to lower leaves. Each lesion exhibited concentric rings, a necrotic center, and a tear in the center and margin that often resulted in a shot-hole appearance. Fungal isolates were obtained from the margins of lesions that were surface-sterilized by dipping each leaf section into 75% ethyl alcohol for 3 sec, then in 0.1% HgCl2 for 15 sec, rinsing in sterilized distilled water three times, and plating the leaf section onto half-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). Six isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on the basis of mycelial characteristics: multinucleate cells, septate hyphae constricted at the junction of hyphae, and hyphal branching at approximately right angles (3). The sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA from each of six isolates was amplified by PCR assay using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ219152 to JQ219157) matched 100% with the ITS sequence of an isolate of R. solani AG-3 (GQ885147). Koch's postulates were conducted for each of the six isolates by wound-inoculating six tobacco leaves (cv. NC89) detached from a total of three 8-week-old plants. Each tobacco leaf was first surface-sterilized in 0.5% NaOCl for 30 sec, rinsed in sterilized distilled water, and wounded at each of four locations by inserting a needle into the leaf. Each leaf was inoculated by depositing a PDA plug (0.5 cm diameter) colonized with R. solani onto each of the four wounds; wounded control leaves (six tobacco leaves from a total of three plants) were inoculated similarly with non-colonized PDA plugs. Inoculated leaves were incubated at 28°C in natural light within a plastic container covered with a hyaline cap to maintain high relative humidity. Symptoms similar to those observed on the original plants developed on inoculated leaves within 3 days, but not on the control leaves. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic leaves but not from control leaves and showed morphological characteristics consistent with those of R. solani. Tobacco target spot has been recorded in South America (1), South Africa (4), Argentina, and the USA (2). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of target spot caused by R. solani AG-3 on flue-cured tobacco in China. References: (2) J. S. Johnk et al. Phytopathology 83:854, 1993. (4) H. D. Shew et al. Plant Dis. 69:901, 1985. (1) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991. (3) E. Vargas. Turrialba 23:357, 1973.

In order to explore the influence of the arrangement of PV cells on the heat transfer performance of the PV insulating window, this paper uses the finite element calculation software to conduct the heat transfer process of the PV insulating window using the bulk-shaped, square-shaped and stripe-shaped PV cell arrangements respectively Simulation analysis and calculation. The results show that the surface temperature of the PV window using the stripe-shaped PV cells is the lowest, and the surface temperature of the PV window using the bulk-shaped PV cells is the highest. The temperature difference between winter and summer is 4°C and 2.5°C. The former has the smallest comprehensive heat transfer coefficient in summer, which can reduce the adverse effect of PV cells on the building cooling load.

During the crack propagation, crack tip contains stress odd singularity and has specific yield range. As the cycling loading continuing, the crack grows in the plastic zone. So the plastic zone is crucial to crack propagation action. In this paper, the crack propagation route was observed in different microstrctures, the deformation characteristic of plastic zone was analyzed for equiaxed structure and lamellar structure. The results show that crack propagation path is more straighter in equiaxed structure than that in lamellar structure. There were more tiny cracks near the crack surface in the lamellar structure during the crack growth, which shows that lamellar structure has a bigger plastic zone during the deformation.The plastic deformation need absorb the energy, which hinders the crack propagation.

Parapharyngeal space refers to the potential space under skull base between masticatory muscles and pharyngeal muscles, ranging from skull base at the top to hyoid bone at the bottom. The outer lateral wall consists of medial pterygoid muscle, deep parotid lobe and lower jawbone, lateral pharyngeal wall, medial pterygoid, deep lobe of parotid gland and mandible constitute the lateral wall, lateral pharyngeal wall forms medial wall, and prevertebral fascia constitutes the posterior wall, generally forming an inverted pyramid lacuna. Parapharyngeal space is divided into prestyloid space and poststyloid space by stylopharygeal fascia. Prestyloid space is relatively small and contains levator veli palatinetensor veli palatine, branches of maxillary artery, mandibular nerve and its branches. Poststyloid space is relatively large. It includes internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, posterior cranial nerves, etc. Poststyloid space tumors are relatively rare. In this report, a case of ganglioneuroma wrapping right internal carotid artery is described, which is resected through oral approach.

Aim To retrospectively identify clinicopathological and radiological characteristics that could be independent predictors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 and 21 mutation in surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas in a cohort of Asian patients. Materials and methods Demographics, histopathology data, and preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated retrospectively in 471 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas. A total of 24 CT descriptors were assessed. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predicted factors of harbouring EGFR mutations. Results EGFR mutations were existed in 252 (53.5%) of 471 patients, and associated with 11 clinicoradiological features. For the model with both clinical and radiological features, the independent predictors of harbouring EGFR mutation were small maximum diameter (≤3.9 cm), non-smokers, micropapillary pattern, pleural retraction, vascular convergence, and absence of solid pattern. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.784. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that non-smokers, vascular convergence, and absence of solid pattern were important independent predictors of EGFR exon 19 mutation, while non-smokers and vascular convergence were independent predictors of EGFR exon 21 mutation. The AUCs were 0.807 and 0.794, respectively. A lepidic growth pattern appeared more frequently in exon 21 mutant tumours than in exon 19 mutant group (p Conclusion CT imaging features of lung adenocarcinomas in combination with clinical variables could be used to prognosticate EGFR mutation status. The separate analysis of EGFR exon 19 or 21 mutation could further improve diagnostic performance.

Since March 2013, China had experienced five seasonal epidemics related to Avian influenza A (H7N9). An unprecedented outbreak of H7N9 epidemic started from September 2016, with 730 cases reported till June 30(th) 2017, in mainland China that caused profound influences on both social development and health of the people. As an emerging infectious disease, information on pathogenic characteristics, transmission patterns and other epidemiological features of H7N9 virus somehow remained unclear. Data from previous studies suggested that the live poultry market (LPM) seemed to have served as main places where H7N9 virus got originated, mutated, spread and thus infected the human beings. Hence, closure of LPMs was suggested a major measure to control and prevent H7N9 epidemics in China. However, the effectiveness of different ways of LPM closures on H7N9 epidemics had been controversial. This study systemically summarized the effects of different ways of LPM closures on H7N epidemics from previous studies, aiming to provide references for developing a better program on H7N9 control and prevention in the country.自2013年3月我国经历了5次人感染H7N9禽流感大流行，其中2016年9月至2017年6月30日内地报告病例730例。目前尽管对人感染H7N9禽流感的病原学、传播规律、流行特征尚缺乏深入了解，但现有研究提示活禽交易市场可能是病毒来源、变异、传播和感染人类的主要场所，而关闭活禽市场已成为目前防控该疫情的主要手段。但不同形式的活禽交易市场休市对人感染H7N9禽流感流行的影响仍未明确。本文综述了我国不同形式的活禽市场休市对人感染H7N9禽流感流行的影响。.

Phase transformations during hot rolling is determined for the forged and β heat treated TC21 titanium alloys. The results show that β heat treatment has a great effect on phase constitution. Three types of precipitates, namely, α2, ω and (Ti, Zr)5Si3 phase is observed in the rolled forged materials, whereas the rolled β heat treated materials exhibites the presence of lamellar α and type 2α precipitate. The influence of β heat treatment on the phase transformations has been discussed on the basis of alloying elements, and β heat treatment can eliminate or decrease elemental segregation.

Because of many types of electrical equipment with high power in substations, the potentiality of energy conservation is quite large. From this viewpoint, thermoelectric materials may be chosen to produce electrical energy using the waste heat produced in substations. Hence, a thermoelectric generation system which can recycle the waste heat from electric transformers was proposed to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the burden of the oil cooling system. An experimental prototype was fabricated to perform the experiment and to verify the feasibility. The experimental results showed that the output power could achieve 16 W from waste heat of 900 W, and that the power conversion efficiency was approximately 1.8%. Therefore, power generation is feasible by using the waste heat from the transformers based on thermoelectric technology.

Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that provides quantitative flow information with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, it is only sensitive to the flow velocity vector parallel to the incident beam. To calculate the absolute velocity, it is necessary to obtain the angle between the incident beam and flow field. In this paper, we describe a practical method to measure the Doppler angle based on the structural information of blood vessels extracted from spectral domain OCT images. In this method, a normal sectional scan of the vessel is performed where the probe beam is perpendicular to the vessel. Next, the axial diameter (Z direction) of the vessel (D

目的 评价重组人血小板生成素（rhTPO）减量维持治疗对于原发免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）的有效性和安全性。 方法 ITP患者接受连续2周的rhTPO治疗（300 U·kg−1·d−1），PLT ≥ 50×109/L者进入维持治疗。入组者初始给予隔日用药方案，根据血小板计数调整rhTPO给药间隔，维持PLT（30~100）×109/L，维持治疗共12周。 结果 在91例rhTPO治疗有效的患者中，14例退出研究（12例依从性欠佳，2例经研究者决定换用其他治疗方案）。77例患者完成研究，其中38例在12周维持治疗中始终维持治疗有效（PLT≥30×109/L）。在维持治疗第4、8、12周时，治疗有效率分别为92.6%（63/68）、82.7%（43/52）、85.0%（34/40）。所有接受治疗患者的中位血小板计数波动于（70~124）×109/L。rhTPO相关不良反应发生率为7.7%，均为轻度。 结论 延长给药间隔的减低剂量rhTPO维持治疗可使绝大多数ITP患者的血小板计数维持于安全水平，但给药间隔差异较大，需进行个体化调整。

Internet data is introduced into public health arena under the features of fast updating and tremendous volume. Mining and analyzing internet data, researchers can model the internet-based surveillance system to assess the distribution of health-related events. There are two main types of internet-based surveillance systems, i.e. active and passive, which are distinguished by the sources of information. Through passive surveillance system, information is collected from search engine and social media while the active system gathers information through provision of the volunteers. Except for serving as a real-time and convenient complementary approach to traditional disease, food safety and adverse drug reaction surveillance program, Internet-based surveillance system can also play a role in health-related behavior surveillance and policy evaluation. Although several techniques have been applied to filter information, the accuracy of internet-based surveillance system is still bothered by the false positive information. In this article, we have summarized the development and application of internet-based surveillance system in public health to provide reference for a better surveillance program in China.互联网数据因其更新快和数据量丰富的特点被引入公共卫生监测领域。通过挖掘分析互联网中丰富的健康相关信息，研究者建立基于互联网的公共卫生监测系统，以快速估计人群中健康相关事件的分布。基于互联网的公共卫生监测系统根据信息来源不同可分为主动式监测系统和被动式监测系统。相较于传统监测系统，基于互联网的监测系统具有及时性佳和成本低的优点，还可在健康相关行为监测和卫生政策评价等传统监测力所不逮的领域发挥作用。但由于假阳性消息的存在，基于互联网的监测系统存在准确性不佳的缺点。本文介绍基于互联网的公共卫生监测进展及其在疾病预警中的应用，为我国开展相关工作提供参考。.

Tensile tests were carried out at ambient temperature on one kind of near α titanium alloy named Ti-600 before and after being exposed at 600°C for 100 h. Fractography morphologies were investigated and fracture mechanisms were analysed. The results indicate that, compared with the sample without thermal exposure, the strength of the sample without oxidising layers increases by 1% or so, while the elongation decreases by about 20·4% for the alloy after thermal exposure. For the sample with oxidising layers, the ultimate strength decreases somewhat and the elongation decreases by 48·9%, indicating that the plasticity decreases abruptly during the thermal exposure process. For the solutioned plus aged samples, cracks originated from the centre of the fracture, and dimple-type fractures could be found. After long thermal exposure, for the samples without oxidising layers, hybrid fractures (both dimples and cleavage facets) can be seen. However, for the samples with oxidising layers, only cleavage fac...

Nucleotide and codon usage are typically examined to investigate viral evolution. In this study, we analyzed the genetic information of 46 strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) RNA, nucleotide usage in the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), the nucleotide context surrounding the initiation codon, and synonymous codon usage in the translation initiation region. Phylogenetic analysis of the IRES element indicated that the genetic diversity of this element is generally similar to the phylogenetic clusters of CSFV genotypes. Nucleotides surrounding the initiation codon of CSFV RNA were generally more stable (ACAUGGCACAUGGAGUUG) compared to the internal AUG in the CSFV coding sequence. The second codon position after the initiation codon was generally selected to be GAG, which has lower tRNA abundance in pigs than its synonymous member (GAA). Regarding the synonymous codon usage bias in the CSFV translation initiation region, some codons showing low tRNA abundance in pigs are more frequently located in the translation initiation region than in the open reading frame of CSFV. Although CSFV, similarly to other RNA viruses, has a high mutation rate in nature, the regulatory features of nucleotide and synonymous codon usage of the IRES element, the nucleotide context surrounding the initiation codon and the translation initiation region in CSFV RNA have been 'branded' in the system of translation initiation to accommodate gene expression mediated by the cap-independent translation mechanism.

Adaptation in the overall codon usage pattern of West Nile virus (WNV) to that of two hosts was estimated based on the synonymous codon usage value (RSCU). Synonymous codon usage biases for the beginning coding sequence of this virus were also analyzed by calculating the usage fluctuation for each synonymous codon along the target region (the first 270 codon sites of the whole coding sequence of WNV). Adaptation of WNV to Anopheles gambiae regarding the overall codon usage revealed a mixture of synonymous codon usage patterns between this virus and its vector. Regarding the adaptation of WNV to its dead-end host and codon usage, although a mixture of overall codon usage patterns exists, the number of codons with reversed tendency codon usage is lower than that between the virus and its vector. In addition, some codons with low RSCU values for this virus are highly selected in the beginning translation region of WNV, while codons with low RSCU values in this region tend to pair with tRNAs present in low abundance in the host, suggesting that highly selected codons in a specific region in the beginning region of WNV are, to some degree, influenced by the corresponding low tRNA abundance of hosts to regulate the translation speed of the WNV polyprotein.

Introduction – White grape pomace is not subject to maceration, keeping nearly all polyphenols of grapes, so they represent important sources of bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins. Preparation of plant polyphenol extracts is usually performed using raw material powder. However, the fine particles make the further extraction procedure steps more difficult. Objective – To study the effect of mechanical treatments on extraction yields and anti-oxidant activity from different parts of white grape pomace. Methods – Skins, stems and seeds were isolated from the pomace of white winemaking process. Sequential solvent extraction of polyphenols, first using 80% methanol in water followed by 75% acetone in water, was carried out on both entire and milled (< 1 mm) grape solids; extraction on seed polyphenols was also performed in its squashed form. The phenolic content of each extract was verified by spectrometric and HPLC methods and its anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl test. Results – More total polyphenols can be extracted from each milled tissue than from its entire form. Seeds present the highest total phenol, oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidin content, and similar extraction yield was found between milled and squashed tissues. The HPLC analysis showed no difference in extraction yield of low-molecular-weight proanthocyanidins between milled and entire stems. Anti-oxidant activity showed a positive correlation with total phenol content, galloyled oligomers and polymeric proanthocyanidins. Conclusion – The use of entire stems and squashed seeds for solvent extraction of polyphenols makes manipulation simpler and more cost-efficient, providing similar extraction yields to using their powdery forms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ten sweetpotato viruses were surveyed in 3 major sweetpotato planting region (covering 11 provinces) in China from 2006 to 2010 to understand the distribution of sweetpotato viral diseases. Nine out of the 10 viruses were found in every major planting region. The most frequently detected virus in the Northern and the Yangtze River region was SPMSV. In the Southern region, SPVG was the most frequently detected virus. Compared to the results of the survey done in 1989, the incidences of all the viral diseases increased.