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Schizophrenia patients often suffer from deficit in theory of mind (TOM). Prior neuroimaging studies revealed neuroimaging correlates of TOM deficit in adults with schizophrenia, neuroimaging correlates of TOM in adolescents is less well established. This study aimed to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and TOM deficits in schizophrenic adolescents, and examine the relationship between them. Twenty adolescent schizophrenic patients and 25 age, sex-matched healthy controls underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and were examined for TOM based on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET). Univariate voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM) were employed to examine alterations of two GMV phenotypes in schizophrenic adolescents: voxel-wise GMV and covarying structural brain patterns (SBPs). Compared with controls, our results revealed a significant deficit in RMET performance of the patients, Voxel-wise VBM analysis revealed that patients exhibited decreased GMV in bilateral insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and right rolandic operculum, and GMV of these brain regions were positively correlated with RMET performance. Multivariate SBM analysis identified a significantly different between-group SBP comprising of bilateral insula and inferior frontal cortex, bilateral superior temporal cortex, and bilateral lateral parietal cortex and right rolandic operculum. The loading scores of this SBP was positively correlated with RMET performance. This study revealed impairment of TOM ability in schizophrenic adolescents and revealed an association between TOM deficit and decreased GMV in regions which are crucial for social cognition, thereby provided insight and possible target regions for understanding the neural pathology and normalizing TOM deficit in adolescent schizophrenia patients.

BackgroundFrontotemporal cortex dysfunction has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). In patients with adolescent-onset SCZ, a more serious type of SCZ with poorer functional outcome, cognitive impairment appeared to occur at an early stage of the disease. However, the characteristics of frontotemporal cortex involvement in adolescent patients with cognitive impairment are still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the frontotemporal hemodynamic response during a cognitive task in adolescents with first-episode SCZ.MethodsAdolescents with first-episode SCZ who were aged 12-17 and demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. We used a 48-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system to record the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the participants' frontotemporal area during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and analyzed its correlation with clinical characteristics.ResultsData from 36 adolescents with SCZ and 38 HCs were included in the analyses. Significant differences were found between patients with SCZ and HCs in 24 channels, mainly covering the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyrus and frontopolar area. Adolescents with SCZ showed no increase of oxy-Hb concentration in most channels, while the VFT performance was comparable between the two groups. In SCZ, the intensity of activation was not associated with the severity of symptoms. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the changes in oxy-Hb concentration could help distinguish the two groups.ConclusionAdolescents with first-episode SCZ showed atypical cortical activity in the frontotemporal area during the VFT, and fNIRS features might be more sensitive indicators in cognitive assessment, indicating that the characteristic hemodynamic response pattern might be potential imaging biomarkers for this population.

BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is the most prevalent type of malignancy and the second most common form of primary liver cancer, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Necroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that appears to be involved in the regulation of several aspects of cancer biology, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer immunity. This study aimed to construct a necroptosis-related gene (NRG) signature to investigate the prognosis of CHOL patients using an integrated bioinformatics analysis.MethodsCHOL patient data were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE89748, GSE107943) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, with NRGs data from the necroptosis pathway in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to establish the NRG signatures. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves were used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with CHOL. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify key NRG-associated biological signaling pathways. We also applied integrative multi-omics analysis to the high- and low-risk score groups. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to clarify the relationship between the NRG signature and immune infiltration.Results65 differentially expressed (DE) NRGs were screened, five of which were selected to establish the prognostic signature of NRGS based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. We observed that low-risk patients survived significantly longer than high-risk patients. We found that patients with high-risk scores experienced higher immune cell infiltration, drug resistance, and more somatic mutations than patients with low-risk scores. We further found that sensitivities to GW843682X, mitomycin C, rapamycin, and S-trityl-L-cysteine were significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Finally, we validated the expression of five NRGs in CHOL tissues using the TCGA database, HPA database and our clinical data.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that the five-NRG prognostic signature for CHOL patients is reasonably accurate and valid, and it may prove to be of considerable value for the treatment and prognosis of CHOL patients in the future.

ObjectivesCyberbullying is quite common in adolescents and college students, and it influences mental health in many aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying in Chinese college students and to look for related factors.MethodsEight thousand and ninety-eight college students aged 17–26 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We collected information of their sociodemographic data, depression (evaluated by Self-Rating Depression Scale), anxiety (evaluated by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale), lifetime suicidal behaviors (including suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicide attempts), and experiences of cyberbullying for the past 12 months by online questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of cyberbullying for the past 12 months was 7.82% (633/8,098) among college students. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that sex (odds ratio, OR = 0.522, 95%CI = 0.433–0.629, p < 0.001), suicide attempts (OR = 2.164, 95%CI = 1.589–2.948, p < 0.001), depression (OR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.602–3.512, p < 0.001), and anxiety (OR = 1.911, 95%CI = 1.305–2.800, p = 0.001) were independently associated with cyberbullying.ConclusionCyberbullying is very common among college students in Hunan Province, China. Besides, being male, suicide attempts, depression and anxiety were independently associated with cyberbullying, which highlights the importance of paying attention to cyberbullying and addressing anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors among college students to better improve their mental health and prevent suicide.

Escherichia coli cysteine desulfurase (CD), IscS, modifies basal metabolism by transferring sulphur (S) from L-cysteine to numerous cellular pathways, whereas NFS1, a human CD, is active only in the formation of the [Acp]2:[ISD11]2:[NFS1]2 complex. Despite the accumulation of red-coloured IscS in E. coli cells as a result of the deficiency of accessible iron, as revealed in our previous studies, the mechanism of the potential enzymatic reaction remains unclear. In this study, the N-terminus of IscS was fused with the C-terminus of NFS1, which was reported to be almost fully active as IscS and exhibits a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) absorption peak at 395 nm. Moreover, SUMO-EH-IscS exhibited significant growth recovery and NADH-dehydrogenase I activity in the iscS mutant cells. Furthermore, through in vitro and in vivo experiments combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, it was shown that the new absorption peaks of the IscS H104Q, IscS Q183E, IscS K206A, and IscS K206A&C328S variants at 340 and 350 nm may correspond to the enzyme reaction intermediates, Cys-ketimine and Cys-aldimine, respectively. However, after mutation of the conserved active-site residues, additional absorption peaks at 420 and 430 nm were associated with PLP migration in the active-site pocket. Additionally, the corresponding absorption peaks of Cys-quinonoid, Ala-ketimine, and Ala-aldimine intermediates in IscS were 510, 325, and 345 nm, respectively, as determined by site-directed mutagenesis and substrate/product-binding analyses during the CD reaction process. Notably, red IscS formed in vitro by incubating IscS variants (Q183E and K206A) with excess L-alanine and sulphide under aerobic conditions produced an absorption peak similar to the wild-type IscS, at 510 nm. Interestingly, site-directed mutation of IscS with hydrogen bonds to PLP at Asp180 and Gln183 resulted in a loss of enzymatic activity followed by an absorption peak consistent with NFS1 (420 nm). Furthermore, mutations at Asp180 or Lys206 inhibited the reaction of IscS in vitro with L-cysteine (substrate) and L-alanine (product). These results suggest that the conserved active site residues (His104, Asp180, and Gln183) and their hydrogen bond with PLP in the N-terminus of IscS play a key role in determining whether the L-cysteine substrate can enter the active-site pocket and regulate the enzymatic reaction process. Therefore, our findings provide a framework for evaluating the roles of conserved active-site residues, motifs, and domains in CDs.

Background: The GAP Activity Towards Rags 1 (GATOR1) complex, which includes DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3, plays a key role in epilepsy. It has been reported that focal epilepsy is associated with mutations in the NPRL3 gene in some cases. We report two rare mutations in the NPRL3 gene in two unrelated Chinese families with focal epilepsy in this study.Methods: The proband and her brother in family E1 first experienced seizures at 1.5 and 6 years of age, respectively. Despite resection of epileptogenic foci, she still suffered recurrent seizures. The first seizure of a 20-year-old male proband in family E2 occurred when he was 2 years old. To identify pathogenic variants in these families, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on genomic DNA from peripheral blood.Results: In family E1, the trio-WES analysis of the proband and her brother without apparent structural brain abnormalities identified a heterozygous variant in the NPRL3 gene (c.954C>A, p.Y318*, NM_001077350.3). In family E2, the proband carried a heterozygous NPRL3 mutation (c.1545-1G>C, NM_001077350.3). Surprisingly, the mothers of the two probands each carried the variants, but neither had an attack. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the mutation (c.954C>A) was in the highly conserved amino acid residues of NPRL3, which affected the α-helix of NPRL3 protein, leading to a truncated protein. The splice variant (c.1545-1G>C) resulted in the loss of the last exon of the NPRL3 gene.Conclusion: The results of this study provide a foundation for diagnosing NPRL3-related epilepsy by enriching their genotypes and phenotypes and help us identify the genetic etiologies of epilepsy in these two families.

Ecological breeding (eco-breeding) is a systematic ecological farming method for the benefit of the environment and human health, but farmers have adopted this method only to a lesser extent. The main objective of this study was to examine the factors that influence farmers' intentions to use eco-breeding methods. The study model was a combined application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the normative activation model (NAM) to investigate the intentions of 527 Chinese farmers to engage in eco-breeding practices. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that although the farmers' intention to adopt eco-breeding practices was influenced by both self-interested and altruistic motives, self-interested motives had a greater impact on the farmers' choices. Furthermore, favorable attitudes had the greatest effect on the farmers' intentions to implement eco-breeding, while past habits had no statistically significant effect on the intentions. Nonetheless, past habits significantly influenced attitudes and perceived behavior control in the combined model. In addition, the findings indicated that awareness of consequences had a significant effect on personal norms and the attribution of responsibility. Overall, the findings demonstrate the good efficiency as well as comprehensiveness of the integrated TPB-NAM in explaining the farmers' intentions to engage in eco-breeding practices. This study increases our understanding of the factors influencing the farmers' adoption of eco-breeding practices and helps to promote the adoption of eco-breeding in rural areas while providing a basis for the development of eco-breeding policy interventions.

Understanding dynamic future changes in precipitation can provide prior information for nonpoint source pollution simulations under global warming. However, the evolution of the dependence structure and the unevenness characteristics of precipitation are rarely considered. This study applied a two-stage bias correction to daily precipitation and max/min temperature data in the Daqing River Basin (DQRB) with the HadGEM3-RA climate model. Validated from 1981 to 2015, future scenarios under two emission paths covering 2031–2065 and 2066–2100 were projected to assess variations in both the amount and unevenness of precipitation. The results suggested that, overall, the two-stage bias correction could reproduce the marginal distributions of variables and the evolution process of the dependence structure. In the future, the amount of precipitation in the plains is expected to increase more than that in the mountains, while precipitation unevenness, as measured by relative entropy, shows a slight increase in the mountains and a decrease in the plains, with enhanced seasonality. Conditioned on rising temperatures, high-/low-intensity precipitation tends to intensify/weaken precipitation unevenness. Additionally, the potential application of the bias correction method used herein and the possible impacts of uneven precipitation on nonpoint source pollution are given for further analyses. This study can provide useful information for future nonpoint source pollution simulations in the DQRB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-16066-9.

Ryanodine receptor 2 (At the age of 2 years and 7 months, the patient experienced seizures, such as eye closure, tooth clenching, clonic jerking and hemifacial spasm, as well as abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Then, he was analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The mutations of both the proband and his parents were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of the variant was further assessed by population-based variant frequency screening, evolutionary conservation comparison, and American Association for Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) scoring.WES sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous truncating mutation [c.12670G T,We proposed that RYR2 is a potential candidate gene for focal epilepsy, and epilepsy patients carried with RYR2 variants should be given more attention, even if they do not show cardiac abnormalities.

Nowadays, the application of supercapacitor in energy storage is more and more extensive, and the selection and preparation of electrode material have become a formidable challenge. Polyaniline (PANI) has turned into one of the most hopeful conductive polymers due to its superior properties. In this article, conductive polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization to acquire excellent electrochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements were adopted to explore the microstructure and energy storage capacity. The PANI is in coralline network morphology with high surface area, which can supply more active sites during charge and discharge process. The PANI shows a high specific capacitance value of 790 F/g, and the highest conductivity is 15.5 S/cm. The consequence shows that PANI synthesized under certain conditions has a promising feasibility for applications in high-performance supercapacitor electrode material.

Transitory starch is the portion of starch that is synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used for plant growth overnight. Here, we report altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3 (weak auxin response 1/3) mutants of Arabidopsis. WXR1/WXR3 were previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedlings and affect the auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis. In this study the wxr1/wxr3 mutants accumulated transitory starch in cotyledon, young leaf, and hypocotyl at the end of night. WXR1/WXR3 expression showed diurnal variation. Grafting experiments indicated that the WXRs in root were necessary for proper starch metabolism and plant growth. We also found that photosynthesis was inhibited and the transcription level of DIN1/DIN6 (Dark-Inducible 1/6) was reduced in wxr1/wxr3. The mutants also showed a defect in the ionic equilibrium of Na+ and K+, consistent with our bioinformatics data that genes related to ionic equilibrium were misregulated in wxr1. Loss of function of WXR1 also resulted in abnormal trafficking of membrane lipids and proteins. This study reveals that the plastid proteins WXR1/WXR3 play important roles in promoting transitory starch degradation for plant growth over night, possibly through regulating ionic equilibrium in the root.

Good water quality is critical to public health and aquatic ecological security of global reservoirs. In stratified reservoirs, increasing near-term management demands foster extremely high monitoring and forecasting needs. In this study, a management assistant for stratified reservoirs (MASR) was developed, including a wave-driven monitoring platform and interpretation platform for multiple reservoir water quality variables. The wave-driven platform can adapt to the characteristics of water level changes and transmit the monitoring data through a mobile network to the reservoir manager, which are processed by the interpretation platform in real time for near-term management. After several months of application, MASR monitored 1237 groups of valid profile water quality data with an acceptable error, which showed a strong capacity for capturing the water quality dynamics in a stratified reservoir. The effective identification of thermal stratification structures and anoxic zones can help managers to design withdrawal schemes for reservoirs. Moreover, the prediction of algae state based on the back propagation (BP) neural network provided the basis for making operation plans to proactively control algae blooms. Our study provides an economical and convenient solution for stratified reservoirs to address near-term management issues.

The vertical pipe intake-outlet plays an important role in the pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), and its main parameters included the orifice height ratio (H∗), the diffuser short semi-axis ratio (a∗), the diffuser long semi-axis ratio (b∗) and the cover plate radius ratio (Rc∗). The aim of this study was to analyse effects of the parameters and obtain the optimal design. An integration method combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD), response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm was proposed. To evaluate grid independency, the grid converge index was introduced. Based on the validation for the baseline design (H∗ = 0.577, a∗ = 1.087, b∗ = 4.231 and Rc∗ = 1.635), a reliable CFD model was developed to obtain results of sample points. Then RSM models were constructed and assessed, and contribution and interactions of the parameters were analyzed. Finally, the optimal design (H∗ = 0.422, a∗ = 1.177, b∗ = 5.363 and Rc∗ = 2.115) was obtained. The CFD results show that the overall head loss coefficient, the inflow and the outflow velocity distribution coefficient are reduced by 4.687%, 11.765% and 38.596%, respectively. Especially, the negative velocity at the trashrack section in the pump mode is eliminated. The improvement demonstrates that the proposed method achieves significant superiority over the trial-and-error method traditionally adopted in the intake-outlet design.

Two kinds of Fe/amorphous carbon (a-C) submicron fibers were prepared by electrospinning using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as precursor polymer, followed by carbonization under the same conditions. Contributed to the different reaction mechanisms during the annealing process, different phases namely graphite carbon (g-C) and Fe4N formed at the interface between the Fe nanoparticles and the a-C matrix. Electromagnetic absorption properties have shown that the Fe@Fe4N submicron fibers have superior absorption performance than the Fe@g-C ones. The minimal reflection loss (RL) value of the former is − 39.8 dB at 5.4 GHz with the absorber thickness of 5.0 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ − 10 dB) can reach 5.0 GHz when the absorber thickness is 2.5 mm. By contrast, the Fe@g-C submicron fibers have little absorption. The attenuation constant, impedance matching coefficient, complex permittivity and complex permeability were investigated in detail. The microstructure and composition were explored various superior tools. The results revealed that the interface Fe4N has a critical role in affecting the magnetic loss and dielectric loss, which brings better impedance matching and relatively low dielectric loss. Therefore, the Fe@Fe4N submicron fibers have excellent microwave absorbing properties.

A temperature control curtain can effectively mitigate the negative effect of outflow temperature on the river eco-environment downstream. To investigate the response of outflow temperature to influence factors (i.e., installation position of temperature control curtain, submerged depth, temperature distribution, and outflow discharge), experiments were conducted in a nonlinearly stratified fluid. The important degree of influence factors was determined by entropy weight method. The results indicated that the effect extent of influence factors on the outflow temperature was temperature distribution, submerged depth, outflow discharge, and installation position in turn. The installation position had little effect on the outflow temperature. Increasing the outflow discharge could withdraw more warm water near the surface and increase the outflow temperature. The outflow temperature also rose with decreasing submerged depth, and more warm water above the temperature control curtain level tended to be extracted when the submerged depth was enough. Although the outflow temperature increased, its variation amplitude depended on the temperature gradient of temperature distribution and was not affected by the structural form of selective withdrawal. From the point of operation management, the minimum submerged depth was determined using sensitivity analysis to obtain maximum improvement of outflow temperature.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels between 1 and 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) are common in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. There are few clinical studies focused on this group of patients because of the poorer treatment outcomes compared to those with more than 2 × ULN ALT level. However, treatments are necessary to reduce liver damage for patients with minimally elevated ALT levels. And biomarkers are needed in predicting the treatment response. In this study, a total of 106 patients with CHB were enrolled and treated with entecavir, telbivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Liver stiffness was measured by transient elastography, and quantitative levels of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were detected by ELISA. At week 96, 31 (29.25%) patients achieved hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. Notably, baseline HBcAb levels and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were higher in patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion. The multivariate analysis showed that the baseline HBcAb levels and LSM were independent predictors for HBeAg seroconversion. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of baseline HBcAb, LSM and the combination of them for HBeAg seroconversion was 0.714, 0.720 and 0.717, respectively. In addition, we discovered that the patients with baseline HBcAb levels ≥ 4.15 log10 IU/mL and LSM ≥ 9.85 kPa had higher rates of HBeAg seroconversion. Therefore, the measurement of HBcAb and liver stiffness might be good approaches for the optimization of antiviral therapy for HBeAg-positive CHB patients with minimally elevated ALT levels.

Carbon films prepared by polyimide (PI) films treated under 1500°C exhibit favorable thermal conductivity. However, the bonds of carbon films will fracture and recombine which will cause shrinking and forming defects. The flexibility of the carbon films will be greatly reduced, and then affect the application of the carbon films in the field of thermal conduction. When the films prepared by the graphene oxide/polyimide (GO/PI) composite films and the reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (rGO/PI) composite films, respectively, rGO and GO can fill the defects, then increasing the flexibility of the carbon films and inducing the carbonation process. Because of the high thermal conductivity and the six-membered ring structure of rGO and GO, the carbonization temperature will decrease and save costs. When the composite films treated under 1500°C, the thermal conductivity increases with the content of rGO and GO. There are connections between PI and graphene. As the amount of rGO and GO increases, the strong interactions between the rGO or GO and PI lead to contact that enhances its thermal conductivity. However, the rGO and GO have different effects on the films flexibility and thermal conductivity and the differences will be described in the article.

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisted of battery and supercapacitor plays an essential role in supporting the normal operation of pulse load in vessel integrated power system (IPS) as well as improving power quality. However, due to the unique properties of the pulse load and diversified operations of the vessel, such advanced power system architectures tend to face greater challenges in optimal power allocation. In order to address the power allocation challenges, a novel optimized state-of-charge (SOC) feedback based energy management strategy is proposed for HESS in IPS to restrain the DC bus voltage fluctuation in this paper. Firstly, considering the operating characteristics of the pulse load in IPS, the optimized SOC of the HESS is introduced to the low-pass filter (LPF) with variable time constant to split the power in the HESS. Secondly, SOC recovery control of the supercapacitor is introduced to the LPF to optimize the size of the HESS as well as prolong the lifetime of the battery. Also, the enforced intervention is introduced to avoid the opposite state of the HESS. The proposed strategy can make full use of the HESS complementary characteristics to compensate the pulse load and optimize the HESS. Finally, the simulation conducted in PSCAD demonstrates the effectiveness of the strategy proposed in pulse load compensation as well as HESS optimization.

Efficient inverted (p-i-n) type CsPbI

Background: Recent studies have reported changes in the electroencephalograms (EEG) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little research has explored EEG differences between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls, particularly EEG microstates differences. The aim of the current study was to characterize EEG microstate activity in adolescents with MDD and healthy controls (HCs).Methods: A total of 35 adolescents with MDD and 35 HCs were recruited in this study. The depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the anxiety symptoms were assessed by Chinese version of DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child scale. A 64-channel EEG was recorded for 5 min (eye closed, resting-state) and analyzed using microstate analysis. Microstate properties were compared between groups and correlated with patients' depression scores.Results: We found increased occurrence and contribution of microstate B in MDD patients compared to HCs, and decreased occurrence and contribution of microstate D in MDD patients compared to HCs. While no significant correlation between depression severity (HAMD score) and the microstate metrics (occurrence and contribution of microstate B and D) differing between MDD adolescents and HCs was found.Conclusions: Adolescents with MDD showed microstate B and microstate D changes. The obtained results may deepen our understanding of dynamic EEG changes among adolescents with MDD and provide some evidence of changes in brain development in adolescents with MDD.

School bullying has attracted worldwide attention for its adverse outcomes; however, there is still a lack of research among college students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of school bullying victimization and the associated factors among Chinese college students.8098 Chinese college students from two universities in Hunan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study, and data on participants' demographic information, bullying history, suicidal behaviors, anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) and depression (Self-reporting Depression Scale) were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of school bullying.The prevalence of school bullying was 8.03% in our study. Gender (OR,0.792;95%CI[0.660,0.950]; p = 0.012); depression (OR,1.979; 95%CI[1.359,2.883]; p 0.001); anxiety (OR,1.996; 95%CI[1.388, 2.869]; p 0.001); suicidal ideation (OR,1.353;95%CI[1.087,1.684]; p = 0.007); suicide attempts (OR,1.772;95%CI[1.306,2.403]; p 0.001); family income between 30,000 and 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.763;95% CI[0.627,0.929]; p = 0.007) and family income more than 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.578;95%CI[0.461,0.725]; p 0.001) were independent correlates of school bullying. The bullying score was positively correlated with physical or mental disorder history, family history of mental disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, anxiety, depression, smoking and drinking alcohol (all p 0.05), and negatively correlated with right-handedness, good relationship with parents and family income (all p 0.05).No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.School bullying is quite common among college students. In order to improve students' mental health and prevent suicide, we should pay attention to the negative effects of bullying victimization such as depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and so on, apart from putting in place anti-bullying interventions.

The core-shell hierarchical mesoporous titanium dioxides with situ nitrogen dopen carbon and the stable architecture are synthesized by a feasible route, basing on the sol-gel, freeze-drying and calcination process. Nitrogen doped carbon is synergistically compounded with nano-TiO2 to fabricate the hybrid composite (C-N@MP-TiO2), which has high surface area of 318 m2 g−1 and large average pore size of 6.8 nm. This corresponding anode consisted of the hybrid composite exhibits superior specific capacity, rate capability, and long cycling stability. Also, the initial discharge capacity is up to 360 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 with the good capacity retention of 97% after 350 circles. The excellent rate performance presents the capacity of 173.6 mAh g−1 at the current density of 5 A g−1. Moreover, the large current reversible capacity (20 A g−1) can reach 172.2 mAh g−1 with long-term cycling stability over 500 cycles. Therefore, the superior electrochemical performances are attributed to the stable core-shell mesoporous structure and in-situ nitrogen doped carbon, which is not only improve the electron transport and lithium ion diffusion, but also facilitate the immersion of electrolyte.

In order to investigate how to enhance the teeth fracture resistance after the post and core treatment, an in vitro study was conducted to measure the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with cast post and core with two kinds of surface treatment technology and acid etching preparation on the dentinal surface. Sixty-four recently extracted human single-rooted first premolars were endodontically treated and sectioned approximately 1.5 mm above the cementoenamel junction to remove the coronal portion. Each specimen received a cast post, core build-up and a metal alloy crown restoration. All teeth were randomly divided into the smooth surface post, core repair group, the sand blasting surface post, and core repair group, each group was divided into 10 s, 30 s, 60 s acid corrosion treatment group and control group. In acid test groups, an acid etching solution was applied for 10, 30 and 60 seconds, respectively, to the root canal wall surface. Each specimen was embedded in acrylic resin block and tested in an electronic universal testing machine. Fracture loads results showed that canal acid etching could increase teeth fracture resistance strength both in smooth groups and sandblasting group, and achieved the best effect when acid etching for 30 s. Sand spray treatment on the surface of the cast metal post can improve the flexural strength of the teeth after postcrown restoration. Acid etching on the root canal wall surfaces and sand spray treatment on the surface of the cast metal post can improve the flexural strength of the root after post-crown restoration. Therefore, these two methods could be used to strengthen the tooth fracture resistance, and maintain the long-term therapeutic effect of cast post and core restoration.

The metabolism of starch, the major resource of carbohydrates and an essential determinant of plant fitness in plants, often exhibits plasticity in response to challenging environmental conditions. Previous study of leaf starch turnover under abiotic stresses documented conflicting patterns. To understand this discrepancy and examine the process in more detail, we grew Arabidopsis seedlings under a series of typical stress conditions, observed and quantified leaf starch content at different time. By electron microscope, iodine staining and starch quantification, we confirm that short-term (8 h) stress treatments, such as osmotic stress, high salinity, caused rapid starch decrease during the night while long-term (56 h) stresses increased starch content significantly. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) induced similar effects to the abiotic stresses. Comparison of the starch content in wild type (WT) and the ABA receptor quadruple mutant pyr1;pyl1;pyl2;pyl4 suggests that the stress-induced starch turnover change is also mediated by ABA-independent pathways. In addition, more energy supply caused severer growth defect under stress conditions. And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that young seedlings adapt to stress by retaining starch and retarding growth through both ABA-dependent and -independent pathways.

Selective withdrawal is commonly implemented in nonlinearly stratified ambient, which typically has stratified ambient conditions, for purposes of controlling quality. A floating intake is applied as an effective facility of selective withdrawal. However, the outflow dynamics of a floating intake in a nonlinearly stratified ambient have been disregarded, which has a significant effect on the outflow water quality of a reservoir. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of thermal stratification on the flow characteristics using particle image velocimetry at three temperature distributions (no stratification, weak stratification and strong stratification). The flow fields upstream of the floating intake showed that the withdrawal layer was formed inhibited by the thermal stratification. And strong stratification produced the thinner withdrawal layer thickness, leading to a larger nonuniform coefficient of the velocity profile. To quantitatively describe the velocity profiles, formulas of dimensionless velocity profiles were proposed. The flow developments were analysed, and the virtual control points located 0.56d above the floating intake (where d is the straight pipe diameter of the floating intake) were obtained. The positions of virtual control points mainly depended on the withdrawal discharge. The decay rate of the velocity along the horizontal line passing through the virtual control point was inversely proportional to the stratification intensity.

Artificial substrates (ASs) and floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) have been widely used in the treatment of polluted surface water. In fact, periphyton on ASs functions in nutrient removal, while the plant-periphyton complex functions in FTWs. However, the nutrient removal performance of the periphyton on ASs and the plant-periphyton complex in FTWs has not been systematically compared. Thus, ASs and FTWs were established in a mesocosm experiment to compare nitrogen and phosphorus removal between the two ecological treatment techniques. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency was 60.4% in the AS treatments and 65.3% in the FTWs, while the total phosphorus removal efficiency was 83.7% in the AS treatments and 39.45% in the FTWs. Periphyton on the ASs absorbed 2.5 g N m−2 and 0.85 g P m−2, accounting for 20.8% of the N removal and 18.7% of the P removal. Sedimentation contributed to 71.3% of the N removal and 56.1% of the P removal in the AS treatments. For the plant-periphyton complex in the FTWs, 25.1% of the N and 53.0% of the P accumulated in plant tissue. Most of the reduced N (47.1%) was removed by other pathways, which was likely the effect of periphyton attached on plant roots and floating rafts. The nutrient removal efficiencies and pathways of AS and FTW treatments showed different characteristics, providing a reference for the selection of treatment measures for polluted surface water remediation.

Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent worldwide. At least nine serotypes can infect human so far. Although 29 serotypes (1-19, 21, 23-25, 27-31 and 1/2) strains are considered as authentic S. suis, a novel variant serotype Chz and strains carrying 20 novel capsular polysaccharide loci (NCL) have been identified recently. However, information about pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of strains carrying NCLs is still unavailable. In this study, we identified six new NCLs (designated as NCL21-26) from 35 non-typeable S. suis strains by agglutination tests and whole genome sequencing analysis. Further analysis of the genetic context of NCL25 and NCL26 showed a mosaic structure of the capsular polysaccharide loci. NCL25 exhibited considerable similarity to that of serotypes 10 and 11, and NCL26 shared similarity to that of serotype 9 and NCL4. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that strains carrying NCL21-26 were all resistant to clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin and tetracycline. Animal infection experiments showed that the virulence of NCL26 strain NJ1112 isolated from a disease pig was similar to that of S. suis serotype 2 virulent strain SC070731 in both zebrafish and mouse infection models, highlighting the necessity for surveillance of strains belonging to NCL26. We also developed a multiplex PCR assay to detect NCL21-26 strains. Our findings expand the views of genetic diversity of S. suis capsular polysaccharide loci and S. suis pathogenic characteristic.

Background Traditional intravesical instillation treatment in bladder cancer has limited efficacy, which results in a high frequency of recurrence. Purpose The aim of this study was to report on an epirubicin (EPI)-loaded magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (mMWCNTs-EPI) system for intravesical instillation in place of the current formulation. Methods The mMWCNTs-EPI system was formulated with carboxylated MWCNTs, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, and EPI. Features and antitumor activity of the system were investigated. Results Under the effect of external magnets, the mMWCNTs-EPI system showed sustained release and prolonged retention behavior and better antitumor activity than free EPI. The mMWCNTs-EPI system had higher efficiency in enhancing cytotoxicity and inhibiting proliferation in vitro and in vivo than free EPI. Our studies also revealed the atoxic nature of mMWCNTs. Conclusion These findings suggested that mMWCNTs are effective intravesical instillation agents with great potential for clinical application.