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Data on safety and immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are limited. In this multicenter prospective study, HCC patients received two doses of inactivated whole-virion COVID-19 vaccines. The safety and neutralizing antibody were monitored. Totally, 74 patients were enrolled from 10 centers in China, and 37 (50.0%), 25 (33.8%), and 12 (16.2%) received the CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, and WIBP-CorV, respectively. The vaccines were well tolerated, where pain at the injection site (6.8% [5/74]) and anorexia (2.7% [2/74]) were the most frequent local and systemic adverse events. The median level of neutralizing antibody was 13.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.9-23.2) AU/ml at 45 (IQR: 19-72) days after the second dose of vaccinations, and 60.8% (45/74) of patients had positive neutralizing antibody. Additionally, lower γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level was related to positive neutralizing antibody (odds ratio = 1.022 [1.003-1.049], p = 0.049). In conclusion, this study found that inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations are safe and the immunogenicity is acceptable or hyporesponsive in patients with HCC. Given that the potential benefits may outweigh the risks and the continuing emergences of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, we suggest HCC patients to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Future validation studies are warranted.

Data on safety and immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with compensated (C-cirrhosis) and decompensated cirrhosis (D-cirrhosis) are limited.In this prospective multicenter study, adult participants with C-cirrhosis and D-cirrhosis were enrolled and received two doses of inactivated whole-virion COVID-19 vaccines. Adverse events were recorded within 14 days after any dose of vaccination, and serum samples of enrolled patients were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies at least 14 days after the second dose. Risk factors for negative neutralizing antibody were analyzed.In total, 553 patients were enrolled from 15 centers in China, including 388 and 165 patients with C-cirrhosis and D-cirrhosis. The vaccines were well tolerated, most adverse reactions were mild and transient, and injection site pain (23/388 [5.9%] vs 9/165 [5.5%]) and fatigue (5/388 [1.3%] vs 3/165 [1.8%]) were the most frequently local and systemic adverse events in both the C-cirrhosis and D-cirrhosis groups. Overall, 4.4% (16/363) and 0.3% (1/363) of patients were reported Grades 2 and 3 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations (defined as ALT 2 upper limit of normal [ULN] but ≤ 5 ULN, and ALT 5 ULN, respectively). The positive rates of COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies were 71.6% (278/388) and 66.1% (109/165) in C-cirrhosis and D-cirrhosis groups. Notably, Child-Pugh score of B and C levels was an independent risk factor of negative neutralizing antibody.Inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations are safe with acceptable immunogenicity in cirrhotic patients, and Child-Pugh score of B and C levels is associated with hyporesponsive to COVID-19 vaccination.

An efficient catalyst of Cu/SiO2 modified with ZnO and Fe2O3 was constructed for the one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole originating from biomass-derived glycerol with aniline. The structure and property of as-prepared Cu/SiO2–ZnO–Fe2O3 composite were characterized by temperature programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3 and CO2, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The results indicated that the interaction between copper and support was improved after adding ZnO to Cu/SiO2, as a result, Cu particles could be firmly anchored on the surface of SiO2–ZnO, which not only increased the dispersion of active component but also inhibited the aggregation or sintering of copper particles effectively. Meanwhile, the acid or base sites on the ZnO modified Cu/SiO2 catalyst significantly increased, which was beneficial to the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acetol and 1,2-propanediol and promoted the synthesis of 3-methylindole. The introduction of Fe2O3 to Cu/SiO2–ZnO could promote the reduction of CuO and decrease the acidity of the catalyst, thereby the activity and stability of the catalyst were further improved. Under the optimized ZnO or Fe2O3 content of 0.100 or 0.030 mmol/g-SiO2, Cu/SiO2–ZnO–Fe2O3 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability, which the yield of 3-methylindole was up to 73% and it was still more than 68% when the catalyst was reused four times. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism for the one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole from glycerol and aniline over Cu/SiO2–ZnO–Fe2O3 was investigated in depth and a probable synthetic route was proposed based on the research of the catalytic reactions of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol or acetol with aniline as well as the hydrogenolysis of glycerol and the catalytic conversion of acetol, which both acetol and 1,2-propanediol were the intermediates for the production of 3-methylindole.

To use ERPs to investigate the impact of advice distance on advice taking in the Judge-Advisor System (JAS) paradigm, behavioural and ERP data were recorded from 20 subjects. The behavioural discrepancies and EEG characteristics of advice taking, as affected by the advice distances, were compared. The results showed that the relationship between the modification rate of a decision maker's initial estimation and the advice distance exhibited an inverse U-shaped curve. During the advice evaluation stage, different advice distances induced the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and subsequent P300 components. The amplitude of the FRN increased as the advice distance increased, while the amplitude of P300 in the zero distance condition was significantly larger than those in the intermediate and far distance conditions. These findings indicate that the advice evaluation process of a decision maker is related to conflict perception, prediction error and motivational or affective significance.

The low abundance of sialo-glycoprotein hampered the separation, enrichment, and analysis of sialo-glycoproteins, which are critical for studying their functions. Here, we designed cleavable amino-oxy functionalized magnetic materials and employed to fast and selective isolate sialo-glycoproteins. This includes the ligation of disulfide-linked amino-oxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with periodate-treated glycoproteins or cells, followed by magnetic separation. A reductive reagent could release the sialo-glycoproteins with small molecular fragments on the terminal of glycan chains, and the sialo-glycoproteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On-bead digestion of the peptides were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that this method could selectively separate the majority of cell-surface sialo-glycoproteins.

The present electroencephalogram study used an attention probe paradigm to investigate how semantic and acoustic structures constrain temporal attention during speech comprehension. Spoken sentences were used as stimuli, with each one containing a four-character critical phrase, of which the third character was the target character. We manipulated not only the semantic relationship between the target character and the immediately preceding two characters, but also the presence/absence of a pitch accent on the first character. In addition, an attention probe was either presented concurrently with the target character or not. The results showed that the N1 effect evoked by the attention probe was of larger amplitude and started earlier (enhanced attention) when the target character and the preceding two characters belonged to the same semantic event than when they spanned a semantic-event boundary, and this effect occurred only in the un-accented conditions. The results suggest that, during speech comprehension, the semantic level of event-structure can constrain attention allocation along the temporal dimension, and reverse the attention attenuation effect of prediction; meanwhile, the semantic and acoustic levels of event-structure interact with each other immediately to modulate auditory-temporal attention. The results were discussed with regard to the predictive coding account of attention.

Thiol-reactive group - pyridyl disulfide functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were prepared via co-precipitation following functionalization by stober method. The particles were characterized and employed to fast and selective conjugate and isolate protein with free thiol from mixed proteins under mild condition. And the released protein has the original sulfhydryl group without any unnecessary modification.

Judges tend to discount the opinions of others even though advice is often helpful in improving their accuracy. The present research proposes that this phenomenon of advice discounting results from the judges’ confidence in their initial decision and little trust in advice. Furthermore, the degree of advice discounting may be predicted by the combined roles of confidence and trust. Three studies provide evidence for these hypotheses. Participants were very confident in their initial estimation and had little trust in the advice (study 1). The degree of advice discounting decreased when participants felt less confidence in performing difficult tasks compared with easy tasks (study 2) or when participants placed more trust in advice because the advice was from an expert rather than from a novice (study 3). In addition, confidence and trust predicted the degree of advice discounting across three studies. These findings shed new light on the mechanism underlying advice discounting and advice taking by indicating the combined roles of confidence and trust.

BackgroundPatients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rarely receive medications, because they have few symptoms. We hypothesized that long-term use of tiotropium would improve lung function and ameliorate the decline in lung function in patients with mild or moderate COPD. MethodsIn a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted in China, we randomly assigned 841 patients with COPD of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 1 (mild) or 2 (moderate) severity to receive a once-daily inhaled dose (18 μg) of tiotropium (419 patients) or matching placebo (422) for 2 years. The primary end point was the between-group difference in the change from baseline to 24 months in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) before bronchodilator use. Secondary end points included the between-group difference in the change from baseline to 24 months in the FEV1 after bronchodilator use and the between-group difference in...

The low abundance of sialo-glycoprotein hampered the separation, enrichment, and analysis of sialo-glycoproteins, which are critical for studying their functions. Here, we designed cleavable amino-oxy functionalized magnetic materials and employed to fast and selective isolate sialo-glycoproteins. This includes the ligation of disulfide-linked amino-oxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with periodate-treated glycoproteins or cells, followed by magnetic separation. A reductive reagent could release the sialo-glycoproteins with small molecular fragments on the terminal of glycan chains, and the sialo-glycoproteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On-bead digestion of the peptides were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that this method could selectively separate the majority of cell-surface sialo-glycoproteins.

Moral hypocrisy occurs when people do not practice what they preach and when people judge others' transgressions more strictly than they judge their own transgressions. In two experiments, we explored how ego depletion and guilt proneness affect moral hypocrisy. Experiment 1 investigated intrapersonal moral hypocrisy, namely, “saying one thing and doing another.” Experiment 2 investigated interpersonal moral hypocrisy, namely, people judging their own transgressions as more acceptable than another's transgressions. In the two experiments, ego depletion was manipulated by the Stroop task, and guilt proneness was measured by the GP-5. We found that (a) ego depletion increased moral hypocrisy; the degree of moral hypocrisy in a high-depletion condition was significantly higher than that in a low-depletion condition, and this pattern was not manifested in individuals with high guilt proneness, that is, guilt proneness alleviated the after-effects of ego depletion on moral hypocrisy; and (b) guilt proneness eliminated moral hypocrisy. The degree of moral hypocrisy in individuals with high guilt proneness was significantly lower than that in individuals with low guilt proneness.

The AIDS epidemic in men who have sex wlth men (MSM) in recent years showed a sharp upward trend, looking for behavioral intervention strategies should be imperative. Fear appeals by fear prompted intervention received intervention information, provide a new breakthrough to achieve better effect of propaganda and intervention. After over 70 years development, the Fear Appeal generated from the driver model that proposed the fear decided the effectiveness of behavior intervention, to the extended parallel process model theory which integrated protection motivation theory and parallel process theory, both of which believed the fear is just one of the estimators, suggested fear is the key factor. The fear appeal theory is turning to be even more comprehensive and accurate. As an important theoretical basement, the fear appeal is still developing, and need more work to make it perfection.

A sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for enantioselective determination of darusentan enantiomers, orally active potent endothelin-A receptor antagonist, in rat plasma. The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol and baseline chromatographic separation was performed on a Chiralcel OD-RH column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water/formic acid (50:50:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the negative ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration from 0.500 to 2500 ng/mL (r≥0.995) for each enantiomer using 50 μL of rat plasma. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for each enantiomer was 0.500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 10.2% and the accuracy was within the range from -5.4 to 6.3% for darusentan enantiomers. No chiral inversion was observed during the plasma preparation, storage and analysis. The method proved adequate for enantioselective pharmacokinetic studies of darusentan enantiomers after oral administration of three different doses of racemic darusentan.

A sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for enantioselective determination of darusentan enantiomers, orally active potent endothelin-A receptor antagonist, in rat plasma. The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol and baseline chromatographic separation was performed on a Chiralcel OD-RH column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water/formic acid (50:50:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the negative ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration from 0.500 to 2500 ng/mL (r≥0.995) for each enantiomer using 50 μL of rat plasma. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for each enantiomer was 0.500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 10.2% and the accuracy was within the range from -5.4 to 6.3% for darusentan enantiomers. No chiral inversion was observed during the plasma preparation, storage and analysis. The method proved adequate for enantioselective pharmacokinetic studies of darusentan enantiomers after oral administration of three different doses of racemic darusentan.

In recent years, serious environmental pollution has been one of major constraints of China's sustainable economy, for the most part, the rapid growth of energy consumption is attributable. In this paper, we firstly use factor analysis method to do evaluation on environmental pollution degrees of China's 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet) by means of statistics of 2007, and then use regression analysis method to research the relationship between the regional environmental pollution degree and regional energy consumption. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between them.

The impact of economic growth on environment has been one of hot topics of scholars at home and abroad. The hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve, and a large number of related verification studies are all based on time-series data, by which the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in a country or a region can be explained from time scale, however, the differences of economic development and technological progress are ignored in the studies. In this paper, we adopt the data of 2008 and use factor analysis to do evaluation on the environmental pollution degrees of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (not including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet), and then use regression analysis method to research the relationship between the regional environmental pollution degree and regional economy. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between them.

China’s rapid growth of energy consumption can be attributed to many factors, among which Low energy efficiency is dominant. Energy efficiency is determined by the level of production technology, so technological innovation should be the effective way to improve energy efficiency. In economic society, enterprises are the core players of technological innovation. In China, the large and medium-sized industrial enterprises (LMIEs) form the backbone of industrial sector, so the technological innovation of LMIEs is the decisive influence on energy efficiency. In this paper, we firstly use factor analysis method to do evaluation on the technological innovation capacity of LMIEs in 30 regions of China according to the data of 2007, and then apply regression analysis to research the relationship between the regional technological innovation capacity of LMIEs and regional energy consumption intensity. The study results show there is significant negative correlation between them, which suggests the energy efficiency can be boosted by promoting technological innovation capacities of LMIEs.

In order to understand the law of China's energy consumption growth, we use cointegration method and set up the vector error correction model to do quantitative analysis on the relationships among China's three industries' output values and its energy consumption. Our results can be summarized as follows: i) There is one-way causality relationship between the energy consumption and the output value of the first and the second industry, but no obvious causality relationship exists between the energy consumption and the output value of the third industry; ii) The impacts of the energy consumption on the output value of the first and the second industry are not the same in the short term; iii) The increase of energy consumption has positive effect on the first and the second industry's development in the long term. Knowing these clearly will help us take more specific measures to balance the energy demand and supply.

Improving energy efficiency is the other effective way to solve China’ s energy shortage problem except the industrial structuring. Energy efficiency depends on the production technology level, which is determined by technological innovation capacity. In this paper, we firstly use factor analysis method to do evaluation on technological innovation capacities of China’ s 30 regions by means of statistics of 2007, and then use regression analysis method to research the relationship between the regional technological innovation capacity and regional energy consumption intensity. The results show that a significant negative correlation exists between them, which means the increasing technological innovation capacity can improve energy efficiency and lower energy consumption intensity effectively.

As the result of the highly specialized division in the process of industrialization, modern logistics, due to its close relationship with agricultural and industrial production, exerts great influence on the growth of economy. The inland-located Chinapsilas middle region, with a role of connecting its surrounding areas, has geographical edge in developing logistics. In order to gain an insight into the development of the logistics industry in Chinapsilas middle region, we set up a relatively more comprehensive and objective evaluation indicator system on the principles of all-around perspectives, close relationship and data accessibility, and apply factor analysis and statistics of 2006 to conduct an empirical study focusing on the competitiveness of logistics industry in 30 regions of China. On the basis of that, we analyze and appraise the logistics industrypsilas competitiveness of the six provinces in Chinapsilas middle region.

In order to understand the law of China's oil demand growth, we use cointegration method and build up the vector error correction model to do quantitative analysis on the relationship among China's three industries' output values and its oil demand. Our results can be summarized as follows: i) the growth of China's oil demand is relatively inertial; ii) the impacts of three industries' output values on the oil demand are not the same in the short term; iii) China's oil demand has the capacity to adjust its growth reversely in the long term. Knowing these clearly will help us to take more specific measures to balance the oil supply and demand.

Logistics industry has been developing rapidly in China, but it is still a fledgling industry. Some Chinese scholars have made considerable researches on it, but the study in this field has been at the initial stage so far. On the basis of previous studies, we establish a more comprehensive and objective evaluation indicator system on the principles of all-around perspectives, close relationship and data accessibility and then use factor analysis method and statistics of 2006 to do empirical study by SPSS software on the logistics industry's competitiveness in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The analysis result suggests that the logistics industries in some regions are effective, as there are heavy demands for logistics services, but unfavourable logistics condition; meanwhile, some regions have much potential in the development of logistics industries, which are weak in competitiveness mainly because of weak demand for logistics services at present.

The DOSPERT, developed by Weber, Blais and Betz, can be used to measure risk behaviors in a variety of domains. We investigated the use of this scale in China. The participants were 1144 undergraduate students. After we removed some items that were not homogeneous, a principal component analysis extracted six components that accounted for 44.48% of the variance, a value similar to that obtained in the analysis conducted by Weber et al. Chinese undergraduates scored higher on the investment subscale compared with the results of Weber's study. The analysis of individual differences indicated that there was a significant gender difference in the ethical, investment and health/safety subscales, where males scored significantly higher than females. The type of home location was also significant on the ethical and health/safety subscales, where undergraduates from the countryside scored lower than undergraduates from cities and towns on the ethical subscale, and undergraduates from towns scored higher than those from other two areas on the health/safety subscale. Male undergraduates from towns scored higher than male undergraduates from other areas on the gambling subscale.