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Recent studies showed that lipid metabolism reprogramming contributes to tumorigenicity and malignancy by interfering energy production, membrane formation, and signal transduction in cancers. HNSCCs are highly reliant on aerobic glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs remains obscure. The present review summarizes and discusses the “vital” cellular signaling roles of the lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs. We also address the differences between HNSCCs regions caused by anatomical heterogeneity. We enumerate these recent findings into our current understanding of lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs and introduce the new and exciting therapeutic implications of targeting the lipid metabolism.

Many real-world applications involve data collected from different views and with high data dimensionality. Furthermore, multi-view data always has unavoidable noise. Clustering on this kind of high-dimensional and noisy multi-view data remains a challenge due to the curse of dimensionality and ineffective de-noising and integration of multiple views. Aiming at this problem, in this paper, we propose a Robust Self-weighted Multi-view Projection Clustering (RSwMPC) based on ℓ2,1-norm, which can simultaneously reduce dimensionality, suppress noise and learn local structure graph. Then the obtained optimal graph can be directly used for clustering while no further processing is required. In addition, a new method is introduced to automatically learn the optimal weight of each view with no need to generate additional parameters to adjust the weight. Extensive experimental results on different synthetic datasets and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on clustering performance and robustness.

Since the clinical approval of imatinib, the discovery of protein kinase downregulators entered a prosperous age. However, challenges still exist in the discovery of kinase downregulator drugs, such as the high failure rate during development, side effects, and drug-resistance problems. With the progress made through multidisciplinary efforts, an increasing number of new approaches have been applied to solve the above problems during the discovery process of kinase downregulators. In terms of in vitro and in vivo drug evaluation, progress was also made in cellular and animal model platforms for better and more clinically relevant drug assessment. Here, we review the advances in drug design strategies, drug property evaluation technologies, and efficacy evaluation models and technologies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in the development of kinase downregulator drugs.

The whole chloroplast genome of Amorphophallus konjac is determined in this study. The genome size was 161,647 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 90k bp and a small single copy ...

Objective To investigate the potential role of the pore-formation in the hemolytic activity of tentacle-only extract(TOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata.Methods The effects of various cations,including K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,Zn2+,Cu2+,Fe2+,La3+and NH4+ on the hemolytic activity of TOE were compared in two different test systems: 1% whole blood and 0.45% erythrocyte suspension with the same erythrocyte concentration.Results The hemolytic activities of TOE in both tests were inhibited by Mn2+,Zn2+,La3+,Cu2+ and Fe2+,and were promoted to a minor extent by K+,Ca2+,Mg2+ and NH4+.The chelating agent EDTA also inhibited the hemolytic activity of TOE.Conclusion The pore-formation mechanism might play an important role in the hemolytic activity of TOE.

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the cardiotoxicity is the main reason for rat death caused by tentacle-only extract from jellyfish Cyanea capillata. However, the direct cardiotoxicity in vitro and its mechanisms of toxic action remain unclear. The current studies were performed by using the Langendorff-perfused isolated heart model, which showed a dose-dependent hemodynamic and electrocardiogram changes. Heart injury-related enzymes increased. Histopathological analysis showed early ischemic damage in the myocardium. The Ca channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil led to a marked improvement in recovery of cardiac function, including heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, positive and negative first derivatives of intraventricular pressure, coronary flow, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and electrocardiogram changes. Tentacle-only extract-induced cardiac dysfunction could be partly improved by the pretreatments of both propranolol and phentolamine, but not by either atropine or neostigmine at all. In conclusion, we have verified the direct cardiotoxicity of tentacle-only extract from jellyfish C. capillata by the Langendorff isolated heart model, which consisted of 3 separate parts: sinoatrial node malfunction, cardiomyocyte injury, and coronary spasm. The potential mechanism might be attributed to the overactivation of L-type Ca channel, β- and α-adrenergic receptors, but not cholinergic receptors.

An improved backpropagation neural network (BPNN) based online self-learning adaptive PID control strategy is presented. A feedback PID controller tuned by the critical proportion method works at the beginning of the control process. With the learning of a BPNN controller, it gradually compensates the deficiency of the feedback together perfectly. The design of the controller is independent on the empirical knowledge of the system, and the parameters are tuned based on the testing information and error feedback learning algorithm. The results of the simulation show that the structure of this method is simple and its performance is substantially outperform the normal PID controllers.

Our previous studies have confirmed that the crude tentacle-only extract (cTOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (Cyaneidae) exhibits hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities simultaneously. So, it is quite difficult to discern the underlying active component responsible for heart injury caused by cTOE. The inactivation of the hemolytic toxicity from cTOE accompanied with a removal of plenty of precipitates would facilitate the separation of cardiovascular component and the investigation of its cardiovascular injury mechanism. In our research, after the treatment of one-step alkaline denaturation followed by twice dialysis, the protein concentration of the treated tentacle-only extract (tTOE) was about 1/3 of cTOE, and SDS-PAGE showed smaller numbers and lower density of protein bands in tTOE. The hemolytic toxicity of tTOE was completely lost while its cardiovascular toxicity was well retained. The observations of cardiac function, histopathology and ultrastructural pathology all support tTOE with significant cardiovascular toxicity. Blood gas indexes and electrolytes changed far less by tTOE than those by cTOE, though still with significant difference from normal. In summary, the cardiovascular toxicity of cTOE can exist independently of the hemolytic toxicity and tTOE can be employed as a better venom sample for further purification and mechanism research on the jellyfish cardiovascular toxic proteins.