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To investigate the prevalence of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the MT-ZVL control strategy.The epidemiological data pertaining to MT-ZVL cases in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020 were collected and descriptively analyzed. A Joinpoint regression model was created to analyze the trend in the MT-ZVL incidence in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020 using annual percent change (APC). The sandflies surveillance data and the prevalence ofA total of 162 MT-ZVL cases were reported in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2020, with annual mean incidence of 1.9/10The prevalence of MT-ZVL appeared a tendency towards a rapid rise in Yangquan City from 2015 to 2020, and systematic interventions are urgently needed for MT-ZVL control.

To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 25% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate (WPPS) againstIn October 2020, a snail-infested setting which had been cleared was selected in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province and divided into several blocks, and the natural snail mortality was estimated. 25% WPPS was prepared into solutions at concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L, and 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) was prepared into solutions at a concentration of 2 g/L. The different concentrations of drugs were sprayed evenly, and the same amount of water was used as blank control. Snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and snail survival was observed. A fish pond was selected in Nanjian County, and 2 kg 25% WPPS was evenly sprayed on the water surface to allow the effective concentration of 20 g/L. Fish mortality was estimated 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment.One-day treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES resulted in 97.99%, 97.99% and 94.11% adjusted snail mortality rates (25% WPPS is effective for snail control and highly safe for fish, which is feasible for use in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.

The impact of nuclear β-decay half-life uncertainties on the r-process simulations are investigated in the hot wind r-process scenarios. It is found that the theoretical deviations among various half-life predictions are generally smaller and larger than 1 order of magnitude for the unknown nuclei with N ≲ 126 and N ≳ 126, respectively. This will have a significant impact on the r-process freeze-out time and the neutron-to-seed ratio after the freeze-out time. A universal staggering pattern is observed for the r-process abundances with the use of different half-life models before freeze-out. After the freeze-out, nuclear β-decay half-lives remarkably affect the detailed r-process abundance distributions. It is also found that nuclear β-decay half-lives have a remarkable impact on the abundances of transuranium elements, which play an important role in reproducing the second and the rare-earth peaks of solar r-process abundances, and filling the troughs before them by nuclear fissions.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of inguinal hernia using “two-hooked” core needle apparatus in children. This study was conducted at Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2016 and June 2018. Five hundred and eighteen patients under the age of 12 years with inguinal hernias were subjected to single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SPLPEC) using non-absorbable suture by “two-hooked” core needle apparatus. Description of the technique is as follows: Under general anesthesia, a 0.5–0.8 cm trans-umbilical skin incision was done for insertion of a 0.5 cm port. A “two-hooked” core needle apparatus was used for insertion of a non-absorbable suture around internal ring. The suture knot was tied extracorporeally. Among 518 child patients with inguinal hernias, there were 406 males and 112 females with a mean age of 4.6 ± 3.5 years. One hundred and six cases were subjected to bilateral surgery including 91 cases of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (PPV). Three cases converted to open surgery and additional 0.5 cm port was done in five cases. The mean operative time was 13.2 ± 3.5 min for unilateral hernia repair and 16.9 ± 4.6 min for bilateral cases. All patients achieved full recovery without complications such as surgical site infection (SSI), testicular atrophy, or iatrogenic ascent of the testis. At the mean follow-up time of 18.72 ± 5.27 months, two cases had recurrences (0.39%) and one case had postoperative hydrocele (0.19%). SPLPEC of inguinal hernia using “two-hooked” core needle apparatus in children is a feasible and reliable minimal invasive procedure. It has the advantages of short operating time, low complication rate, low recurrence rate and better cosmetic result.

Background Within the bone microenvironment, tumor cells secrete factors that stimulate osteoblasts to express and secrete receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which binds to its receptor RANK on the surface of osteoclasts, thus enhancing the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and promoting skeletal complications.TK006 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits RANKL, thus inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Objective To investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TK006 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Patients and methods In this dose-escalating study, patients were sequentially enrolled into 60 mg, 120 mg, 180 mg single-dosing and 120 multiple-dosing cohorts. Before making dose escalation decision, the safety of TK006 during the 14-day period after dosing in the prior cohort must be confirmed. In the three single-dosing cohorts, patients were followed up for 16 weeks after dosing. In the 120 mg multiple-dosing cohort, patents were treated with 120 mg TK006 every 4 weeks for 3 times totally, and followed up for 20 weeks after the first dosing. The primary outcome was safety profile, and the secondary outcomes were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. Pharmacodynamics was measured by level of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urine creatinine corrected cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (uNTX/Cr). Patients aged 18 to 65 years with breast cancer related bone metastasis were eligible. It was planned to enroll 10 subjects in each cohort for a total sample size of 40 subjects. Result As of May 24 2018, the common adverse events (AEs) related to treatment (≥10%) included: hypocalcemia (25.0%), limbs pain (20.0%), gamma-glutamyl transferase increased (17.5%), lactate dehydrogenase increased (12.5%), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase increased (12.5%), aspertate aminotransferase increased (12.5%), alanine aminotransferase (10.0%),osphyalgia (10.0%) toothache (10.0%) and hypertriglyceridemia (10%). Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate except one case of grade 3 hypertriglyceridemia and two cases of grade 3 gamma-glutamyl transferase increasement. No esteonecrosis of the jaw or treatment-related SAE was reported. In the 60 mg single-dosing cohort, a significant reduction in median uNTX/Cr was observed as early as day 1, the nadir of median uNTX/Cr was reach at day 28 and started to return towards the baseline level at day 112 (Table 1). Only modest decreasing from baseline in median bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was observed. Table 1.Effects of 60 mg TK006 therapy on bone turnover markers uNTX/Cr, % change from baseline, medianBALP , % change from baseline, medianD1-38.6-4.7D7-63.01.7D14-55.30.2D28-69.2-0.2D56-57.9-12.1D84-33.4-0.4D1121.3-18.7 Ostalgia was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). In the 60 mg single-dosing cohort, scores were reduced to 2 from 5 and 3 in two patients individually. No increasing in pain was observed in the remaining 8 patients. Conclusion These results suggested a potential therapeutic role for TK006 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Citation Format: Mei YY, Hai TJ, Wei L, Xiang H, Hao W, Ming ZX, An LX. Phase I trial to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitor (TK006) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-18-03.

The effects of spontaneous fission on r-process nucleosynthesis are investigated in the hot wind r-process scenario. We perform network calculations using three sets of spontaneous fission rates to study how the abundance pattern is shaped when different sets of fissioning nuclei are encountered by the r-process nuclear flow. The relative contributions from spontaneous fission, neutron-induced fission, and β-delayed fission to the nucleosynthesis process are studied by calculating the corresponding fission flow. We show that the relative contributions of various fission channels in r-process nucleosynthesis depend on the astrophysical conditions and fission models used. By using the spontaneous fission rates from a modified Swiatecki’s formula with isospin and blocking effects, the spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission play an equally important role in r-process nucleosynthesis under an extreme neutron-rich astrophysical scenario with Y e = 0.1. The fissioning nuclei are located in different regions of the nuclear chart when different spontaneous fission models are used. The fission fragment distributions of fissioning nuclei in different regions have apparent diversity, which affects the mass regions where fission products are deposited, leading to the difference of the final abundance around the second r-process peak and rare-earth subpeak.

The mechanisms of the inhibitory action of β-pinene, a pine needle oil monoterpene, on human adenovirus type 3 were studied using cytopathic inhibition test, MTT test, atomic force and laser confocal microscopy. β-Pinene inhibited the viruses stronger that the reference antiviral medication ribavirin (p0.05). Inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (CPE) increased with increasing the concentration of β-pinene, which attested to direct elimination of adenovirus type 3. During viral reproduction phase, β-pinene significantly inhibited proliferation of adenovirus type 3. Typical signs of adenoviral CPE as cell swelling and rounding were less pronounced in comparison with the control (ribavirin treatment). In addition, elevation of β-pinene concentration significantly increased the cell survival rate (p0.05). Laser confocal microscopy showed that fluorescence intensity in the β-pinene group was significantly lower than in the control group (p0.01), which was consistent with the results of MTT test, thereby providing additional arguments that β-pinene affects the virus during the absorption phase. Thus, β-pinene directly inactivates adenovirus type 3 and impedes its invasion into the cells, but produces no protective effects on cells. Understanding the mode of action of such monoterpenes as β-pinene is of great importance for the development of new antiviral drugs.

Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from anxiety, depression and sleep disorders due to isolation treatment, among other reasons. Whether non-drug interventions can be alternative therapies for COVID-19 patients with anxiety, depression and sleep disorders is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the effects of non-drug interventions on anxiety, depression and sleep in patients with COVID-19 to provide guidance for clinical application.We searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from December 2019 to July 2020: China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Two investigators independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.A total of 5 articles with 768 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that non-drug interventions can reduce anxiety [SMD=-1.40, 95% CI (-1.62, -1.17), p0.00001] and depression [SMD=-1.22, 95% CI (-2.01, -0.43), p=0.002] scores in patients with COVID-19. Descriptive analysis indicated that non-drug interventions can improve the sleep status of COVID-19 patients. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the meta-analysis results were stable. Egger's test and Begg's test showed no publication bias.This meta-analysis found that non-drug interventions can reduce the anxiety and depression scores of patients with COVID-19. Due to the limitations of this study, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the findings, especially the effect of non-drug interventions on improving the sleep status of COVID-19 patients.

To demonstrate the benefit and safety of conservative therapy for round ligament varicosities (RLVs) that are easily misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias. We retrospectively analyzed clinical materials of 41 consecutive cases of RLVs diagnosed by ultrasound in a single hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. Misdiagnosis rate, clinical and sonographic features, management after diagnosis and prognosis were recorded. All forty-one cases were pregnant females in their second or third trimester. Twenty-eight cases were first misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias (68.3%). Thirty cases presented as reducible swelling in the inguinal area (73.2%), and twenty-five of which were painful (61.0%). Four cases only felt pain in the inguinal area without swelling (9.7%). Seven cases had no obvious discomfort (17.1%). All cases were diagnosed as RLVs by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography and justified a wait-and-see strategy. Thirty-seven cases were followed until total recovery after delivery (follow-up rate 90.2%). Swelling with or without pain disappeared spontaneously postpartum. RLVs are easily misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias and color Doppler of the inguinal area is the best examination for making the correct diagnosis. Conservative therapy for RLV is beneficial and safe when assured by color Doppler.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to have crucial roles in cancer development. We investigated the involvement of miR-223-3p in neuroblastoma (NB).MiR-223-3p expression in NB cell lines and normal cell line was analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR method. Cell proliferation, cell invasion, and cell apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, Dual-Luciferase reporter assays, and Western blot analysis were conducted to identify the connection of miR-223-3p and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1).MiR-223-3p level was found highly expressed in NB cell lines compared with normal cell line. Knockdown miR-223-3p expression decreased cell growth and invasion but increased cell apoptosis. MiR-223-3p was able to bind with the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO1, and thereby resulting in a reduction of FOXO1 expression. The knockdown of FOXO1 increased the malignant capacity of NB cells.Therefore, given the fact that miR-223-3p suppressed FOXO1 expression to promote NB progression, targeting miR-223-3p may be an effective method for NB treatment.

To explore the regulatory mechanism of micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-122-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mADSCs).The regulatory mechanism of miR-122-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was investigated through its overexpression and knockdown.The overexpression of miR-122-3p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs. On the contrary, its knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs. The further study on the molecular mechanism of miR-122-3p regulating mADSCs' osteogenic differentiation showed that the overexpression of miR-122-3p could activate the Wingless and int-1 (WNT)/β-catenin signaling pathway, but the knockdown of miR-122-3p could repress this signaling pathway.MiR-122-3p influences the osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs by modulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Introduction To determine the frequency of undiagnosed OSA patients in patients received endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and to investigate the effect of OSA on the perioperative management in those patients. Methods 308 patients undergoing ESS from 2017-2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether OSA was combined. STOP-Bang questionnaire scoring system was used to classify patients into high risk and low risk for OSA. The differences between perioperative management and complications between the two groups were compared. Results 308 consecutive cases were included, 46 cases (14.9%) combined with OSA and 108 cases (35.0%) were at high risk of OSA. OSA patients have higher morbidity of hypertension (OR, 2.05; CI, 1.07-3.92; P=0.03), hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.19; CI, 1.06- 4.51; P=0.03), longer hospitalization time(7.0±2.7 vs. 5.4±3.6, P≤0.01) and higher incidence of intubation difficulties (OR, 3.74; CI,1.39-10.1; P=0.01). Patients at high risk of OSA also had increased rates of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and post-operative cardiovascular and respiratory complications. Conclusion OSA or high scores of STOP-Bang are associated with increased perioperative complications in ESS patients. Preoperative OSA screening should be strengthened to improve the safety and prognosis of ESS surgery. Support National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant [number 81670903]; and Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Ascent Plan under Grant [number DFL20150602]

Ureteral stents have been widely used in kidney transplantation to prevent postoperative ureter-related complications such as ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, and ureteral leakage; however, a longer indwelling ureteral stent time corresponds to a greater risk of complications such as urinary tract infections. Currently, transplantation centers have not yet reached an agreement on the time to remove ureteral stents. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the optimal removal time for ureteral stents.This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate and discuss the optimal removal time for ureteral stents after kidney transplantation.We used key words to search PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and retrieve published articles. A total of 568 kidney transplantation patients from 5 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. We collected information regarding postoperative complications related to indwelling stents, such as ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, ureteral leakage, and urinary tract infection, and evaluated whether early removal of ureteral stents (≤7 days) was superior to late removal (≥14 days).A significant difference was observed in the incidence of urinary tract infection between the early removal group and the late removal group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.32, 0.59], P .01). No significant between-group difference was observed in the incidence of major urological complications (MUCs) (RR = 1.87, 95% CI [0.45, 7.70], P.05).Early removal of ureteral stents of transplanted kidneys after kidney transplantation (≤7 days) did not significantly increase the incidence of postoperative MUCs (ureteral stricture, ureteral obstruction, and ureteral leakage) relative to late removal (≥14 days). Early removal may significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection relative to late removal.

The TRILL (TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) protocol, by default, learns end station addresses from observing the data plane. In particular, it learns local MAC addresses and edge switch port of attachment from the receipt of local data frames and learns remote MAC addresses and edge switch of attachment from the decapsulation of remotely sourced TRILL Data packets. This document specifies a message by which a TRILL switch can explicitly request other TRILL switches to flush certain MAC reachability learned through the decapsulation of TRILL Data packets. This is a supplement to the TRILL automatic address forgetting and can assist in achieving more rapid convergence in case of topology or configuration change.

Previous evidence demonstrated that drug-induced extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations in the nucl. accumbens shell (AcbSh) might underlie different vulnerabilities to heroin addiction in inbred mice strains. We investigated a potential role of the responsiveness of the DA system in the AcbSh with respect to the vulnerability to heroin-influenced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Animals were randomly assigned to the heroin and saline (control) groups. Heroin-group rats were then reclassified into two groups according to the degree of heroin-induced CPP, high preference (HP) and low-preference (LP) ones. The levels of extracellular DA and dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) were estimated dynamically by in vivo microdialysis. Compared with the saline group, extracellular DA and DOPAC concentrations in the heroin-treated groups were significantly higher 30 min after the last injection, but the DA level decreased sharply in these groups on days 1 and 3 and became lower than that of the saline group. Compared with LP-group rats, HP-rats displayed a higher heroin-induced increase in the DA concentration 30 min after the last heroin injection and higher DOPAC and DOPAC/DA ratios 14 days after such injection. These results suggest that differences in the DA system responsiveness in the AcbSh may determine individual differences in vulnerability to heroin addiction.

Nanocomposites based on bitumen and nano-zinc oxide with three surface modifiers, γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MTS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), and γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (EPTMS), have been prepared by melt blending. The influence of surface modifiers on ultraviolet (UV) aging properties of nano-zinc oxide modified bitumen was evaluated. The results show that MTS, APT, and EPTMS are successfully bound on the surface of nano-zinc oxide. The dispersion stability of nano-zinc oxide in bitumen is improved by three surface modifiers. Compared with MTS and EPTMS, APTS-nano-zinc oxide modified bitumen shows the lowest VAI values and carbonyl index after UV aging, indicating its good UV aging resistance.

Aim Colonic epithelial dysplasia is deemed the precursor lesion of cancer arising in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been suggested that many dysplastic lesions could be endoscopically detected to obtain target biopsies, leading to better yield. However, the clinical impact of a diagnosis of dysplasia may be hampered by a significant degree of histological and endoscopic intra-observer and inter-observer variability. This study aimed to evaluate intra-observer and inter-observer variability in the microscopic diagnosis of dysplasia in IBD and correlate endoscopic and histological findings. Method In total, 158 cases of ulcerative colitis and 14 of Crohn's disease with dysplasia were selected from a pathology database. Slides were blindly reviewed twice by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists. Results of endoscopic examinations were extracted from the reports. The degree of intra-observer and inter-observer variability was determined by kappa statistics. Results Overall, there was an excellent degree of histopathological inter-observer agreement (κ = 0.786). The lowest level of agreement in the dysplasia group was for indefinite dysplasia (κ = 0.251). Negative and high grade dysplasia diagnosis reached the highest level of agreement with κ values of 0.822 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.673–0.971] and 1.00 (95% CI 0.850–1.149), respectively. Intra-observer agreement was good and increased during the latter period of the study (κ = 0.734, 95% CI 0.642–0.826). Endoscopic–histological correlation was poor among the negative endoscopies, as up to 43% of cases were diagnosed with at least focal high grade dysplasia. The endoscopic–histological correlation improved when evaluating suspicious endoscopic lesions. Conclusion Dysplasia is reliably diagnosed by expert gastrointestinal pathologists but has poor correlation with an endoscopic diagnosis of dysplasia.

The thermal performance of toroidal field (TF) coil is studied at 3.7 K in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak device (EAST) to obtain the higher stability for the higher plasma parameters operation. It is a good way to lower the operating temperature of TF coil to acquire the higher stability margin. This paper describes the structure and cooling process design of TF coil and case firstly. Based on the thermal load in the case, the thermal performance of the TF coil is performed at the plasma disruption state. The helium temperature in the cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) and case is evaluated during the 1.5 MA plasma disruptions. Then, the experimental results of TF coil which has been cooled at 3.7 K and discharged in 10 kA are shown including the thermal loss evaluation. Finally, the thermal stability performance of TF coil is analyzed according to the 3.7 K experimental results and the stability prediction is performed at 1.5 MA plasma current operations.

Urban water system planning is the special planning of urban master planning, and focuses on ensuring flood control and ecological security. Therefore, it is based on water conservancy disciplines, ignoring its coupling with urban planning and territorial spatial planning to some extent. The composition, structure, distribution pattern, scale and other factors of urban water system affect its security, ecological and landscape functions, and its spatial layout is extremely important. Paper analyses the layout of water system, chooses the landscape accessibility of water system space as the research object, establishes the model and analysis framework, takes the different scale cities as the research scope, chooses three water system planning of Xixian New Area as the case, concretely analyses and demonstrates the spatial accessibility of water system planning, and holds that water system and urban safety should be guaranteed at the macro level, and scientific water system planning should be hold at the medium level, and landscape design is in micro-level. The accessibility of water system landscape is an important aspect of water system planning, which provides scientific basis for rational layout and planning design, creating a good urban space environment.

Compared with a single piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sheet, a bimorph can enhance driving performance. The main aim of this work is to study a soft piezoelectric bimorph as an actuator used in a soft sail. PVDF samples were prepared using a high-temperature solvent evaporation method and were then drawn and poled. The crystalline phase, mechanical properties, piezoelectric property and energy-harvesting performance were analyzed. A PVDF piezoelectric bimorph was designed. The capacity of deformation of the parallel bimorph with a pulsed electric field was studied. The deformation of the sample increased almost linearly, and the deformation performance was obvious with the increase in voltage. To evaluate its driving performance in the engineering model, a sail made of Kapton was produced, and the PVDF bimorph was used as an actuator to drive the sail. The deformation was observed by a Video-Simultaneous Triangulation and Resection System. Furthermore, the finite element method was used to further understand the actuation effect of the Kapton sail matrix and PVDF bimorph actuator according to three different laying methods.

Integration and assembly of atomically thin two-dimensional graphene sheets into three-dimensional (3D) macroscopic structures is essential for practical applications of graphene in the fields of composites, energy, environment, and biomedicine. Based on the chemical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition, several approaches have been developed for the synthesis of 3D graphene structures with a unique network structure, ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, excellent electrical/thermal conductivities, and outstanding mechanical flexibility. These significant advantages of the 3D graphene network structures suggest great extended functionalities and potential applications of graphene. This review article summarizes the recent progresses in the synthesis of 3D graphene network structures, their property characterizations, and promising macroscopic applications.

White clover potted experiments were performed to investigate the effects of seven indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities isolated from different test plots subjected to long-term fertilisation on soil enzyme activities, number of soil bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities increased the mycorrhizal infection rate of the plants and promoted the growth of plants. The Mnp treatment was most effective. The shoot biomass, root biomass, potassium and nitrogen uptake of the white clover in Mnp treatment group were increased by 61.54%, 84.00%, 62.50% and 46.71% respectively, compared with those in non-inoculation treatment. The inoculation of AMF communities had little effect on the number of bacteria in the soil, but significantly increased the number of soil fungi. Mnk treatment group had the highest number of fungi in the soil, which was 9.91 times that of the non-inoculation treatment group. The catalase and dehydrogenase act...