Synthesis and applications of three-dimensional graphene network structures

Integration and assembly of atomically thin two-dimensional graphene sheets into three-dimensional (3D) macroscopic structures is essential for practical applications of graphene in the fields of composites, energy, environment, and biomedicine. Based on the chemical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition, several approaches have been developed for the synthesis of 3D graphene structures with a unique network structure, ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, excellent electrical/thermal conductivities, and outstanding mechanical flexibility. These significant advantages of the 3D graphene network structures suggest great extended functionalities and potential applications of graphene. This review article summarizes the recent progresses in the synthesis of 3D graphene network structures, their property characterizations, and promising macroscopic applications.