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Aim: The present work has been designed to discover some novel 2-substituted -5-hydroxy-1- (1-methyl-3-morpholinopropyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide derivatives and their screening through computational molecular docking. Background: The present manuscript describes designing novel 2-substituted-5-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-3- morpholinopropyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide derivatives as specific ERα modulators, discusses the selection criteria for 1ERR, several interactions between the ligand and the amino acid residues that would probably elicit fruitful modulation of the receptor. Accordingly, a ligand was observed to yield a G Score of -10. 390, which was considered close and comparable with the standard ligand Raloxifene (-11.869). Objective: Synthesize a few indole -3-carboxamide derivatives and test their ability to modulate ER-α through human cell line cultures for breast cancer. The present manuscript describes the designing of novel 2-substituted -5-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-3-morpholinopropyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide derivatives as specific ERα modulators, discusses the selection criteria for 1ERR, several interactions between the ligand and the amino acid residues that would probably elicit fruitful modulation of the ER-alpha in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: This work involved designing a few 2-substituted-5-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-3- morpholinopropyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide derivatives and their virtual screening for receptor modulation by carrying molecular docking studies to determine the binding interactions for best-fit conformations in AF-2 binding site of the ERα receptor, and ADME predictions by Quick Prop Tools. Those ligands that displayed satisfactory docking were selected for further studies. These revealed all-important functional groups that interact with active amino acid residues in the targeted cavity, substantiating their presence in molecules to elicit the desired response whence tested in vitro. Results: Based on the docking studies of the designed derivatives, ligands BD59, BD60, BD65, BD58, BD64 BD61, BD54, BD32, BD48 and BD45 have shown better binding energy than the rest and were comparable with the interactions shown by the standard, Raloxifene. The observed results lamented the presence of a substitution at the C-2 position of indole scaffold, either straight or branched with terminal atom containing non-bonding electrons (halo/-NH2). Accordingly, ligand BD59 carrying chlorobenzene chain (G Score= -10.390), whereas BD60 carrying flurobenzene chain (G Score = -10.204), whereas BD65 carrying methylbenzene chain (G Score = -9.863) were found to interact suitably with the active amino acid residues in the targeted cavity that are reported to be involved in interaction with the standard. Conclusion: From the present results, we conclude that designed derivatives have the potential to modulate ERα receptors effectively, which can be synthesized and tested for their effectiveness, in vitro and in vivo against breast cancer.

Background: This prospective comparative study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of bioabsorbable screws versus titanium interference screws for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring autograft. Methods: The study included 30 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a quadrupled hamstring graft; 15 were fixed with titanium interference screws and 15 with bioabsorbable screws. The patients were followed up for six months post-surgery. The functional outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm score. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: There was no significant difference in the functional outcomes between the two groups at the six-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our study shows that there was no difference in functional outcome whether bioabsorbable or titanium interference screw was used. The success of ACL reconstruction depends on the correct technique used for the surgery, precise placement of graft and rehabilitation methods than on type of graft fixation device used, neither titanium nor bioabsorbable screws.

This study examines how students at the Govt. Degree College, Neeli Nallah, Udhampur, use information sources and services. To collect information, a systematic questionnaire was created. A random sample of 100 college students was chosen, out of which 80 students provided full survey information. In order to acquire maximum replies, questionnaires were personally given by hand to the students. The acquired data was arranged and evaluated by using simple statistical method. Keywords: Library Resources, Information Sources, Information Services, College Library.

Home dialysis modalities (home hemodialysis [HD] and peritoneal dialysis [PD]) are associated with greater patient autonomy and treatment satisfaction compared with in-center modalities, yet the level of home-dialysis use worldwide is low. Reasons for limited utilization are context-dependent, informed by local resources, dialysis costs, access to healthcare, health system policies, provider bias or preferences, cultural beliefs, individual lifestyle concerns, potential care-partner time, and financial burdens. In May 2021, KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened a controversies conference on home dialysis, focusing on how modality choice and distribution are determined and strategies to expand home-dialysis use. Participants recognized that expanding use of home dialysis within a given health system requires alignment of policy, fiscal resources, organizational structure, provider incentives, and accountability. Clinical outcomes across all dialysis modalities are largely similar, but for specific clinical measures, one modality may have advantages over another. Therefore, choice among available modalities is preference-sensitive, with consideration of quality of life, life goals, clinical characteristics, family or care-partner support, and living environment. Ideally, individuals, their care-partners, and their healthcare teams will employ shared decision-making in assessing initial and subsequent kidney failure treatment options. To meet this goal, iterative, high-quality education and support for healthcare professionals, patients, and care-partners are priorities. Everyone who faces dialysis should have access to home therapy. Facilitating universal access to home dialysis and expanding utilization requires alignment of policy considerations and resources at the dialysis-center level, with clear leadership from informed and motivated clinical teams.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the agricultural business and assisting farmers to overcome the enormous obstacles they confront. Agriculture is a vast area that needs to be studied. About 80% of India’s surface water is used for agriculture. It can be used for a plethora of applications. Proper irrigation is still a challenge in most agriculture practices. Farming is critical to the development of a nation like Ethiopia. Agriculture-related issues have consistently stymied the country's development. The difficulties that the Internet of Things (IoT) may handle, include regulating cattle, sustainability, and plants and soil. The only solution to this challenging problem is contemporary agriculture and technology for sustainable water use by updating traditional agricultural techniques. By solving issues in farming, having to cut IoT applications boosts agricultural production's efficiency, quality, durability, and cost-effectiveness. This reduces the risk of over or under-watering, resulting in healthier plants and higher yields. Today's enormous and tiny farms may apply IoT to monitor the location that may monitor crop development, identify insects, and assess water content as well as their smart linked cultivators and irrigation. Moreover, the system also reduces the need for manual monitoring and intervention, saving time and reducing labour costs. This project improves the watering operation while monitoring soil parameters including water content, temperatures, and conductivity. Node-MCU is applied to make judgements. If there is a deviation from the impact on succeeding, the user is warned by text message. This guarantees the whole system's health and it enables the system to use an appropriate quantity of water which avoids over/under irrigation.

Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as potential methods for rainfall-runoff modeling in recent decades. The appeal of ML models for such applications is owing to their competitive performance when compared to alternative approaches, ease of application, and lack of rigorous distributional assumptions, among other attributes. Despite the promising results, most ML models for rainfall-runoff applications have been limited to areas where rainfall is the primary source of runoff. The potential of Random Forest (RF), a popular ML method, for rainfall-runoff prediction in the Punpun river basin, India, is investigated in this paper. The correlation coefficient (R), Root mean squared error (RMSE), Mean absolute error (MAE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) are four statistical metrics used to compare RF performance to that of alternative ML models. Model evaluation metrics indicate that RF outperforms all others. In the RF model, we got the best NSE score of 0.795. These findings offer new perspectives on how to apply RF-based rainfall-runoff modeling effectively.

Background: Evaluation and perception of MBBS first year students regarding early clinical exposure (ECE). The goals of ECE are to provide significance to basic sciences along with expansion of medical knowledge so as to establish the cognitive component of professional learning. Medical council of India has given new curriculum for MBBS for undergraduate medical education in which ECE is one of the reforms to improve quality of medical education. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of physiology, Peoples college of medical science and research centre Bhopal. The study duration was one year, 150 students of MBBS first year were included in study. All didactic lecture on systems was delivered mainly on respiratory physiology. It was vertically integrated with department of medicine and is followed by hospital visit. During hospital visit students was divided in 6 groups of 25. Clinicians was exposing the students to the relevant patients and discuss important symptoms and examination/findings on the patients. To assess whether the skills gained through ECE helped the students in the physiology classes of clinical examination, OSCE (Objectively structured clinical examination) was arranged before and after the intervention. Results: The post OSCE scores are better than pre OSCE scores. Perception of students toward ECE they have better understanding and retention of topic. Conclusions: ECE is a good tool for teaching and learning for first year MBBS.

In the current work, we completed a comprehensive assessment of the relative antioxidant activity in extracts from a few different medicinal plant species.The extracts' effectiveness at scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was assessed spectrophotometrically. The highest degree of radical scavenging was 52.54%, while the IC50 value was 93.54.Trigonella foenum graecum extract demonstrates how the greater concentration of phytoconstituents chemicals leads to more powerful radical scavenging results. Keywords: Trigonella foenum graecum, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phytochemical analysis

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.

The Punpun River is primarily a rain-fed river. Forecasting rainfall accurately would enable an early evaluation of drought and flooding conditions. Therefore, having a flawless model for predicting rainfall is important for the hydrological analysis of any river basin. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based models were developed to predict rainfall and discharge in the basin. During the rainy season, water is spread in and around the area of the watershed, thus a General Regression Neural Network (GRNN)-based model was proposed for fast estimation of the inundation area during the flood taking as input cross-section, rainfall, and discharge. The proposed ANN-GRNN coupled model is the first of its kind for this study area. The assessment of the results shows that the proposed GRNN-based model is capable of estimating the water-spreading area.

Van der Waals magnetic materials are building blocks for novel kinds of spintronic devices and playgrounds for exploring collective magnetic phenomena down to the two-dimensional limit. Chromium-tellurium compounds are relevant in this perspective. In particular, the 1$T$ phase of CrTe$_2$ has been argued to have a Curie temperature above 300~K, a rare and desirable property in the class of lamellar materials, making it a candidate for practical applications. However, recent literature reveals a strong variability in the reported properties, including magnetic ones. Using electron microscopy, diffraction and spectroscopy techniques, together with local and macroscopic magnetometry approaches, our work sheds new light on the structural, chemical and magnetic properties of bulk 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ exfoliated in the form of flakes having a thickness ranging from few to several tens of nanometers. We unambiguously establish that 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ flakes are ferromagnetic above room temperature, have an in-plane easy axis of magnetization, low coercivity, and we confirm that their Raman spectroscopy signatures are two modes, $E_{2\text{g}}$ (103.5~cm$^{-1}$) and $A_{1\text{g}}$ (136.5~cm$^{-1}$). We also prove that thermal annealing causes a phase transformation to monoclinic Cr$_5$Te$_8$ and, to a lesser extent, to trigonal Cr$_5$Te$_8$. In sharp contrast with 1$T$-CrTe$_2$, none of these compounds have a Curie temperature above room temperature, and they both have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our findings reconcile the apparently conflicting reports in the literature and open opportunities for phase-engineered magnetic properties.

Mindfulness-based programs were shown to promote relaxation, and improve work performance. We evaluated the effect of an indigenous meditation technique in the work performance of Heads of Departments (HODs) in our institute. We carried out a prospective, interventional, single centre, single blinded, randomized controlled, study to evaluate the effect of meditation technique on work performance and acceptability (among employees) of HODs working in a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital. We also recruited employees from each of the Departments for obtaining their feedback. A validated feedback evaluation questionnaire was used for assessing the outcomes at baseline, and on days 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.Twenty HODs of either gender aged between 36 to 58 Years, with atleast 5 years of experience as Heads leading the respective teams were recruited. One-hundred employees aged between 21 to 58 years reporting at least for one year reporting to those HODs were recruited. The mean (SD) feedback score of the employees in the control arm was 22.98(7.2) while in the interventional arm, it was 21.82 (6.4) and was not statistically significant (p=0.28). On all the follow-up days, the scores were significantly higher in the interventional group compared to control arm. Similarly, in the interventional group, the scores were significantly higher on all the follow-up days compared to baseline while it was not statistically significant in the control group. We observed a significant improvement in the work performance of HODs as evaluated by their respective employees through the meditation technique that consisted of breathing exercise and chanting the Studies are needed exploring the effects in different units and for long term.

Patients with COVID-19 infections have been shown to be under tremendous psychological stress. Chanting the has been shown to ameliorate the stress markers in other conditions. Hence, we envisaged the present study to evaluate the effect of chanting the in our patients presenting with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections.A multicenter, prospective open label study was carried out in adults diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. General anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used for evaluating the psychological well-being of study participants.One-hundred and twenty patients were recruited. Most of the patients felt anxious, worried that something might happen to them at baseline and the proportion has significantly reduced post-intervention (p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) score of GAD scale at baseline was 6.1 (3.4) and was significantly (pWe observed a significant reduction in the anxiety levels following daily chanting of in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. A large well designed controlled clinical trial must be done for further confirmation of the findings from the present study.

Morphometric characteristics, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and condition factors (K) were studied for five indigenous fish species belonging to five different families (Barilius barila Hamilton, Cirrhinus reba Hamilton, Chanda nama Hamilton, Mystus bleekeri Day, and Clupisoma garua Hamilton), from the River Ganga in Bihar, India. A total of 557 fish individuals were collected seasonally from September 2021 to August 2022 using a monofilament drift gill net and a conical trap net Khairel jal. In morphometric analysis, the highest degree of correlation was observed between the total length and the standard length for all species (except C. garua). The estimated exponent value b varies from 2.920 to 3.214, where the slopes of regression lines among the species have significant differences ( p < 0.0001 ). The b value indicated that three species (B. barila, C. nama, and C. garua) follow positive allometric growth, whereas M. bleekeri shows isometric growth and C. reba exhibits negative allometric growth. The condition factor value for these fishes ranged from 0.67 to 0.98, which indicated that the population of C. reba was robust compared to all other species ( p < 0.0001 ). A new maximum length (146.8 mm) was obtained for B. barila from India. The present study gives baseline biological information on five commercially important indigenous fish species found in the River Ganga, Bihar. As the population of these species has been dwindling in recent times, these data will be important for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these important species in the long run.

We presented an unusual case of a 43-year-old man presenting with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of maxillary nerve schwannoma. Surgical excision and histopathology revealed a diagnosis of metastases of squamous cell carcinoma to Gasserian ganglion. On further investigation, the primary tumour was detected in the right alveolar region of mandible. Our purpose of presenting this case was to make the clinicians aware that all cases presenting with trigeminal neuralgia may not be benign and may be the sole presentation of brain metastases of oral cancer without the loco-regional spread.

2-Fluoro-N,N-diphenylbenzamide (2FNNDPBA), a natural nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal, was incorporated from diphenylamine utilizing 2-fluoro benzoyl chloride as a side chain. The single crystals were successfully developed by a slothful evaporation arrangement approach utilizing ethyl acetate as a dissolvable solvent at room temperature. The synthesized compound fragmented ion peak (m/z = 291) was affirmed by gas-chromatographic mass spectrometry investigation. The unit cell dimensions were assessed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which reveals that the crystals possess the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca. The existence of proton and carbon in a compound was affirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The functional groups therein of 2FNNDPBA have been identified from FT-IR and FT-Raman studies and amide carbonyl stretching frequency peak appeared at 1,662 cm−1. The lower cut-off wavelength of 2FNNDPBA is found to be 240 nm and the experimental and theoretical optical band gap was calculated as 3.21 and 3.1083 eV. The UV-Visible spectrum of 2FNNDPBA shows two high-flying peaks at 240 and 273 nm. Major weight losses were observed between 160°C and 275°C for the designated compound. The thermal property for 2FNNDPBA was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis investigation, which shows immense thermal strength up to 171°C. Density functional theory method with Gaussian 09 software for theoretical investigations of 2FNNDPBA for Mulliken charge analysis, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest-lying unoccupied molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential properties has been analyzed. The SHG productivity was proved by Kurtz-Perry powder strategy and has an efficiency 2.22 times that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The laser damage threshold of 2FNNDPBA crystals was discovered to be 1.18 GW·cm−2. The hyperpolarizability simulations further show that the current material has an excellent NLO activity tendency. The melting point of the developed crystal is 158°C.

Background: Diabetes enhances the risk of stroke which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: The study was done to analyze the clinical profile and pattern of stroke in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done in 130 stroke patients (with/without diabetes – 65 each) presenting to outpatient department\inpatient department general medicine department, Dr. Sushila Tiwari Hospital of Government Medical College, Haldwani during January 2020–September 2021. A detailed history, neurological examination along with assessment of risk factors, pattern, and subtype were done. Results: The mean age was significantly higher among stroke patients with diabetes (66.38±11.99 years). The proportion of systemic hypertension was significantly higher in stroke patients without diabetes (89.2%). Abnormal ECG was significantly more reported in stroke patients without diabetes (73.8%). The mean hemoglobin and mean random blood sugar were significantly higher in stroke patients with diabetes (8.82±1.72 and 291.17±107.39, respectively). The mean high-density lipoprotein was significantly higher in stroke patients without diabetes (43.06±5.1), whereas mean low-density lipoprotein, mean triglycerides, and mean total cholesterol were significantly higher in stroke patients with diabetes (126.28±33.19; 186.97±45.91; and 229.31±39.83, respectively). The presenting complaints observed were altered consciousness (67.7%) right hemiparesis (55.4%), left hemiparesis (41.5%), abnormal body movement (28.5%), etc. Ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients with diabetes (90.8%). Lacunar (34%), basal ganglia (27%), cortical (23%), etc., were stroke subtypes seen among study patients. Conclusion: Significant difference was observed between stroke patients with/without diabetes in terms of age, several risk factors, presenting symptoms, pattern, and its subtype.

The trend analysis of precipitation for four rain gauge stations and runoff for Hayaghat station in the Bagmati river basin is carried out in this work by adopting modified Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope methods. Primary and secondary data are used for finding the monthly, seasonal, and annual trends at four stations. Primary data are the observed rainfall from 1981 to 2013 which were collected from IMD Pune, observed runoff data were collected from CWC Patna and secondary data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis rainfall data for the period 1981–2013. The goals of this research are (i) to determine rainfall and runoff trend analysis, as well as the relationship between observed rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis secondary data for four stations and (ii) to find the correlation between observed rainfall data and runoff data for all four seasons. The correlation analysis of observed rainfall and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data shows a very good correlation ranging between 0.6111 and 0.7435. Rainfall is increasing during and after the monsoon at all selected stations, except during the monsoon season in Dhenge. Correlation analysis of rainfall and runoff shows ranges from 0.3724 to 0.4721 for all the four seasons. The correlation of rainfall and runoff is relatively good in monsoon season. HIGHLIGHTS To determine rainfall and runoff trends, as well as the relationship between observed rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis secondary data for four stations. To find the correlation between observed rainfall and runoff data for all four seasons.

Difference differential amplifiers (DDA), which were built on FinFET and carbon nanotube FET (CNTFET), are frequently used for signal processing owing to their advantages of low-power dissipation and reduced device dimension. In this work, high-performance DDA was established using CNTFET model parameters as well as FinFET 7 nm and 14 nm technology. The DDA circuit used in this scenario was identically the same to the one used previously. With the use of Verilog AMS code-based Stanford model parameters applied CNTFET and 7 nm and 14 nm FinFETs, schematic capture and simulations of the DDA were carried out in the Symica environment. The mostly used measurements for assessing the performance of operational amplifiers were also adopted for DDA. The CNTFET-based difference differential amplifiers have slew rates of 10.8 V/femtosecond and 11.2 mV/femtosecond, respectively, with settling times of 0.65 femtosecond and 0.43 femtosecond, respectively. The power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is 2.53 dB with a dynamic range of 198 mV and 6 mV for CNTFET DDA operating at 0.6 V DC. The incentives of CNTFET appropriateness for DDA designed in this study for any analogue front end were further demonstrated by using CNTFET for DDA with the achievement of open loop differential gain of 116.03 dB with BW of 4 GHz and phase margin of 270 and common mode gain of -28.65 dB with BW of 55.14 MHz and phase margin of 270.

Introduction: Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (type-2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The polymorphism in the SOD2 gene (superoxide dismutase) results in minimal production of SOD enzymes, which may affect the scavenging of free radicals. Aim: to see the level of SOD enzyme in type-2DM patients associated with SOD2 gene polymorphism. Material& Methods: It is a comparative study conducted in the department of anatomy in collaboration with the Department of General Medicine, RKDF medical college Hospital& research center, Bhopal. 5 ml of venous blood from type-2 DM patients (n=30) and control subject (n=30) was collected, followed by estimation of blood glucose (HbA1c, FBS& PPBS) and the genetic test was done to detect the SOD2 gene polymorphism. Results: Blood glucose levels (HbA1c, FBS &PPBS) were high and SOD levels were low in type-2 DM patients when compared with control subjects (p

Despite the availability of multiple therapies for chronic kidney disease (CKD), there still exists an unmet need for better options to slow down disease progression and prevent complications. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial, which demonstrated the renoprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin, independent of diabetes, with improved survival, even in patients with CKD with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as low as 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 , has highlighted the potential beneficial role of SGLT2i in patients with CKD. These benefits were also achieved in patients who were already receiving optimal therapies for slowing the progression of CKD. The potential candidature of SGLT2i for CKD therapy is now being widely discussed in the nephrology community. Therefore, a consensus meeting was held in September 2020 with a group of expert nephrologists from India, to discuss the need to improve CKD management and assess the position of SGLT2i, based on compelling evidence from recent studies. This document summarizes the expert opinions and views on the position of SGLT2i in CKD management and aims to enhance the current understanding of the applicability of SGLT2i in patients with CKD. This will aid nephrologists and physicians across the country in decision-making on the management of patients with CKD using SGLT2i. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Dapagliflozin, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, SGLT2i inhibitors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Glomerular diseases are the leading drivers of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease disability-adjusted life years in resource-limited countries. Proper diagnosis and treatment relies on resources including kidney biopsy, ancillary testing, and access to evidence-based therapies.We conducted a cross-sectional internet-based survey cascaded through society mailing lists among nephrologists in countries of Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe. We collected the data on respondent demographics, their ability to perform and appropriately interpret a kidney biopsy, and their access to complementary investigations and treatment practices.A total of 298 kidney care specialists from 33 countries (53.3% from Asia and 44.6% from Africa; 64% from academic or university hospitals) participated in the survey. Of these specialists, 85% performed kidney biopsy. About 61% of the respondents could not obtain a kidney biopsy in more than 50% of patients with suspected glomerular disease. About 43% of the respondents from Africa had access to only light microscopy. Overall, the inability to undertake and fully evaluate a biopsy and perform ancillary investigations were more profound in Africa than in Asia. Overall, 59% of participants reported that more than 75% of their patients meet the cost of diagnosis and treatment by out-of-pocket payments. Empirical use of immunosuppression was higher in Africa than in Asia. The main barriers for diagnosis and treatment included delayed presentation, incomplete diagnostic work-up, and high cost of treatment.Major system-level barriers impede the implementation of guideline-driven approaches for diagnosis and treatment of patients with glomerular disease in resource-limited countries.

The study was done to evaluate postoperative benefit in patients administered tablet gabapentin as premedication with primary outcome determining the total analgesic requirements.The duration of analgesia and postoperative sedation scores were secondary outcomes. The study was a prospective randomised observational study in 120 patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group G (n=60) patients received tablet gabapentin 300mg and Group P (n=60) patients received a placebo orally 2 hours before surgery.Postoperative pain was managed with IV Tramadol 2 mg/kg. Postoperative monitoring included pain assessment with NRS and sedation score every 2 hours till 12 hours and then at 24 hours. On comparison, the total opioid requirement was not significant (p value 0.250) between the two groups but the duration of analgesia was significant (0.03) with group G. Sedation scores were higher in Group G at 2 and 4 hours postoperatively.Single dose of 300mg Gabapentin has no effect in reducing the postoperative opioid consumption but has prolonged the duration of analgesia

Inflammation is a reaction of a living vascularised tissue to an injury. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases are inadequate, it sometimes have serious side effects. So, number of herbal medicines is recommended for the treatment of inflammation that has no side effects. Pongamia pinnata, Pierre (Family- Fabaceae) commonly known as karanja. The seed and seed oil of the plant have been reported to be effective in various inflammatory and infectious diseases such as leucoderma, leprosy, lumbago, muscular and articular rheumatism, cutaneous affection including herpes and scabies etc. in folk medicine and Ayurveda, a traditional system of healing . Anti-inflammatory activities of this plant for various parts have been reported in various models. This study examined the anti-inflammatory potential of a methanolic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata and reference drug Declofenac sodium, invitro using heat-induced protein denaturation technique. The concentrations of the leave extract used were 50-250μg/ml. While diclofenac sodium were 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250μg/ml. Both the Diclofenac sodium and extract showed the IC50 values 18.36 and 82.24µg/ml respectively. It is concluded that the methanolic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata possess marked in vitro anti-inflammatory activity which is mediated possibly by flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. This is a novel finding. Further the results scientifically justify the use of leaves of Pongamia pinnata in India traditional medicine to treat inflammation. Keywords: Inflammation, Pongamia pinnata, Fabaceae, heat-induced protein denaturation technique

Plants have served human beings as a natural source for treatments and therapies from ancient times, amongst them medicinal herbs have gain attention because of its wide use and less side effects. In the recent years plant research has increased throughout the world and a huge amount of evidences have been collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Rosa indica symbol of godness and beauty known for various healing power, has astringent, sedative, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant qualities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities of leaves of Rosa indica. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the leave part was assessed against DPPH free radical scavenging assay methods using standard protocols. The activities of methanolic leave part extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 24.34 and 62.66μg/ml respectively. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Rosa indica, DPPH assay method, Methanolic extract

Access control is an essential security component of cloud computing, and hierarchical access management is of particular interest because different access privileges are granted in practice. As a solution to versatile and fine-grained hierarchical access control in cloud computing, this paper also presents a hierarchical key assignment scheme based on linear geometry. The encryption key of each class in the hierarchy is connected with a private vector and a public vector in our scheme, and the inner product of an ancestor class's private vector as well as the public variable of its decedent’s class could be used to deduce the encryption method of that descendant class. The proposed scheme is among the direct access strategies on hierarchical access control, which also means so each class at a higher level can straight derive this same encryption key of its decedent’s class without and need to iterate. In furthermore to this basic hierarchy key derivation, we propose a dynamic key management mechanism to handle possible changes in the hierarchy efficiently. Under the assumption of pseudo - random number functions, our scheme requires only light computations over a finite field by providing strong key in-distinguishability. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrates that our scheme maximises the trade-off among computation consumption as well as storage space.