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This project is seeking to determine what two-way engagement and communication strategies have been trialled in health and medical research context. It focuses on implementations that have been evaluated, and what the outcomes were for participants and research projects.

As part of job design program, job rotation is more focused on creating new atmosphere for employees. The employees have diverse abilities as well as skills which impact on motivation for doing their duty. The research was conducted at a cigarette company that developed machine-rolled kretek cigarette technology. The company has rotated employee jobs in production and packaging. The research was conducted by conducting interviews and observations in the company. The results showed that job rotation did not have a significant effect on employee performance. However, job rotation has a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The managerial implication of the study showed that employees' performance will improve with the good job rotation preparation. Information about the job rotation should be gave in the beginning in order to provide employees' opportunities for developing their passion as well as build effective two way communication

The following research paper emblazons the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the education sectors of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa University and Colleges students. Data has been collected through Google form, (due to COVID-19 SOP’s) from students. Research Population includes 568 students from different universities programmes and semesters that have presented their views about effect of study in COVID-19 Pandemic. The overall output of the survey highlighted that majority of students were not aware about the digital tools, which they are now apprised of, which according to them will help them in the future career. Majority of the students negate the online classes due to, lack of resources, time issues and no internet facility or the students that devoid of any practical work repealed it. Main problem that has been highlighted is Internet connection problem in newly merged District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Lack of a satisfactory substructure, learning motivation, socialization for majority students, hindrances to perform practical applications, less effective student-teacher interaction and communication, less achievements of the examination objective, online examination e.g., lack of two way communication, more chances of cheating, possibility of mental health and physical deprivation (e.g., spending too much time in front of screens, installation of a deskbound routine. Therefore communication for the contemporary academic year, effective and efficient measures have to be imposed by the university management to solve all the students’ issues (internet issues and relevant data availability) and waive off as much as possible these undesirable issues and to develop a better online education process.

This paper focuses on developing an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) wireless robot. It can sense the different parameters of the surroundings; transmit the data through a wireless medium and display data in LCD as well as on a Remote PC. It controls the direction of the robot from a remote location using wireless communication and thereby performing military surveillance and analysing the battlefield environment and challenges that the soldiers may potentially face. By using a Wi-Fi camera and many sensors the robot can help the soldiers in the war fields to examine various environmental conditions and challenges. The arduino and NRF (Nordic Radio Frequency) technologies are used to achieve the above tasks. The different sensors and the robotic arm are connected to the Arduino Uno which in turn is connected to the Nordic Radio Frequency module. Data transmission and receiving are done through Nordic Radio Frequency communication technology. The proposed model eliminates the limitations of the existing models and thus provides better assistance to the soldiers and enables them to handle their missions better.

This study seeks to understand the mediation effects of two-way communication between the relationship of leadership styles (servant and transformational) and subordinate-level work engagement. In ...

In this paper, we consider a single server retrial queue MMPP|M|1 with two way communication and multiple types of outgoing calls. Calls received by the system occupy the device for operating, if it is free, or are sent to orbit, where they make a random delay before the next attempt to occupy the device. The duration of the delay has an exponential distribution. The main issue of this model is an existence of various types of outgoing calls in the system. The intensity of outgoing calls is different for different types of outgoing calls. The operating time of the outgoing calls also differs depending on the type and is exponential random variable, the parameters of which in the general case do not coincide. The device generates calls from the outside only when it does not operate the calls received from the flow. We use asymptotic analysis methods under two limit conditions: high rate of outgoing calls and low rate of serving outgoing calls. The aim of the current research is to derive an asymptotic stationary probability distribution of the number of incoming calls in the system that arrived from the flow, without taking into account the outgoing call if it is operated on the device. In this paper, we obtain asymptotic characteristic function under aforementioned limit conditions. In the limiting condition of high intensity of outgoing calls, the asymptotic characteristic function of the number of incoming calls in a system with repeated calls and multiple types of outgoing calls is a characteristic function of a Gaussian random variable. The type of the asymptotic characteristic function of the number of incoming calls in the system under study in the limiting condition of long-term operation of the outgoing calls is uniquely determined.

Feedback is substantial in communication process. Consequently, due to absence of two-way communication in classroom, teaching and learning are not productive and prolific in most of Indian institutions. Secondly, talk or interaction is a significant medium of students’ assessment and by listening to what they have to say teachers support their learning. Several studies conclude that classroom discussions are often dominated by a small number of students while others remain silent and quiet. The study was precisely conducted to find out the factors or barriers contributing to students’ reluctance to communicate in the classrooms. The case study method was employed and total 35-student was interviewed. The study concludes that dialogue or communication between teachers and students is a vital part of the education process and those students who do not speak in the classrooms are disadvantaged. The study found that psychological, emotional, practical, social attitude and previous school education barriers was the salient that responsible to students communication behavior in the classrooms. These barriers must be removed to ensure the participation of quiet students to make active role in education. Keywords : Communication, Barriers, classroom, students, teachers etc.

This article compares official statements on democracy and ordinary people’s understandings of the term to examine whether government propaganda works to shape the democratic conceptions of the mas...

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. This study conceptualizes how fire management authorities can empower non-expert public to participate in fire risk communication processes and increase their own responsibilities for managing fire preventive, protective and recovery processes effectively. Drawing narratives from ten disaster management experts working at government institutions and nine micro entrepreneurs operating self-sustaining businesses in different merchandized lines in Ghana, we analyzed the data thematically and explored new insights on mental models to generate a two-way fire risk communication model. The findings suggest that fire management authorities planned fire disasters at the strategic level, collaborated with multiple stakeholders, disseminated information through many risk communication methods, and utilized their capabilities to manage fire at the various stages of fire risk communication, but the outcomes were poor. The micro entrepreneurs sought to improve fire management outcomes through attitude change, law enforcement actions, strengthened security and better public trust building. The study has implications for policymakers, governments and risk communication authorities of developing countries to strengthen their fire disaster policies to minimize commercial fire incidents and address the damaging effects of fire on people’s livelihoods, businesses, properties and environments. Our proposed two-way fire risk communication model is a new theoretical lens for experts and the non-expert public to assess each other’s beliefs about risk information and manage fire risk communication effectively at all stages.

Background : Midwifery care II is a compulsory subject at study program D3 of midwifery islamic of university of Madura, because it deals directly with the main task of the midwife, is attending births. For that, the learning process of midwifery care II needs special attention, both in term of theory and practice. Objective : The purpose of this study to analyze learning courses of midwifery care II. Method : Design used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Research to be conducted in the from of a single case study with one characteristic (one location). Respondents in this study include student, lectures, and head of study program. In this study there are three kind of data collection analysis. Technical validity of the data with triangulation sources and methode. Techniques used in the analysis process by using interactive analisys model. Result : (1) learning plan is done optimally enough, (2) implementation of learning using of variety of learning methods, (3) evaluations of learning is assesed trough middle test, final test and phase test, (4) contrains encountered in the process of learning that is student interest in learning is less, whereas how to evercome in the learning process are two way communication to determine the dificulty and provide more time for discussion.Conclution : learning process as a whole is less than optimal, because the lack student interest in learning and achivement of learning outcomes is still lacking, it is proved there are 39,59% of the students who have not completed the study with minimum valve of standart campus is 60.

This article concentrates on the steady-state analysis of a constant retrial queueing system with impatient customers, vacation, feedback, and two types of arrivals, namely the incoming calls which are made by the customers and the outgoing calls which are made by the server during the idle period. The incoming calls arrive at the system by following the Markovian Arrival Process(MAP) and service times of incoming/outgoing calls follow phase-type (PH) distribution, and the rest of the random variables are exponentially distributed. We have framed our model for analyzing some of the basic situations/problems in telecommunication systems. With the support of matrix analytic method, the invariant analysis of our system has been carried out. We have also discussed the busy period and have performed the cost analysis for our model. At last, we have validated our model through numerical and graphical exemplifications.

We consider an M/G/1 retrial queue in which there are two types of calls: ingoing calls made by regular customers and outgoing calls made by the server in idle time. The service times of ingoing calls and outgoing calls have different arbitrary distributions. In this paper, we are interested in the analysis of the waiting time distribution. We obtain an equation for the joint transform of the number of ingoing calls in the orbit and the waiting time of an arbitrary ingoing call. Using this result, we can obtain the moments of the waiting time distribution of an arbitrary ingoing call.

The communication system of a microgrid can transfer the information of electricity price, power consumption and so on between users and the control centre. This capability is of great significance to improve the efficiency and sustainability of power facilities. In this paper, a bidirectional DC–AC converter topology is proposed to achieve the composite transmission of power and signals in microgrids. Since the transmitted signals are modulated by power switches of converters and integrated into the currents, the cost of signal couplers can be saved and the circuit structure can be simplified. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a simulation model of the proposed converter is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. With the power supply frequency of 50 Hz, when the converter operates in the inverter mode and rectifier mode, the data transmission rate can reach 120 bit/s and 48 bit/s, respectively.

In this paper, we consider a single server queueing model M |M |1|N with two types of calls: incoming calls and outgoing calls, where incoming calls arrive at the server according to a Poisson process. Upon arrival, an incoming call immediately occupies the server if it is idle or joins an orbit if the server is busy. From the orbit, an incoming call retries to occupy the server and behaves the same as a fresh incoming call. The server makes an outgoing calls after an exponentially distributed idle time. It can be interpreted as that outgoing calls arrive at the server according to a Poisson process. There are N types of outgoing calls whose durations follow N distinct exponential distributions. Our contribution is to derive the asymptotics of the number of incoming calls in retrial queue under the conditions of high rates of making outgoing calls and low rates of service time of each type of outgoing calls. Based on the obtained asymptotics, we have built the approximations of the probability distribution of the number of incoming calls in the system.

Objective To describe web messaging patterns and the content of web messages among young people in a Finnish national online service. Methods A descriptive mixed-method was used. The data consisted of text-based web messaging communication between young people and a counsellor in a nationwide online service between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Web messaging patterns were analysed using descriptive statistics. The content of the messages was analysed with thematic analysis and qualitative results were presented. In addition, the factors associated with messaging patterns and content were analysed. Results A total of 1941 messages were sent by 1354 young people. Most of them were between 12 and 17 years old and females. Less than one-fifth of young people had multiple two-way discussions with counsellor. The total period of two-way discussions and the number of words in each message varied widely. The number of words was lower in messages sent by males. The content of the messages was divided into three main themes: interpersonal relationships and environment (Social relationships), oneself (Construction of self), and health-related problems and support received from professionals (Health and wellbeing). The young people’s messages mostly contained topics related to the main theme of ‘Social environment’. Conclusion Most young people sent one message only. Messages ranged from simple, single messages to complex texts describing the daily life of young people. Girls were more active in messaging, and they wrote longer texts.

The task of choosing a route to move from A to B is not trivial, as road networks in metropolitan areas tend to be over crowded. It is important to adapt on the fly to the traffic situation. One way to help road users (driver or autonomous vehicles for that matter) is by using modern communication technologies.In particular, there are reasons to believe that the use of communication between the infrastructure (network), and the demand (vehicles) will be a reality in the near future. In this paper, we use car-to-infrastructure (C2I) communication to investigate whether the road users can accelerate their learning processes regarding route choice by using reinforcement learning (RL). The kernel of our method is a two way communication, where road users communicate their rewards to the infrastructure, which, in turn, aggregate this information locally and pass it to other users, in order to accelerate their learning tasks. We employ a microscopic simulator in order to compare this method with two others (one based on RL without communication and a classical iterative method for traffic assignment). Experimental results using a grid and a simplification of a real-world network show that our method outperforms both.

The need to express oneself clearly and freely is a fundamental desire and must be available to all regardless of any handicap they face. Often, people that endure hearing and speech impairments use sign language as their only way of communication. This leaves a major communication barrier between people who speak sign language and those that communicate otherwise. Not a lot of people who communicate via vocal languages are inclined to learn sign language. The contribution of this paper is to develop a model which converts signs from the American Sign Language (ASL) into English characters using a CNN which segments the signs to their English language alphabets. The model was able to detect 26 alphabets and 3 additional characters with upto 99.78% accuracy. This paper also proposes inclusion of a speech to text module in order to facilitate seamless two way communication.

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are growing exponentially and are forecast to play an even more important role in Future Networks and Systems. However, it is widely accepted that the terrestrial network alone is not able to serve the requirements of the IoT market of a truly ubiquitous coverage. To this aim, several initiatives are currently addressing the inclusion of a satellite component into the telecommunication infrastructure to extend its coverage to those areas that are un- or under-served by the terrestrial networks. At the same time, European Space Agency (ESA) and its industry partners are designing the Galileo Second Generation (G2G) constellation, which is expected to be available by 2025.In this general context, our work proposes a two way communication service based on the new G2G constellation and using the Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha (E-SSA) air-interface, to address the IoT use cases in remote areas (e.g., cargo tracking, environmental monitoring). Thanks to their global coverage and fully operative ground infrastructure, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) offer in fact a potential great advantage over the forthcoming satellite mega-constellations in serving IoT applications.

This paper analyzes the Twitter @replies (responses to a user’s initial tweet) of Target Canada as the organization entered the Canadian retail landscape in the Spring of 2013. The @replies posted by Target Canada are analyzed through two lenses: Grunig’s (1992) two-way symmetrical model of public relations and Kent & Taylor’s (2001) dialogic theory of public relations. Grunig’s model argues that the symmetrical model of communication serves the interests of both organizations and their publics by emphasizing dialogue and mutually beneficial relationships (Grunig & Jaatinen, 1999). Similarly, Kent & Taylor advocate for relational interaction and relationship building between organizations and their audience. This case study will contribute to the small body of literature that focuses on Twitter’s @reply function. As social media use is an increasingly important marketing and branding tool, it is important for organizations to realize the potential that each platform can offer. Through Twitter @replies, organizations can create a balanced dialogue (where both the organization and its public participate in a dialogic exchange) and build open, mutually beneficial relationships.

Every year, millions of Muslims converge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. So how does a government prepare for a potential crisis when hosting an event of this magnitude? A content analysis guided this study on crisis communication strategies taken by the Saudi government before, during, and after Hajj 2018 and how Saudi Arabia utilized the media to deliver proactive messages to ensure a successful Hajj season. The study found that the government created and built a positive image in the media through the use of effective management, preemptive messages, and multiple communication channels.

In this paper, the authors evaluate the secrecy performance of a two-way communication network via two half-duplex decode and forward relays under an eavesdropper attacking. The sources (S1 and S2) communicate with each other via the relays in two phases. Due to the directional antennas at the relay, eavesdropper does not eavesdrop from the relay. The eavesdropper only eavesdrops the message from one of two sources at a time, which has higher strength. The total relay power is divided between two relays. An optimal value of power allocation, which minimises the secrecy outage probability (SOP), is derived under equal and different transmit power of both the sources. The optimal value of transmitting power of S1 is obtained for a fixed value of transmitting power of S2. Performance in terms of the SOP increases with increase in transmit power of the sources, supply power for relays while it may decrease with increase in transmit power of one source beyond its optimal value for a given transmit power of the other source and increase in the threshold of global secrecy rate. They derive a closed-form expression of SOP of this proposed model. The analytical results are validated by our MATLAB based simulation results.

Sensor cloud is a new technological development and improvement of numerous dayto day life applications. It is in the form to embed for cloud computing with wireless Sensor network. As wireless no more furnishes with processing, information storage and exploring but it all done by the use of cloud andalso it help to overcome problems like efficiency, lifespan and energy supply. The proposed methodology works on push pull mechanisms to save the node’s energy and to improve the network lifetime. The two way communication from sensor to cloud is made possible along with making nodes in active and sleep mode to preserve the node’s energy and prolong the lifespan of network. Push mechanism is responsible for sending the active nodes data to cloud server and push is operated for two ways communication i.e. user request are executed by communicating with sensor nodes from cloud server and intern sensor network provide the required data to cloud server. The result shows that there is an improvement in saving node energy, less end to end delay and hence prolonging network lifetime.

In this article we analyze the M=G=1 retrial queue with two-way communication and n types of outgoing calls from a stochastic comparison viewpoint. The main idea is that given a complex Markov chain that cannot be analyzed numerically, we propose to bound it by a new Markov chain, which is easier to solve by using a stochastic comparison approach. Particularly, we study the monotonicity of the transition operator of the embedded Markov chain relative to the stochastic and convex orderings. Bounds are also obtained for the stationary distribution of the embedded Markov chain at departure epochs. Additionally, the performance measures of the considered system can be estimated by those of an M=M=1 retrial queue with two-way communication and n types of outgoing calls when the service time distribution is NBUE (respectively, NWUE). Finally, we test numerically the accuracy of the proposed bounds.

SUMMARY Dreams take us to a different reality, a hallucinatory world that feels as real as any waking experience. These often-bizarre episodes are emblematic of human sleep but have yet to be adequately explained. Retrospective dream reports are subject to distortion and forgetting, presenting a fundamental challenge for neuroscientific studies of dreaming. Here we show that individuals who are asleep and in the midst of a lucid dream (aware of the fact that they are currently dreaming) can perceive questions from an experimenter and provide answers using electrophysiological signals. We implemented our procedures for two-way communication during polysomnographically verified rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep in 36 individuals. Some had minimal prior experience with lucid dreaming, others were frequent lucid dreamers, and one was a patient with narcolepsy who had frequent lucid dreams. During REM sleep, these individuals exhibited various capabilities, including performing veridical perceptual analysis of novel information, maintaining information in working memory, computing simple answers, and expressing volitional replies. Their responses included distinctive eye movements and selective facial muscle contractions, constituting correctly answered questions on 29 occasions across 6 of the individuals tested. These repeated observations of interactive dreaming, documented by four independent laboratory groups, demonstrate that phenomenological and cognitive characteristics of dreaming can be interrogated in real time. This relatively unexplored communication channel can enable a variety of practical applications and a new strategy for the empirical exploration of dreams., Graphical Abstract, In Brief Scientific investigations of dreaming have been hampered by the delay between a dream and when people report on their dream, and by a change in state from sleep to wake. To overcome this problem, Konkoly et al. show that individuals in REM sleep can perceive and answer an experimenter’s questions, allowing for real-time communication about a dream.

Intercultural communication is a process of cultural interaction, in which the culture of the target language and the culture of the native language are equally important. In the learning process of foreign language majors, the lack of native culture often becomes a key factor that hinders the improvement of their intercultural communication competence. To effectively solve the problem of cultural aphasia of native language in the process of intercultural communication competence cultivation is not only related to the establishment of cultural consciousness and cultural confidence, but also related to the inheritance, dissemination and development of excellent native culture.

Due to rapid advances in technology, particularly location-based services, there has been an increase in the availability of self-reporting hazard tools and mobile applications. However, many challenges remain in understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of community risk reduction (CRR) information systems and the impact these self-reports have on emergency response. This paper addresses the gap in the existing literature by combining theories and data from multiple disciplines. Existing research has traditionally focused on Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), citizen science for Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and participatory mapping. Still, the extant literature does not comprehensively evaluate community stakeholders’ perceptions and engagement in emergency preparedness efforts, particularly for applications intending to engage both civilians and first responders. More importantly, there is little existing research to better understand the relationships that exist between the first responders, technology, and residents they serve in their first-due areas. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an overview on how to best support multiple stakeholders and to foster more constructive communication between first responders and the communities they serve through technology mediated self-reporting tools.

Stratēģiskā un sabiedrisko attiecību vadība Informācijas un komunikācijas zinātnes Strategic and Public Relations Management Information and Communication Sciences Covid-19 pandēmija nenoliedzami visā pasaulē uzskatāmi parādīja valstu gatavību šādu globālu izaicinājumu risināšanā. Riska komunikācija ir būtiska ārkārtējo situāciju apdraudējuma ierobežošanas instruments. Tādēļ, lai sniegtu priekšlikumus riska komunikācijas pilnveidei, maģistra darbā “Latvijas valdības un par Covid-19 izplatības ierobežošanu atbildīgo amatpersonu riska komunikācija ārkārtējās situācijas laikā” tika pētīts, vai Latvijas amatpersonu riska komunikācija ārkārtējās situācijas laikā no 2020. gada 12. marta līdz 10. jūnijam atbilda riska komunikācijas teorijām un labās prakses vadlīnijām, kā rāmēšanu veica komunikācijas veidotāji un kā to atspoguļoja mediji. Darba teorētiskajā daļā apskatīti vispārīgie Gruniga un Lasvela komunikācijas modeļi pētījuma ietvara gūšanai, riska komunikācijas teorijas, pievēršot uzmanību tieši risku uztveres faktoriem un mentālā trokšņa ietekmei, kā arī rāmēšanas nozīme un metodes vēstījumu uztveres manipulēšanai. Pētījums veikts, pirmkārt, izmantojot vienpadsmit dziļās intervijas ar komunikācijas veidotājiem, runas personām un mediju pārstāvjiem. Otrkārt, veikta apjomīga satura analīze divdesmit astoņām Ministru kabineta preses konferencēm, sešdesmit pavadošajām preses relīzēm un divi simti trīsdesmit četrām interneta portālu publikācijām saistībā ar preses konferencēs ziņoto. Maģistra darba pētījuma rezultāti atklāj, ka Latvijas valsts pārvaldei trūka kā riska komunikācijas stratēģijas, tā caurvijoši riska komunikācijas vēstījumi, kas bija pirmā būtiskā barjera izcilai riska komunikācijai. Pirms pirmās ārkārtējās situācijas netika arī ievāktas un Latvijas situācijai aprobētas riska komunikācijas labās prakses un vadlīnijas. Tā rezultātā ikdienas darbā vēstījumu rāmēšana neieņēma būtisku lomu, ko daļēji kompensēja mediji, izceļot viņuprāt būtiskākos vēstījumus savās publikācijās. Lai likvidētu dažādās riska komunikācijas barjeras, maģistra darba rezultātā izstrādāts priekšlikumu kopums, kas noteiktu atbildības un ietvaru riska komunikācijas pilnveidošanai un koordinēšanai, celtu uzticību komunikācijas veidotāju spējām un kapacitātei un palīdzētu gan veiksmīgāk izmantot komunikācijā riska uztveri ietekmējošos faktorus, gan uzrunāt ne tikai sabiedrību kā kopumu, bet arī tās nozīmīgākās grupas. The Covid-19 pandemic undoubtably highlighted in every country its preparedness level for such a global challenge. Risk communication is an essential part of limiting the threats in the emergency situation. Therefore, to develop suggestions for risk communication improvements, in the Master’s Thesis “Risk communication during the emergency situation from the Government of Latvia and the officials responsible for limiting the spread of Covid-19” it is researched, if the risk communication of the Latvian officials during the emergency situation from the 12th March to 10th June 2020 coincides with risk communication theories and best practice guidelines, and how framing was carried out by the communication officials and how the media reflected it. In the theoretical part the overall communication models of Grunig and Laswell examined, and the risk communication theories looking at risk perception factors and mental noise, and framing theory in the sense of narrative development are inspected. The research itself is done, first, by eleven deep interviews with communication officials, spokespeople and media representatives. Secondly, a voluminous content analysis was done with twenty-eight press conferences by the Cabinet of Ministers, sixty accompanying press releases after the meetings of the Cabinet of Ministers and two hundred and thirty-four media publications about the announcements at the press conferences. The results of the Master’s Thesis research reveals that the Latvian government did not have a risk communication strategy and pervasive risk communication narratives, which was a barrier to overcome. Before the emergency situation best practices and guidelines from around the world were not gathered and approbated to the Latvian situation. Therefor framing was not a significant part of the daily communication work, which however was slightly compensated by the media who framed it according to their priorities. To overcome the aforementioned barriers, as a result of the research done a list of suggestions have been developed, which would set the responsibilities and a framework for improving risk communication and coordination, raise the trust level of the capabilities of the communication officers and their capacity, and would help make better use of the risk perception factors and addressing not just the whole of the society, but also its specific target groups.

We consider a man-in-the-middle attack on two-way quantum key distribution ping-pong and LM05 protocols in which an eavesdropper copies all messages in the message mode, while being undetectable in the mode. Under the attack there is therefore no disturbance in the message mode and the mutual information between the sender and the receiver is always constant and equal to one and messages copied by the eavesdropper are always genuine. An attack can only be detected in the control mode but the level of detection at which the protocol should be aborted is not defined. We examine steps of the protocol to evaluate its security and find that the protocol should be redesigned. We also compare it with the security of a one-way asymmetric BB84-like protocol in which one basis serves as the message mode and the other as the control mode but which does have the level of detection at which the protocol should be aborted defined., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Aims: Social media, because of its broad coverage, is an attractive option for communicating public health messages. However, the lack of a theoretical framework, supporting the two-way communication of social media, is holding back its development and use. This study investigated the suitability of a dynamic transactional model (DTM) of communication for explaining the use of social media for communicating public health messages. Methods: The study was carried out on ‘Don’t know? Don’t drink’, a Facebook campaign against drinking alcohol during pregnancy that targeted women of childbearing age in New Zealand. The comments generated were analysed for two features of DTM, namely inter- and intra-transaction, by examining the plurality of topics and polarity of sentiments, using text-mining techniques. Results: The analysis of the textual data revealed nine independent topics, confirming the plurality of topics. The conversation contained both positive and negative terms, establishing the polarity of sentiment. Conclusions: This study verified the two DTM features (inter- and intra-transaction) in the comments produced by the ‘Don’t know? Don’t drink’ campaign implemented on Facebook. DTM exhibited the potential to be a theoretical framework for recommending and evaluating social media sites like Facebook for communicating public health messages.

This paper proposes and analyzes a two-orbit single server queueing model for cognitive wireless networks with cooperative communication. In our model, two secondary users opportunistically utilize a channel which is originally granted to primary users. If a secondary user cannot occupy the channel it returns to the orbit and retries for server after an exponentially distributed time. The retrial rates of the SUs are coupled. We derive a boundary problem for the joint generating functions of the numbers of jobs in the orbits and the state of the server.

Two-way symmetrical communication has been described as the best practice in modern public relations. The advent of new media, specifically social media, provides public relations practitioners with the opportunities of engaging in effective two-way communication with their publics because of its interaction potentials.The aim of this paper, therefore, was to propose and validate an online interactivity model that explains how public relations (PR) practitioners use social media for the promotion of two-way balanced communication with their publics. Data were collected from 513 Nigerian PR practitioners through systematic random sampling and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of the study suggested that the proposed and validated online interactivity model explained 82% of practitioners use social media for enhancing interaction with their publics.

Gerindra is one of the leading political parties in Indonesia. Edhy Prabowo is known as an influential figure in the Gerindra Party who currently serves as Deputy Chairperson of the Gerindra Party. Communication is very important in human life, communication is in every human activity. The form can be in the form of writing, oral, image, gesture, printed words. The style of communication comes in part of communication activities in general. Communication style can influence the smoothness of the communication process in an organization. Job performance is greatly influenced by the motivation of employees who are high in doing their jobs. Motivation for each person or individual is different. Depending on the impulse that is basis of someone doing something or working. This study aims to determine the communication style of Edhy Prabowoin motivating Prabowo Subianto’s guards. The concepts used in this study include the style communication, organizational communication, and work motivation. The research paradigm use constructivists with a descriptive qualitative reaserch approach. The subjects of the study were Deputy General of Gerindra Party and Guard Prabowo Subianto. The results of the study revealed that the communication style used by Edhy Prabowo as Deputy Chairperson of the Gerindra Party was a combination of the equalitarian style and the structuring style. In leading the organization Edhy Prabowo also uses a democratic leadership style and implements two way communication.Keyword : Communication Style and Motivation.

“Two Way or Go Away”: If your class isn’t a two-way classroom, then you have to go away from your classroom. This gentle call to veteran educators at the university level is the gist of changing the old-style one-way lecturing classroom to a two-way communication venue. The authors developed and started operation of the Digital Presentation Platform (DPP) to serve as the development principle for achieving this call. The DPP has the following three functions: 1) Response Analyzer, 2) Learning Management System (LMS), and 3) Distance Education. In this paper, we report on the Response Analyzer, the core function of the DPP, in terms of its educational function, types and examples of questions, and its effects of some trials. The Response Analyzer is a method for supporting the revitalization of classes required by Japanese higher education in particular: in other words, strengthening the conversion of one-way knowledge-presentation based lectures into two-way discussion-based formats in which students actively participate. The Response Analyzer is very effective in transforming university faculty members, the “teachers” for whom such one-way lectures are the norm, into “facilitators” who can work with the students through two-way communication to lead them towards a network space information world.

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung stellt unsere Gesellschaft vor Herausforderungen und bietet zugleich eine Unmenge an Chancen. Sowohl Mensch als auch Maschine produzieren heutzutage eine grose Anzahl an Daten, die bisher noch ungenutzt und nicht miteinander verbunden sind.

Usual tasks such as, communicating messages and expressing feelings/thoughts, are easy for an average person with all functional organs. However, for differently abled personals day-to-day conversations are challenging. So they prefer writing down messages or making signs to communicate. The major drawback of sings is that, they can only be understood by those who are aware of the sign language. In this project, a two way communication system is introduced to convert signs to audio output using electronic gloves and speech to text using a speech-to-text converting application. Flex sensors are used to capture signs by the moments of fingers and their output is given as input to microcontroller and microcontroller’s output to speaker. Output from software which converts speech into text is given as input to microcontroller with the help of Bluetooth and LCD is used to display text from speech-to-text converter.

In this paper, we consider a multiserver retrial queue with two-way communication. Incoming calls arrive according to the stationary Poisson process and occupy the servers. Durations of incoming calls have an exponential distribution. If all the servers are busy upon arrival, the incoming call joins the orbit. The time spent by the call in the orbit is an exponential random variable. Idle servers also make outgoing calls whose durations follow an exponential distribution. We derive the diffusion limits of the number of calls in the orbit and the approximation of its stationary probability distribution.

The democratic era has promoted transparency, public participation, and open access on public information, therefore, public relations is considered an integral part of the democratic process. The study is not only about genders representation, but also the outcome of involving genders and their competence in managerial positions. This study aims to portray the outcome of employing male and female and their competency in managing government public relations in Indonesia. An online survey on 102 public relations practitioners from various government institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate formula. The research reveals that government public relations have applied two-way communication models and resulted in an excellent outcome on Indonesian democratization. The findings affirm that the emerging democracy has encouraged effective practices and challenge public information, the previous model that government institutions provided. Results show different outcomes on two-way communication when male or female manages the model. On the managerial level, the female practitioners have proper competence implement the model at a higher level than males. Since gender issue in government public relations practices has been little investigated, this study recommends the Indonesian governments to provide more opportunities for female practitioners as part of the top management in public relations divisions. The government needs to change its mind-set that gender issue takes into account not only representativeness but also their competence., Democracy; Gender competency; Government public relations; Management level; Two-way communication.

Effective communication is very important for learning process in the class. Effective communication from teacher to parent especially has important role to reach learning achievement for children with special needs ’s classes. The key of well delivered communication is when communicator and communicant have the same message in a same perception thus will have a same understanding without meaning decreasion. Information could be delivered precisely and accurately if teacher and parent have a same understanding of the message. Communication system is necessary in children with special needs school system as the main tool of academic achievement evolvement, psychological achievement, and for student physical and mental development. Two way communication between teacher and parent become the main role of quality of children with special needs family. Communication from parent could help teacher have better knowledge about student that would help teacher to plan their class in the best method they could teach to be effective learning for each student. for children with special needs class could not only involve teacher and school system but also a good network system from parent and institutions from outside class that has impact in the children with special needs physical and mental development. It is necessary to have a certain system to connect every role in children with special needs environment to record their development through communication network system involving school, family, health institution and community as communication ’s instrument support so the learning achievement would be optimally performed

Sign Language is the most expressive form of communication for speech and hearing impaired people to communicate with normal person but a normal person cannot understand sign language. So in order to break this barrier of communication there needs to be a system that can enable conversion of sign language to voice or text and voice or text to sign language and do it in real time. The systems that currently exist are not real time, do not facilitate two-way communication, require static surrounding conditions or have low recognition accuracy. There exist systems that have good accuracy but require external hardware like gloves [3] which increases the cost. Our contribution to solving this problem consists of a Sign Language Communication System. It is a real-time communications system built using the advancements in Image Processing, Deep Learning and Computer Vision that provides real-time sign language to text and text to sign language conversion. The project is software-based which can be installed on any computer with good specifications. It is also a two-way communication system allowing not just speech and hearing impaired to communicate with normal people but also other way around. The primary goal of our system is to enable hearing and speech impaired people to communicate with people that are not disabled in real time by interpreting alphabets, numbers and words in the Indian sign language. The system is able to predict 17600 test images in 14 seconds with an average prediction time of 0.000805 seconds with an accuracy of 99%.

In this paper, we analyze the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of a two-way cooperative communication network aided by an energy harvesting untrusted half-duplex amplify and forward relay which conveys information between two legitimate users. The whole communication completes in two time slots. The relay receives signal from both users simultaneously in the first time slot meanwhile it harvests energy based on power splitting ratio scheme. In the second time slot, the relay amplifies and forwards the signal to both users as well as it eavesdrops the message. The relay works as an eavesdropper where signal from one user acts as a jamming signal for the signal of other user. An analytical expression of SOP involving a numerical integration has been derived in single integration form. We verify our analytical results with the simulated results.

Hearing and Speech Impaired (HSI) community is often disadvantaged due to their difficulties in communicating with the rest of the World. Although Sign languages have been used as a means to convey their message, problems still exist as there are not many people familiar with this type of languages. Besides, the number of available translators is insufficient to resolve the issue. This has motivated various research described in this paper. In general, we can divide the main contribution in solving the communication problem of the HSI community into two types, the first involves the development of automatic SL translators which allow the non-HSI communities to understand the messages conveyed by the HSI people, and the second relates to the development of SL synthesizers which allow the non-HSI community to pass their messages to HSI people. Thus, when both systems are integrated, two way communication can be established. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on the work in SL synthesizer development. SL synthesizer is a tool that synthesizes or constructs series of signs of a particular SL based on the speech input given to the system. The process involves adjusting speech input that can fit the sign language grammatical rule in order to provide an understandable output to the HSI people. Some algorithms, such as Natural Language Processing, are explored. In this paper, the details of each methods have been identified and discussed. In conclusion, we found that the Natural Language Processing (NLP) has provided relatively more efficient process and better results.