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1. Modulation of caseinate-stabilized model oil-in-water emulsions with soy lecithin

Author

Charmaine K.W. Koo, David Julian McClements, Alexander A. Sher, Cheryl Chung, Jun-Tse R. Fu, and Philippe Rousset

Subjects
SOY LECITHIN, food.ingredient, Food Handling, Chemistry, Sodium Caseinate, Caseins, Coffee, Lecithin, Oil in water, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Models, Chemical, Emulsifying Agents, Lecithins, Emulsion, Emulsions, Food science, Medium-chain triglyceride, Particle Size, Food Science
Abstract

Demands for plant-based food and beverage products have escalated in recent years. However, many commercial coffee creamers are still being made using dairy derivatives such as sodium caseinate. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the replacement of dairy based proteins with plant-based alternatives. This study was carried out to systematically investigate the properties of model O/W emulsions stabilized by either sodium caseinate (0.25 to 1.5%) or soy lecithin (0.5 to 1.5%). The model emulsions were made of 10% medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil-in-water emulsions at pH 7. All model O/W emulsions exhibited whitish appearances similar to that of commercial creamers and were effective at lightening black coffee, except those containing the lowest emulsifier concentrations i.e., 0.25% caseinate or 0.5% lecithin. The lightness of the model emulsions depended on the type and level of emulsifier used, with soy lecithin-stabilized emulsions having similar lightening power compare to that stabilized by sodium caseinate. No feathering or free oil were observed in the whitened coffees at the highest emulsifier level used. Mixtures of caseinate and lecithin emulsifiers were also used and model O/W emulsions with similar physical properties to that stabilized by sodium caseinate alone were produced. The mixed emulsifier-stabilized model emulsions had similar lightness when added to coffee than those stabilized by the individual emulsifiers, suggesting similar stabilization mechanisms using these emulsifiers alone or in combination.

Published
2019

2. Analysis of mitochondrial genome methylation using Nanopore single-molecule sequencing

Author

Susen Schaake, Lasse Sinkkonen, Tse R, Sandro L. Pereira, Lass J, Christine Klein, Lueth T, Joanne Trinh, and Gruenewald A

Subjects
Bisulfite, Nanopore, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mitochondrial DNA, chemistry, CpG site, DNA methylation, Computational biology, Methylation, Nanopore sequencing, Biology, DNA
Abstract

The level and the biological significance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in human cells is a controversial topic. Using long-read third-generation sequencing technology, mtDNA methylation can be detected directly from the sequencing data, which overcomes previously suggested biases, introduced by bisulfite treatment-dependent methods. We investigated mtDNA from whole blood-derived DNA and established a workflow to detect CpG methylation with Nanopolish. In order to obtain native mtDNA, we adjusted a whole-genome sequencing protocol and performed ligation library preparation and Nanopore sequencing. To validate the workflow, 897bp of methylated and unmethylated synthetic DNA samples at different dilution ratios were sequenced and CpG methylation was detected. Interestingly, we observed that reads with higher methylation in the synthetic DNA did not pass Guppy calling, possibly affecting conclusions about DNA methylation in Nanopore sequencing. We detected in all blood-derived samples overall low-level methylation across the mitochondrial genome, with exceptions at certain CpG sites. Our results suggest that Nanopore sequencing is capable of detecting low-level mtDNA methylation. However, further refinement of the bioinformatical pipelines including Guppy failed reads are recommended.

Published
2021

5. Machine learning-driven credit risk: a systemic review

Author

Si Shi, Rita Tse, Wuman Luo, Stefano D’Addona, Giovanni Pau, Shi S., Tse R., Luo W., D'Addona S., Pau G., Shi, S., Tse, R., Luo, W., D'Addona, S., and Pau, G.

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning, Credit risk, Statistical learning, Software
Abstract

Credit risk assessment is at the core of modern economies. Traditionally, it is measured by statistical methods and manual auditing. Recent advances in financial artificial intelligence stemmed from a new wave of machine learning (ML)-driven credit risk models that gained tremendous attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, we systematically review a series of major research contributions (76 papers) over the past eight years using statistical, machine learning and deep learning techniques to address the problems of credit risk. Specifically, we propose a novel classification methodology for ML-driven credit risk algorithms and their performance ranking using public datasets. We further discuss the challenges including data imbalance, dataset inconsistency, model transparency, and inadequate utilization of deep learning models. The results of our review show that: 1) most deep learning models outperform classic machine learning and statistical algorithms in credit risk estimation, and 2) ensemble methods provide higher accuracy compared with single models. Finally, we present summary tables in terms of datasets and proposed models.

Published
2022

6. Who gets injured at home? Evidence from older people in France

Author

Liliane Bonnal, Greivis Buitrago Gámez, Pascal Favard, Cornel Oros, Centre de recherche sur l'intégration économique et financière (CRIEF), Université de Poitiers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de recherche juridique interdisciplinaire (IRJI), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] (LEO), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods, Health problems, Economics and Econometrics, Home and leisure injuries, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions, Olderpeople, Logit models, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I0 - General, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

International audience; The study analyses unintentional home and leisure injuries (HLIs) for the French senior population using data from the 2012 wave of the French health, health care and insurance survey. The results of our logit models reveal that health status, age, and risky attitudes are the main characteristics associated with HLIs for older people. When the severity of injuries is taken into consideration, the highest exposure to HLIs concerns the oldest seniors, aged 85 years old or older, with deteriorated health. This result is confirmed in the case of severe indoor HLIs, whereas for severe outdoor injuries, the most vulnerable individuals seem to be younger seniors, that is, 75–79 years old. Moreover, our findings suggest that HLIs, and mainly severe home HLIs, generate a short-term influence on a person's health.

Published
2022

7. On a Markov construction of couplings

Author

Diaconis, Persi, Miclo, Laurent, Department of Mathematics [Stanford], Stanford University, Department of Statistics [Stanford], Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AFOSR-22IOE016, and NSF grant 1954042

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Coupling, Markov approach, Uniform random permutation, Number of fixed point(s), MSC2020: primary: 60J10, secondary: 05A05, 60E15, 60J22, 60J80, 37A25, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Mathematics, Poisson approximation, Intertwining, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

For $N\in\mathbb{N}$, let $\pi_N$ be the law of the number of fixed points of a random permutation of $\{1, 2, ..., N\}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a Poisson law of parameter 1.A classical result shows that $\pi_N$ converges to $\mathcal{P}$ for large $N$ and indeed in total variation $$\left\Vert \pi_N-\mathcal{P}\right\Vert_{\mathrm{tv}} \leq \frac{2^N}{(N+1)!}$$ This implies that $\pi_N$ and $\mathcal{P}$ can be coupled to at least this accuracy. This paper constructs such a coupling (a long open problem) using the machinery of intertwining of two Markov chains. This method shows promise for related problems of random matrix theory.

Published
2023
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8. Long term dynamics of the subgradient method for Lipschitz path differentiable functions

Author

Bolte, Jerome, Pauwels, Edouard, Rios-Zertuche, Rodolfo, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Méthodes et Algorithmes en Commande (LAAS-MAC), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), ANR-19-CE23-0017,MaSDOL,Mathématiques de l'optimisation déterministe et stochastique liées à l'apprentissage profond(2019), and ANR-11-LABX-0040,CIMI,Centre International de Mathématiques et d'Informatique (de Toulouse)(2011)

Subjects
I.2.6, G.1.6, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 65K10 (Primary), 37A50, 37B35, 62M45 (Secondary)
Abstract

We consider the long-term dynamics of the vanishing stepsize subgradient method in the case when the objective function is neither smooth nor convex. We assume that this function is locally Lipschitz and path differentiable, i.e., admits a chain rule. Our study departs from other works in the sense that we focus on the behavoir of the oscillations, and to do this we use closed measures. We recover known convergence results, establish new ones, and show a local principle of oscillation compensation for the velocities. Roughly speaking, the time average of gradients around one limit point vanishes. This allows us to further analyze the structure of oscillations, and establish their perpendicularity to the general drift., Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022

9. Economic analysis of choices among differing measures to manage coastal erosion in Hoi An (a UNESCO World Heritage Site)

Author

Tuan Nguyen, Thi Lan Anh Nguyen, Manh-Hung Nguyen, Viet-Ngu Hoang, Michel Simioni, Arnaud Reynaud, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), HoChiMinh City National University, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Banking Academy of Vietnam, Institute of Research in Economics, Environment and Data Science (IREEDS), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Developing country, 02 engineering and technology, Coastal erosion, Residents’ valuation, Revetment, Willingness to pay, 0502 economics and business, 11. Sustainability, 021108 energy, 14. Life underwater, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Valuation (finance), Multinomial logistic regression, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Environmental resource management, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q54 - Climate • Natural Disasters and Their Management • Global Warming, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Livelihood, Geography, Discrete choice experiment, Vietnam, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects, business, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources, Tourism
Abstract

International audience; The paper presents one of the first economic analyses of residents’ choice of different coastal erosion control measures in a developing country - Vietnam. Hoi An, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was selected given the frequency of coastal erosion events which have caused increasing damages to property, tourism activities and the livelihood of local people in an iconic tourist destination. We designed a discrete choice experiment based on responses from 399 households in order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for differing coastal erosion control measures. Using the generalized multinomial logit model, empirical results yield five important findings. First, residents prefer wider, more public beaches having both trees and restaurants and are willing to accept visible structures such as groynes and stair revetment to prevent further erosion. Second, residents place a higher value on a beach that is protected by robust permanent structures. In particular, residents have the highest WTP for groynes. Third, there exists preference and scale heterogeneity across respondents which are driven by level of education, knowledge of the problem, and the stated level of choice certainty. Fourth, knowledge and experience of coastal erosion are shown to have a strong influence on the valuation residents place on the choice of protective structures. Finally, on average, a resident is willing to pay USD 1.7 per year for a coastal erosion management program that increases beach width by additional 50 meters, beach access by additional 25%, restaurants and trees on the beach and groynes as the erosion protection structure.

Published
2021

10. Few-shot learning approach with multi-scale feature fusion and attention for plant disease recognition

Author

Hong Lin, Rita Tse, Su-Kit Tang, Zhen-ping Qiang, Giovanni Pau, Lin H., Tse R., Tang S.-K., Qiang Z.-P., and Pau G.

Subjects
training strategy, meta-learning, plant disease recognition, sub-class classification, few-shot learning, Plant Science, cross-domain, multi-scale feature fusion, attention
Abstract

Image-based deep learning method for plant disease diagnosing is promising but relies on large-scale dataset. Currently, the shortage of data has become an obstacle to leverage deep learning methods. Few-shot learning can generalize to new categories with the supports of few samples, which is very helpful for those plant disease categories where only few samples are available. However, two challenging problems are existing in few-shot learning: (1) the feature extracted from few shots is very limited; (2) generalizing to new categories, especially to another domain is very tough. In response to the two issues, we propose a network based on the Meta-Baseline few-shot learning method, and combine cascaded multi-scale features and channel attention. The network takes advantage of multi-scale features to rich the feature representation, uses channel attention as a compensation module efficiently to learn more from the significant channels of the fused features. Meanwhile, we propose a group of training strategies from data configuration perspective to match various generalization requirements. Through extensive experiments, it is verified that the combination of multi-scale feature fusion and channel attention can alleviate the problem of limited features caused by few shots. To imitate different generalization scenarios, we set different data settings and suggest the optimal training strategies for intra-domain case and cross-domain case, respectively. The effects of important factors in few-shot learning paradigm are analyzed. With the optimal configuration, the accuracy of 1-shot task and 5-shot task achieve at 61.24% and 77.43% respectively in the task targeting to single-plant, and achieve at 82.52% and 92.83% in the task targeting to multi-plants. Our results outperform the existing related works. It demonstrates that the few-shot learning is a feasible potential solution for plant disease recognition in the future application.

Published
2022

11. Introduction to the thematic issue on government‐provided services

Author

Rabah Amir, Rim Lahmandi-Ayed, Helmuth Cremer, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Institut d'Etudes Avancées [AMU] (IMéRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Modélisation et Analyse Statistique et Economique (UR MASE), Ecole Supérieure de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information (ESSAIT), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Government, Thematic map, Sociology and Political Science, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ACL-2, Economics, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Public administration, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Finance
Abstract

International audience; Introduction to the thematic issue on government‐provided services

Published
2020

12. Uncertainty, Learning, and Technology Adoption in Agriculture

Author

Céline Nauges, Jean-Paul Chavas, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Development, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes, Adoption, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q16 - R&D • Agricultural Technology • Biofuels • Agricultural Extension Services, 0502 economics and business, Agricultural technology, Learning, 050207 economics, Productivity, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Public economics, Agricultural machinery, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Uncertainty, Innovation process, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis • Prices, Food sector, Agriculture, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, Welfare
Abstract

National audience; Adoption of agricultural innovations has been an important factor affecting the welfare of farmers, the productivity of agriculture and the economics of the food sector. This paper reviews the literature on technology adoption in agriculture with a focus on the role of uncertainty and learning. It examines the factors affecting adoption benefits for farmers and their linkages with the innovation process. It also discusses the welfare implications of innovation and adoption for farmers and consumers.

Published
2020

13. Bayesian Inference for Parametric Growth Incidence Curves

Author

Edwin Fourrier-Nicolai, Michel Lubrano, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lhuillier, Elisabeth, Aix-Marseille School of Economics - - AMSE (EUR)2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0020 - EURE - VALID, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, and Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay

Subjects
JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty/I.I3.I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being, Bayesian inference, Monte Carlo method, 1. No poverty, Estimator, Lorenz curves, Quantile function, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Mixture model, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General/C.C1.C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D3 - Distribution/D.D3.D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions, Inequality, Distributional changes, Parametric model, Growth incidence curve, Applied mathematics, Mixtures of log-normals, Lorenz curve, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 10. No inequality, Mathematics, Parametric statistics
Abstract

International audience; The growth incidence curve of Ravallion and Chen (2003) is based on the quantile function. Its distribution-free estimator behaves erratically with usual sample sizes leading to problems in the tails. The authors propose a series of parametric models in a Bayesian framework. A first solution consists in modeling the underlying income distribution using simple densities for which the quantile function has a closed analytical form. This solution is extended by considering a mixture model for the underlying income distribution. However, in this case, the quantile function is semi-explicit and has to be evaluated numerically. The last solution consists in adjusting directly a functional form for the Lorenz curve and deriving its first-order derivative to find the corresponding quantile function. The authors compare these models by Monte Carlo simulations and using UK data from the Family Expenditure Survey. The authors devote a particular attention to the analysis of subgroups.

Published
2021

14. Li-Ion Batteries State-of-Charge Estimation Using Deep LSTM at Various Battery Specifications and Discharge Cycles

Author

Claudio Rossi, Rita Tse, Kei Long Wong, Giovanni Pau, Carlo Falcomer, Michael Bosello, Wong K.L., Bosello M., Tse R., Falcomer C., Rossi C., and Pau G.

Subjects
Battery (electricity), business.industry, Computer science, Fossil fuel, Recurrent neural network, Lithium-ion battery, Automotive engineering, Variety (cybernetics), State of charge, Electric devices, State of charge estimation, Hardware_GENERAL, Long short-term memory, Key (cryptography), European commission, business
Abstract

Lithium-ion battery technologies play a key role in transforming the economy reducing its dependency on fossil fuels. Transportation, manufacturing, and services are being electrified. The European Commission predicts that in Europe everything that can be electrified will be electrified within a decade. The ability to accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is crucial to ensure the safety of the operation of battery-powered electric devices and to guide users taking behaviors that can extend battery life and re-usability. In this paper, we investigate how machine learning models can predict the SOC of cylindrical Li-Ion batteries considering a variety of cells under different charge-discharge cycles.

Published
2021

15. Modelling and Visualizing People Flow in Smart Buildings

Author

Silvia Mirri, Paola Salomoni, Giovanni Pau, Rita Tse, Su-Kit Tang, Tse R., Mirri S., Tang S.-K., Pau G., and Salomoni P.

Subjects
Architectural engineering, People Flow Modelling, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Exploit, business.industry, Computer science, Data Visualization, Human-Centered Design, Limiting, University campus, Data visualization, Smart Campus, Internet of Thing, business, Internet of Things, User-centered design, Building automation
Abstract

The tremendous CoVid-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the lives of people anywhere in the world. Several approaches have been presented with the aim of helping in limiting and mitigating the effect of CoVid-19 infections. This paper proposes a system that exploits Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Visualization to monitor the flow of people in buildings, with the aim of providing policymakers with a tool that visualize and highlight critical issues. The case study considered is a Smart University Campus located in Cesena, belonging to the University of Bologna.

Published
2021

16. ReSPEcT: privacy respecting thermal-based specific person recognition

Author

Ngai Seng Chan, Giovanni Pau, Su-Kit Tang, Rita Tse, Ka Ian Chan, Jiang, Xudong, Chan N.S., Chan K.I., Tse R., Tang S.-K., and Pau G.

Subjects
Machine Learning, Thermal Video Analytic, Human–computer interaction, Computer science, Ethical AI, Person recognition, Privacy Preserving Computing
Abstract

Video analytic techniques have been used to extract high level information from video streams. The technique leverages advances on machine learning to summarize complex image data into simple alert-signal to attract the attention of human operators. For example, in a station for the underground video analytic can help the operator to focus on an event from a specific camera rather than leaving this only to the human eye. A concern of such techniques is privacy as they expose people identity and enable profiling of personal habits and orientations. This work introduces ReSPEcT (Privacy Respecting theRmal basEd Specific Person rECogniTion), a privacy preserving video analytic system based on thermal video streams. ReSPEcT is able to identify a specific-human in thermal video streams from low-cost, low resolution cameras. The system leverages recent advances in machine learning (CNNs) and a plethora of pre-processing mechanisms, such as image automatic labeling, image segmentation, and image augmentation to reduce the stream background noise, improve resilience, strengthen human-body classification, and finally enable a specific human-target identification. ReSPEcT’s automatic labeling tool significantly reduces time thus automatically performing labeling using a model that can be retrained by an interactive web application. The experimental evaluation shows that overall ReSPEcT achieve 96.83% accuracy in identifying a specific person. Furthermore, is important to notice that while ReSPEcT can identify a specific human, the tool is not aware of the real-identity as it operates only on thermal images. ReSPEcT paves the way to use video analytic in a variety of privacy-protected scenarios, such as confidential meetings, sensitive spaces, or even public toilets.

Published
2021

17. Cytometry inference through adaptive atomic deconvolution

Author

Pauline Gonnord, Laurent Risser, Manon Costa, Sébastien Gadat, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Inverse problems, Statistics and Probability, Atomic deconvolution, Inverse problems MSC2010: Primary: 62G07 Secondary: 62G20, Inference, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0502 economics and business, FOS: Mathematics, 0101 mathematics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Reliability (statistics), 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, Biological data, 05 social sciences, Inverse problem, Mixture model, 62P10, Adaptive kernel estimators, Deconvolution, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Mixture models, Algorithm, Cytometry
Abstract

In this paper we consider a statistical estimation problem known as atomic deconvolution. Introduced in reliability, this model has a direct application when considering biological data produced by flow cytometers. In these experiments, biologists measure the fluorescence emission of treated cells and compare them with their natural emission to study the presence of specific molecules on the cells' surface. They observe a signal which is composed of a noise (the natural fluorescence) plus some additional signal related to the quantity of molecule present on the surface if any. From a statistical point of view, we aim at inferring the percentage of cells expressing the selected molecule and the probability distribution function associated with its fluorescence emission. We propose here an adap-tive estimation procedure based on a previous deconvolution procedure introduced by [vEGS08, GvES11]. For both estimating the mixing parameter and the mixing density automatically, we use the Lepskii method based on the optimal choice of a bandwidth using a bias-variance decomposition. We then derive some concentration inequalities for our estimators and obtain the convergence rates, that are shown to be minimax optimal (up to some log terms) in Sobolev classes. Finally, we apply our algorithm on simulated and real biological data.

Published
2019

18. Second-order step-size tuning of SGD for non-convex optimization

Author

Camille Castera, Jérôme Bolte, Cédric Févotte, Edouard Pauwels, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), European Research Council (ERC FACTORY-CoG-6681839)Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR 3IA-ANITI)Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-18-1-0226), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), European Project: 681839,H2020,ERC-2015-CoG,FACTORY(2016), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-11-LABX-0040,CIMI,Centre International de Mathématiques et d'Informatique (de Toulouse)(2011), and ANR-19-CE23-0017,MaSDOL,Mathématiques de l'optimisation déterministe et stochastique liées à l'apprentissage profond(2019)

Subjects
Adaptive methods, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 021103 operations research, Computer Networks and Communications, General Neuroscience, Stochastic optimization, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Deep learning, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Mini-batch algorithms, 01 natural sciences, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Non-convex optimization, Artificial Intelligence, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], 0101 mathematics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Software
Abstract

In view of a direct and simple improvement of vanilla SGD, this paper presents a fine-tuning of its step-sizes in the mini-batch case. For doing so, one estimates curvature, based on a local quadratic model and using only noisy gradient approximations. One obtains a new stochastic first-order method (Step-Tuned SGD), enhanced by second-order information, which can be seen as a stochastic version of the classical Barzilai-Borwein method. Our theoretical results ensure almost sure convergence to the critical set and we provide convergence rates. Experiments on deep residual network training illustrate the favorable properties of our approach. For such networks we observe, during training, both a sudden drop of the loss and an improvement of test accuracy at medium stages, yielding better results than SGD, RMSprop, or ADAM., Comment: To appear in Neural Processing Letters (accepted Nov. 2021)

Published
2021
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19. A multidimensional evaluation of the benefits of an ecologically realistic training based on pretend play for preschoolers’ cognitive control and self-regulation: From behavior to the underlying theta neuro-oscillatory activity

Author

Adam, Nicolas, Blaye, Agnès, Gulbinaite, Rasa, Chabé-Ferret, Sylvain, Farrer, Chloé, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO UMR5549), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institute advanced for advanced studies in Toulouse

Subjects
Theta oscillations, Male, Preschool children, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Play and Playthings, Self-Control, Cognition, Child, Preschool, Cognitive control, Self-regulation, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Training, Humans, Pretend play, Child, Social Behavior
Abstract

International audience; To what extent can cognitive control, self-regulation, and the underlying midfrontal theta oscillatory activity of preschool children be modified by an ecologically realistic training based on pretend play? To answer this question, 70 children aged 4-6 years (37 boys) were assigned to a training group or a control group using a pairing randomization procedure. Children were administered 20 play sessions over 10 weeks. Benefits were evaluated with a pre- post design. The intervention helped children to engage more in self-regulation within the training activities. However, the intervention did not promote self-regulation outside of the training context, nor did it influence cognitive control and theta activity. These results provide a better understanding of the limitations of an ecologically realistic approach to cognitive control training.

Published
2022

20. Building an Italian-Chinese Parallel Corpus for Machine Translation from the Web

Author

Rita Tse, Giovanni Pau, Paola Salomoni, Silvia Mirri, Su-Kit Tang, Tse R., Mirri S., Tang S.-K., Pau G., and Salomoni P.

Subjects
Machine translation, Basis (linear algebra), Computer science, sentence alignment, Automatic translation, bilingual annotation, computer.software_genre, Pipeline (software), machine translation, World Wide Web, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Selection (linguistics), Machine translation system, Italian-Chinese corpu, computer, Sentence
Abstract

In an increasingly globalized world, being able to understand texts in different languages (even more so in different alphabets and charsets) has become a necessity. This can be strategic even while moving and travelling across different countries, characterized by different languages. With this in mind, bilingual corpora become critical resources since they are the basis of every state-of-the-art automatic translation system; moreover, building a parallel corpus is usually a complex and very expensive operation. This paper describes an innovative approach we have defined and adopted to automatically build an Italian-Chinese parallel corpus, with the aim of using it for training an Italian-Chinese Neural Machine Translation. Our main idea is to scrape parallel texts from the Web: we defined a general pipeline, describing each specific step from the selection of the appropriate data sources to the sentence alignment method. A final evaluation was conducted to evaluate the goodness of our approach and its results show that 90% of the sentences were correctly aligned. The corpus we have obtained consists of more than 6,000 sentence pairs (Italian and Chinese), which are the basis for building a Machine Translation system.

Published
2020

21. Anomaly detection for aircraft electrical generator using machine learning in a functional data framework

Author

Xavier Gendre, Feriel Boulfani, Martina Salvignol, Anne Ruiz-Gazen, AIRBUS Operations SAS, Toulouse, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Imagination, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, failure detection, 0211 other engineering and technologies, generator oil tempera- ture prediction, Electric generator, Value (computer science), ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, 02 engineering and technology, [MATH.MATH-FA]Mathematics [math]/Functional Analysis [math.FA], Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 050105 experimental psychology, law.invention, health monitoring, law, digital twin, Maintenance actions, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, media_common, 021103 operations research, Generator (computer programming), Artificial neural network, business.industry, Anomaly (natural sciences), 05 social sciences, machine learning, Anomaly detection, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract

International audience; To reduce the number of aircrafts on ground, the electrical design engineers are interested in predicting the oil temperature of the generator during a flight. Changes on the temperature value may indicate an incorrect functioning of the generator. An abnormal behavior can be identified by using machine learning algorithms trained on flights free from any anomalies to predict the generator oil temperature. These predictions can then be compared to the observed values, here the sensor data collected from the aircraft during flight. If the observed value is far from the predicted value, a failure warning is raised and a maintenance action shall be performed. In this paper, we build a digital twin of the electrical generator which predicts the oil generator temperature at a given time thanks to the history of features. We compare several machine learning algorithms and the most promising appears to be a neural network which was implemented as part of the electrical generator digital twin. The digital twin is tested by using real flight data containing generator failures and it is verified that the algorithm is able to detect an anomaly prior to the failure events (early failure detection).

Published
2020

22. DeepClass: edge based class occupancy detection aided by deep learning and image cropping

Author

Giovanni Pau, Marcus Im, Lorenzo Monti, Rita Tse, Paola Salomoni, Silvia Mirri, Fujita, Hiroshi, Tse R., Monti L., Im M., Mirri S., Pau G., and Salomoni P.

Subjects
Smart objects, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Smart environment, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, ambient intelligence, Image processing, Human–computer interaction, 0103 physical sciences, HVAC, Internet of thing, Quality (business), Set (psychology), Building automation, media_common, Smart sensing, Ambient intelligence, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, business, Image objects recognition
Abstract

Detecting people's presence, monitoring their flows, and their activities, counting how many persons are in a specific place can be strategic goals in different contexts, providing useful insights for different purposes, including those ones related to the management of staying quality in indoor environments. In particular, having information about the actual and current occupancy of a specific room, in specific hours, could be strategic in providing interesting and helpful information for smart building management. In fact, this information could be needed to adequately set the Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), the alarm, the lighting systems, and other management issues also. In this context, the Internet of Things paradigm, together with the diffusion of the availability of sensors and smart objects, can provide significant support in monitoring and detecting daily life activities in various situations. Moreover, advancements and specific analysis in image processing can play a strategic role in guaranteeing and improving accuracy, whenever cameras are involved in these situations, to get pictures from the monitored environments. In this paper, we present a people counting approach we have defined and adopted to monitor persons' presence in smart campus classrooms, which is based on the use of cameras and Raspberry Pi platforms. Such an approach has been improved thanks to specific image processing strategies, to be generalized and adopted in different indoor environments, without the need for a specific training phase. The paper presents some evaluation tests we have conducted, showing the accuracy of our approach.

Published
2020

23. Regret analysis of the Piyavskii-Shubert algorithm for global Lipschitz optimization

Author

Bouttier, Clément, Cesari, Tommaso, Ducoffe, Mélanie, Gerchinovitz, Sébastien, AURA AERO, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IRT Saint Exupéry - Institut de Recherche Technologique, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deel, European Network for Game Theory (GAMENET), PNRIA, ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), ANR-19-CE23-0026,BOLD,Au delà de l'apprentissage séquentiel pour de meilleures prises de décisions(2019), Airbus Group, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy (UNIMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Network for Game Theory (GAMENET), Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (ANITI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-PI3A-0004,ANITI,'Investing for the Future – PIA3'

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Bandit optimization, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Non-convex, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Statistics - Machine Learning, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, Global optimization, Lipschitz, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Sequential optimization, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

We consider the problem of maximizing a non-concave Lipschitz multivariate function over a compact domain by sequentially querying its (possibly perturbed) values. We study a natural algorithm designed originally by Piyavskii and Shubert in 1972, for which we prove new bounds on the number of evaluations of the function needed to reach or certify a given optimization accuracy. Our analysis uses a bandit-optimization viewpoint and solves an open problem from Hansen et al.\ (1991) by bounding the number of evaluations to certify a given accuracy with a near-optimal sum of packing numbers.

Published
2020
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24. Relaxing monotonicity in endogenous selection models and application to surveys

Author

Gautier, Eric, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), European Project: 337665,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,POEMH(2014), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Inverse problems, Statistics::Applications, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Missing data imputation, FOS: Mathematics, Statistics::Methodology, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, 62D10, 62G08, Statistics Theory (math.ST), Random coefficients, Selection models
Abstract

This paper considers endogenous selection models, in particular nonparametric ones. Estimating the law of unselected (or censored or unobserved) outcomes or the unconditional one is feasible when one uses instrumental variables. Using a selection equation which is additively separable in a one dimensional unobservable has the sometimes undesirable property of instrument monotonicity. We present models and nonparametric identification results allowing for non instrument monotonicity and which are based on nonparametric random coefficients indices. We apply these results to inference on nonlinear statistics such as the Gini index in surveys when the nonresponse is not missing at random.

Published
2020
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25. Elevation-related difference in serial reversal learning ability in a nonscatter hoarding passerine

Author

Alexis S. Chaine, Julie Morand-Ferron, E. Hermer, Maxime Cauchoix, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, fungi, 05 social sciences, Foraging, Significant difference, technology, industry, and agriculture, Hoarding, Cognition, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Passerine, Task (project management), Elevation (emotion), learning ability, Harshness, biology.animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, hoarding passerine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Environments characterized by scarce and variable food supply, termed “harsh environments,” have been hypothesized to favor cognitive abilities that aid an animal in finding food, remembering where it is located, or predicting its availability. Most studies of the “harsh environment” hypothesis have found that scatter hoarders from harsher environments have better spatial memory abilities, but few studies have looked at this hypothesis in nonscatter hoarders. Here, we present the first comparison of performance on a serial reversal learning task in a nonscatter hoarder from 2 elevations that differ in harshness. Serial reversal learning tasks measure a suite of cognitive abilities that are believed to allow an animal to adjust its foraging behavior to match changes in the availability of food over time. Therefore, performance on this task is predicted to increase with elevation. There was no significant difference between the high and low elevation great tits in initial reversal learning accuracy. While both high and low elevation birds were able to improve their reversal learning accuracy, they did not differ in their rate of improvement over reversals. However, we found that lower elevation birds had higher accuracy across all reversals. Contrary to the “harsh environment” hypothesis, our findings suggest that birds from the less harsh environment at low elevation performed more accurately on the reversal learning task. Overall, our results suggest that the study of the relationship between harshness and cognition in nonhoarders would benefit from taking into account other environmental factors, and trade-offs with other cognitive abilities.

Published
2018

26. A Context-based Procedure for Assessing Participatory Schemes in Environmental Planning

Author

Guy-El-Karim Berthomé, Alban Thomas, Mutations des activités, des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux ( METAFORT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech-ENITA Clermont-CEMAGREF-UR MECF, Toulouse School of Economics ( TSE ), Toulouse School of Economics, Mutations des activités, des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (METAFORT), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-ENITA Clermont-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Territoires (Territoires), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Stakeholder, Assessing Participatory, 021107 urban & regional planning, Qualitative property, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 02 engineering and technology, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 0506 political science, Bargaining power, Participatory GIS, Cheap talk, Public participation, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, Signaling game, Performance indicator, Environmental planning, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; The efficiency of participatory schemes in environmental planning is an emerging research area, and many issues are not solved yet regarding the assessment of such procedures. It is essential for decision makers to identify improvement opportunities of participatory schemes. We propose an original procedure to address such issue, through a bargaining model from the signaling game literature, which accounts for participation design as well as for agents' preferences, beliefs and bargaining power. The model is calibrated using qualitative data from surveys in French local communities involved in municipal solid waste management. Model simulations are used to test for assumptions on the stakeholder dialogue and explore sensitivity of game outcomes to structural parameters. We propose a set of performance indicators to identify the most effective participatory schemes in achieving convergence in stakeholder positions regarding environmental and land-use planning.

Published
2017

27. Variability in Dispersal Syndromes Is a Key Driver of Metapopulation Dynamics in Experimental Microcosms

Author

Michèle Huet, Jean Clobert, Staffan Jacob, Alexis S. Chaine, Delphine Legrand, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Ecology (disciplines), Population, Population Dynamics, Metapopulation, Biology, eco-evolutionary dynamics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Intraspecific competition, Tetrahymena thermophila, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, education, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, education.field_of_study, Ecology, spatially structured populations, genetic diversity, dispersal syndrome, 010601 ecology, environmental changes, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microcosm
Abstract

International audience; Evolutionary ecology studies have increasingly focused on the impact of intraspecific variability on population processes. However, the role such variation plays in the dynamics of spatially structured populations and how it interacts with environmental changes remains unclear. Here we experimentally quantify the relative importance of intraspecific variability in dispersal-related traits and spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions for the dynamics of two-patch metapopulations using clonal genotypes of a ciliate in connected microcosms. We demonstrate that in our simple two-patch microcosms, differences among genotypes are at least as important as spatiotemporal variability of resources for metapopulation dynamics. Furthermore, we show that an important proportion of this effect results from variability of dispersal syndromes. These syndromes can therefore be as important for metapopulation dynamics as spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions. This study demonstrates that intraspecific variability in dispersal syndromes can be key in the functioning of metapopulations facing environmental changes.

Published
2019

28. Environmental Effects on Parental Care Visitation Patterns in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus

Author

Alexis S. Chaine, Alice C. Thiney, Aisha C. Bründl, Andrew F. Russell, Léa A. Lejeune, James L. Savage, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Cork] (BEES), University College Cork (UCC), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Exeter, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017)

Subjects
Environmental variation, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Evolution, parental care, Woodland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, alternation, Sexual conflict, 03 medical and health sciences, Bi-paternal system, Cyanistes caeruleus, feeding behaviour, environmental variation, Nest, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, biology, Cyanistes, Fledge, synchrony, bi-parental system, biology.organism_classification, Fecundity, Alternation, Paternal care, Synchrony, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat, sexual conflict, Feeding behaviour, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Ecology, Demography
Abstract

In bi-parental systems each parent shares benefits with its unrelated partner from the common investment in offspring, but pays an individual cost of providing that care in terms of reduced survival or fecundity, leading to sexual conflict. However, several recent empirical studies have shown that coordinating behaviours like synchronisation (e.g. arriving at similar times) and alternation (taking turns in providing care) at the nest lead to increased investment overall, presumably to reduce conflict through policing or synergistic benefits. Ecological conditions should impact the costs and benefits of bi-parental care, yet there exists a gap in research on the relationship between ecological conditions and patterns of parental care behaviour beyond visitation rate. Here we provide an examination of how bi-parental provisioning behaviours, i.e. pair feeding rate and feeding consistency, and the degree to which parents synchronise or take turns, differ under contrasting ecological conditions in populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) spanning a 1000m altitudinal gradient. We found that blue tits pairs synchronised and alternated more than expected by chance, and that care patterns were modified by ecology. Pairs synchronised more in woodland-pasture edges than in woodland interiors, and alternated more and fed more frequently at low altitude compared to higher altitude nests. Variation in bi-parental coordination behaviours did not have a significant impact on fledging success but more synchronous nests had heavier chicks in woodland habitats. Taken as a whole, our results show that patterns of care are influenced by ecological conditions and that their interplay may change the outcome of sexual conflict.

Published
2019

29. Fashion popularity analysis based on online social network via deep learning

Author

Gustavo Marfia, Rita Tse, Giovanni Pau, Jiachen Zhong, Jiang, Xudong, Zhong J., Tse R., Marfia G., and Pau G.

Subjects
Social network, Communication design, Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, Deep learning, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Perceptron, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Popularity, Convolutional neural network, Data modeling, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Artificial intelligence, 0210 nano-technology, business, computer, Fashion
Abstract

In this paper, we provide an idea about how to utilize the deep neural network with large scale social network data to judge the quality of fashion images. Specifically, our aim is to build a deep neural network based model which is able to predict the popularity of fashion-related images. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) are the two major tools to construct the model architecture, in which the CNN is responsible for analyzing images and the MLP is responsible for analyzing other types of social network meta data. Based on this general idea, various tentative model structures are proposed, implemented, and compared in this research. To perform experiments, we constructed a fashion-related dataset which contains over 1 million records from the online social network. Though no real word prediction task has been tried yet, according to the result of dataset-based tests, our models demonstrate good abilities on predicting the popularity of fashion from the online social network using the Xception CNN. However, we also find a very interesting phenomenon, which intuitively indicates there may be limited correlation between popularity and visual design of a fashion due to the power and influence of the online social network.

Published
2019

30. Sequential legislative lobbying

Author

Peter Sudhölter, Vera Zaporozhets, Michel Le Breton, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Subgame perfect equilibrium, Microeconomics, symbols.namesake, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, jel:C71, Non-cooperative game, jel:C72, 05 social sciences, jel:D72, Legislature, Bidding, Cooperative game theory, 16. Peace & justice, 0506 political science, Nash equilibrium, Lobbying, cooperative games, noncooperative games, symbols, International political economy, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Public finance
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we analyze the equilibrium of a sequential game-theoretical model of lobbying, due to Groseclose and Snyder (Am Polit Sci Rev 90:303–315, 1996), describing a legislature that vote over two alternatives, where two opposing lobbies compete by bidding for legislators’ votes. In this model, the lobbyist moving first suffers from a second mover advantage and will make an offer to a panel of legislators only if it deters any credible counter-reaction from his opponent, i.e., if he anticipates to win the battle. This paper departs from the existing literature in assuming that legislators care about the consequence of their votes rather than their votes per se. Our main focus is on the calculation of the smallest budget that the lobby moving first needs to win the game and on the distribution of this budget across the legislators. We study the impact of the key parameters of the game on these two variables and show the connection of this problem with the combinatorics of sets and notions from cooperative game theory.

Published
2012

31. RÉGULATION ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : UNE ANALYSE THÉORIQUE À PARTIR DE L’ENFORCEMENT ET LA SÉPARATION DES POUVOIRS

Author

Diakité, Daouda, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Univ, Réunion, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
ÉCONOMIE DE LA RÉGULATION, THÉORIE DU MARCHANDAGE (BARGAINING), jel:C72, jel:D82, JEUX NON COOPÉRATIFS, THÉORIE DU MARCHANDAGE (BARGAINING), ASYMÉTRIE D’INFORMATION ET INFORMATION PRIVÉE, ÉCONOMIE DE LA RÉGULATION, jel:C78, JEUX NON COOPÉRATIFS, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Revue AERES, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:L51, ASYMÉTRIE D’INFORMATION ET INFORMATION PRIVÉE
Abstract

National audience; This paper is an attempt to analyze regulation in LDCs taking into account their specificities compared to developed countries. By using a regulation model with an imperfect contract enforcement mechanism, we show how the separation of powers improves the enforcement quality and social welfare in an environment fraught with corruption.

Published
2008

32. Estimation under cross-classified sampling with application to a childhood survey

Author

Guillaume Chauvet, Anne Ruiz-Gazen, Hélène Juillard, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] ( ENSAI ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Toulouse School of Economics, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, FOS: Computer and information sciences, analysis of variance, independence, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), 01 natural sciences, Horvitz–Thompson estimator, Methodology (stat.ME), 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Minimum-variance unbiased estimator, Bias of an estimator, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics, Sampling design, 62D05, 62P25, Econometrics, FOS: Mathematics, invariance, 030212 general & internal medicine, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Horvitz-Thompson estimator, 0101 mathematics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Statistics - Methodology, Mathematics, Estimator, Sampling (statistics), Two-stage sampling, Efficiency, Efficient estimator, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Sen-yates-Grundy estimator
Abstract

The cross-classified sampling design consists in drawing samples from a two-dimension population, independently in each dimension. Such design is commonly used in consumer price index surveys and has been recently applied to draw a sample of babies in the French ELFE survey, by crossing a sample of maternity units and a sample of days. We propose to derive a general theory of estimation for this sampling design. We consider the Horvitz-Thompson estimator for a total, and show that the cross-classified design will usually result in a loss of efficiency as compared to the widespread two-stage design. We obtain the asymptotic distribution of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, and several unbiased variance estimators. Facing the problem of possibly negative values, we propose simplified non-negative variance estimators and study their bias under a super-population model. The proposed estimators are compared for totals and ratios on simulated data. An application on real data from the ELFE survey is also presented, and we make some recommendations. Supplementary materials are available online., Comment: 24 pages

Published
2015
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33. Optimal Carbon Sequestration Policies in Leaky Reservoirs

Author

Jean-Marie, Alain, Moreaux, Michel, Tidball, Mabel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
jel:Q32, jel:C61, carbon sequestration and storage, optimal control, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

We study in this report a model of optimal Carbon Capture and Storage in which the reservoir of sequestered carbon is leaky, and pollution eventually is released into the atmosphere. We formulate the social planner problem as an optimal control program and we describe the optimal consumption paths as a function of the initial conditions, the physical constants and the economical parameters. In particular, we show that the presence of leaks may lead to situations which do not occur otherwise, including that of non-monotonous price paths for the energy.

Published
2014

34. Prevention and Precaution

Author

Béatrice Rey, Nicolas Treich, Christophe Courbage, The Geneva Association, Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière (SAF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), George Dionne, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Actuarial science, Risk aversion, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Ambiguity aversion, Ambiguity, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Reduction (complexity), Political science, 0502 economics and business, Probability distribution, 050207 economics, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract

International audience; This chapter surveys the economic literature on prevention and precaution. Prevention refers as either a self-protection activity – i.e. a reduction in the probability of a loss – or a self-insurance activity – i.e. a reduction of the loss –. Precaution is defined as a prudent and temporary activity when the risk is imperfectly known. We first present results on prevention, including the effect of risk preferences, wealth and background risks. Second, we discuss how the concept of precaution is strongly linked to the effect of arrival of information over time in sequential models as well as to situations in which there is ambiguity over probability distributions.

Published
2013

35. Set identified linear models

Author

Christian Bontemps, Thierry Magnac, Eric Maurin, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences Sociales (Toulouse 1), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique (CREST). FRA., Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Institut d'économie industrielle (IDEI), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, Test, 05 social sciences, Linear prediction, Regular polygon, Linear model, Support function, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Moment (mathematics), Set (abstract data type), LINEAR MODELS, Set function, Bounded function, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Partial identification, 050207 economics, Convex function, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics
Abstract

We analyze the identification and estimation of parameters β satisfying the incomplete linear moment restrictions E(z T (x β−y)) = E(z T u(z)) where z is a set of instruments and u(z) an unknown bounded scalar function. We first provide empirically relevant examples of such a set-up. Second, we show that these conditions set identify β where the identified set B is bounded and convex. We provide a sharp characterization of the identified set not only when the number of moment conditions is equal to the number of parameters of interest but also in the case in which the number of conditions is strictly larger than the number of parameters. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition of the validity of supernumerary restrictions which generalizes the familiar Sargan condition. Third, we provide new results on the asymptotics of analog estimates constructed from the identification results. When B is a strictly convex set, we also construct a test of the null hypothesis, β 0 ε B, whose size is asymptotically correct and which relies on the minimization of the support function of the set B − { β 0 }. Results of some Monte Carlo experiments are presented.

Published
2011

36. Scale sensitivity and question order in the contingent valuation method

Author

Mikael Svensson, Henrik Andersson, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Karlstad University [Sweden], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
jel:D80, scale sensitivity, Geography, Planning and Development, faculté cognitive, enquête, Sample (statistics), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Willingness to pay, cognitive ability, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Sensitivity (control systems), 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, contingent valuation, mortality risk, order effect, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Contingent valuation, suède, 05 social sciences, Cognition, jel:I10, évaluation contingente, Preference, jel:Q51, Cognitive ability, contingent valuation, mortality risk, order effect, scale sensitivity, risque, Order (business), Scale (social sciences), 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Cognitive ability, Mortality risk, Order effect, Scale sensitivity, mortalité, Social psychology
Abstract

Financial support from VTI, the Centre for Transport Studies, Stockholm, and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft. The usual disclaimers apply.; International audience; This study examines the effect on respondents' willingness to pay to reduce mortality risk by the order of the questions in a stated preference study. Using answers from an experiment conducted on a Swedish sample where respondents' cognitive ability was measured and where they participated in a contingent valuation survey, it was found that scale sensitivity is strongest when respondents are asked about a smaller risk reduction first ('bottom-up' approach). This contradicts some previous evidence in the literature. It was also found that the respondents' cognitive ability is more important for showing scale sensitivity when respondents are asked about a larger risk reduction first ('top-down' approach), also reinforcing the result that a 'bottom-up' approach is more consistent with answers in line with theoretical predictions for a larger proportion of respondents.

Published
2010

37. Politiques pro-biocarburants et climatique américaines : impact sur les choix énergétiques du Brésil et des Etats-Unis et bilan carbone

Author

Marie-Hélène Hubert, Michel Moreaux, Ujjayant Chakravorty, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alberta, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Politique pro-biocarburants, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q41 - Demand and Supply • Prices, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources, 05 social sciences, subvention aux Biocarburants, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q24 - Land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 7. Clean energy, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q48 - Government Policy, usages du sol, taxe sur le carbone, 13. Climate action, 0502 economics and business, jel:Q42, jel:Q41, Biofuels Mandatory Target, Climate Policy, Land-Use, Biofuels Subsidy, Carbon Tax, jel:Q48, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, jel:Q24, 050207 economics, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, politique climatique
Abstract

Nous analysons l’impact de deux politiques americaines sur la production et les echanges d’ethanol (biocarburants de premiere generation) et d’ethanol ligno-cellulosique (biocarburant de seconde generation) aux Etats-Unis et au Bresil ainsi que sur les emissions directes et indirectes de carbone. La premiere politique est une politique dite «pro-biocarburants» qui impose un usage minimal de biocarburants. La deuxieme est la politique climatique de reduction des emissions de gaz a effet de serre. Notre etude montre que la premiere politique encourage la production massive d’ethanol ligno-cellulosique, la diminution des emissions directes de carbone etant marginale. La deuxieme politique accroit le prix des carburants et en decourage la demande. Elle a un effet significatif sur le taux de deforestation au Bresil et augmente de ce fait les emissions indirectes de carbone. La subvention necessaire a l’implementation de la politique «pro-biocarburants» devrait etre de l’ordre 1.1 US $ par gallon. Enfin, la taxe sur le carbone dans le secteur des transports aux Etats-Unis devrait etre egale a 120 US $ par tonne equivalent carbone. JEL Codes : Q24, Q41, Q42, Q48.

Published
2009

38. Recommender system in a non-stationary context: recommending job ads in pandemic times

Author

Guillaume Bied, Solal Nathan, Elia Pérennes, Victor Alfonso Naya, Philippe Caillou, Bruno Crépon, Christophe Gaillac, Michèle Sebag, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab - Europe (J-PAL Europe), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; This paper focuses on the recommendation of job ads to job seekers, exploiting proprietary data from the French Public Employment Service (PES) and focusing more specifically on low or unskilled workers. Besides the usual challenges of data sparsity, the signal to noise ratio is high (few job seekers have diplomas), and scalability requirements are paramount.As a first contribution, a two-tiered approach is designed to handle these requirements; its empirical validation shows significant computational gains with no performance loss compared to boosted tree ensembles representative of the state of the art.A second contribution is a methodology aimed to assess the impact of the non-stationarity of the item and user distributions. Specifically, during the last three periods (before, during and after the Covid lock-downs), the numbers of job ads and job seekers dramatically vary in some industries. A normalized recall indicator is proposed to filter out the impact of variations of the number of job ads. This normalization suggests that the same score function adapts to the multi-faceted changes of the environment, resulting in different recommendations but with similar accuracy as before - at least for the job seekers finding a job.

39. Une histoire lacunaire

Author

Anne Gégout-Petit, Myriam Maumy-Bertrand, Gilbert Saporta, Christine Thomas-Agnan, Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biology, genetics and statistics (BIGS), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Sûreté des Systèmes - LM2S (LM2S), Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEDRIC. Méthodes statistiques de data-mining et apprentissage (CEDRIC - MSDMA), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Données manquantes
Abstract

International audience; Tout recueil de données conduit à des données manquantes mais la prise de conscience des problèmes soulevés n'est que très récente puisqu'elle ne date que du début du vingtième siècle. On a coutume de distinguer les non-réponses ou données totalement manquantes, des données manquantes partielles où seules certaines valeurs d'une ou plusieurs variables sont absentes. La plupart du temps les données manquantes sont subies. Il existe cependant des cas où l'absence de données peut venir d'une volonté délibérée Ce chapitre ne prétend nullement à l'exhaustivité, est-il besoin de le dire ? Il essaiera juste d'apporter quelques éclairages historiques dans un domaine bien vivant.

40. Optimal carbon sequestration policies in leaky reservoirs

Author

Alain Jean-Marie, Michel Moreaux, Mabel Tidball, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), inria, Commanditaire : Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (France), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

We study in this report a model of optimal Carbon Capture and Storage in which the reservoirof sequestered carbon is leaky, and pollution eventually is released into the atmosphere. Weformulate the social planner problem as an optimal control program and we describe the optimalconsumption paths as a function of the initial conditions, the physical constants and the economicalparameters. In particular, we show that the presence of leaks may lead to situations which do not occur otherwise, including that of non-monotonous price paths for the energy.

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