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This study will investigate the significance of parent- and child-reports on a child's externalizing symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). We plan to assess the concordance in reports of externalizing symptoms and STBs and to explore the power of parent-reported externalizing symptoms to predict child-reported STBs above and beyond parent-reported STBs themselves.

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The current study provides estimates of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among Canadian Coast Guard personnel and Canadian Conservation and Protection Officers. Participants (n = 385; 59% men) completed a self-report survey that collected past-year and lifetime estimates of suicidal ideation, planning, attempts, sociodemographic information, and symptoms related to mental health disorders. Within the sample, participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation (25.7%), planning (10.9%), and attempts (5.5%). Participants reported past-year suicidal ideation (7.5%), planning (2.1%), and the percentage of attempts was too marginal to report due to ethical considerations. Canadian Coast Guard personnel and Conservation and Protection Officers reported higher percentages of past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts than the Canadian general population, but the percentages reported are comparable to other Canadian PSP sectors. No statistically significant results were observed for the sociodemographic covariates within the past-year, whereas, statistically significant results were observed for the lifetime sociodemographic covariates of age, province of residence, and previous work experience. There were statistically significant associations between past-year suicidal ideation and positive screens for major depressive disorder (MDD) and general anxiety disorder (GAD); as well, past-year suicidal planning was associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). There were also statistically significant associations between lifetime suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts and positive screens for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), MDD, and SAD. Lifetime suicidal ideation and planning were associated with panic disorder (PD). The current estimates provide valuable information for clinicians and stakeholders involved in prevention programs, treatment, or future research. This research was funded by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Faculty yes

Rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviours are elevated among transgender and non-binary individuals. However, studies directed at understanding suicide risk among transgender and non-binary people are scarce which potentially limits the development of empirically informed suicide prevention strategies for transgender and non-binary people. Previous research has demonstrated that childhood maltreatment, gender minority stress, and non-suicidal self-injury are reliable correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviours but findings within transgender and non-binary samples are limited. The goal of this study is to test a multiple mediation model that will examine whether a hypothesized direct effect of childhood maltreatment on more frequent suicidal ideation is mediated by increased non-suicidal self-injury behaviour and more severe gender minority stress. Conducting this research will extend preliminary research showing that these variables are concurrently associated. These results have implications for integrating leading gender minority stress models with suicide theory. More broadly, improved understanding of the progression of suicidal ideation among transgender and non-binary people may inform more tailored prevention.

Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt (SA) and suicide are significantly heritable phenotypes. However, the extent to which these phenotypes share genetic architecture is unclear. This question is of great relevance to determining key risk factors for suicide, and to alleviate the societal burden of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). To help address the question of heterogeneity, consortia efforts have recently shifted from a focus on suicide within the context of major psychopathology (e.g. major depressive disorder, schizophrenia) to suicide as an independent entity. Recent molecular studies of suicide risk by members of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the International Suicide Genetics Consortium have identified genome-wide significant loci associated with SA and with suicide death, and have examined these phenotypes within and outside of the context of major psychopathology. This review summarizes important insights from epidemiological and biometrical research on suicide, and discusses key empirical findings from molecular genetic examinations of STBs. Polygenic risk scores for these phenotypes have been observed to be associated with case−control status and other risk phenotypes. In addition, estimated shared genetic covariance with other phenotypes suggests specific medical and psychiatric risks beyond major depressive disorder. Broadly, molecular studies suggest a complexity of suicide etiology that cannot simply be accounted for by depression. Discussion of the state of suicide genetics, a growing field, also includes important ethical and clinical implications of studying the genetic risk of suicide.

Background Suicide is a severe public health problem, resulting in a high number of attempts and deaths each year. Early detection of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) is key to preventing attempts. We discuss passive sensing of digital and behavioral markers to enhance the detection and prediction of STBs. Objective The paper presents the protocol for a systematic review that aims to summarize existing research on passive sensing of STBs and evaluate whether the STB prediction can be improved using passive sensing compared to prior prediction models. Methods A systematic search will be conducted in the scientific databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Eligible studies need to investigate any passive sensor data from smartphones or wearables to predict STBs. The predictive value of passive sensing will be the primary outcome. The practical implications and feasibility of the studies will be considered as secondary outcomes. Study quality will be assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). If studies are sufficiently homogenous, we will conduct a meta-analysis of the predictive value of passive sensing on STBs. Results The review process started in July 2022 with data extraction in September 2022. Results are expected in December 2022. Conclusions Despite intensive research efforts, the ability to predict STBs is little better than chance. This systematic review will contribute to our understanding of the potential of passive sensing to improve STB prediction. Future research will be stimulated since gaps in the current literature will be identified and promising next steps toward clinical implementation will be outlined. Trial Registration OSF Registries osf-registrations-hzxua-v1; https://osf.io/hzxua International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42146

Depression, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) often emerge during adolescence. Despite considerable overlap in clinical presentation, risk factors, and implicated neurobiology, there is also evidence for divergence in terms of precursors, correlates, and outcomes. The complex interrelationships amongst these three clinical domains require considering both shared and divergent patterns of risk for depression, NSSI, and STB; a clearer understanding of these developmental trajectories will be needed to guide optimization and tailoring of early interventions.

Previous studies have shown that suicide-bereaved individuals may suffer increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) due to traumatic grief. In this paper, we present the self-reported rate of STB among Swedish suicide-bereaved women (N = 293). Data was collected in a cross-sectional anonymous survey on the homepages of Sweden’s leading suicide survivor organization, SPES. We used logistic regression to evaluate risks (of any STB event) related to losing a child compared to other relatives and the experience of social avoidance from family members, as well as feelings of shame and guilt. The self-reported rate of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts was 60, 24, and 5 percent, respectively, considerably higher than in the general population. Results showed that all of the investigated variables were independent risk factors for STB (ORs ranged between 1.29 and 2.69). Women who had both lost a child and experienced family avoidance reported the highest STB rate (87.5%), and we found an interaction effect between these two risk factors (OR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.05–11.32) that was related to self-reported shame. It is concluded that perceived responsibility for someone else’s suicide, and the social avoidance associated with it, may play an important role for suicide survivors and should be targeted by postvention activities.

Family conflict is known to operate as a major risk factor for children’s suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, it is unknown whether this effect is similar or different in Black and White children. Objectives: We compared Black and White children for the association between family conflict and STBs in a national sample of 9–10-year-old American children. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This study included 9918 White or Black children between the ages of 9 and 10 living in married households. The predictor variable was family conflict. Race was the moderator. The outcome variable was STBs, treated as a count variable, reflecting positive STB items that were endorsed. Covariates included ethnicity, sex, age, immigration status, family structure, parental education, and parental employment, and household income. Poisson regression was used for data analysis. Results: Of all participants, 7751 were Whites, and 2167 were Blacks. In the pooled sample and in the absence of interaction terms, high family conflict was associated with higher STBs. A statistically significant association was found between Black race and family conflict, suggesting that the association between family conflict and STBs is stronger in Black than White children. Conclusion: The association between family conflict and STBs is stronger in Black than White children. Black children with family conflict may be at a higher risk of STBs than White children with the same family conflict level. These findings align with the literature on the more significant salience of social relations as determinants of mental health of Black than White people. Reducing family conflict should be regarded a significant element of suicide prevention for Black children in the US.

El objetivo general de esta tesis es estudiar la frecuencia (prevalencia, incidencia y persistencia) de los pensamientos y conductas suicidas entre los universitarios españoles, así como aportar evidencia sobre su asociación con una amplia gama de factores de riesgo y protección. Presentamos los resultados de las encuestas en línea basal (T1) y de seguimiento 12 meses (T2) del proyecto de investigación UNIVERSAL “Universidad y Salud Mental”, del que se han analizado 2.118 estudiantes de primer año de 5 universidades españolas. La prevalencia a los 12 meses es del 9,9% para idea suicida, 5,6% plan y 0,6% intento. La incidencia a los 12 meses de idea suicida por primera vez en la vida es del 3,2%; y la persistencia del 21,2% de los casos con ideas suicidas previas. El principal factor asociado con la idea suicida es la presencia de un posible trastorno del estado de ánimo los últimos 12 meses, junto con: psicopatología de los padres, haber sufrido maltrato emocional o negligencia en la infancia o sufrir una agresión sexual o violación. Las relaciones positivas en la infancia y el sentido de pertenencia a la universidad se asociaron con una menor presencia de idea suicida. Los resultados de esta tesis señalan una elevada prevalencia e incidencia de pensamientos y conductas suicidas en universitarios de primer año en España. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de llevar a cabo estrategias de motorización y prevención dirigidas a tanto a los estudiantes con posibles trastornos del estado de ánimo como al conjunto de la población de universitarios de primer año. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the frequency (prevalence, incidence and persistence) of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Spanish university students, as well as to provide evidence about their association with a wide range of risk and protective factors. Baseline (T1) and 12-month follow-up (T2) online surveys data from the UNIVERSAL research project "University and Mental Health" were used for this thesis. A total of 2,118 first-year students from 5 Spanish universities were analyzed. Prevalence at 12 months is 9.9% for suicidal ideation, 5.6% for plan and 0.6% for attempt. 12-month first-onset incidence is 3.2%; and persistence of suicidal ideation among those with previous suicidal ideation is 21.2%. The main factor associated with suicidal ideation is presence of a possible mood disorder in the previous 12 months, along with: parents’ psychopathology, having suffered emotional abuse or neglect in childhood, or suffering a sexual assault or rape. Positive childhood relationships and a higher sense of university membership are associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation. Results from this thesis show that there is a high prevalence and incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first-year Spanish university students. These results suggest to the need to carry out motorization and prevention strategies focused on students with mood disorders as well as on the entire population of first-year university students

BackgroundEpidemiological data have demonstrated seasonal and circadian patterns of suicidal deaths. Several reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the relationship between sleep disturbance and suicidality. However, these reviews/meta-analyses have not focused on seasonal and circadian dysfunction in relation to suicidality, despite the common presence of this dysfunction in patients with mood disorders. Thus, the current literature review analyzed studies investigating person-specific chronotype, seasonality, and rhythmicity in relation to suicidal thoughts and behaviors.MethodsStudy authors reviewed articles related to individual-level chronotype, seasonality, and rhythmicity and suicidality that were written in English and not case reports or reviews.ResultsThis review supports a relationship between an eveningness chronotype, greater seasonality, and decreased rhythmicity with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in those with unipolar depression, as well as in other psychiatric disorders and in children/adolescents.LimitationsThese findings need to be explored more fully in mood disordered populations and other psychiatric populations, in both adults and children, with objective measurement such as actigraphy, and with chronotype, seasonality, and rhythmicity as well as broader sleep disturbance measurement all included so the construct(s) most strongly linked to suicidality can be best identified.ConclusionsEveningness, greater seasonality, and less rhythmicity should be considered in individuals who may be at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and may be helpful in further tailoring assessment and treatment to improve patient outcome.

PURPOSE: The primary aims are to (1) obtain representative prevalence estimates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among college students worldwide and (2) investigate whether STB is related to matriculation to and attrition from college. METHODS: Data from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys were analyzed, which include face-to-face interviews with 5750 young adults aged 18-22 spanning 21 countries (weighted mean response rate = 71.4%). Standardized STB prevalence estimates were calculated for four well-defined groups of same-aged peers: college students, college attriters (i.e., dropouts), secondary school graduates who never entered college, and secondary school non-graduates. Logistic regression assessed the association between STB and college entrance as well as attrition from college. RESULTS: Twelve-month STB in college students was 1.9%, a rate significantly lower than same-aged peers not in college (3.4%; OR 0.5; p