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For fourth-order geometric evolution equations for planar curves with the dissipation of the bending energy, including the Willmore and the Helfrich flows, we consider a numerical approach. In this study, we construct a structure-preserving method based on a discrete variational derivative method. Furthermore, to prevent the vertex concentration that may lead to numerical instability, we discretely introduce Deckelnick's tangential velocity. Here, a modification term is introduced in the process of adding tangential velocity. This modified term enables the method to reproduce the equations' properties while preventing vertex concentration. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach captures the equations' properties with high accuracy and avoids the concentration of vertices., Comment: 34 pages, 46 figures

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology leads to new insights into the manipulation of quantum systems in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Classical agent-based artificial intelligence algorithms provide a framework for the design or control of quantum systems. Traditional reinforcement learning methods are designed for the Markov Decision Process (MDP) and, hence, have difficulty in dealing with partially observable or quantum observable decision processes. Due to the difficulty of building or inferring a model of a specified quantum system, a model-free-based control approach is more practical and feasible than its counterpart of a model-based approach. In this work, we apply a model-free deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) reinforcement learning method for qubit-based quantum circuit architecture design problems. This paper is the first attempt to solve the quantum circuit design problem from the recurrent reinforcement learning algorithm, while using discrete policy. Simulation results suggest that our long short-term memory (LSTM)-based DRQN method is able to learn quantum circuits for entangled Bell–Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (Bell–GHZ) states. However, since we also observe unstable learning curves in experiments, suggesting that the DRQN could be a promising method for AI-based quantum circuit design application, more investigation on the stability issue would be required.

In parts machining, process planning is typically conducted by skillful operators. The quality of machining is highly dependent on process planning, which determines the operation parameters, such as the operation sequence and cutting tool. To achieve high-quality machining without depending on the skill level of the operators, standardization of process planning is desired. Therefore, it is necessary to extract and generalize skills related to process planning. Furthermore, eye tracking technology is expected to visualize unconscious human behavior. In this study, eye tracking technology is adopted to detect the movement of the operator’s eyes and gather gaze data when understanding mechanical drawings. Gaze data are analyzed using a heat map and bubble chart to identify differences in eye movement according to skill level. The analyzed heat maps indicate that the gazes of the skillful operator are gathered because the operator focuses on the area that is strongly related to the quality of machining. The analyzed bubble charts also indicate that the skillful operator considers the machining process by checking annotations, then understands the shape, and finally verifies the numerical values of the annotations. From the results of interviews performed based on the analysis, the individual skill could be effectively extracted in detail, particularly the skill regarding the operation sequence. Furthermore, the acquired skills are incorporated into a computer-aided process planning system developed in a previous study. The operation sequence is modified to reflect the acquired skills. Machining experiments confirmed the effectiveness of adopting operators’ skills in process planning.

Background : Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) and endovascular treatment have been performed for severe large vessel occlusion (LVO) and the results have been reported at high levels of evidence. However, acute treatment for LVO with mild symptom remains controversial. We retrospectively examined prognostic factors for LVO with mild symptoms. Method : We studied retrospectively the patients within 24 h of onset with large vessel occlusion with NIHSS score ≤ 5. Outcomes were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, with 0–2 defined as a good outcome and 3–6 as a poor outcome. Clinical characteristics of each case were examined. Result : Participants comprised 76 patients. Of the 76 patients. ICA occlusion showed good outcome in 17 / 19 cases (90%), whereas MCA occlusion showed good outcome in 36 / 54 cases (67%). Among the 14 cases showing positive results for distal intraarterial signal (d-IAS), outcomes were good in 6 cases (43%). On the other hand, the 32 d-IAS-negative cases showed good outcome in 28 cases (88%). Outcomes were thus significantly poorer for d-IAS-positive cases. Conclusion : MCA occlusion is associated with poor prognosis, even with NIHSS score ≤ 5, and d-IAS may provide a predictor.

In this work, we focus on the development of an AI technology to support decision making for people in leadership positions while facing uncertain environments. We demonstrate an efficient approach based on a stochastic inverse reinforcement leaning (IRL) algorithm constructed by hybridizing the conventional Max-entropy IRL and mixture density network (MDN) for the prediction of transition probability. We took the case study of American football, a sports game with stochastic environment, since the number of yards gainable on the next offence in real American football is usually uncertain during strategy planning and decision making. The expert data for IRL are built using the American football 2017 season data in National Football League (NFL). The American football simulation environment was built by training MDN using the annual NFL data to generate the state transition probability for IRL. Under the framework of Max-Entropy IRL, optimal strategy was successfully obtained through a learnt reward function by trial-and-error communication with the MDN environment. To precisely evaluate the validity of the learnt policy, we have conducted a risk-return analysis and revealed that the trained IRL agent showed higher return and lower risk than the expert data, indicating that it is possible for the proposed IRL algorithm to learn superior policy than the one derived directly from the expert teaching data. Decision-making in an uncertain environment is a general issue, ranging from business operation to management. Our work presented here will likely serve as a general framework for optimal business operation and risk management and contribute especially to the portfolio’s optimization in the financial and energy trading market.

Purpose: This article provides a brief overview of social work regulation and the context surrounding calls for greater transparency of demographic data related to social work licensing exam pass rates and the subsequent release of said data by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB). Methods: An exploratory review of the existing literature regarding social work regulation and bias in professional licensing examinations was conducted. Results: Conflicting perspectives on the necessity and impact of social work regulation have long existed. In recent years, the conversation has shifted to include concerns about potential bias within the regulatory system, specifically the licensing exams. These concerns led to widespread debates about the future of social work regulation and the need for greater transparency around exam outcomes. Conclusions: A comprehensive examination of existing regulatory frameworks emphasizing deficiencies of the social work licensure exam and the disparity of pass rates is paramount.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the glass-transition behavior of bacteria (Cronobacter sakazakii) as a function of water activity (a

The matrix functions can be defined by Cauchy's integral formula and can be approximated by the linear combination of inverses of shifted matrices using a quadrature formula. In this paper, we show a concrete construction of a framework to implement the linear combination of the inverses on quantum computers and propose a quantum algorithm for matrix functions based on the framework. Compared with the previous study [S. Takahira, A. Ohashi, T. Sogabe, and T.S. Usuda, Quant. Inf. Comput., 20, 1&2, 14--36, (Feb. 2020)] that proposed a quantum algorithm to compute a quantum state for the matrix function based on the circular contour centered at the origin, the quantum algorithm in the present paper can be applied to a more general contour. Moreover, the algorithm is described by the block-encoding framework. Similarly to the previous study, the algorithm can be applied even if the input matrix is not a Hermitian or normal matrix., 23 pages, 5 figures

Variational quantum circuit is proposed for applications in supervised learning and reinforcement learning to harness potential quantum advantage. However, many practical applications in robotics and time-series analysis are in partially observable environment. In this work, we propose an algorithm based on variational quantum circuits for reinforcement learning under partially observable environment. Simulations suggest learning advantage over several classical counterparts. The learned parameters are then tested on IBMQ systems to demonstrate the applicability of our approach for real-machine-based predictions.

In this work, we developed an efficient inverse design approach for optimal intermediate band solar cells (IBSC) device design given a target performance by using a joint drift-diffusion simulator and deep reinforcement learning scheme.GaAs quantum well embedded AlGaAs IBSC was used as the test candidate to verify the performance of the AI based inverse design approach. Maximum efficiency of was reached for the device with optimal structure parameters searched by the AI agent, which exceeds the target efficiency of 30%. Our work presented here demonstrate for the first time that a well-trained AI agent can fulfill the target efficiency by searching the optimal parameters with sound physical meaning for solar cell device. The AI-based inverse design approach shows promising potential to serve as an efficient device design tool by greatly reduce the number of trial-and-error experiment demonstrations and replacing laborious human guided device design.

Supplementary Table 1: Primers for sequencing and mutagenesis.

The genetic alteration of colorectal cancer cell lines

The activity of cell surface EGFR and total EGFR.

The captions of Supplementary Tables 1 and 2.

The relationship between EGFR downregulation and early tumor shrinkage

The colorectal cancer cell lines and their culture conditions

The relative amount of EGFR labeled with cetuximab.

Chronological changes in the number of EGFRs on the cell surface.

Este artigo analisa as contribuições do design no desenvolvimento de produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva por meio de impressão 3D pela ótica de valores sociais e de autoestima dos usuários. O estudo se apresenta por meio de um breve levantamento bibliográfico para contextualização, seguido de dois estudos de caso da aplicabilidade da impressão 3d no desenvolvimento de produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva. Por fim, são apresentadas a análise e as considerações finais.

Neste artigo apresentamos a relação das próteses dos membros do corpo humano no contexto do design e da arte. Desde a antiguidade o ser humano soluciona os problemas de amputação de seus membros através de próteses, que evoluem tecnologicamente ao longo da história, afetando a relação dessas pessoas com a sociedade. No contexto digital essas próteses ganham uma sofisticação, que começam a se igualar ou até a superar as próprias partes biológicas substituídas. Assim tornam-se polêmicas a atuação de atletas corredores como Oscar Pistorius, ou de escaladores como Hug Herr, que parecem ter suas potencialidades ampliadas com o uso de próteses. A imagem do ciborgue começa a se tornar cada vez mais presente no nosso cotidiano. Abordamos este tema aqui, no contexto da arte, sob dois pontos de vista. A primeira sendo a arte do design na prótese, quando esta apresenta um design com uma estética que vai além da sua função utilitária, e a segunda, a prótese na arte, com artistas com membros amputados, que continuam sua produção artística, devido a essas tecnologias e com artistas embora sem problemas físicos, a prótese se coloca como elemento poético.

To reduce the computation load for electromagnetic field analyses of magnets wound with spiral coated-conductor cables, we developed a simplified analysis method. In the method, we analyze a single spiral coated-conductor cable carrying transport current under the external magnetic field, which is generated by the current in adjacent spiral coated-conductor cables while ignoring influence of shielding currents in them. We conducted numerical electromagnetic field analyses with and without the model and directly compared the analysis results: magnetization and ac loss density distributions in coated conductors and the temporal evolution of ac losses. The comparison of the analysis results from each analysis model showed the applicability of the analysis method for ac loss estimation of magnets.

The hot-carrier effect and hot-carrier dynamics in GaAs solar cell device performance were investigated. Hot-carrier solar cells based on the conventional operation principle were simulated based on the detailed balance thermodynamic model and the hydrodynamic energy transportation model. A quasi-equivalence between these two models was demonstrated for the first time. In the simulation, a specially designed GaAs solar cell was used, and an increase in the open-circuit voltage was observed by increasing the hot-carrier energy relaxation time. A detailed analysis was presented regarding the spatial distribution of hot-carrier temperature and its interplay with the electric field and three hot-carrier recombination processes: Auger, Shockley–Read–Hall, and radiative recombinations.

O presente artigo demonstra a responsabilidade do designer automotivo em relação a projetar um veículo, uma vez que no Brasil há uma relação histórica, emocional e de valor. No design automotivo os designers começam a representar suas ideias a partir do papel, os traços dos carros transparecem a linguagem visual da marca, fortalecendo a assinatura da empresa, diferenciando um modelo do outro. Reconhecer conceitos históricos como Styling e Streamline, além da importância da linguagem visual, proporciona aos designers e aos entusiastas consumidores a compreensão dos fatores necessários para a criação de um veículo, que envolve diversas etapas de projeto como demonstrado no estudo de caso proposto, ressaltando compreender o que está por trás dos traços automotivos é relevante uma vez que a busca por um carro de qualidade em termos estéticos e funcional é indiscutível.

BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of this study is that latent class analysis could identify the subphenotypes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients associated with the outcomes and allow us to explore heterogeneity in the effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods and Results:This study was a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study (CRITICAL study) of OHCA patients. It included adult OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm. Patients from 2012 to 2016 (development dataset) were included in the latent class analysis, and those from 2017 (validation dataset) were included for evaluation. The association between subphenotypes and outcomes was investigated. Further, the heterogeneity of the association between ECPR implementation and outcomes was explored. In the study results, a total of 920 patients were included for latent class analysis. Three subphenotypes (Groups 1, 2, and 3) were identified, mainly characterized by the distribution of partial pressure of O2(PO2), partial pressure of CO2(PCO2) value of blood gas assessment, cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The 30-day survival outcomes were varied across the groups: 15.7% in Group 1; 30.7% in Group 2; and 85.9% in Group 3. Further, the association between ECPR and 30-day survival outcomes by subphenotype groups in the development dataset was as varied. These results were validated using the validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The latent class analysis identified 3 subphenotypes with different survival outcomes and potential heterogeneity in the effects of ECPR.

Fishes of the Syngnathidae family are rare in having male pregnancy: males receive eggs from females and egg development occurs in the male brood pouch that diverged during evolution. The family is divided into two subfamilies: Nerophinae and Syngnathinae.We compared histologically five types of the brood pouch in Syngnathinae: an open pouch without skinfolds (alligator pipefish); an open pouch with skinfolds (messmate pipefish); a closed pouch with skinfolds (seaweed pipefish); and closed pouches with a sac-like pouch on the tail (pot-bellied seahorse) or within a body cavity (Japanese pygmy seahorse).Histological observations revealed that all the examined species possess vascular egg compartments during the brooding period. The present immunohistochemical study revealed that the pregnant egg compartment epithelium grows thin in both open and closed pouches. The placenta of open and closed pouches is composed of dermis and reticulin fibers, respectively. The closed pouch placenta is a flexible and moist tissue, suitable for substance transport between the father and embryos through the epithelium and blood vessels and responsible for supplying nutrition and removing waste.These results suggest that the basic egg incubation structures were established at an early stage of Syngnathinae evolution. On the other hand, it is likely that the innovation of tissue structure, where dermis was replaced with reticular fibers, occurred in closed brood pouches to regulate the pregnant pouch environment. The present study presents the morphological evolutionary pathway of the brood pouch in Syngnathinae, providing a basis for further molecular-level evolutionary studies.

We have presented the study on magneto-transport properties and hole self-doping due to excess oxygen addition in polycrystalline LaMnO3 (LMO). The polycrystalline LMO samples were prepared by use of a solid-state reaction method. Powder mixtures with a molar ratio of 1:1 between La2O3 and Mn2O3 were pre-annealed at 1100oC for 18 hours in the atmospheres of O2, He and vacuum. By this pre-annealing, non-crystalline LMO samples were produced. After that, the non-crystalline LMO samples were grinded and were pressed into pellets at the pressure of 3t/cm3. The pellets were annealed at 1100oC and 1300oC for 18 hours in the same atmospheres as the pre-annealing. Through these processes, crystalline LMO samples were produced. To investigate the crystallographic structure of the LMO samples, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have been performed by use of Cu-K radiation. From the results of XRD measurements, we have found that all LMO samples have perovskite structure and are polycrystalline. In addition, to investigate the surface structure of the LMO samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements have been carried out. Electrical resistivities (ERs) for the LMO samples have been measured as a function of temperature (4K-300K). The ERs of the LMO samples produced in O2 atmosphere show lower values as compared with other LMO ones produced in He and vacuum atmospheres. Especially, the temperature dependence of the ER for a LMO sample produced at the annealing temperature of 1100oC in O2 atmosphere shows metallic conduction. Thus, we have considered that this LMO sample has the largest hole self-doping concentration in all LMO ones. In addition, the magnetic field dependences of the magneto-resistance (MR) ratios for the LMO samples have been measured at several temperatures. The ferromagnetic behaviors on the MR ratios have been observed for LMO samples produced in O2 and He atmospheres.