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This paper dwells on economic and legal potential of the agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic in conditions of the society’s digital development, and also provides recommendations for the development of the agricultural sector in the field of information relations. The growth of the digital economic space in the world practice was most accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the main directions of economic development of many countries began to depend on the digitalization of certain sectors of the economy and the society. Methods of economic and legal analysis of the agricultural sector were used during the study, including analysis of the development of information and communication technologies, communications and the Internet in the current period of the country’s development. This study showed that state-and-private interaction and partnership should be closer and aimed at creating a common information structure of the industry, including one based on the adoption of common legal and economic solutions. Based on the study conducted, it is recommended to strengthen the level of information support for the rural population, create an agricultural information network and an appropriate information infrastructure, which should further strengthen the interaction between the rural population and government authorities, contribute to solution of a number of economic problems in the field of agriculture in the country.

Dental caries depends on medical, geographical and living conditions, age, body state, diet, and the degree of oral hygiene. In some people, the first signs of dental caries can be detected already during the eruption of both milk and permanent teeth. Features of clinical course of the caries process in children are associated with the nature of structure of hard dental tissues and body responsiveness.Dental caries is determined by many factors, and under appropriate conditions, they can cause the disease.However, along with the indisputable role of local cariogenic factors, the importance of general factors should also be taken into account, as metabolic disorders during the development, formation and maturation of teeth affect the composition and structure of dental tissues and can weaken their resistance.Elimination of the causes and conditions for the occurrence and development of diseases, as well as increasing the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors is the main task of prevention.

Because of the special history of the development of St. Petersburg, within the territory of the municipality there are both individual historical monuments and complex cultural heritage ensembles, which include many parts of the ensemble, which in turn, are individual historical monuments.At the same time, while there is a comprehensive approach to the preservation of the heritage of St. Petersburg at the level of state policy, in modern practice facts have been revealed which do not comply with the above policy, and in some cases are of an offence requiring a prosecutorial response. Existing in the current legislation the procedure for identifying objects of cultural heritage is not objective and requires changes.The authors believe that the vesting the powers of state control and supervision in a single executive body of state power, the lack of authority in terms of control by local self-government and regulated interaction between the federal and regional executive bodies of state power, the imperfection of existing legislation in St. Petersburg leads to the loss of effectiveness in the identification and preservation of cultural heritage of value both at the regional and federal level, which strains the efficiency of the identification and preservation of cultural heritage at both the regional and federal level.Considering the emerging negative trend, the representative body of local self-government of Svetlanovskoye Municipality of St. Petersburg took municipal response measures, the issues of cultural heritage preservation were considered at the municipal council, and appeals were sent to the authorized authorities and the St. Petersburg Prosecutor's Office.It became possible after the 2019 municipal elections, which resulted in the election of non-systemic municipal deputies to the representative bodies of local government, thereby forming open councils, to study in detail the specifics of state registration, identification and preservation of cultural heritage, and to find ways to solve existing problems at the level of the municipality. Exercising the powers in the representative body of local government, the actual representatives of the local community were able to study in practice the specifics of the functioning of local government, in the legal field of public authority to make public the issues of the problem field, to identify vulnerable places in the activities of executive power, to take response measures and make appropriate practical conclusions.The purpose of this article is to provide a scientific substantiation of the necessity of local self-government participation in detection and protection of cultural heritage objects by the example of some separate municipality of Svetlanovsky municipality of St. Petersburg; to search and offer possible variants of local self-government participation in the issue of efficient cultural heritage protection; to study reasons of necessity of local self-government in the new conditions of modern community of St. Petersburg.On the basis of the study the authors conclude that it is necessary to take specific response measures by the representative body of local government and the state bodies of St. Petersburg aimed at creating the necessary conditions for the effective identification and preservation of cultural heritage in the modern conditions of functioning of local government in the field of culture.

In the new history of present states, one of the main risks to the socio-economic development of society is corruption. The fight against it is based on the development of normative and legal acts, prevention and prevention, information and investigative activities, and is expressed in the form of deterrence and counteraction.The fundamental regulatory framework is the “United Nations Convention against Corruption” (adopted in New York on October 31, 2003 by Resolution 58/4 at the 51st plenary session of the 58th UN General Assembly), the Federal Law “On Countering Corruption” of 12/25/2008 N 273-FL. At the same time, to date, combating corruption in local government is regulated superficially and is formal in character. Due to the actual closed nature of the activities and peculiarities of the functioning of local government, the issues of corruption are not fully studied in order to provide effective prevention and counteraction.The possibility of a detailed study of corruptionogenic factors of local government and the development of methods of counteraction became possible after the elections of 2019, after which non-systemic municipal deputies were elected to the representative bodies of local government. Exercising the powers in the representative body of local government, municipal deputies independent from the territorial executive bodies of state power were able to study the specifics of the functioning of local government, make public the issues of the problem field, identify vulnerable places in the activities, take response measures and make appropriate practical conclusions.The purpose of this article is to establish the causes of the emergence of corruption in local government on the example of a separate municipality of the MO Svetlanovskoye of St. Petersburg. Study of the causes of the emergence of corruptionogenic factors, search and proposal of possible ways to address the issue of effective counteraction to corruption in local government in the new conditions of life of modern society.On the basis of the study the authors declare the need to take specific measures of response of the public authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation and the representative body of local government, aimed at creating certain conditions for effective counteraction and prevention of corruption, minimizing the consequences of corruptogenic factors in the modern conditions of democratic functioning of local government.

BACKGROUND: Being one of the aspects of the morphological constitution, the component composition of the body reflects the state of metabolic processes in the body and can serve as a kind of predictor of the development of various pathological conditions. One of the most accessible and widely used methods for researchers is the determination of the body mass index, which ensures the comparability of the results obtained by different authors. AIM: To systematize and compare the literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the body mass index of young people and its relationship with the degree of urbanization and geography of residence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original articles and reviews posted in the scientometric databases PubMed, Google Scholar and eLIBRARY.RU for the last 20 years are analyzed. An analysis of the results of a survey of medical students from Russian universities was carried out depending on the region of residence and the population of the city. RESULTS: It was revealed that the interest of the scientific community in the study of body composition is constantly growing: every next year the total number of publications on body composition increases by an average of 24% compared to the previous year. An increase in the proportion of students with a low body mass index was noted as the number of the city grew and its shift in the direction from the eastern regions of the Russian Federation to the western ones. The proportion of students with a normal body mass index decreases as the population of the city in which the medical school is located increases. CONCLUSION: According to our analysis of the results of a survey of medical students in Russia, body mass index is associated with the degree of urbanization and has geographical features.

Purpose: diagnosis of the disease and the subsequent surgical treatment of the Golstinsky breed bullshit in connection with a violation of the development of the testis.Materials and methods. The object of the study is the Golstein goby, which was born on a farm in Thuringia and then was contained in the general group (15 calves) on a deep straw litter. We carried out an early diagnosis of an animal disease aged 2 weeks, with a mass of 55 kg. During the clinical study, the condition of the calf was recorded as good, he actively took food, the clinical indicators were within normal limits, however, an increase in the volume of the scrotum that was inappropriate for its age was observed, and left -handed cryptorchidism was established. On the palpation of the scrotum, a slight soreness was noted, an increase in the right tested to 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, the density of the shells of the testis and the fluctuation of the parenchyma. The left seed was not available for research due to its abdominal location. Since there was a rapid increase in the right seed, it was decided to carry out a unilateral castration of a bull to prevent the further development of the pathological process.Results. Castration was carried out with a bloody closed way on a firm ligature. The remote organ in the section did not have a clearly expressed parenchyma, but contained many cystic formations with transparent, liquid contents, in some cysts the contents were an admixture of blood. As a result of the surgical treatment of the bull, a pathologically changed testicist was removed, the second testis, which is abdominal, was left. To date, this disease is not fully studied and requires further thorough studies.

Goal: To develop a method for automated assessment of the volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebral bodies using an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and a phantom modeling method.Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the AI algorithm designed to assess BMD of the vertebral bodies based on chest CT data. The test data set contains 100 patients aged over 50 y.o.; the ratio between the subjects with/without compression fractures (Сfr) is 48/52. The X-ray density (XRD) of vertebral bodies at T11-L3 was measured by experts and the AI algorithm for 83 patients (205 vertebrae). We used a recently developed QCT PK (Quantitative Computed Tomography Phantom Kalium) method to convert XRD into BMD followed by building calibration lines for seven 64-slice CT scanners. Images were taken from 1853 patients and then processed by the AI algorithm after the calibration. The male to female ratio was 718/1135.Results: The experts and the AI algorithm reached a strong agreement when comparing the measurements of the XRD. The coefficient of determination was R2=0.945 for individual vertebrae (T11-L3) and 0.943 for patients (p=0.000). Once the subjects from the test sample had been separated into groups with/without Сfr, the XRD data yielded similar ROC AUC values for both the experts – 0.880, and the AI algorithm – 0.875. When calibrating CT scanners using a phantom containing BMD samples made of potassium hydrogen phosphate, the following averaged dependence formula BMD =0.77*HU-1.343 was obtained. Taking into account the American College Radiology criteria for osteoporosis, the cut-off value of BMDConclusions: This paper demonstrates good comparability for the measurements of the vertebral bodies’ XRD performed by the AI morphometric algorithm and the experts. We presented a method and demonstrated great effectiveness of opportunistic assessment of vertebral bodies’ BMD based on computed tomography data using the AI algorithm and the phantom modeling.

Purpose of this study — to compare the results of different tonometry methods before surgical treatment of glaucoma and in the early postoperative period.The study was conducted on a group of 50 patients (50 eyes) aged 55 to 80 years with uncompensated primary open-angle glaucoma, who were admitted to in-patient department for glaucoma surgery. Patients were examined using bidirectional applanation tonometry of the cornea performed on Ocular Response Analyzer, pneumotonometry on Canon TX-20P device, and with Icare tonometer. These studies were carried out on the day before the surgery, the next day, and 2 weeks after the operation.Significant differences in tonometry readings were revealed between all tested devices at high intraocular pressure (IOP) levels (before glaucoma surgery). Significant differences were also found in IOP values obtained with Icare tonometer in the central zone of the cornea and in the middle periphery in the nasal and temporal sectors. A significant difference between the indicators remained on the next day after surgery, except for the Icare readings. After two weeks, the tonometric parameters did not differ significantly from each other.Corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc) is the most important tonometric indicator in clinical practice because it takes into account the individual biomechanical characteristics of the patient’s cornea. When examining patients with glaucoma, the IOPcc indicator significantly differed in uncompensated IOP, which is important for determining the correct treatment tactics. When assessing the level of IOP after surgery this trend persisted, indicating a systematic underestimation of IOP level (overestimation of the effect of glaucoma surgery). The reliability of the study is confirmed by the results of measurements on unoperated fellow eyes (control).

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNID) are an important problem for health care worldwide. In this connection, there was a need to develop preventive measures aimed at their early detection and timely correction. Taking into account the available evidence base on the effectiveness of preventive measures to reduce risk factors of CNID, special attention should be paid to people with high risks of their development and patients with an already established diagnosis. To improve the quality of preventive medicine, it is necessary to consistently develop and implement modern technologies aimed at early detection of risk factors at all stages of human life using available tests. To date, remote screening is considered as one of the promising areas of telemedicine technologies, which can be successfully used during medical examinations, medical examinations, etc. We have developed a methodology for telemedicine multidisciplinary remote questionnaire screening of the adult population using a system of analysis of unstructured data for population monitoring of CNID. Our telemedicine program was tested based on the city polyclinic for the first stage of medical examination. Depending on the identified risk factors, it was found that patients with the greatest frequency are concerned about complaints from the endocrine, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems and oncological alertness. The interim results of the study once again show that the transition to new social conditions causes an active destabilization of the physical and psycho-emotional capabilities of the human body, which, under excessive loads, are able to increase the degree of activity of the CNID risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Currently there are practically no works in the literature to assess the outcomes of systemic therapy in patients with solitary, single and multiple metastases of renal cell carcinoma. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of systemic drug therapy of the first line in patients with solitary, single and multiple metastases of renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 981 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who underwent systemic therapy of the first line at the City Oncological Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the City Oncological Dispensary in St. Petersburg from 2006 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and pathomorphological examination. 90 (9.2%) patients had solitary metastases, 252 (25.7%) single metastases and 639 (65.1%) multiple metastases. An analysis was made of the outcomes of 1st line therapy, which were conditionally divided into favorable, including all cases of complete response, partial response and stabilization, and unfavorable progression during treatment, death or deregistration. Subsequently patients who had previously received chemotherapy or cytokine treatment were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Complete response (3.3%) and deregistration (5.56%) were more often observed in patients with solitary metastases, stabilization more often occurred in patients with single metastases (51.1%), partial response (9.4%) and death (6.2%) in patients with multiple metastases. In patients with multiple metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors a partial response was observed in almost half of the cases. Stabilization and progression were observed in almost the same percentage of cases (about a quarter of cases), and only two patients had a fatal outcome, which is slightly lower than in patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Frequent outcomes when using tyrosine kinase inhibitors were stabilization of the process (40.72% of cases) or progression (38.72%), a complete and partial response was rarely recorded. Significant differences in the occurrence of favorable and unfavorable outcomes were revealed in patients with multiple metastases, depending on the number of affected organs and the prescribed drug. When comparing the results of systemic therapy of the first line, a higher efficiency of tyrosine kinase inhibitors was observed in solitary metastases of tumors with a high and moderate degree of differentiation. Systemic therapy of G3 tumors with solitary metastases had low efficacy in the appointment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 27.27% of patients. Higher efficiency was noted in single and multiple metastases. The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors was revealed in 70.6% of patients with single and multiple metastases. CONCLUSIONS: When choosing systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in clinical practice, it is necessary to take into account such prognostic factors as histological variants, the degree of differentiation of the tumor and the number of affected organs.

The paper describes a digital signal processing technique for determining the relationship between disturbances in a supersonic flow and pulsations of the boundary layer of a flat plate model. Estimates of the error of the proposed data processing method are given, the results of an experiment conducted to demonstrate the method on real data are presented.

The treatment of localized oncological process requires a reconstructive intervention in the vast majority of cases. Thus, the problem of reconstructive plastic material is acute. There is no standard material for reconstruction, due to the variability of defects in length, composition and localization of the tumor process. Both cover tissues and fragments of the gastrointestinal tract can be used as the autologous graft. The presented clinical case describes the esophageal reconstruction with the radial forearm flap. The radial flap is easy to cut out, survives well, and its use excludes the presence of complications from the donor area, in comparison with the techniques of using fragments of the gastrointestinal tract. The ability to perform simultaneous tumor removal and reconstruction allows for full restoration of vital functions eating, breathing, speech, achievement of good aesthetic and functional results, including long-term ones, and a satisfactory quality of life.

In this article, we study the subnational variation in the deployment of the politically motivated coercion during Aleksei Navalny’s 2017–18 presidential campaign in Russia. We posit that the strategic consideration behind the use of coercion helps to explain why some subnational authorities relied heavily on repressive tactics while others abstained from it. As regime agents aim at preventing mobilization from escalating, in resource abundant localities they must be more proactive. Also, they have to develop organizational capacities and overcome political constraints. Hence, we expect higher intensity of repression in the cities where propensity and capacity to repress are higher, and constraints are lower. We test these propositions against the data on the incidents of coercion in 159 cities and find some tentative support for this theory.

BackgroundCutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) occur in up to 40% of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) recipients. However, the association of cirAEs with survival remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of cirAEs with survival among ICI recipients.MethodsICI recipients were identified from the Mass General Brigham healthcare system (MGB) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI). Patient charts were reviewed for cirAE development within 2 years after ICI initiation. Multivariate time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, ICI type, cancer type, and year of ICI initiation were utilized to investigate the impact of cirAE development on overall survival.ResultsOf the 3,731 ICI recipients, 18.1% developed a cirAE. 6-month landmark analysis and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that patients who developed cirAEs were associated with decreased mortality (HR=0.87,p=0.027), particularly in melanoma patients (HR=0.67,p=0.003). Among individual morphologies, lichenoid eruption (HR=0.51,pLimitationsRetrospective design; single geography.ConclusionCirAE development is associated with improved survival among ICI recipients, especially melanoma patients.Capsule SummaryPatients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) who developed cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) had favorable outcomes. This was especially notable for melanoma patients who had cirAEs, both those with vitiligo and other morphologies.Development of cirAEs in ICI-treated patients can be used to prognosticate survival and guide treatment decisions.

Introduction. The stillbirth rate is steadily increasing accounting for about 80 per cent of perinatal mortality in Russia. There is currently no uniform international classification for coding the causes of perinatal death.The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the causes of antenatal death of full-term fetuses in the Chelyabinsk region on the basis of various classifications of perinatal mortality to determine possible reserves for reducing the stillbirth rate.Materials and methods A retrospective case-control study based on the analysis of medical documentation of all cases of antenatal death of full-term fetuses during the period of pregnancy 37 weeks 0 days - 41 weeks 6 days held in the Chelyabinsk region from 2019 to 2021. We use the MedCalc software package (Version 20.110, Belgium, 2022) for statistical analysis.Results Based on the ICD-10 classification applied to perinatal deaths (ICD-PM), the leading cause of antenatal death of full-term fetuses is acute antenatal complication. In this case, disorders related to duration of pregnancy and growth of the fetus are the main concomitant pathology. There has also been an increase in the proportion of maternal conditions that have a direct impact on antenatal fetal death (placental and umbilical cord pathology) and other diseases or pathological conditions of the mother (hypertensive disorders and infectious and parasitic diseases). According to the Scandinavian-Baltic Classification, most cases fall into category III and are considered preventable. The distribution of full-term fetal death by CODAC showed that antenatal hypoxia of the fetus is rarely the primary and only cause. First comes the pathology of the placenta and umbilical cord.Discussion The ICD-PM classification allows to lead the most detailed analysis of the causes of antenatal death, considering the pathological conditions of the fetus and the mother, which have a direct influence on the occurrence of the adverse outcome. However, a comparison of the distribution of the cases studied by other classifications showed that the pathology of the placenta and umbilical cord could be considered as the main cause of antenatal death of full-term fetuses, rather than a concomitant cause.Conclusion The main cause of antenatal death of full-term fetuses in Chelyabinsk region is antenatal hypoxia of the fetus. At the same time, all cases of antenatal fetal death relate to preventable losses, which determines the urgent need to identify predictors of this unfavorable outcome in order to reduce the stillbirth rate.

Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Burakovsky was born on August 20, 1922 in Tiflis (Tbilisi). In 1940, Vladimir entered the Tbilisi Medical Institute. In 1947, V. I. Burakovsky was enrolled in a clinical residency at the Department of Faculty Surgery № 2 (since 1955 – Department of Surgery for Advanced Doctors № 1) Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov in Leningrad. In the spring of 1960, Vladimir Ivanovich was accepted as a senior researcher at this Institute and appointed the head of the Department of Surgery of the heart and blood vessels in children. Vladimir Ivanovich was the author and co-author of more than 500 scientific papers, including 15 monographs: on the issues of pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital and acquired heart defects and major vessels, heart diseases in young children, complications after open heart surgery, surgery of complex congenital defects and coronary heart disease, heart defects with pulmonary hypertension, the use of hyperbaric oxygenation in cardiac surgery, surgical treatment of coronary disease, heart transplantation in experiment, history and philosophy of cardiac surgery. In 1970, «for the best scientific work on thoracic surgery», Vladimir Ivanovich was awarded the title of laureate of the S. I. Spasokukotsky Prize of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (together with B. A. Konstantinov). Academician Vladimir Ivanovich Burakovsky died on September 22, 1994 in Moscow and was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery. The Institute of cardiac Surgery of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research center of cardiovascular Surgery» (A. N. Bakulev NMRcVS) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation bears his name, in which a bust of his creator is installed.

Introduction. Today, in the conditions of constant and growing uncertainty, there is the need to develop new, up-to-date methodologies for the development of university management teams, the transformation of their activities in a new environment.Aim. The present research aims to analyse methodological approaches to the formation and development of teams working on the strategic university transformation projects that meet the needs of practice and reflect the most effective ways to create and operate university project teams.Methodology and research methods. As the scientific basis of the proposed methodological approach to the effective formation and development of teams working on the strategic projects for the transformation of universities, the main theoretical provisions of the team-based approach are determined. The main research methods involved the analysis of scientific publications on the topic under study, the grouping and classification of approaches, a deep semi-formalised interview with 76 representatives of the administrative and managerial apparatus of three large Russian universities (regional classical universities from the Volga and Siberian Federal Districts of Russia), a questionnaire survey of 78 experts.Results. International experience in studying the activities of management teams of higher education institutions was summarised. The authors identified the restrictions and possibilities of using international experience in Russian universities. The scientific and practical groundwork for the formation and development of teams for the strategic university transformation projects is presented.Scientific novelty. The authors critically analysed the existing methodological approaches to the formation and development of teams for strategic university transformation projects, which reflect the most effective ways of creating and functioning university transformation project teams.Practical significance lies in justifying a set of methodological approaches to the formation and development of project teams and checking their applicability in the practice of university implementation transformation projects. The research materials can be useful to the representatives of administrative and managerial personnel, the heads of projects and programmes for the university development, and the employees participating in projects.

Magnetic resonance imaging is used for diagnosing abdominal and retroperitoneal space pathology, which allows visualizing focal or diffuse lesions in the parenchymal and hollow viscera with high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. Magnetic resonance imaging has advantages over computed tomography in the sensitivity and specificity of determining pathological changes in parenchymal organs, bile ducts and ducts of the pancreas, peritoneum, and retroperitoneal space. The multiparametric protocol provides information about the mutual topography of organs and their structure and the functional state of tissues. This allows to move from structural to functional evaluation. In most cases, the standard abdominal protocol includes T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Depending on the objectives and patients condition, this protocol can be significantly reduced or supplemented. Existing technical developments and achievements make it possible to simplify the scanning process and reduce the time for obtaining images while increasing the reproducibility of techniques in different healthcare institutions.

Extensive spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prompted an investigation of its diagnostic features. Acute viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 has been described in detail using CT, radiography, and MRI. There is no data in the literature on the descriptive picture observed with dynamic MRI. Considering a comprehensive diagnostic approach, radiologists should know how to correctly recognize and interpret COVID-19 on MRI. This case series demonstrated the ability of dynamic MRI to detect the cloudy sky sign and distinguish it from consolidation in COVID-19 patients, thus presumably distinguishing between early or mild changes and a progressive clinical course. These changes in dynamic lung images on MRI can be recorded depending on the phase of the respiratory cycle. Thus, MRI, as a radiation-free tool that can be used to examine a patient with acute viral pneumonia COVID-19, can be useful in cases where access to computed tomography is limited and dynamic morphofunctional imaging is required.

The article deals with the practices and specifics of the implementation of transformation projects in Russian universities. Particular attention is focused on the direct performers – members of project teams. The specifics of their formation are considered, the criteria necessary for employees to be included in a project team, as well as the peculiarities of such team functioning and development for more effective and productive activities are studied. The peculiarities of exclusion and withdrawal of employees from the project team – what are the reasons for it and what actions are taken by the head of the team to replace the withdrawn participant (selection of a new or redistribution of functions of the withdrawn to the remaining employees or another option) are considered separately.The conclusions presented in the article are based on the materials of an empirical sociological study conducted during the year (in the period from December 2021 to December 2022) by the method of indepth semi-formalized interviews with 78 representatives of administrative and managerial staff, scientific and pedagogical workers, heads of departments and deans of universities in three regional classical universities (in Siberian and Volga Federal Districts of the Russian Federation).Based on the results of the empirical study, the authors come to several conclusions. The transformation projects implemented in universities are associated with many diverse problems, key among which were: the destruction of agreements due to geopolitical risks; lack or complete absence of funding; varying financial success of projects; disunity of the team and lack of understanding of common goals and objectives of the project; lack of practical implementation of the project, etc.The success of the transformation project is signaled by both classical criteria called in the theory and practice of project management, for example, compliance with project deadlines, project execution within the allocated resources, and criteria less frequently mentioned in research, for example, the development of the project team, the formation of project values and norms of project culture, satisfaction of stakeholders and others. Transformation project teams are often formed spontaneously, the basis is often the potential candidate’s belonging to the required position or function, the competencies of candidates are rarely assessed, and their future competence and role statuses are planned.

BACKGROUND:The state of the cardiovascular system is one of the central links in the adaptation of servicemen and persons involved in priority sectors of the economy to the extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic and Subtropical zones. AIM:To evaluate the indicators of the cardiovascular system in military personnel, depending on the length of military service in extreme climatic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A single-stage randomized cross-sectional study included 313 male contract servicemen, 2840 years old. The subjects were grouped into three groups: those serving in the Arctic zone, in the Middle Zone and a group serving in the conditions of the mid-mountain Subtropical zone. An alternative way of dividing the sample was the distribution of military personnel according to the length of stay in the current climatic and geographical conditions. Pulse oximetry and assessment of regional blood circulation were performed. RESULTS:In military personnel serving in the Arctic and Subtropical zones, in contrast to service in the Middle climatic zone, a set of changes was revealed, including: an increase in the proportion of military personnel with arterial hypoxemia and an increase in vascular stiffness associated with an increase in the proportion of military personnel with pulse wave type A, corresponding to a rigid artery wall, and a decrease in the proportion of persons with pulse wave type waves with, corresponding to the high elasticity of the arterial wall. In military personnel serving in the conditions of the mid-mountain Subtropical zone, the increase in vascular stiffness was less pronounced, but covered a larger percentage of military personnel. As the service life increases, vascular stiffness gradually increases from 16,714,2 conl. units, in the first 5 years, to 8,014,3 conl. units in 510 years, and to 0,516,0 conventional units in military personnel with a service life of more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS:With an increase in the duration of stay in unfavorable climatic conditions of the Arctic and mid-mountain Subtropical zones, the cardiovascular system is depleted in the form of a decrease in saturation and an increase in arterial hypoxemia with a restructuring of vascular reactions according to hypertension with an experience of more than 10 years.

The penetration of computer technology in general education in our country started more than half a century ago. Alexander Yurievich Uvarov was among those who started the work in the field of digital renewal of education. Today he is the Doctor of Sciences (Education), Professor at the Institute of Education of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, leading researcher at the Axel Berg Institute of Cybernetics and Educational Computing of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the RF Government Prize in Education, long-time member of the editorial board of Informatics and Education journal. A. Yu. Uvarov made a significant contribution to the development of school informatics. His organizational activities and research largely determined the reality and future prospects for the digitalization of the national school. It is necessary to emphasize the importance and scientific significance of the research carried out by A. Yu. Uvarov.In January 2023, he turned eighty years old. The biography of this researcher, well known in Russia and abroad, reflects, as in a mirror, the half-century history of the digital renewal of the Russian school.

In recent history the concept of “public authority” was collective and was not fixed in legislative and normative-legal acts. Under the Law of the Russian Federation on amendment of the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 14.03.2020 № 1-FCL “On improvement of regulation of separate issues of organization and functioning of public authorities” local self-government bodies were eferred to public authorities. According to Article 132 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation “Local self-government bodies and public authorities are part of a unified system of public authority in the Russian Federation and interact to most effectively solve problems in the interests of the population living in the respective territory. Article 35.1 of Federal Law № 131-FL of 06.10.2003 “On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” gives elected deputies of a municipal representative body the right to form political factions for the exercise of their powers. The activities of such factions are established and legitimized by a normative legal act of the municipality. As a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and emergence of the Russian Federation, proc-lamation of democratic values and democratization of society, political parties and other public organizations began to appear. New actors and leaders, were able to organize a collective, turbulently increasing action against the government, which immediately after the end of the protests, mobilized the protest mood of the electorate, which in the elections in 2017, 2019 in Moscow, 2019 in St. Petersburg held in local government in Moscow and St. Petersburg “independent” municipal deputies from the territorial executive government in representative bodies of local government, thereby creating pockets of political and social tension. An important aspect of the political struggle for the degree of influence on political stability, namely the change of power in the municipalities of Svetlanovskoye, Smolninskoye, Ligovka-Yamskoye, Liteiniy District, Vladimirskiy District of St. Petersburg, was the result of an intraparty struggle in the power structures. The intraparty struggle between the executive and legislative branches of power for the degree of territorial influence in St. Petersburg is a characteristic feature of federal cities, with their elites constantly fighting for the maximum concentration of power in their hands. As a result of the insufficient control of the electoral process by the territorial executive bodies of state power in St. Petersburg, an additional opportunity for opposition forces to exercise sufficient quality control of the electoral process for compliance with legislative requirements. As a result of this situation, the representative bodies were formed by independent non-systemic deputies. The pluralism of opinions that emerged in local government became particularly important, since without agreement for decision-making the work of representative bodies of local government was impossible, and consequently the exercise of the constitutional rights of citizens to exercise local government and the legitimate functioning of local government in addressing issues of local importance and the execution of certain state powers was impossible. The existence in the legal field of an internally highly conflictual representative body generates social tension in society, political destabilization and, as a consequence, a general distrust of public authorities in general, since public authorities are directly involved in the formation of local government in St. Petersburg, where the execution of local government authority is associated with such features as a high level of education of citizens, population density, the degree of involvement in electoral processes In 2015, an additional procedure for recruiting heads of municipalities was introduced - the selection of candidates for the post of head by a competitive commission, where half of the commission’s members should be representatives of regional authorities. It was expected that in this way the selection of heads of municipalities would become more controlled. In 2020, the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation consolidated the “incorporation” of the local level into the system of state (public) power, finally depriving municipal authorities of formal autonomy from the state. The purpose of the article is to establish the causes of incapacity of the representative body of local government of St. Petersburg after the municipal elections of 2019, the search for possible ways to create conditions for further functioning of the municipality in the new conditions of pluralism of opinions among the new convocation of municipal deputies, the study of the causes of the created situation, the search and proposal of possible ways to solve the issue of adaptation of the representative body to the new conditions of functioning. Based on the research conducted, the authors declare the necessity to take measures to respond to the public authorities aimed at finding opportunities and creating conditions for the performance of powers by the representative body, deputies and heads of the municipality in the new conditions of functioning of local self-government.

The article studies the importance of the role of the service sector in the Russian economy, as well as the main trends in its development in the context of the world economy. The main features of the concept of "service" were identified and characterized. An analysis of the state of the problem was carried out based on statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, data obtained from open sources, including official websites. In the course of the study, the sectors of the Russian economy were aggregated to highlight the share of the service sector in the overall structure. It was revealed that the share of the service sector with a significant gap is the largest in the structure of Russia's GDP. In addition, in a similar way, the shares of the service sector by types of economic activity in the turnover of organizations, in the distribution of organizations, the number and structure of employees were identified. The average monthly nominal accrued salary of workers in the service sector among other aggregated types of economic activity was analyzed. In conclusion, a comparison was made of the structure of Russia's GDP with that of other major states. As a result of the study, the main factors that influenced the positive dynamics of the service sector in Russia were identified. In addition, the reasons for the lowest weight of the service sector in the structure of Russia's GDP compared with the corresponding indicators of other countries under consideration were identified. It has been proven that the role of the service sector in the country's economy is extremely significant and, in general, has a great impact on economic development. In conclusion, recommendations were given that are necessary for the further strategic development of the industry.

Fresh fermented milk products have a limited shelf life that can be extended by vacuum freeze-drying. Cryoprotectants are used to increase the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying. The most effective cryoprotectants are those of natural origin. Literature offers little information on the cryoprotective effects of fruit and vegetable purees. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fruit and vegetable purees in increasing the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during the freeze-drying and storage of fermented milk products. We studied bioyogurt samples containing pumpkin, fig, and banana purees. Rational modes of freezing and freeze-drying were established on the basis of thermal analysis. The cryoscopic temperature was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The proportion of frozen moisture was calculated using the Nagaoka formula. Standard methods were employed to evaluate the sensory characteristics of bioyogurts and determine their protein, fat, and non-fat milk solids contents, as well as titratable acidity and microbiological indicators. The addition of pumpkin puree increased the cryoscopic temperature and reduced the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 13 h, depending on the amount of puree. However, the addition of sweet fig and banana purees decreased the cryoscopic temperature and increased the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 0.5–1.5 and 1.5–3 h, respectively. Based on the sensory evaluation of the freeze-dried bioyogurts, we selected the formulations with 15% of pumpkin and fig purees and 10% of banana puree. We found that the freeze-dried bioyogurts with puree had higher counts of lactic acid bacteria compared to the control. In the freeze-dried samples, the counts were higher at a storage temperature of 4 ± 2°C than at 20 ± 2°C. Pumpkin puree provided the best survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying and storage.

The article presents experimental material on the study of the seeding rate for various nutrition backgrounds on the development of spring soft wheat and spelt wheat, the nature of stem formation, which has an important effect on the formation of grain yield. The purpose of this work is to study the reaction of spring wheat species to the level of application of mineral fertilizers at different seeding rates in the conditions of gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field studies were carried out on the territory of Agrobiotechnopark LLC of the Kazan State Agrarian University. The material for research is spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties Ulyanovsk 105 and Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda and spelt wheat (Triticum dicoccum) varieties Srednevolzhskaya and Fleece. In 2022, meterological conditions during the growing season of spring wheat were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and temperature conditions. During the entire growing season of spring wheat, 158.9 precipitation fell (GTK-1.35). The formation of the agrocenosis of spring wheat species is mainly determined by seeding rates, as well as field germination and biological resistance of plants during the growing season. At both nutrition levels, as the seeding rate increases from 4 to 7 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the number of seedlings of both soft and spelt wheat increases. On control (natural background) soft wheat varieties Ulyanovsk 105 from 347 to 539 pcs / m2, fertilized version 344-534 pcs / m2, Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda 340-528 pcs / m2 and 336-522 pcs / m2, respectively, fertilization increased the yield of both types of wheat at all seeding rates: soft wheat varieties Ulyanovsk 105 at 4 million 0.93 tons, 5 million - 1.15 tons, 6 million - 1.17 tons and 7 million - 1.16 tons per ha. Varieties Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda 1.08; 1.1, 1.1; and 1.15 t/ha, respectively. Spelt wheat of the Srednevolzhskaya variety has 0.14; 0.34; 0.45 and 0.3 t/ha per ha. Fleece 0.37; 0.23; 0.22 and 0.35 t / ha, respectively. The highest yield of both types of spring wheat for the studied varieties in the growing season of 2022 was formed both on the control and on the fertilized version of the experiment when sowing 5 million. germinating seeds per 1 hectare.

The article deals with the problem of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the construction sector, since these systems are not being actively implemented, though AI capabilities can significantly simplify the entire process of erecting buildings and structures, including the development of improved business plans, adjusting the progress of the project directly on the construction site, making suggestions for management decisions in case of deviations from schedules and logistics plans. The experience of Chinese and domestic construction organizations in this area has been studied. A scheme for the implementation of an artificial intelligence system in construction production has been developed, the necessary resources for the development of machine learning in this area have been analyzed. It is concluded that for correct decision-making it is necessary to apply the principles of discrete mathematics, in particular, the distribution of expert assessments accepted as linguistic variables on the Harrington desirability scale with the construction of the membership function.

Introduction: One of the key elements of the infectious disease surveillance system is microbiological monitoring of contamination of environmental objects and health care personnel hands. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, virology testing of swabs from hospital objects and personal protective equipment of workers of infectious disease hospitals for patients with COVID-19 has acquired special importance. According to the current regulatory documents, however, greater priority in microbiological monitoring is given to determination and identification of bacterial pathogens, thus necessitating the development and implementation of an advanced technique of a simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination. Objective: To compare different environmental surface sampling techniques used to assess viral and bacterial contamination. Materials and methods: Samples for environmental swab testing were collected in accordance with the “Scheme for sampling environmental swabs for simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination” patented by the authors (Industrial Design Patent No. 132971 of September 5, 2022). We applied bacteriological, molecular genetic, and statistical methods in the study. Results: Overall, 343 wipe samples were tested, of which 68 were atypical (two 38-swab portions, 11.1 % each, contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA and opportunistic microorganisms). Among the opportunistic microorganisms, 42 bacterial strains were identified, including 16 strains of Enterococcus faecalis (38.1 %), 9 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.4 %), 7 strains of Escherichia coli (16.7 %), 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium (7.1 %), 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %), 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9 %), and 2 strains of Pantoea agglomerans (4.9 %). Eleven variants of viral and bacterial associations were identified. The comparison of environmental swabbing performed by the technique under study with that performed by the standard method, based on test results, indicated a significant 11.1 and 12.3-fold difference in the proportion of non-standard findings for SARS-CoV-2 and opportunistic microorganisms, respectively. Conclusions: The study results prove that our technique of environmental swabbing meets all modern requirements and facilitates an objective assessment of the level of viral and bacterial contamination of the study objects. This approach can be used for laboratory testing within state and industrial control at institutions of various specialties (healthcare, food industry, childcare facilities, etc.).

This cross-sectional study assesses the validity of using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code for melasma appended to a clinic visit to identify adult patients meeting diagnostic criteria for melasma.