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This study was an initial qualitative exploration to (a) capture varied experiences of racial microaggressions directed at Chinese immigrant women before and during Covid and (b) investigate different forms and levels of microaggressions based on socioeconomic status, age, and other characteristics. Racial microaggressions were examined by interviewing 12 foreign‐born, Chinese immigrant women aged 23 to 80 years old, with most of the participants identified as middle class or above. Building upon previous scholarship on racial and gendered microaggressions, an analytical framework was developed using 12 major themes to identify and interpret discriminatory behaviors. Our main findings suggest that the research sample encountered more blatant hate incidents and expressed heightened concern over their physical safety in the post‐Covid period. Young women, compared to their older counterparts, were more inclined to report microaggression episodes and distinguish more subtle forms of discrimination. These findings could serve as preliminary evidence for future research.

Background:HIV positivity and stigmatization among the mentally ill appears to be a complex subject of discuss among researchers. The prevalence of HIV among the mentally ill appears to be higher in some population and lower in others with varying patterns of stigmatization. Aim:This study determined the prevalence of HIV positivity and pattern of stigmatization among a population of mentally ill patients attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among attendees of Neuropsychiatric Outpatient Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and other factors were self-administered to 75 mentally ill patients attending the out-patient clinic following ethical clearance. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results:Majority of the respondents were male (81%), single (76.0%), and between the ages of 21 and 30 (44%). Majority (86.7%) had knowledge about HIV counseling and testing while those with no knowledge about HIV counseling and testing constituted 9.3%. Majority (76%) tested for HIV, while a minority (17.3%) did not. Within the last two years, majority (52%) had tested for HIV. Majority (25.3%) felt normal, 5.3% sad, while 1.3% felt very sad on learning about their HIV-positive status. HIV positive individuals, who have not been stigmatized because of their status constituted the majority (32%), while those that have been stigmatized constituted 4.0%. Conclusion:Majority of the mentally ill patients had knowledge about HIV counseling and testing, got tested, felt normal on learning about their HIV positive status, and were not stigmatized because of their status.

Ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireyler genel olarak toplumda tehlikeli ve uzak durulması gereken kişiler olarak görülmektedirler. Toplum tarafından korkulan ve ayrıştırılan bu bireyler gerekli tedavilere ulaşma konusunda isteksizlik yaşamakta, sosyal hayatlarından kopmakta ve çoğu zaman yalnız bırakılmaktadırlar. Çoğunlukla da karşılaştıkları tutum nedeniyle izole bir hayat sürmek zorunda kalmaktadırlar. Ruhsal bozukluğu olan hastalar damgalanmanın bir etkisi olarak bazen suçla ilişkilendirilmekte bazen de suçun bizzat kurbanı olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede literatür taraması yoluyla ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireylerde damgalanmanın neden olduğu olumsuz durumlar ve damgalanma ile suç kavramı arasındaki ilişki üzerinde durulmuştur. Derleme, hastalıkları nedeniyle toplumdan soyutlanan bu bireylerin toplumun bir parçası olduğunun ve olumlu tutumlarla birlikte daha fazla rehabilite olabilecekleri yönünde farkındalığın artması açışından önemlidir., Individuals with mental disorders are generally seen as dangerous and should be avoided in the society. These individuals, who are feared and separated by the society, are reluctant to reach the necessary treatments, are disconnected from their social lives and are often left alone. Mostly, they have to lead an isolated life because of the attitude they face. As an effect of stigma, patients with mental disorders may sometimes associated with crime or be victims of crime themselves. In this review, the negative situations caused by stigma among patients with mental disorders and the relationship between stigma and the concept of crime were emphasized through literature review. The review is important in terms of increasing awareness that these individuals who are isolated from the society due to their diseases are a part of the society and that they can be more rehabilitated with positive attitudes.

Childhood cancer survival is increasing in low- and middle-income countries like Kenya, which comes with a new healthcare challenge: late effects and quality-of-life of survivors. A case was studied to depict a Kenyan Hodgkin lymphoma survivor, illustrating some of the childhood cancer survivors' difficulties in Kenya. Late effects of therapy, stigmatization and social reintegration were explored. The investigators reviewed medical records and used semi-structured interviews and stigma assessments using the Social Impact Scale. The survivor developed severe pulmonary hypertension during treatment with ABVD and salvage protocols. Three years after treatment, the patient experienced chemotherapy-induced late effects (chronic heart disease) that hindered personal care, social activities and job opportunities and required follow-up. Stigmatization by the community burdened his family life and marital prospects. This case report is one of the first that testifies of combined medical and psychosocial challenges that childhood cancer survivors may face in sub-Saharan Africa and underlines the need for a holistic approach.

Mehrere lokale Fallstudien verweisen übereinstimmend darauf, dass sich im Zusammenhang mit der sogenannten EU-Südosterweiterung 2007 europaweit ein neuer Rassismus herausgebildet hat. Dieser neue Rassismus richtete und richtet sich in Deutschland in erster Linie gegen eine als "Armutszuwanderung" stigmatisierte EU-Migration rumänischer und bulgarischer "Roma". Obwohl dieser "Armutszuwanderungsdiskurs" insbesondere in urbanen Räumen wirkt, sind die damit verbundenen Praktiken, Routinen und Strategien kommunaler Akteur:innen im deutschsprachigen Kontext bisher wenig erforscht. An dieses Forschungsdesiderat anknüpfend stellt dieser Beitrag empirische Befunde aus einem Forschungsprojekt über die Mechanismen des institutionellen Antiziganismus in einer westdeutschen Großstadt vor. Im Kern verweisen die Forschungsergebnisse auf völlig unangemessene institutionelle Routinen kommunaler Verwaltungen, während Handlungs- und Ermessensspielräume systematisch zum Nachteil von als "Roma" gelabelten EU-Migrant:innen ausgelegt werden. Handlungsleitend ist hierbei ein teils versteckter, teils offener antiziganistischer Gefahrendiskurs, wodurch die soziale und rechtliche Teilhabe ungewünschter Newcomer:innen an der Stadtgesellschaft nachhaltig verhindert wird. As previous local case studies indicate, a new racism has emerged Europe-wide in the context of EU south-east enlargement 2007 especially in the local and municipal sphere. In the German case this new racism is primarily directed against an EU-internal migration of Romanian and Bulgarian "Roma" stigmatized as "poverty immigration". Nevertheless, related practices, routines and strategies of municipal actors have hardly been researched so far for the German context. Following up on this desideratum, this article presents empirical findings from a research project on the mechanisms of institutional Antigypsyism in a large West German city. Based on extensive fieldwork the research results refer to inappropriate institutional practices that can be understood as municipal strategies of securitizing and racializing EU migrants labelled as "Roma".

This study compared internalized stigmatization levels of adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with those of their parents. The study’s data were collected from 107 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and their parents between July 2020 and March 2021. The adolescents were followed up in the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university hospital in western Turkey. The information forms for adolescents and parents, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale—Adolescent Form (ISMI-AF) and the Parental Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (PISMI), were used to collect the data. There was no statistically significant difference between the total scores of internalized stigma and subscale mean scores of the adolescents and their parents (p > 0.05); only the subscale scores for stereotype endorsement were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). PISMI scores affected ISMI-AF scores, which can be interpreted as parents’ perspectives and attitudes toward stigmatization affecting adolescents. For ADHD, whose frequency is increasing daily, intervention studies should be conducted to reduce adolescents’ and parents’ internalized stigma and to enhance the educational outcomes of adolescents.

This article presents the authors’ collaboration with a former gang leader, referred to as X, as part of a research project exploring identity transformation and mo(ve)ments beyond gang engagement. The project is based on a multilayered transmethodological approach that involves different embodied researcher positionalities and theoretical engagements, and a merging of diverse research fields. The exploration of the different movements and changes in X’s life is based on transmethodological mo(ve)ment ethnography, exploring mo(ve)ments of transformation of identity, engagement and community in the everyday life of X, who is striving to become a good, practicing Muslim. Transmethodological mo(ve)ment ethnography makes it possible to go into depth with key moments of change in a subject’s life and pursue them from different theoretical perspectives by integrating and transgressing concepts, analytical gazes and positionalities. To analyze and understand the former gang leader’s life and process of transformation, we utilize poststructuralist and decolonial theory and integrate these approaches with those of social practice theory and critical psychology. Through an exploration of key mo(ve)ments in X’s life story and our collaboration, we examine how we as researchers are able to transverse different theoretical and embodied positionings, analyzing transmethodology as closely linked to the positioning of the researcher. By exploring our different and overlapping theoretical, analytical and embodied positionings, we demonstrate how a transmethodological approach can enrich analytical processes, pointing towards an emancipatory form of research. This article presents the authors’ collaboration with a former gang leader, referred to as X, as part of a research project exploring identity transformation and mo(ve)ments beyond gang engagement. The project is based on a multilayered transmethodological approach that involves different embodied researcher positionalities and theoretical engagements, and a merging of diverse research fields. The exploration of the different movements and changes in X’s life is based on transmethodological mo(ve)ment ethnography, exploring mo(ve)ments of transformation of identity, engagement and community in the everyday life of X, who is striving to become a good, practicing Muslim. Transmethodological mo(ve)ment ethnography makes it possible to go into depth with key moments of change in a subject’s life and pursue them from different theoretical perspectives by integrating and transgressing concepts, analytical gazes and positionalities. To analyze and understand the former gang leader’s life and process of transformation, we utilize poststructuralist and decolonial theory and integrate these approaches with those of social practice theory and critical psychology. Through an exploration of key mo(ve)ments in X’s life story and our collaboration, we examine how we as researchers are able to transverse different theoretical and embodied positionings, analyzing transmethodology as closely linked to the positioning of the researcher. By exploring our different and overlapping theoretical, analytical and embodied positionings, we demonstrate how a transmethodological approach can enrich analytical processes, pointing towards an emancipatory form of research.

Studies have shown that romantic partners in consensual non-monogamous (CNM) relationships are targets of stigmatization. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the conditions under which such stigmatization occurs. In two experimental studies (combined N = 772), we asked participants to read the description of two partners in a relationship (monogamous vs. open relationship vs. polyamorous) and make a series of judgments about those partners. Overall results showed that CNM (vs. monogamous) partners were perceived as less trustworthy and as having more sexual health concerns (Studies 1 and 2), and as being less committed and less sexually satisfied (Study 2). Results from a conditional mediation analysis (Study 2) further showed that participants with negative attitudes toward consensual non-monogamy perceived CNM (vs. monogamous) partners as having less conservation and more openness to change values, which was then associated with more stigmatization. In contrast, participants with positive attitudes toward consensual non-monogamy perceived CNM (vs. monogamous) partners as having more openness to change values, which was then associated with less stigmatization. Taken together, these results extended the literature focused on prejudice, discrimination, and stigmatization of minority groups and highlighted key elements that can be used to buffer stigmatization. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Purpose: Various problems related to the gender-affirming therapy (GAT) can adversely affect both the physical and mental health of people diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD). In this study, we aimed to highlight the reasons for loss to follow-up during the gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), which is an important component of GAT. Methods: People diagnosed with GD who were followed for GAHT between January 2014 and June 2019 (female-to-male: 349; male-to-female: 89) were enrolled. The prepared questionnaire was administered to participants at routine follow-up visits. We arranged tele-interviews for those who did not attend the follow-up visits. Results: During GAHT process, the health problems most frequently reported by people diagnosed with GD were related to mental health. The most important factors in regular follow-up were the completion of legal procedures in Turkey required for GAT and citizenship alteration, financial barriers, lack of time for clinical visits, and dissatisfaction with health care setting. In addition, we found that the frequency of desire for supervised GAHT and family support were higher in regularly followed people diagnosed with GD. On the contrary, self-initiation of GAHT and mental disorders were more common in people diagnosed with GD lost to follow-up. Conclusion: The present study provides important information regarding the reasons for loss to follow-up during GAT in Turkey. Elucidation of reasons for loss to follow-up can aid in identifying the gaps in medical care, improve compliance, and outcomes of people diagnosed with GD.

Police officers historically suffer from higher rates of suicide, alcohol and substance abuse, relationship troubles, and other physical and mental health issues than the general population. Over the past several decades, law enforcement agencies have turned to employee assistance programs (EAPs) and wellness programs to help their members manage and mitigate the negative effects of stress commonly associated with the profession. But how well do EAPs and wellness programs work for the law enforcement community? To answer this question, this thesis utilized a structured, focused comparative multi-case study. Five police departments from across the United States were examined to determine program relevancy, adequacy of implementation, barriers and enablers, and efficacy. This study found that none of the five departments collects and analyzes data on how many of its members use the services or for what reasons they are seeking services. Without the collection and analysis of data consequently, the departments cannot reliably demonstrate that their EAP and wellness programs benefit department members. It is recommended law enforcement EAP and wellness programs develop and implement a standard method of collecting, analyzing, and sharing data. It is possible to collect data without compromising confidentiality and only once these data are available can EAPs ensure that they are best serving members of the law enforcement community. Civilian, Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Dept. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

RESUMEN: En este documento se propone un modelo análisis performativo de los hechos tipificados como “justicia por mano propia”. Se cuestiona la noción de “violencia” como factor explicativo y, contrastantemente, se considera que estas manifestaciones pueden analizarse como dramatizaciones sociales que producen y recrean una imagen problematizada del “nosotros”. Se rastrean entonces diferentes narrativas constatativas, valoraciones normativas disímiles y perspectivas normativo acusatoriales que permiten comprender la manera en que estos fenómenos se constituyen en hechos sociales significativos en dos unidades de estudio (México y Colombia). “Justiça pelas próprias mãos” como performance moral na Colômbia e no México: Perspectivas analíticas para um modelo pragmático de “violência” na teoria social contemporânea propõe um modelo performativo de análise dos acontecimentos tipificados como “justiça pelas próprias mãos”. Questiona a noção de “violência” como fator explicativo e, em contraste, considera que estas manifestações podem ser analisadas como dramatizações sociais que produzem e recriam uma imagem problematizada de “nós”. Diferentes narrativas constatativas, avaliações normativas diferentes e perspectivas normativo-acusatórias são então traçadas para compreender a forma como estes fenômenos são constituídos como eventos sociais significativos em duas unidades de estudo (México e Colômbia). ‘Law Into One’s Own Hands’ as a Moral Performance in Colombia and Mexico: Analytical Perspectives for a Pragmatic Model of ‘Violence’ in Contemporary Social Theory proposes a performative model of analysis of the facts typified as “justice into one’s own hands”. It questions the notion of “violence” as an explanatory factor and, in contrast, considers that these manifestations can be analyzed as social dramatizations that produce and recreate a problematized image of “us”. Different constatative narratives, dissimilar normative valuations and accusatory normative perspectives are then traced in order to understand the way in which these phenomena are constituted as significant social facts in two study units (Mexico and Colombia).

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) causes significant physical, social, and psychological burdens. Internalized stigma, acceptance of negative attitudes and stereotypes of society regarding a person's illness, has not been studied previously in HS. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the internalized stigma state of HS patients and identify the factors affecting it. Methods: This multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study included 731 patients. Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS), Hurley staging, Physician Global Assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex-16, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain score were used in the study. Results: The mean ISS value (57.50 +/- 16.90) was comparable to the mean ISS values of studies in visible dermatological and various psychiatric diseases. A significant correlation was found between the mean values of ISS and all disease activity scores, quality of life measures, BDI-II, and VAS-pain scores. Obesity, family history, low education and income level, vulva/scrotum involvement and being actively treated are significant and independent predictive factors for high internalized stigma in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HS patients internalize society's negative judgements, which may create a profound negative effect on access to health care. Therefore, in addition to suppressing disease activity, addressing internalized stigma is fundamental for improving health care quality.

Māszinības Veselības aprūpe Nursing Studies Health Care Psihiskā veselība ir svarīga un neatņemama veselības komponente, kuras laikā cilvēks spēj tikt galā ar ikdienas stresu, produktīvi strādāt un sniegt ieguldījumu sabiedrībā (WHO, 2018). Stigma ir visbiežāk sastopamais šķērslis psihiatriskās palīdzības meklēšanā un galvenais diskriminācijas un atstumšanas iemesls, kas ietekmē cilvēku pašvērtējumu, sagrauj ģimenes attiecības, ierobežo komunikācijas iespējas un darbspēju. Stigmatizācija veselības aprūpē sakarā ar psihiskās veselības traucējumiem ir nozīmīgs šķērslis ārstēšanas, atveseļošanās periodā. Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot pacientu ar psihiskās veselības traucējumiem stigmatizāciju veselības aprūpē strādājošo māsu vidū. Lai pētījuma mērķi sasniegtu tika izmantota kvantitatīva pētījuma metode. Tika anketēti 328 respondenti (272 māsas no daudzprofilu slimnīcas un 56 māsas no psihoneiroloģiskās slimnīcas), izmantojot Latvijā adaptētu instrumentu “Ar psihisko veselību saistītas stigmas novērtējums Latvijas funkcionālo speciālistu populācijā”. Tika izvirzīta hipotēze, ka daudzprofilu slimnīcā strādājošām māsām ir augstāka pacientu ar psihiskās veselības traucējumiem stigmatizācija kā psihiatriskā stacionārā strādājošām māsām. Veicot daudzprofilu slimnīcā un psihoneiroloģiskā slimnīcā strādājošo māsu salīdzinājumu, tika noskaidrots, ka daudzprofilu slimnīcā strādājošām māsām bija augstāks stigmatizācijas līmenis pret pacientiem ar psihiskās veselības traucējumiem (mediānais stigmas līmenis 44,0) nekā psihoneiroloģiskā slimnīcā (mediānais stigmas līmenis 34,0). Darbs sastāv no 42 lapaspusēm, 15 attēliem, 5 pielikumiem. Mental health is an important and integral component of health, in scope of which a person is able to deal with everyday stress, work productively and contribute to society (WHO, 2018). Stigma is the most common barrier for searching psychiatric help and the main cause of discrimination and exclusion, affecting people's self estimation, undermining family relationships, limiting communication opportunities and ability to work. Stigmatization in health care due to mental health disorders is a significant obstacle in the period of treatment, recovery. The aim of the study was to find out the stigma of patients with mental health disorders among nurses working in health care. A quantitative research method was used to achieve the objective of the study. 328 respondents (272 nurses from a multi-profile hospital and 56 nurses from a psychoneurological hospital) were surveyed using the instrument the Latvian version of the adapted tool Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers. It was hypothesized that nurses working in a multi-profile hospital have a higher stigmatization of patients with mental health disorders as nurses working in a psychiatric hospital. When comparing nurses in a multi-profile hospital and a psychiatric hospital, it was found that nurses in a multi-profile hospital had a higher level of stigma against patients with mental health disorders (median stigma level 44.0) than in a psychiatric hospital (median stigma level 34.0). The work consists of 42 pages, 15 pictures, 5 attachments.

Veselības psiholoģija Psiholoģija Health psychology Psychology Maģistra darba tēma ir “Seksuālās vardarbības upuru stigmatizācija Latvijā”. Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, kā seksuālās vardarbības upuri izjūt stigmatizāciju Latvijā. Pētījuma dizains ir vairāku gadījumu analīze. Pētījumā tika izvirzīti četri jautājumi: kā seksuālu vardarbību piedzīvojuši cilvēki raksturo seksuālu vardarbību piedzīvojušu cilvēku stigmatizāciju Latvijā; kādi ir izplatītākie seksuālās vardarbības upuru stigmatizācijas veidi; kas ir bijis personīgi uztvertās stigmatizācijas avots sabiedrībā un kā šī stigmatizācija ir iespaidojusi viņu rīcību pēc piedzīvotās vardarbības. Pētījumā piedalījās deviņas sievietes vecumā no 26 līdz 46 gadiem (M=32). Datu ieguvei tika izmantotas daļēji strukturētas intervijas. Datu analīzei tika izmantota kvalitatīvā induktīvā kontentanalīze. Datu analīzes rezultātā tika secināts, ka seksuālās vardarbības upuru stigmatizācijai Latvijā ir deviņas dimensijas – “Vardarbības slēpšana”, “Sevis apšaubīšana un vainošana”, “Vardarbības neapzināšanās”, “Institucionāla stigmatizācija”, “Retraumatizācija”, “Personīgās pieredzes devalvēšana”, “Dzimumu stereotipi un aizspriedumi”, “Neticība cietušajam” un “Novēršanās no cietušā”. Biežākie seksuālās vardarbības upuru stigmatizācijas veidi bija “Vardarbības slēpšana”, “Novēršanās no cietušā” un “Dzimumu stereotipi un aizspriedumi”. Pētījumā tika secināts, ka personīgi uztvertās stigmatizācijas avoti bijuši četri – pašstigmatizācija, institucionāla stigmatizācija, tieša komunikācija un publiskā komunikācija, tomēr jāmin, ka arī sabiedrībā pastāvošās attieksmes un aizspriedumi būtu uzskatāms par uztvertās stigmatizācijas avotu. Seksuālu vardarbību piedzīvojušu cilvēku stigmatizācija cietušo rīcību ietekmē vairākos veidos – bieži pēc piedzīvotās vardarbības cietušie nav zinājuši, kā viņiem vajadzētu rīkoties, stigmatizācija veicina to, ka piedzīvotā vardarbība tiek noklusēta, tāpat tā arī iespaidojusi cietušo attiecības ar līdzcilvēkiem. Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka bieži seksuālu vardarbību piedzīvojuši cilvēki savu pieredzi noklusē, tādēļ darbā sniegtas arī rekomendācijas speciālistiem, kas ar seksuālās vardarbības upuriem strādā, tiesībsargājošajām iestādēm un mediju darbiniekiem. The topic of this Master's thesis is “Stigmatization of victims of sexual violence in Latvia”. The aim of the study was to investigate how victims of sexual violence experience stigmatization in Latvia. The research design is a multiple case analysis. Four research questions were raised in the study: how do people who have experienced sexual violence describe stigmatization of people who have experienced sexual violence in Latvia; what are the most common forms of stigmatization of victims of sexual violence; what has been the source of personally perceived stigmatization in society and how this stigmatization has affected their actions after experiencing violence. Nine women aged 26 to 46 (M=32) participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. The data analysis revealed that the sexual violence victims' stigmatization in Latvia has nine dimensions – “Concealing the violence”, “Self-doubt and self-blame”, “Unawareness of the violence”, “Institutional stigmatization”, “Retraumatization”, “Devaluation of personal experience”, “Gender stereotypes and prejudices”, “Disbelieving violence victim” and “Avoiding the victim”. The most common types of stigmatization of victims of sexual violence were “Concealing the violence”, "Avoiding the victim” and “Gender stereotypes and prejudices”. The study concluded that there were four sources of personally perceived stigmatization – self-stigmatization, institutional stigmatization, direct communication and public communication, however, it should be noted that perceptions and prejudices prevailing in the society should also be considered as a source of perceived stigmatization. Stigmatization of people who have experienced sexual violence has affected actions of the victims in several ways – often after experiencing violence victims had not known what the best course of action would be, stigmatization contributed to the fact that the experienced violence remained undisclosed, and it also affected victims' relationships with other people. The results of the study show that people who have experienced sexual violence often hide their experiences, therefore the thesis also provides recommendations for specialists who work with people who have experienced sexual violence, as well as for law enforcement, authorities and media workers.

The challenging and reframing of dominant narratives have been recognized as crucial to the regeneration of stigmatized areas. This article builds upon a digital storytelling process in the social estate of Peterbos, Brussels, to investigate how the counterstories of inhabitants challenge the “master narrative.” The counterstories foreground the spatial agency of tenants, the (dis)enabling role of space, and the difficult relationship with social housing companies. The article concludes that counterstories not only reveal dominant spatial imaginaries about high-rise estates but also have the potential to foster a more situated and experiential understanding of the relationship between people and space. However, it is important to note that digital storytelling is not a substitute for inclusive planning. Critical engagement with ongoing planning processes remains crucial.

The aim of this pilot study is to assess the level of stigmatization of different social groups in US-American society in order to form a rank order of these groups for use in further research. We define stigmatization as the process of labeling, stereotyping, and devaluation that leads to status loss and discrimination of social groups (Link & Phelan, 2001). We thus operationalized stigmatization as the level of relative devaluation and perceived socioeconomic status of each group.

The aim of our research is to explore the factors that influence subjective-objective well-being and medication compliance in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. In this context, we investigate the impact of stigmatization and anticipated discrimination on quality of life, compliance and functionality of patients.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es zu beantworten, welche Faktoren dazu beitragen, dass Frauen in Familien- und Paarbeziehungen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten Gewalt ausüben. Hierzu sollen neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen und bestehende Erkenntnisse zu Gewalt von Frauen in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen, gegen Kinder und in der informellen Pflege verknüpft werden. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wird die Gewalt durch Frauen übergeordnet betrachtet und anhand von Literaturanalysen und Expert*inneninterviews in den gewählten Kontexten untersucht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus beiden Erhebungsmethoden werden für die jeweiligen Kontexte zusammengefasst und anschließend in einer Synthese zusammengeführt. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie zeigen, dass die Ursachen von Gewalt durch Frauen multifaktoriell und Ebenen übergreifend sind. Die Gewalt kommt in sämtlichen Schichten und Formen vor. Sie kann als Reaktionsverhalten auftreten, durch Belastungen entstehen und ist abhängig von der Beziehung zum Gegenüber und der erlernten und erlebten Gewaltkultur. Das gesellschaftliche Rollenbild und die Vorstellung von Weiblichkeit konnten als weitere gewaltbedingende Ursache identifiziert werden, welche einen starken Einfluss auf die Art der Ausübung und den Umgang mit der Gewalt durch Frauen hat. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Faktoren von Gewalt durch Frauen in Familien- und Paarbeziehungen vielschichtig und komplex sind und genaue Entstehungszusammenhänge sowohl auf individueller als auch auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene untersucht werden müssen. Hierzu appelliert die Studie, dass tiefergehende Forschungen zu Ursachenzusammenhängen und zusätzlichen Gewaltkontexten durchgeführt werden müssen, um den Diskurs zu Gewalt durch Frauen zu enttabuisieren und zu entstigmatisieren. Nur durch ein prozesshaftes, wissenschaftlich fundiertes Vorgehen können passende Präventionsangebote und Unterstützungsleistungen für gewaltausübende Frauen entwickelt werden.

Cuba é um país singular para se olhar as tensões raciais por diferentes razões. Essa singularidade está diretamente relacionada com este ser o único país das Américas que não apenas realizou uma revolução socialista, mantida há mais de 60 anos, mas também por, apesar de ser o penúltimo país no continente a abolir a escravidão negra, decretar nos primeiros anos da Revolução de 1959 a extinção de toda forma de discriminação racial no país. Porém a efetividade desta ação é contestada por diversos pesquisadores sobre as questões raciais em Cuba pós-revolução. Durante minhas visitas à ilha, pude perceber a persistência do racismo na sua relação com os locais de moradia da parcela negra da população cubana, que mobiliza os medos e ansiedades daqueles que nelas não residem. Lugares-territórios que são marcados racialmente como territórios palestinos, espaços em que são produzidos estigmas raciais em peles negras e brancas. Cuba is a unique country to look at racial tensions for different reasons. This uniqueness is directly related to this being the only country in the Americas that not only carried out a socialist revolution, maintained for more than 60 years, but also because, despite being the penultimate country on the continent to abolish black slavery, it decreed in the first years of the 1959 Revolution the extinction of all forms of racial discrimination in the country. However, the effectiveness of this action is contested by several researchers on racial issues in post-revolution Cuba. During my visits to the island, I could see the persistence of racism in its relationship with the places where the black Cuban population lives, which mobilizes the fears and anxieties of those who do not live there. Places-territories that are racially marked as Palestinian territories, spaces in which racial stigmas are produced in black and white skins.

The aim of the work is to study the prevalence of alcohol consumption and features of alcoholic behavior among working urban women with different professional and social status. The situation with the involvement of various groups of women in alcohol consumption is analyzed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative long – term studies conducted by the team of Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behavior of ISRAS – FCTAS RAS. The article analyzes the features of alcoholic behavior – the regularity and intensity of alcohol consumption, the structure of consumed alcoholic beverages – among women leaders, specialists with higher education without subordinates, women employees and workers of various qualifications. The main motives of alcohol consumption in these groups were revealed. It is shown that, despite the recorded positive trend of recent years towards a decrease in alcoholism among women in large cities, the nature of alcohol consumption in some socio-professional groups of women has changed significantly. Business women with a high social status who drink alcohol have a heavier alcohol habits. The article considered the influence of the epidemic of coronavirus infection and the self-isolation regimeintroduced by the government of the Russian Federation in spring of 2020 on alcoholic behavior of women with different socio-professional status. It was found that according to many indicators of alcoholic behavior, business women represent a high-risk group. The factors contributing to the alcoholization of business women are identified, the role of alcohol in their life, the motives of consumption are considered. It is shown that significant factors of alcoholization of business women and women-leaders are the need to follow the business culture with its inherent practice of alcohol consumption, the desirability of a woman’s compliance with opposing social norms, as well as work stress. In an effort to adapt to the current difficult conditions, business women resort to alcohol.&nbsp

L’Organisation populaire des droits sociaux (OPDS) de Montréal est un organisme en défense collective des droits des personnes assistées sociales qui a conservé l’esprit « par et pour » des premiers groupes populaires. L’équipe de travail, composée de militant.e.s salarié.e.s et bénévoles, a développé des pratiques démocratiques ainsi que des stratégies de résistance aux préjugés, au mépris et à des politiques d’aide sociale punitives, stigmatisantes et de surveillance. Peu documentées, ces pratiques en défense collective des droits permettent de questionner certaines notions importantes en travail social, dont l’empowerment et l’interdépendance., L’Organisation populaire des droits sociaux of Montreal is a social welfare advocacy organization, which today appears original in having kept « by and for » spirit of the pioneering grassroots organisations. We met the staff, which consists of volunteers and paid activists, who spoke to us about their democratic practices, as well as their strategies of resistance to prejudice and to welfare policies that are punitive, stigmatizing and based on surveillance. Lacking in documentation, social advocacy practices such as this one, may compel us to question some important notions in social work, such as empowerment and interdependancy.

Makale, pandeminin yaşlı göçmen kadınların yalnızlık ve damgalanma deneyimleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemede göçmenlik statüsü, sosyal izolasyon ve algılanan sosyal desteğin açıklayıcı katkılarını incelemenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ortak araştırmacılar, Gaziantep'te 15 Suriyeli kadın ve Muğla'da 6 Britanyalı kadınla derinlemesine görüşme ve gözlem teknikleri kullanarak görüşmüşlerdir. Araştırma kapsamında yaşlı göçmen kadınların etnik köken, inanç, sınıf gibi konumlarına bağlı olarak yalnızlığı farklı deneyimledikleri ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca bireysel ve toplulukçu temelli yaşam biçimlerinin Covid-19 sürecinde katılımcıların yalnızlık ve sosyal izolasyon deneyim ve algılarında farklılıklara yol açtığı görülmüştür. Toplumsal cinsiyet, etnik köken ve göç gibi faktörlerin kesişimi, özellikle Suriyeli göçmen kadınlar arasında farklı damgalanma kalıplarına yol açmıştır. Pandeminin sadece bir sağlık krizi değil, aynı zamanda bir sosyal kriz olduğunu kabul eden çalışma yaş, kadınlık ve göçün kesiştiği noktada yaşanan deneyimlerin sosyal krizler sırasında ne gibi sonuçlar doğurabileceğine dair içgörüler sağlıyor., The article highlights the importance of examining the explanatory contributions of migration status, social isolation, and perceived social support in studying the impact of the pandemic on older immigrant women’s experiences of loneliness and stigmatization. In this study, the co-researchers interviewed 15 Syrian women in Gaziantep and 6 British women in Muğla using in-depth interviews and observational techniques. It suggests that loneliness is experienced differently by older immigrant women depending on their position such as ethnicity, faith, class. It also shows that individualistic and collectivistic views of life lead to differences in the experience and perception of loneliness and social isolation during the Covid 19 process. The intersection of factors such as gender, ethnicity, and immigration led to different patterns of stigmatization, especially among Syrian immigrant women. Recognizing that the pandemic is not only a health crisis but also a social crisis, the study provides insights into the manifestations that experiences at the intersection of age, femininity, and immigration can and do take on during social crises.

The aim of this first study is to analyze the influence of the grammatical form of group label (i.e., nouns vs. adjectives) on the essentialization of the characteristics associated to the target and their group, the perceived desirability of these characteristics and their prevalence (i.e., outgroup homogeneity).

Endometriosis is a complex disease that affects roughly 10% (190 million) of reproductive age women and girls globally, from the onset of their first period (menarche) through menopause regardless of ethnic origin or social status. It is a chronic disease associated with severe, life-impacting pain during periods, sexual intercourse, bowel movements and/or urination, chronic pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, fatigue, and sometimes depression, anxiety, and infertility. There is a need for more research and awareness raising around the world to ensure effective prevention, early diagnosis, and improved management of the disease. The study consists of a survey and an experiment. From the survey, we want to find predictors of endometriosis awareness. In the experiment, we will compare general information leaflets of endometriosis (EG1) and a leaflet including additional information about stigmatization of endometriosis (EG1) to a control group that does not get any information about endometriosis at all (CG). The dependent variables will be (1) knowledge, (2) stigmatization of endometriosis and (3) acceptance of policies in the working environment.

Introduction: Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (short: HIV-PrEP, PrEP) is a relatively new method of HIV prevention. It is a drug with which HIV-negative persons can protect themselves against HIV transmission, for example during condomless sex with an HIV-positive person. The development and introduction of the PrEP has been and continues to be accompanied by controversial professional and media debates. Previous studies have pointed to a predominantly negative framing of the PrEP in Anglo-American media reports. Objectives: Against the background of framing theory it was the aim of this study to work out how the HIV-PrEP is presented in German-language media contributions in the press, on the web and in Social Media. This involved the overall evaluation of the PrEP (generic PrEP framing), arguments in favor of and against PrEP (topic-specific PrEP sub-frames) as well as the PrEP target groups addressed. Methods: Using manual quantitative media content analysis, a sample of N = 150 press articles and N = 150 websites featuring the PrEP were examined with a codebook tested for reliability. In addition, PrEP-related content on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter was qualitatively explored. The study follows the Open Science approach: it was pre-registered and all instruments, datasets and statistical analysis scripts are available on the server of the Open Science Foundation (https://osf.io/as6bx/). Results: It was found that the PrEP appears in a more positive frame of meaning in German-language media than in Anglo-American media. Compared to the press articles, the PrEP was presented more positively on the examined websites. A stigmatization of PrEP users as irresponsible took place twice as often in the press as on the web. In both press and on the web, the most often mentioned PrEP target group were men who have sex with men. German-language PrEP information in Social Media is sometimes extremely rare (e. g. on YouTube). Conclusion: In order to advance the PrEP education of the general population, a more intensive and differentiated representation of the PrEP in old and new media is desirable. Key words: content analysis - HIV - mass media - pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) - social media

Ziel der Studie ist es, die mediale Darstellung der HIV-PrEP (HIV-Prae-Expositionsprophylaxe) in deutschsprachigen Medienbeitraegen in Presse, Web und Sozialen Medien zu untersuchen. Die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Studie basiert theoretisch primaer auf dem Framing-Ansatz und stuetzt sich zudem auf den bisherigen Forschungsstand zu medialen Repraesentationen und oeffentlichen Debatten zur HIV-PrEP (rund 20 empirische Studien, vor allem aus den USA).

Data and syntaxes

This research project is a vignette-based online survey which focuses on the perception and stigmatization of people with mental disorders based on their disorder and form of treatment. Participants are asked to carefully read the vignettes and answer questions about their desired social distance and emotional reactions towards the fictional person. The factors variated within the vignettes are the gender, the disorder, and the form of treatment of the described person. Moreover, participants must outline their associations with the forms of treatment presented to them. Another factor covered by this study is the direct contact participants had in the past with people with mental disorders as well as their own mental health history. Lastly participants have to fill out a questionnaire about their general attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. Reason for this particular project is the unrelenting stigmatization of people with mental disorders. The goal of this study is to identify differences and contributing factors within the stigmatization and thereby help to spread awareness and educate on the stigmatization of people with mental disorders.

This study analyzes if having a history of drug addiction reduces social support.

This article builds on the criticism of the international socialisation narrative which mistakenly represents compliance as socialisation and recognises agency only to the extent it fails to comply. It pertains to the argument that such a narrative can lead to stigmatisation which reinforces social orders characterised by specific hierarchies of power and spatial relations. The example of EU member states from Central Europe (CE) that went from "star pupils of norm adoption" to "misbehaving children of Europe" serves as a case study. The research of literature treating CE countries as socialisees and international organisations (OSCE, NATO and EU) as socialisers shows two things. Firstly, it demonstrates that CE countries internalised norms even before they complied with norm-based rules, which challenges views that (under) socialisation was (is) an issue with these states. Secondly, it shows that non-compliance of the CE countries did not have much to do with non-acceptance of norms as such. It was rather related to hypersensitivity towards specific norms and rules in a context of multiple crises with asymmetric effects for the CE countries. In this process, the EU and CE used (non)compliance to reinforce their identities, thus creating stigma (the EU) and the attempt to resist it or even wear it as the source of pride (CE).

Introduction. Patients with epilepsy, due to the presence of the chronic disorder, belong to deprived social groups. The results of many studies confirm the discrimination of patients with epilepsy on various social parameters, such as the availability of high-quality medical care, education and jobs. The settlement factor aggravates the deprived situation of patients with epilepsy and significantly affects their socio-psychological well-being. Based on the materials of the study conducted, the article identifies the interconnection between the characteristics of the place of residence of a patient with epilepsy, indicators of social exclusion, and the level of emotional-volitional and cognitive disorders. Materials and Methods. The data from a survey of 157 patients with epilepsy registered in neuropsychiatric dispensaries in Penza, Saransk, and Alatyr were used as materials for the study. The survey was conducted using the authors’ tools in May – December 2020 as formalized interviews. The results were processed using mathematical statistics methods in the SPSS software package. Results. The survey data have confirmed the stigmatization and deprivation of patients with epilepsy: they are less likely to marry, have limited opportunities for vocational education, and are more often unemployed. The settlement factor manifests itself in the unequal availability of modern medical services and provision of drugs, inclusive educational programs and opportunities for occupational socialization. The performed cluster analysis of the data has made it possible to single out three groups of respondents that differ significantly in terms of indicators and the degree of social exclusion: “educational deprivation”, “exclusion in the labor market” and “coping with stigma”. Analysis of these categories regarding the settlement factor shows that the share of the most deprived groups is inversely related to the population of the cities under study. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have drawn the conclusions that the availability of social integration mechanisms reduces the likelihood of developing negative consequences of epilepsy, and the corresponding opportunities are largely due to the size of the city. The data obtained can be used to identify categories of patients with similar social problems, which will facilitate more targeted emotional and instrumental support for patients with epilepsy, with regard to the settlement factor.

Weight stigma is rooted in a fundamental misunderstanding of the origins of obesity, wherein the interplay of behavioral, environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors is deemphasized. Instead, the widespread societal and cultural presence of weight stigma fosters misconceptions of obesity being solely a result of unhealthy personal choices. Weight stigma is pervasive in childhood and adolescence and can affect individuals throughout their life. Although the prevalence of pediatric obesity remains high throughout the world, it becomes increasingly important to understand how weight stigma affects weight and health outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, including in those with rare genetic diseases of obesity. We identified and reviewed recent literature (primarily published since 2000) on weight stigma in the pediatric setting. Articles were identified with search terms including pediatric obesity, weight bias, weight stigma, weight-based teasing and bullying, and weight bias in health care. In this narrative review, we discuss the stigma of pediatric obesity as it relates to the complex etiology of obesity as well as describe best practices for avoiding bias and perpetuating stigma in the health care setting.

This research aims to study the apprehension of living together in the current context of pandemic due to Covid-19 among CM2 students in Burkina Faso. A sample of 96 participants (52 girls vs 44 boys), moderately aged 12 ± 6 months was interviewed by questionnaire. The results show that participants have knowledge about barrier measures to combat Covid-19. Girls, more than boys, see these measures as instituting social distancing between individuals. However, these measures do not constitute an obstacle to living together. We just have to do it differently. While encouraging, through education and awareness, respect for "barrier" measures to contain this social scourge, it is necessary to promote the virtues of living together, otherwise

Introduction: It is common knowledge that individuals with mental illness face many negative consequences of stigmatization. They are also super sensitive to the attitudes of health professionals. This study aims to investigate the stigmatizing attitudes and language usage of mental health professionals and to compare them with non-mental health professionals. Material and Methods : A total of 722 healthcare professionals were asked to complete the sociodemographic characteristics data form, the questionnaire including the list of stigmatizing words for mental illnesses, and the Attitudes Towards Mentally Ills Scale (ATMIS). Results: Research shows that mental health professionals have less stigmatizing attitudes when compared to other healthcare professionals (p=.000). However, it is determined that there is no difference in terms of the number of stigmatizing words used by both groups, and the most frequently used psychiatric diagnostic expressions with stigmatizing purposes are personality disorders. The number of stigmatizing words used by physicians is more than nurses (p=.000). Mental healthcare professionals have more positive attitudes in both short-term and the long term relationship scale scores. Both groups show that the mean score is lower in long-term than in short-term relationships. Conclusion : Working in the mental health field does not lead to a positive change in terms of language use in stigmatizing purposes and reducing stigmatizing attitudes in a long-term relationship with individuals with mental illness. It is recommended to increase the awareness of physicians about the use of stigmatizing language.

This paper addresses the stigmatization process, outlining the meaning of the social stigma and the different types of stigmata, focusing further on the ways in which stigmatized people cope with stigma and on the main intervention strategies that can be used for destigmatization. A social stigma is an undesirable characteristic or an unfavourable element, along with any generalization or attribution of further characteristics that can lower or humiliate the individual. Not the characteristic itself, but a negative meaning in the social and cultural context, make the person concerned a stigma bearer. Stigmatization describes how actual or potential negative characteristics are ascribed to a person, and thus this person is assigned to a certain socially disregarded group. At the same time, stigmatization involves associating the person concerned with the prejudices and stereotypes connected to the assigned devaluating characteristic and the experience of varied forms of discrimination. To avoid the consequences of their social stigma, the people concerned to develop in diverse social situations in different ways to cope with their stigmatization. Among these, correction, avoidance or defensive attitude, inner distance, compensation, alternative relationships, external assignment, and hostile bravado are highlighted and discussed in the paper. Destigmatization, as a reverse process to stigmatization, can be targeted through various intervention strategies. The paper addresses the most frequently used destigmatizing intervention strategies, namely protest, education, and contact, emphasizing their strengths, especially of the last two, and arguing that, depending on the type of stigma and the social context, a mixture of intervention strategies is more effective, and therefore desirable.

Different medically based constructions of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been around since 'mental restlessness' in 1798, evolved through the 20th century with 'minimal brain dysfunction' and distinctions between Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and ADHD (DSM-III), to current presentations of ADHD (DSM5). As new insights and knowledge have become available, the meaning and labels attached to ADHD have changed, and so they are malleable. This piece will explore two different labels (or frameworks for meaning) for the cluster of behaviours and difficulties associated with the phenomenon known as ADHD; that is, the disorder label and the diversity label. These labels will be explored in terms of accuracy and consequences, particularly their impact on human dignity. Problems inherent in the disorder label will be critically considered, particularly how accurate it is given that psychobiological differences should not be viewed as disorder, may not ‘cause’ functional deficits, and may be understood as strengths. These problems call the disorder label into question, and suggest that ADHD-type behaviours could be understood as traits. This piece will also call into question taken-for-granted social structures that could contribute to or be responsible for the difficulties associated with ADHD, in particular, the stigmatisation of the ADHD label and socio-cultural norms and expectations around ADHD-type behaviours. An alternative diversity label, the neurodiversity framework (or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Diversity) will be explored, in terms of whether it applies to ADHD and the opportunities it offers for empowerment of people and the protection of their fundamental human dignity. In essence, this piece is a socio-political debate about identity; about the labels that can inadvertently harm human dignity and prevent other human rights. It is also about people's right to choice and autonomy in their identity and ways of being in this world. These are human rights issues, because identity is about one's inherent worth and dignity, and human dignity is the basis for human rights.

Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht abzugrenzen, welche passiven psychischen Beschädigungen der zivil- und welche der strafrechtlichen Haftung unterliegen. Es werden die Arten von intrapersönlicher, zwischenmenschlicher und kollektiver Gewalt untersucht, die charakteristisch für psychische Schädigungen sind. Anschließend wird eine kurze Untersuchung der Gewalt gegen Frauen, ältere Menschen und Kinder durchgeführt und die Untersuchungsergebnisse der Arbeit vorgestellt. The aim of the present study is to delimitate passive psychical dammages subject to criminal and civil liability, analyzing the types of intrapersonal, interpersonal and colective violence of psychical dammages. Then, it is made a short summary regarding violence against women, the elderly and children and, finally, a list of main conclusions of the work are drawn. O presente trabalho visa delimitar os danos psíquicos passíveis de responsabilização cível e criminal. É analisada a forma como os tipos de violência intrapessoal, interpessoal ou coletiva interferem na caracterização dos danos psíquicos. A seguir faz-se breve análise da violência contra mulheres, idosos e crianças e são apresentadas as conclusões ao trabalho.

There is an important body of research that explores the contested understandings of urban regeneration programmes in areas of socio-economic disadvantage. While poor housing and living conditions must be tackled, regeneration programmes have been criticised for their destructive and displacement impacts on communities, their lack of public consultation and their reinforcement of the stigmatization of poor areas that draws “attention away from the structural and institutional failures that produce and reproduce poverty” and inequality (Hancock & Mooney, 2013, p. 59). However, much of the literature focuses on the understandings and perspectives of adult residents in regeneration areas. This article explores the views of young residents from ages 6 to 19 in Knocknaheeny, one of the largest social housing estates in Cork City in the South of Ireland, which is undergoing a regeneration programme. Through a series of creative methods, the research reveals the distinctive analysis these children and young people have on their community, the change it is undergoing, issues of poverty, stigma and exclusion, and their lack of involvement in the decision-making process. Taken together, these children and young people generate an analysis that is strikingly reminiscent of Wacquant’s (2008) concept of ‘territorial stigma.’ They clearly cite how the misrecognition and devaluation of their neighbourhood and community shifts responsibility for decline away from the institutional failings of the local authority and state, back toward the people who live there.

Introduction An important element of obesity prophylaxis is an increase in the awareness of health and the social consequences of obesity, as well as an increase in the level of knowledge concerning the relationship between anti-health behaviours and excessive body weight. Objectives The aim of the study was assessment of knowledge concerning obesity complications among the students of two universities in Lublin, Poland, and recognition of their opinions about the functioning of obese individuals in the society. Material and methods The study was conducted during the period November 2017 – March 2018 in a group of 200 students from the selected universities in Lublin by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire technique. The research instrument was an author-constructed questionnaire containing 46 items: 23 items referring to knowledge of the health consequences of obesity, 12 – undertaking the scope of problems concerning the stigmatization of obese persons, and 11 – respondents’ particulars pertaining to sociodemographic data. Results Statistical analysis showed significant relationships between the level of students’ knowledge concerning the health effects of obesity and type of university, study specialty and year of study, as well as the place of the respondents’ permanent residence according to the number of inhabitants. The correlate of a higher level of knowledge concerning obesity was the presence of an obese person in the respondent’s direct social environment. Knowledge of the health consequences of obesity among students of the Lublin universities is unsatisfactory, although students of the Medical University show a better knowledge of this problem compared to those from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS). In addition, it was confirmed that the respondents paid attention to the problem of stigmatization and social exclusion of obese persons in Polish society. Conclusions Health education focused on the dissemination of knowledge about the genesis and effects of obesity remains a constant challenge to public health, and should constitute an integral element of educational programmes at all education levels, and be obligatorily supplemented by multisectoral actions in the area of pro-health policy.

Social psychiatry emphasizes the inclusion of mentally ill persons in family and social life. The negative attitude towards them is still an obstacle for achieving the best treatment results and their optimal quality of life. Young educated people could be an important community factor in the fight against stigmatization of psychiatric patients. The aim of the study was to determine the difference in attitudes among Serbian students attending different faculties, as well as to find out the correlation between students' attitudes and their demographic characteristics. The study involved 408 Serbian university students. The respondents were divided into three groups to determine the differences in attitudes between groups with different educational levels. We have used the Attitude Questionnaire and Demographic Questionnaire for this purpose. Medical students who had passed their exam in psychiatry, those who experienced psychological and psychiatric problems themselves, and those with a mentally ill family member had a positive attitude towards the mentally ill. Future health workers and the family members of mentally ill individuals are most important in the attempts to decrease stigmatization of psychiatric patients.

Introduction: In psychiatry and psychology stigmatization consists in labelling a person suffering from a disorder with the stigma of mental illness, associated with numerous negative stereotypes that are established in both individual and social mentality. Objective: The aim of the present article is to present the phenomenon of self-stigma from the perspective of psychiatric patients, including patients suffering from schizophrenia, to scientific consideration. The state of knowledge: The available data on this subject suggests that schizophrenia is particularly stigmatized, and the degree of stigmatization of patients with this diagnosis is worsening. Self-stigma plays a significant role in various areas of patients’ lives, sometimes discouraging them to continue therapy. Psychiatric patients have to face not only the symptoms of their disorders, but also stigmatization. In the event patient’s self-stigmatization of mental illness occurs, a responsible psychiatrist and psychologist conducting the therapy has the moral obligation to supervise the process of psychiatric and psychological assistance in the context of the aforelisted issues. Conclusions: The problem of self-stigmatization of a psychiatric patients is a topical issue that is well worth further exploration in order to better understand and help patients more effectively.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung In der Turkei besteht fur jeden gesunden, mannlichen Burger zwischen 20 und 41 Jahren die Wehrpflicht. Homosexuelle Manner konnen sich allerdings um einen sogenannten „Rotten Report“ und damit um eine Befreiung von der Wehrpflicht bewerben. Dieser Aufsatz beschaftigt sich mit der Frage, wie das turkische Militar hegemoniale Mannlichkeit und traditionelle Geschlechterrollen durch die Prozeduren der ‚Rotten Reports‘ (re)produziert. Dafur werden Theorien der militarischen Sozialisation (Kliche 2004), der hegemonialen Mannlichkeit (Connell 1995) und der Gender-Performativitat (Butler 1990) angewendet. Um einen ‚Rotten Report‘ zu erhalten, mussen sich die mannlichen Bewerber erniedrigenden Untersuchungen unterziehen. Die Prozedur der ,Rotten Reports‘ fuhrt dazu, dass die Bewerber sich bemuhen, ihre Genderperformanz an das Bild des ,verweiblichten‘ homosexuellen Mannes anzupassen, um in den Augen des Militars als homosexuell und folglich als ,Gefahr‘ und ,ungeeignet‘ fur den Militardienst eingestuft zu werden. Durch diesen Ausschluss von Homosexuellen aus dem Militardienst produziert das Militar hegemoniale Mannlichkeit. Diese Genderperformanz tragt wiederum zur Aufrechterhaltung der traditionellen Geschlechterrollen bei. Auf der Grundlage einer Literaturanalyse von Primar- und Sekundarquellen, darunter wissenschaftlichen Texte, die auf Interviews mit Betroffenen basieren, Befragungen, Artikel und Blogs von turkischen LGBTI-Organisationen, wird die Frage empirisch beantwortet. ----- ‘True’ Turkish Masculinity – The (Re)Production of Hegemonic Masculinity and Traditional Gender Roles by the Turkish Military Abstract In Turkey, military service is compulsory for every healthy male citizen between the age of 20 and 41. However, homosexual men can apply for a so-called “rotten report” and thus can be exempted from the compulsory military service. This article examines the question of how the Turkish military (re)produces hegemonic masculinity and traditional gender roles through the procedures of the rotten reports. To this end, the theories of military socialization (Kliche 2004), hegemonic masculinity (Connell 1995), and gender performativity (Butler 1990) are applied. To receive a ‘rotten report’, male applicants must undergo humiliating examinations. The procedure of the ‘rotten reports’ leads to a gender performance of applicants who try to adopt the image of the ‘feminized’ homosexual man in order to be classified as homosexual in the eyes of the military, and consequently as ‘dangerous’ and ‘unsuitable’ for military service. By excluding homosexuals from military service, the military produces hegemonic masculinity, to which homosexual masculinity is subordinated. This gender performance in turn contributes to the maintenance of traditional gender roles. Based on a literature analysis of primary and secondary sources, including academic texts based on interviews with affected persons, surveys, articles and blogs of Turkish LGBTI organizations, the posed question is answered empirically. ----- Bibliographie: Ahmed, Sabrina/Aksoy, Hurcan Asli: ,Wahre‘ turkische Mannlichkeit – Die (Re)Produktion von hegemonialer Mannlichkeit und traditionellen Geschlechterrollen durch das turkische Militar, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift fur feministische Politikwissenschaft, 1-2020, S. 84-97. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v29i1.07

A diagnosis of epilepsy substantially influences the lives of affected children and adolescents, and concealing the diagnosis can generate additional stress. However, little is known about whether children and adolescents communicate their diagnosis to their friends. We performed a survey at two German university hospitals. Epilepsy patients aged 6–18 years were asked why they did or did not disclose their condition to their friends. A total of 101 patients (44 female, 57 male) were interviewed. Twenty-one (21%) informed all their friends about their epilepsy, 63 (62%) informed only certain friends, and 3 (3%) did not specify. Fourteen (14%) did not inform any friends. Their reasons for informing their friends were trust in friends (47/87; 54%); questions from friends, e.g., about missed school days (29/87; 33%); a wish for friends to be informed in case of an emergency (15/87; 17%); and a desire to live openly with the condition (8/87; 9%). The reasons for not informing friends were fear of stigmatization/shame (4/14; 29%), discouragement from parents (3/14; 21%), and a wish for confidentiality (3/14; 21%).Conclusion: Most children and adolescents inform their friends about their epilepsy. Fear of stigmatization is the main reason for not informing friends about this condition. What is Known• An epilepsy diagnosis is a life-changing event for affected children and adolescents.• Having to conceal the diagnosis can be very stressful. What is New• Most pediatric epilepsy patients informed at least some close friends about their diagnosis motivated by trust in friends; questions from friends, e.g., about missed school days; and a wish for friends to be informed in case of an emergency.• Fear of stigmatization/shame, discouragement from parents, and a wish for confidentiality were the motivations for concealing the disease.

While scholars and activists often advocate using the term ‘sex worker’ in preference to prostitute, in my research I found that female prostitutes in the Pearl River Delta area, south China, do not like to be addressed as such, and prefer the title xiaojie in Chinese. ‘Sex worker’ generalises the heterogeneity of meanings these women identify and attribute to what they do; it does not capture the complex cultural meanings involved in the term xiaojie. It is stigmatising in that what is exchanged within the transaction is less defined by sexual acts and more by a diversified range of activities. The women employ what is useful to them and infuse new meanings in it to construct gender images and identities to resist the sex worker stigma and to express their desires as rural-to-urban migrants. Using xiaojie becomes a destigmatising and gender tactic. I also found that the women discard the idea of finding alternative jobs partly because of the practical difficulty, and partly because they do not want to work (gongzuo) any more in the future. This study highlights the importance of exploring desire and agency to understand the lived experiences of this particular group of women.

Introduction Each dermatological condition associated with the presence of visible skin lesions can evoke the following psychological response of the patient: shame, anxiety, anger, or even depression. Psoriasis may additionally be a cause of social rejection, which significantly impairs a patient’s private life and social functioning, and may contribute to stigmatization, alienation, and deterioration of their quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the level of stigmatization and the quality of life of persons with psoriasis in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods The study, which included 166 patients with plaque psoriasis, was carried out with the 33-item Feelings of Stigmatization Questionnaire, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and a dedicated sociodemographic survey. Results Compared with women, men had higher stigmatization scores in the “Feeling of being flawed” domain (p = 0.0362), and patients up to 30 years of age scored higher on the “Guilt and shame” domain (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\bar{x}$$\end{document}x¯ = 17.1 points) than those older than 30 years (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\bar{x}$$\end{document}x¯ = 14.6 points). Also, persons with visible skin lesions presented with higher stigmatization levels in the “Guilt and shame” domain than those without (p = 0.0028). Quality of life in persons with psoriasis did not depend on sociodemographic parameters but correlated significantly with two stigmatization domains, “Sensitivity to the opinions of others” (R = 0.31; p = 0.0030) and “Positive attitudes” (R = 0.27; p = 0.0115). Conclusions As stigmatization is a social problem, only greater social awareness of psoriasis may contribute to better understanding and broader acceptance of patients with this dermatosis. To help them to cope with the stigmatization and hence to improve their quality of life, persons with psoriasis should be provided with psychological counselling.

Young people experiencing homelessness and who use drugs are vulnerable to being attributed with ‘spoiled identities’ due to stigmatising attitudes by wider society. This article is underpinned by a symbolic interactionist account of self-identity and stigma. It draws upon ethnographic research in a UK-based supported accommodation hostel for young people and explores how the residents in the hostel related to the labels of ‘homeless,’ ‘drug user’ and ‘youth’ and how these were expressed through their self-identities. Over a period of seven months, in-depth participant-observation, semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted involving 22 hostel residents, aged 16 to 21 years old. The data highlight how the residents engaged in processes of ‘distancing’ or ‘othering’ by making disparaging remarks about other people in similar situations based on stereotyping. These processes reinforced spoiled identities while enabling the residents to disassociate from them. However, residents also appeared to embrace and celebrate certain features of each label, indicating an acceptance of these more positive features as forming a part of their self-identities. The article concludes by arguing for a nuanced approach to understanding stigma and identity among homeless people, one that accounts for more than just a person’s housing situation.

This paper offers a critical assessment of Loic Wacquant’s influential ‘advanced marginality’ framework with reference to research undertaken on a London social housing estate. Following Wacquant, it has become the orthodoxy that one of the major vectors of advanced marginality is territorial stigmatisation and that this particularly affects social housing estates, for example via mass media deployment of the ‘sink estate’ label in the UK. This paper is based upon a multi-method case study of the Aylesbury estate in south-east London – an archetypal stigmatised ‘sink estate’. The paper brings together three aspects of residents’ experiences of the Aylesbury estate: territorial stigmatisation and dissolution of place, both of which Wacquant focuses on, and housing conditions which Wacquant neglects. The paper acknowledges the deprivation and various social problems the Aylesbury residents face, problems that are generally prominent in south-east London. It argues, however, that rather than internalising the extensive and intensive media-fuelled territorial stigmatisation of their ‘notorious’ estate, as Wacquant’s analysis implies, residents have largely disregarded, rejected or actively resisted the notion that they are living in an ‘estate from hell’, while their sense of place belonging has not dissolved. By contrast, poor housing – in the form of heating breakdowns, leaks, infestation, inadequate repairs and maintenance – caused major distress and frustration and was a more important facet of their everyday lives than territorial stigmatisation. The paper concludes that more academic attention needs to be paid to material housing conditions in order to provide a fuller understanding of urban advanced marginality.

With many cities in the Global South experiencing immense growth in informal settlements, city authorities frequently try to assert control over these settlements and their inhabitants through coercive measures such as threats of eviction, exclusion, blocked access to services and other forms of structural violence. Such coercive control is legitimized through the discursive formation of informal settlements as criminal and unsanitary, and of the residents as migrants and as temporary and illegitimate settlers. Using findings from ethnographic research carried out in two informal settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh, this article explores how informal settlement residents engage with and resist territorial stigma in a rapidly growing Southern megacity. Findings show residents resist stigmatising narratives of neighbourhood blame by constructing counternarratives that frame informal settlements as a “good place for the poor.” These place-based narratives emerge from shared experiences of informality and associational life in a city where such populations are needed yet unwanted. While residents of these neighbourhoods are acutely aware of the temporariness and illegality of unauthorised settlements, these narratives produce solidarities to resist eviction and serve to legitimise their claim to the city.