Search

The benefits of information and communication technology have many positive impacts. However, if we are not aware of and comply with the regulations in using all the facilities and the ease of accesing the information itself, I t often causes various thing that can be detrimental. As for utilization of information technology and social media communication as a means of digital marketing for SMEs in Pagelaran Village, Ciomas District, Bogor Regency. The marketing of the product itself is still by direct marketing of offers between friends, from person to person, so that it has an impact on monotonous sales and not too many people or the surrounding community know about it. Word of mouth media makes these SMEs not yet developed. With the use of social media as a means of digital marketing, it is expected to increase sales and competitiveness in the wider market. The solution offered is to create social media, provide understanding, then proceed to mentoring, namely counseling and training on the use of social media which includes ad design and uploading advertising content on social media.

A chatbot is a computer program based on AI (Artificial Intelligence), namely virtual robots that simulate conversations like humans. Customer service (CS) is one of the many parts of a company that will directly contact customers. Therefore CS is expected to be able to provide fast and appropriate responses to customer complaints and needs. Using AI technology, Chatbot can help or replace customer service duties because it can provide information and help customers' constraints precisely and quickly. A chatbot is currently widely used by middle and upper companies. H3I is a kind of Chatbot that serving all loyal customers and can be implemented in various messenger platforms such as WhatsApp, Line, and others. For gathering the information, the authors use interview, observation, literature study. Moreover, the Prototype model is used for the development of Chatbot. The result was made a Chatbot for WhatsApp that can be used for customer service.

Background: Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies have significant complications on the children's health. Also, they have a higher cost for treatment. The prevalence of these diseases differs from one area to another in Saudi Arabia. Aims: To detect the different hemoglobin abnormality and their frequency in the premarital population in Makkah city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 473 subjects who attended the premarital screening tests at the maternity and children Hospital laboratory and Heraa hospital. We were collected the data of the complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and iron profile from the participants. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS program version 20. Results: 74.8% of the participants were normal, 9.3% had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 6.3% were suspected to be alpha thalassemia trait, 3.4% had sickle cell trait, 3% were polycythemia, 1.5% had hereditary persistence fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), 1.1% were IDA with thalassemia trait, 0.4% were beta thalassemia trait, 0.2% had hemoglobin E trait. Conclusion: thalassemia trait and hemoglobinopathies are present in the premarital population in Makkah city at a low prevalence. The highest frequency was for the alpha thalassemia trait, then sickle cell trait, then HPFH, then beta-thalassemia trait, and lastly, hemoglobin E trait. IDA is present at a high frequency. Education to the population is essential to decrease the prevalence of these disorders.

Background Calamus rotang L. (CR) is an Indian shrub. The leaves and other organs of the plant are traditionally used in India for treatment of various diseases. The in vitro antioxidant property of the leaves extract was previously established. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of CR ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 350 mg/kg on CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats through different mechanisms. Methods Histopathological examination of the treated rats’ group in comparison with positive and negative controls were performed. Quantitative measuring of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α), inflammatory regulators (Arginase, PPAR α) and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in comparison with positive and negative control groups was achieved using immunohistochemical examination. HPLC profiling of the polyphenol contents and molecular docking of the identified compounds against BH3 proapoptotic protein were correspondingly studied to evaluate the potential antiapoptotic property. Results The CR extract greatly protects the liver tissue through the suppression of TNF α, arginase and PPAR α induced by CCl4 as well as its enhancement of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Fourteen polyphenols of different classes were identified in CR extract and tested via molecular docking for their potential antiapoptotic activities against BH3 protein. Naringin, rutin, 7-hydroxy flavone, and ellagic acid compounds exhibit the highest affinity and potential inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein BH3 via molecular docking study. Conclusions The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of C. rotang is rich in polyphenols that exhibited potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatosis and antiapoptotic properties.

Heat stress has become more common in recent years, limiting wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai plain in China. To identify the effect of long-term heat stress on wheat production, two heat-resistant (JM44, JM23) and two heat-sensitive (XM26, GC8901) wheat varieties were sown in heat tents and normal conditions, and heat stress (9 to 12℃ higher than control) was imposed for seven days at post-anthesis. All varieties under heat stress exhibited early senescence and reduced grain-filling rate, while the grain-filling period of heat-tolerant varieties was longer than that of the heat-sensitive. Furthermore, long-term heat stress significantly reduced kernel mass, grain number, harvest index, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry, effective quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration efficiency. In addition, the distribution of dry matter to vegetative organs, catalase activity, and malondialdehyde content increased. These results indicated that the lesser yield reduction of heat-resistant varieties (11-26%) than that of heat-sensitive (16-37%) is due to relatively higher antioxidative and photosynthetic performance and higher assimilation in the grain from vegetative organs.

In this study, a mathematical model is formulated to examine the blood flow through a cylindrical stenosed blood vessel. The stenosis disease is caused because of the abnormal narrowing of flow in the body. This narrowing causes serious health issues like heart attack and may decrease blood flow in the blood vessel. Mathematical modeling helps us analyze such issues. A mathematical model is considered in this study to explore the blood flow in a stenosis artery and is solved numerically with the finite difference method. The artery is an elastic cylindrical tube containing blood defined as a viscoelastic fluid. A complete parametric analysis has been done for the flow velocity to clarify the applicability of the defined problem. Moreover, the flow characteristics such as the impedance, the wall shear stress in the stenotic region, the shear stresses in the throat of the stenosis and at the critical stenosis height are discussed. The obtained results show that the intensity of the stenosis occurs mostly at the highest narrowing areas compared with all other areas of the vessel, which has a direct impact on the wall shear stress. It is also observed that the resistive impedance and wall shear pressure get the maximum values at the critical height of the stenosis.

In recent years, a novel technique for producing robust cementitious materials, called nanocomposites, has emerged. These materials are comprised of clay minerals and polymers. As a result, a vertical flat plate has been used to evaluate a clay-based cementitious nanofluid in this research. The impacts of first-order chemical reactions, heat generation/heat absorption, and the Jeffrey fluid model are taken into account for the study of flow. Newtonian heating and the conditions for slippage velocity have also been considered. The mathematical problem for the flow analysis has been established in relations of partially coupled partial differential equations and the model has been generalized using constant proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative. The problem is solved using the Laplace transform technique to provide precise analytical solutions. On the concentration, temperature, and velocity fields, the physics of a number of crucial flow parameters have been examined graphically. The acquired results have been condensed to a very well-known published work to verify the validity of the current work. It is important to note here that the rate of heat transfer in the fluid decreases by 10.17% by adding clay nanoparticles, while the rate of mass transfer decrease by 1.31% when the value of [Formula: see text] reaches 0.04.

The current study intends to find out the efficacy of Orlistat in the management of hyperlipidemia, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Body Mass Index (BMI).This retrospective study has evaluated the lipid profiles of the patients, who have been using metformin therapy for Type 2 diabetes. The study has obtained data regarding the parameters like triglyceride, Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio, systolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI). Random distribution of patients was done into placebo and Orlistat groups. The placebo group received only metformin, and patients in the Orlistat group received Orlistat along with metformin. After 24 weeks, the follow-up study was done, and statistical analysis was conducted.The study found that the Orlistat group has significant improvement (p0.05) more improvement in LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Total cholesterol, LDL/HDL Ratio and Triglycerides, while BMI and systolic blood pressure did not show a significant difference between placebo and Orlistat group.This study has concluded that Orlistat can be used for significant improvement in lipid profile. The study also found that Orlistat may not have a significant effect on reducing BMI and blood pressure without adequate lifestyle modification.

Background The management of patients presenting with an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is resource intensive, and mortality remains very high. Several scoring systems have been developed to predict mortality and adverse neurological outcomes, and thus aid decision making for patients arriving to heart attack centres. Two of the most commonly used scoring systems are NULL-PLEASE (1) and MIRACLE2 (2). Purpose The MIRCALE2 score predicts poor neurological outcome at 6 months, as measured by Cerebral Performance Category (CPC). The NULL-PLEASE score predicts in-hospital morality. We aimed to compare both scores in predicting their primary end-points in a large tertiary centre in the UK. Method and results This was a retrospective analysis of 435 patient who were admitted with OHCA via the primary PCI pathway to a large tertiary cardiac centre between January 2016 and September 2020. Only comatosed OHCA survivors requiring pre-hospital ventilatory support were included. 319 patients were eligible 238 patients had complete set of data and were included in the final analysis. The association of the primary outcome was examined using logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability of the scores for the primary endpoint was tested using AUC analysis. In-hospital mortality was 45% (108 patients), with 53% having good neurological outcome at 6 months (CPC 3 had 74% sensitivity to predict in hospital mortality. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the MIRCLE2 and NULL-PLEASE scoring systems. Both scores did not perform as expected in our large retrospective analysis. The NULL-PLEASE was more sensitive in predicting in-hospital mortality, although MIRACLE 2 score was easier to use as it had less variables to collect. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Background Consanguinity is prevalent in Egypt (35%) resulting in a high incidence of homozygosity. The influence of homozygosity on the genetics of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) has not been adequately studied. Purpose The purpose of this study is to define the genetic architecture of HCM in Egypt using ethnically-matched case and control cohorts. Methods Prospective Egyptian patients (n=514) and controls (n=400) were recruited to Aswan Heart Centre for clinical phenotyping and genetic testing for 174 genes implicated in inherited cardiac conditions (Illumina). Rare variation (gnomAD filtering allele frequency ≤4x10–5) in 13 validated HCM genes were classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines and compared with a prospective HCM cohort of predominantly European ancestry (n=684). Results Significantly fewer rare variants detected in Egyptian patients could be classified as (likely) pathogenic compared to Europeans (40.8% vs. 61.6%, p-value=1.6x10–5). Incorporating analysis from these Egyptian case-control cohorts into the ACMG guidelines increased this yield to 53.8%. Homozygous variants were more frequently observed in Egyptian patients (4.1% vs 0.1%, p-value=2x10–7), with variants in the minor HCM genes MYL2, MYL3 and CSRP3 more likely to present in homozygosity than the major genes (MYH7, MYBPC3 and troponins), suggesting such variants are less penetrant in the heterozygous state. Conclusions The integration of Egyptian-specific genetic and phenotypic data significantly improves variant interpretation in HCM and consequently the precision of genetic testing. The observed prevalence of homozygosity and rare variation in minor HCM genes in Egyptian patients provides important insights into its disease-mechanisms and genetics. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Science and Technology Development FundAl Alfi Foundation

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is member of the class I cytokine receptor family that important in growth regulation including in cattle. This study aimed to analyze the association between GHR|AluI gene with body weight, parameters in Grati-PO cattle population. A total of 304 blood samples were collected from the experimental station at the Beef Cattle Research Station, which were also equipped with 304 phenotypic data. DNA was extracted using a zymo extraction kit. Detection of of the polymorphism of GHR gene using PCR-RFLP method with AluI restriction enzymes. polymorphism indicators include genotype frequency, allele frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC) and number of effective alleles (Ne). Association analysis was carried out using a linear mixed model. The performance of birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight were 25.4 + 0.2 kg; 113.8 + 2.3 kg; 159.9 + 2.7 kg and 213.7 + 3.6 kg, respectively. The result of association analysis was significant (P

Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are Ongole cattle from India which were imported to Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era and were well adapted on Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are known for high meat production. This research was conducted to identify one point mutation of g.415C/A (F94L marker) in the myostatin (MSTN) gene (exon 1) using PCR-RFLP method with TaqI restriction enzyme (T*CGA). DNA samples of SO bulls and cows (Total 153) from Sumba Island were used in this study. Results revealed that all samples in this study had CC genotype with C allele as the common allele. The mutation point of g.415C/A was not found in this study. However, one mutation point of g.400G/A was detected in this study without amino acid changes (synonymous). It was concluded that MSTN/TaqI gene in the present study is monomorphic and cannot be used as the genetic marker for productive traits of SO cattle.

Aim: To compare, through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the root resorption and treatment efficiency of two different mini-implant-assisted modalities in intruding the maxillary incisors. Subjects and Methods: The present study composed of 26 patients (males, females) aged between 12-18 years who had deep bite and elongated maxillary incisors. They were randomly selected and divided into two group: anterior mini-implant group (AMG) and posterior mini-implant group (PMG). In the AMG, approximately 40 g of force was applied per side with elastic chains and in the PMG, with beta-titanium wires. This study was conducted on CBCT scans taken before intrusion and after 18 weeks of intrusion. Result: The incisors showed a significant reduction in length and volume, this amount was greater in AMG than PMG. Significant changes in labial inclination of all incisors, which were greater in PMG than AMG. Conclusion: Posterior mini-implants assisted maxillary incisors intrusion is preferred than anterior mini-implant assisted maxillary incisor intrusion in case of upright position, as the use of such mechanics directs them to less root resorption and more labial tipping.

Aim: Aims and objectives of the study were to measure shear bond strength of rebonded orthodontic brackets after using different enamel reconditioning techniques including (Diamond bur, Air abrasion with Aluminum Oxide particles, Ultra Sonic scaler, CO2 laser ).Subjects and methods : This in vitro study consists of five groups with ten samples in each group. Each sample was bonded with a metal bracket. After debonding, reconditioning of the tooth surface was performed by the finishing Diamond bur, Air abrasion, Ultra Sonic Scaler and Fractional CO2 Laser . Rebonding of the reconditioned teeth was again performed. Universal testing machine was used to evaluate the shear bond strength of the orthodontic brackets. Enamel surface topography was evaluated using scanning electron microscope. Results: The maximum average score of shear bond strength was in the LASER Group (16.4 Mega Pascal ) (MPa) followed by Ultra Sonic Scaler (16.2MPa), The Control Group (14.9MPa), Sand blasting Group (14.6MPa), at last the Diamond Burs group (11.3MPa) . There was a relationship between surface roughness and the bond strength achieved. The method which created a smoother uniform surface achieved the higher shear bond strength. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 Laser, Ultra Sonic scaler and Air abrasion can be used as preferred method of reconditioning the tooth surface after bond failure instead of diamond burs to achieve optimal bond strength of rebonded brackets.

Apart from Muntok White Pepper, until now there has been no geographical indication of being registered in the Bangka Belitung Islands. In fact, the potential for geographical indications in this area is very high. Several parties have tried to register potential geographic indications, but have not shown significant progress. This study aims to examine the problems in efforts to protect geographical indications in the Bangka Belitung Islands, to further seek ideal legal formulations so that these efforts can be resolved. Based on the analysis, this type of research is qualitative research. The data sources used in this study are primary data sources as well as secondary data sources. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews and focus group discussions. Qualitative data analysis techniques. From the research conducted, it was concluded that the problems faced in efforts to register potential geographic indications include the factors of public knowledge that are not very familiar with the concept of geographical indications, relatively high costs, and minimal local government support.

Background: Injury to the facial region may lead to lifethreatening situations, it is difficult to physically examine thepatient with facial trauma. The growing frequency and mag-nitude of road traffic accidents, as well as the increase inepisodes of urban violence, have made these traumas a formof social disease. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MD-CT) is the imaging modality of choice and is one of the mostimportant imaging tools in evaluation of patients with sportrelated maxillofacial trauma. It helps in detecting the exactsite, number and extent of fractures, displacement of fragmentsand soft tissue injuries.Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to detect sportrelated different facial fractures by using conventional radi-ography and Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT).Patients and Methods: Twenty eight patients were referredto Department of Radiodiagnosis, Zagazig University Hospitalsfor this prospective cross-sectional study.In this study, 28 patients with 60 facial fractures wereexamined by multidetctor CT from the most common fracturewas orbital fracture seen in 14 cases (50%).Our study included 28 patients who sustained sport traumato the facial skeleton with age range from 17-51 years old.Conventional plain radiography and MDCT were performedto all patients.Results: In this study, males were constitute most of thepatients with number of 22 patients which represents (78.6%) of the total while number of female patients was 6 which represents (21.4%) of the total.Conclusion: Facial injuries are commonly encounteredemergencies which needs early diagnosis and management.Road traffic accidents and social violence are the commonreasons which have led to increase in the frequency ofmaxillofacial injuries. However sport related facial injuriesis still a common cause, the complex anatomies of the facialbones require multiplanar imaging techniques for a detailedevaluation.

The objective of the study was to determine the optimal density of fingerlings of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in floating cages with respect to growth performance and to know the effect of temperature on growth during the winter period. Tilapia fingerlings (mean weight 8.5 ± 0.36 g) were stocked at densities of 120, 180 and 360 fish/m3 for 10 weeks. During culture, fish were fed a diet contains 35% protein made of peanut seed, cottonseed, wheat bran, and Sorghum. The results showed that the increase in fish density reduced the final weight of the fish. The percentage of the fish weight increased and reached 111% ± 1.45% in the lowest fish density (120 fish/m3), 79% ± 1.87% in the medium density (240 fish/m3), and 63% ± 2.03% of high fish density (360 fish/m3), therefore the daily growth rate was better in the lowest density. The rate of food conversion ratio was also better in the lowest density with 2.17 ± 0.33, followed by the medium density with 2.79 ± 0.28 and then the highest density with 3.09 ± 0.21. However, the total production in the cage increased with increasing fish density, and the return to the cost of food was better with higher fish density. According to various performance evaluation criteria, it can be concluded that the medium density 240 fish/m3 is the best for growing Nile tilapia fingerlings in floating cages. It was observed that the growth rates of the three treatments were low due to the decrease in water temperature in most of the study period, which may indicate the useless of culture in cages in the winter season.

Molecular modelling and design are valued and vital tools in the pharmaceutical research for defining, developing and analyzing active biological and chemical molecules. It is based on the evolution of computational theories and methods to study molecules behavior enabling scientists to hypothesize potent drugs for a particular disease. Quercetin is one of the flavonoid family that possesses pharmacological properties due to its interface with cellular targets including, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities. Molecular docking analyses were performed to predicted quercetin possible binding action along with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) study. The molecular docking results revealed the bind of quercetin to the active site of Serine/threonine mammalian sterile-20 (MST3) and peroxiredoxin 5 pockets. Moreover, ADME results show its vital properties absorption and drug mimic where the ability to enter blood brain barrier (BBB) was not high, low permeable and strongly bound. Pre-metabolism analyze results show that 2D9 liver microsomal enzyme has more effect on quercetin than CYP2D6 enzymes. In conclusion, molecular docking study documented some important mechanisms of quercetin as a promising anticancer and antioxidant compound.

Background In the Arab world, little is known about cancer patient's satisfaction with the care provided by the oncology nurses. The only explanation for this dearth of knowledge is lack of a specified, valid and reliable tool that can be utilized with all types of cancer. This regional study was conducted to translate and validate the Arabic version of quality of oncology nursing care scale (QONCS). Methods Brislin's model of translation was used with a cross-sectional, cross-cultural and psychometric design. A convenience sample of 517 from three countries (Jordan, Oman and Egypt) completed the study's surveys. Results The results indicated that the total QONCS-Ar was reliable with Cronbach's alpha 0.88 and 0.84, 0.87, 0.83, 0.89 and 0.86 for being supported and confirmed, with the religious and spiritual care, belonging, being valued and being respected domains respectively. Exploratory factor analysis supported the dimensional structure of the 34-item scale with five domains with Kaiser–Meyer–Oklin (KMO) measuring 0.872 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity being significant (significant p Conclusion QONCS-Ar is a relatively short, valid, reliable and easy to use instrument that can be applied with all types of cancer, research and educational institutions in the Arabic region.

Purpose of the Study:The purpose of the study is to assess and compare the corneal flap thickness predictability and uniformity between Visumax femtosecond laser and Moria sub-Bowman keratomileusis microkeratome in laser in situ keratomileusis procedure to correct myopic and myopic astigmatism refractive errors. Methods:One hundred eyes from 100 patients, were enrolled in this study. Only one eye (right eye) of each patient was chosen for this study. They were divided into two groups of equal size (50 each). Target flap thickness was 90 μm. Flap thickness was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography in 7 specified positions at 3 months postoperative.Results:For femtosecond laser group, the average central flap thickness (CFT) was 91.35µm ±4.97. There was no statistically significant difference between the target flap thickness and the resultant flap thickness (p=0.12). When the central, nasal and temporal thicknesses in the same flap were compared, there was no statistically significant difference among these measurements (p=0.9).For the microkeratome group, CFT was 102.18µm±5.63. There was statistically significant difference between the target flap thickness and the resultant flap thickness (p=0.001).The central, nasal and temporal thicknesses were compared and there was a statistically significant difference.(p=0.000).Conclusions:Our study is among few studies in the literature comparing femtosecond laser flap to SBK microkeratome flap. Femtosecond laser creates more predicable flap thickness and more uniform flap architecture. It should be the first choice for the patients when the availability and cost is not a problem. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number: NCT04684888. Trial Registration date: December 2020. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Objectives To determine antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae collected in 2015–17 from Pakistan. Methods MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Results A total of 94 S. pneumoniae and 122 H. influenzae isolates were collected. Susceptibility to penicillin was noted in 23.4% of the S. pneumoniae isolates by CLSI oral/EUCAST low-dose IV breakpoints, although by CLSI IV and EUCAST high-dose breakpoints all isolates were characterized as susceptible. Susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (10.6%), macrolides (33%) and cefaclor (28.7%) was low but higher susceptibility was observed to ceftriaxone (100%), amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98.9%), cefuroxime (oral, 97.9%), cefpodoxime (96.8%), fluoroquinolones (93.6%–96.8%) and cefdinir (76.6%) by CLSI breakpoints. However, using EUCAST breakpoints, susceptibility to cefpodoxime (70.2%) and cefuroxime (oral, 61.7%) was reduced. H. influenzae isolates were almost all β-lactamase negative (96.7%). Using CLSI breakpoints, ≥93.4% of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested except fluoroquinolones (75.4%–77.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (41%). The proportion of isolates susceptible using EUCAST breakpoints was similar or identical for penicillins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and the cephalosporins that have EUCAST breakpoints; the proportion of isolates susceptible using EUCAST breakpoints was similar or identical to that using CSLI breakpoints except for cefuroxime (oral), where only 1.6% of isolates were considered susceptible. Susceptibility of H. influenzae to fluoroquinolones was also lower by EUCAST breakpoints (33.6%–34.4%). The application of different EUCAST breakpoints for low and higher doses for some of the antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) allowed, for the first time in a SOAR study, the effect of raising the dosage on susceptibility to be quantified. Conclusions Antibiotic susceptibility in these important respiratory tract pathogens varied in Pakistan based on different breakpoints. These data are important for empirical therapy choices in the treatment of CA-RTIs.

Background: Maxillofacial fractures are common and must be radiologically evaluated to detect fractures, to deter-mine their morphology and topography, and to assess adjacent soft-tissue damage. Aim of Study: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of MDCT in diagnosis of: Maxillofacial fractures. Patients and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried in Radiodiagnosis Department, Zagazig University Hospitals and private center on twenty eight patients complaining from facial trauma with suspected facial fractures referred from Emergency Department, they were 22 males and 6 females, a ages ranged from 17 to 51 years with mean age of 29 years old. Conventional plain radiography and MDCT were performed to all patients. Results: MDCT examination showed that the most com-mon simple maxillofacial fracture was orbital wall fracture (7 patients), the most common complex fractures zygomatico-maxillary complex fracture (5 patients), the most common orbital bony wall fracture was orbital floor fracture (8 patients). Conclusion: MDCT is the optimal imaging modality for evaluation of maxillofacial fractures, as it can be often visualize complex injuries with a precision unattainable by conventional radiography or clinical examination. Fracture fragments displacement and rotation are easily determined by MDCT and 3D MDCT is the best modality for demonstrating the spatial relationships of fracture fragments in maxillofacial fractures.

This work deals with the deposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots thin films on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique (SILAR). QD deposition based on SILAR is easy, cheap and effective method which improves the surface quality and performance of QD-based devices. The effect of the number of cycles of SILAR on the morphology and size of the quantum dots has been investigated. SILAR technique was adopted for the deposition of CdS on anatase TiO2 and the three main factors contributing to the performance of QDs processed by SILAR, namely the number of cycles used, the concentration of the precursor solution, and the reaction dipping time, are discussed. The structural, morphological and optical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Raman spectra analysis and UV-Vis NIR analysis, respectively. The particle size of CdS was calculated from XRD pattern using Debye Scherrer’s equation and the calculated particle size was 4.5-9.5 nm. Using CdSQDs, quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) were fabricated on FTO substrates as being a transparent conductive oxide. Optical absorption property proved that the band gap energy value was about 2.44 eV. The result delivered from J-V curve revealed that the overall energy conversion efficiency increased with increasing the deposition cycles giving the best efficiency of 2.73 % at 7 cycles.

Aim Ultrasound scan is the preferred imaging modality in children as it carries no risk of radiation exposure. In this audit, the number of inpatient paediatric ultrasound referrals was assessed over a period of one year. The waiting time was also reviewed in addition to the impact of the results on the management plan. Method This was a retrospective audit which included patients who were below 16 and had inpatient ultrasound scan. Case notes were included from January 2020 to December 2020 in a busy district hospital in the UK. The time taken to perform the ultrasound scans and the impact on the management plan were only analysed for the scans requested for abdominal pain. Results A total of 914 paediatric ultrasounds scans were requested in 2020. A total number of 28 scans were requested for abdominal pain. The waiting time ranged from 3 to 135 hours with a mean of 23 hours. No scans were positive for appendicitis. Only 2 scans were positive for gynaecological pathologies, i.e., ovarian cysts. All the 28 patients were discharged without undergoing any procedure. Out of the 28 patients, 15 patients had a length of hospital stay of more than 24 hours before discharge. Conclusions A mean delay of 23 hours could potentially delay the management of paediatric patients with acute abdominal pathology. None of the patients in this audit underwent any procedure following performed scans. This may indicate that such scans did not alter the management of the studied patients in this audit.

As a result of climate change, abiotic stresses are the most common cause of crop losses worldwide. Abiotic stresses significantly impair plants' physiological, biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms, limiting crop productivity under adverse climate conditions. However, plants can implement essential mechanisms against abiotic stressors to maintain their growth and persistence under such stressful environments. In nature, plants have developed several adaptations and defence mechanisms to mitigate abiotic stress. Moreover, recent research has revealed that signalling molecules like hydrogen sulfide (HS) play a crucial role in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental stresses in plants by implementing several physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Mainly, HS helps to implement antioxidant defence systems, and interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, etc. These molecules are well-known as the key players that moderate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Currently, little progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the protective role of HS; however, it is imperative to understand the molecular basis using the state-of-the-art CRISPR-Cas gene-editing tool. Subsequently, genetic engineering could provide a promising approach to unravelling the molecular basis of stress tolerance mediated by exogenous/endogenous HS. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the beneficial roles of HS in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Further, we also discuss the interaction and crosstalk between HS and other signal molecules; as well as highlighting some genetic engineering-based current and future directions., This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) of China (U1705233 and 31601337), the Science and Technology Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2017N0006) and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of newborn among pregnant females who deliver after prolonged pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital, Lodhran for duration of six months from September 2020 to February 2021. Materials and Methods: 100 patients with pregnancy of >40 weeks were included in study. The patients were not included in this study with medical disorders, intrauterine demise or pregnancy complications. Identification of parameters regarding poor neonatal outcome was done. Variable e.g. gestational age, parity, fetal movement, age, mode of delivery, ultrasound, admission cardiotocogram (CTG) and past prolonged pregnancy were studied. Results: Most of the patients i.e. 39 (39%) were between twenty to twenty five years of age. In this study group multigravida were found in 60 (60%). Emergency caesarean section 65 (65%). Most of babies 64% were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). Meconium aspiration syndrome was most general among complications which were found in 67 (67%). No fetal mortality was observed. Conclusion: Pregnancy should be managed before 42 weeks of gestation and should not allow to go post-term due to high rate of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Key words: Neonate, Post-term Pregnancy, Gestational Age, Meconium Aspiration, NICU, Mortality

Smoking is a severe health problem. Smoking has been shown to increase the risk of systemic inflammation. Neutophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is used as a marker of systemic inflammation and monitors prognosis, morbidity, and mortality in many diseases. This study aimed to analyze NLR in smokers. This is an observational analytic study conducted at Tadulako University, Palu. A total of 48 subjects consisted of 24 active smokers and 24 non-smokers. Subjects were given a questionnaire containing a history of the disease, smoking status, and the number of cigarettes consumed per day. Blood samples were also taken for hematological examination. NLR of the subjects was then compared with the appropriate statistical test. The NLR in the smoker’s group was 1.54 ± 0.81 and in the non-smoker’s group 1.87 ± 1.76. This NLR was not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers, with a p-value of 0.578. Most of the smoking subjects are light and moderate smokers, and it is possible that this condition has not been able to cause a significant increase in systemic inflammation.

Managing electronic waste or e-waste in Jakarta Province, Indonesia, is essential to support sustainable development goals (SDGs). E-waste contains toxic materials and is harmful to the environment while having the potential for a circular economy if appropriately managed. This study aims to analyze electronic waste management, formally originating from households in Jakarta Province, from the aspects of the e-waste collection mechanism, the type of e-waste, the amount of e-waste, and the flow of e-waste information using a descriptive method. The research findings are that the Jakarta Regional Government collects e-waste through three mechanisms: e-waste direct pickup (35.5%), e-waste drop box (0.6%), and e-waste temporary garbage collection (63.9%). The total amount of e-waste managed formally was 33,289 kg in 2021. In practice, there are five types of e-waste: television, lights, batteries, printer cartridges, and other e-waste. The effectiveness of the e-waste collection process needs improving. The amount of e-waste collected can be increased. One of the robust recommendations for improving e-waste management in Jakarta is integrating innovative digital platform-based technology and multi-actor collaboration. This research supports preliminary data and information on the circular economy’s potential and the formulation of specific regulations on e-waste in Indonesia.

Besides tin mining, oil palm plantations are also being carried out. On the other hand, this region is well known as a producer of good quality white pepper which in 2010 its reputation was legally registered as a geographical indication. This protection is given due to the environmental factor in this region which cause the quality of white pepper in this region is different from pepper in other region. However, the massive opening of oil palm plantations causes Pepper plantation area in Bangka and Belitung continues to decrease. This study uses empirical juridical methods; linking the effect of tin mining and oil palm plantations with the reputation of white pepper as a geographical indication. It uses primary and secondary data in which the primary is obtained from the results of interviews while the secondary data is obtained from literature study data on a number of documents. From the results of the conducted study, it was found that the oil palm plantations which reduce the area of pepper plantations and also change the quality make impact to the reputation. The impact can eliminate the reputation of white pepper as a juridical geographical indication and at the same time automatically end the legal protection of white pepper as a geographical indication.

Aim There are a disproportionately higher number of fitness to practise issues reported to the GMC within the BAME medic group than that any other ethnic group. This research seeks to compare differences in cultural nuances, if any, between second generation BAME medical students and whether there is an opportunity to address these within medical training. Method We conducted 4 qualitative one to one interviews of second generation medics (Those whose parents were not from the UK, but were themselves brought up in the UK) and medics who were both from the UK and whose parents had been brought up in the UK. An exploratory interview was conducted of what values were most important to the interviewees and how this affected their decision-making process. The interviewees were medical students from the University of Liverpool all of whom were in their clinical years between year 3-5. The interviewees were randomly chosen after expressing an interest in the research. A literature search across Pubmed and Scopus were conducted to help direct interview questions. Results The main themes interviewees reported impacting on decision making included difficulty of balancing cultures, the impact of religion on cultural values and personal professional values. When compared to the GMC guidelines, these values mostly aligned however there were some differences, mainly in communication and whistleblowing. Conclusions With an increasingly diverse workforce, there should be some further research conducted to address how the differences in culture affects decision making processes with the consideration of incorporation into medical training.