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Educational Governance beschäftigt sich mit der Handlungsabstimmung im Mehrebenensystem Schule und geht der Frage nach, inwiefern Schnittstellenprobleme bei der Interaktion der Akteure auf den Ebenen auftreten. Der Beitrag fokussiert unter dieser Prämisse die Ebene der Einzelschule und analysiert auf Grundlage von Daten einer bundesweit, quasi-längsschnittlich angelegten Online-Befragung von Schulleitungen, wie diese angesichts der unter dem Druck der Pandemie zunehmenden Dezentralisierung von Gestaltungsverantwortung Schule und Unterricht nach den beiden Lockdowns im März und Dezember 2020 unter den geltenden Bestimmungen des Infektionsschutzes organisiert und welche organisationalen Strukturen sie etabliert haben. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass das Kollegium, die regionale Bildungsverwaltung und auch regionale Rektor:innenverbünde relevante Austauschpartner:innen für Schulleitungen darstellen. Zudem ist – zumindest kurzfristig – ein Digitalisierungsschub in den Schulen festzustellen, der sich einerseits in der Nutzung digitaler Strukturen (wie z. B. Durchführung von Videokonferenzen) niederschlägt, und der andererseits auf die kooperative Entwicklung von digitalisierten Lernmaterialien zielt. Inwiefern die unter dem Druck der Pandemie emergierenden Veränderungen auch nachhaltig Einfluss auf das Schulleben nach der Pandemie nehmen werden und in «echten» und somit nachhaltigen Schulentwicklungsprozessen verarbeitet werden, wird in der abschliessenden Diskussion aufgegriffen.

Polysaccharides are dominant components of plant biomass, whose degradation is typically mediated by heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria use extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze polysaccharides to oligosaccharides that are then also available to other bacteria. Recently, a new mechanism of polysaccharide processing – ‘selfish’ uptake – has been recognized, initially among gut-derived bacteria. In ‘selfish’ uptake, polysaccharides are bound at the outer membrane, partially hydrolyzed, and transported into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products, thus limiting the availability of smaller sugars to the surrounding environment. Selfish uptake is widespread in environments ranging from the ocean’s cool, oxygen-rich, organic carbon-poor waters to the warm, carbon-rich, anoxic environment of the human gut. We provide a detailed guide of how to hunt for selfish bacteria, including how to rapidly visualize selfish uptake in complex bacterial communities, identify selfish organisms, and distinguish the activity of selfish organisms from other members of the community.

Native porphyran is a hybrid of porphryan and agarose. As a common element of edible seaweed, this algal galactan is a frequent component of the human diet. Bacterial members of the human gut microbiota have acquired polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that enable the metabolism of porphyran or agarose. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the deconstruction and use of native porphyran remains incompletely defined. Here, we have studied two human gut bacteria, porphyranolytic Bacteroides plebeius and agarolytic Bacteroidesuniformis, that target native porphyran. This reveals an exo-based cycle of porphyran depolymerization that incorporates a keystone sulfatase. In both PULs this cycle also works together with a PUL-encoded agarose depolymerizing machinery to synergistically reduce native porphyran to monosaccharides. This provides a framework for understanding the deconstruction of a hybrid algal galactan, and insight into the competitive and/or syntrophic relationship of gut microbiota members that target rare nutrients.

Die Divergenz in der regionalen Ausbreitung der Pandemie bewirkt, dass Schulen in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß von (Teil-)Schließungen betroffen sind. Neben kognitiven Folgen belegen Forschungsarbeiten Konsequenzen für das Befinden, die Gesundheit sowie die Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die im Sinne der Gewährleistung von Bildungsgerechtigkeit diskutiert werden.

Der Stärkungspakt Stadtfinanzen wurde 2012 als Haushaltssanierungsprogramm für überschuldete Kommunen durch das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen aufgelegt. Sowohl in der Art seiner Ausgestaltung, seinem Finanzvolumen und im Hinblick auf die angewandten Steuerungsinstrumente unterscheidet sich der Stärkungspakt Stadtfinanzen von anderen Sanierungsprogrammen deutscher Länder. Der Beitrag bewertet den Stärkungspakt Stadtfinanzen im Hinblick auf die Erreichung der Programmziele und analysiert die gewählten Steuerungsinstrumente vor dem Hintergrund eines Verständnisses problemorientierter staatlicher Steuerung. Die Treffsicherheit und Problemangemessenheit der Steuerungsinstrumente stehen somit im Fokus der Analyse.

We resolve the problem of optimal regularity and Uhlenbeck compactness for affine connections in General Relativity and Mathematical Physics. First, we prove that any affine connection $\Gamma$, with components $\Gamma \in L^{2p}$ and components of its Riemann curvature ${\rm Riem}(\Gamma)$ in $L^p$, in some coordinate system, can be smoothed by coordinate transformation to optimal regularity, $\Gamma \in W^{1,p}$ (one derivative smoother than the curvature), $p> \max\{n/2,2\}$, dimension $n\geq 2$. For Lorentzian metrics in General Relativity this implies that shock wave solutions of the Einstein-Euler equations are non-singular -- geodesic curves, locally inertial coordinates and the Newtonian limit, all exist in a classical sense, and the Einstein equations hold in the strong sense. The proof is based on an $L^p$ existence theory for the Regularity Transformation (RT) equations, a system of elliptic partial differential equations (introduced by the authors) which determine the Jacobians of the regularizing coordinate transformations. Secondly, this existence theory gives the first extension of Uhlenbeck compactness from Riemannian metrics, to general affine connections bounded in $L^\infty$, with curvature in $L^{p}$, $p>n$, including semi-Riemannian metrics, and Lorentzian metric connections of relativistic Physics. We interpret this as a ``geometric'' improvement of the generalized Div-Curl Lemma. Our theory shows that Uhlenbeck compactness and optimal regularity are pure logical consequences of the rule which defines how connections transform from one coordinate system to another -- what one could take to be the ``starting assumption of geometry''., Comment: V6: Minor improvements to Introduction and title. V5: Extension of main results from $L^\infty$ to $L^p$ curvature. Previous title: "Uhlenbeck compactness for arbitrary $L^\infty$ connections and optimal regularity in General Relativity by the RT-equations". V3 & V4: Minor modifications to the write-up; main results unchanged. V2: Corollaries 2.2, 6.1 and 6.2 added; main results unchanged

Rapid dietary changes, such as switching from high-forage to high-grain diets, can modify the rumen microbiome and initiate gastrointestinal distress, such as bloating. In such cases, feed additives, including prebiotics and live microbials, can be used to mitigate these negative consequences. Bio-Mos® is a carbohydrate-based prebiotic derived from yeast cells that is reported to increase livestock performance. Here, the responses of rumen bacterial cells to Bio-Mos® were quantified, sorted by flow cytometry using fluorescently-labeled yeast mannan, and taxonomically characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing. Further, to evaluate the effects of bovine-adapted Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron administration as a live microbial with and without Bio-Mos® supplementation, we analyzed microbial fermentation products, changes to carbohydrate profiles, and shifts in microbial composition of an in vitro rumen community. Bio-Mos® was shown to be an effective prebiotic that significantly altered microbial diversity, composition, and fermentation; while addition of B. thetaiotaomicron had no effect on community composition and resulted in fewer significant changes to microbial fermentation. When combined with Bio-Mos®, there were notable, although not significant, changes to major bacterial taxa, along with increased significant changes in fermentation end products. These data suggest a synergistic effect is elicited by combining Bio-Mos® and B. thetaiotaomicron. This protocol provides a new in vitro methodology that could be extended to evaluate prebiotics and probiotics in more complex artificial rumen systems and live animals.

In this paper we propose a weaker version of Penrose's much heeded Strong Cosmic Censorship (SCC) conjecture, asserting inextentability of maximal Cauchy developments by manifolds with Lipschitz continuous Lorentzian metrics and Riemann curvature bounded in $L^p$. Lipschitz continuity is the threshold regularity for causal structures, and curvature bounds rule out infinite tidal accelerations, arguing for physical significance of this weaker SCC conjecture. The main result of this paper, under the assumption that no extensions exist with higher connection regularity $W^{1,p}_\text{loc}$, proves in the affirmative this SCC conjecture with bounded curvature for $p$ sufficiently large, ($p>4$ with uniform bounds, $p>2$ without uniform bounds).

Despite efforts by the WHO to support local surveillance strategies in developing countries, there is a lack of robust public health surveillance frameworks. As a result, early infectious disease outbreak detection and response remain a significant challenge for local health systems in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan African countries. In contrast, the growing digital infrastructure, especially in the mobile phone sector, and the global availability of extensive digital data offer promising solutions to enhance and strengthen epidemiological surveillance. Yet, there is little insight into concepts of utilisation and transfer into local public health practice. Using Tanzania as an example, a novel electronic surveillance and early outbreak alert framework is being developed that links signals on emerging diseases with relevant contextual Open Data for rapid outbreak risk assessment. The concept focuses on haemorrhagic fever diseases, specifically dengue virus disease, which is increasingly spreading in sub-Saharan Africa. A data stack framework forms the core of the system, which augments electronic information on the occurrence of acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome, e.g., collected via mobile phone-based surveillance tools, with openly available socio-ecological context data specific to dengue. Preliminary results on the data and information flow within the surveillance framework are presented and strategies for an automated indicator-based risk assessment for dengue outbreaks will be discussed, supplemented by an agent-based simulation framework to model possible short-term outbreak scenarios. In addition, adequate data inputs, identified through an appraisal of various data sources available for Tanzania, are outlined. The framework could serve as a blueprint for designing locally implementable early warning and decision support systems integrated with existing digital surveillance infrastructure., Corresponding Author: Juliane Boenecke (juliane.boenecke@bnitm.de) Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) / CONNECT Education-Research-Innovation (Grant ID: 01DU20005), {"references":["Kostkova P, et al. Data and Digital Solutions to Support Surveillance Strategies in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Digit Health. 2021. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.707902","Nyaruaba R, et al. Arboviruses in the East African Community partner states: a review of medically important mosquito-borne Arboviruses. Pathog Glob Health. 2019. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1678939","Petzold S, et al. Dengue algorithms integrated into the IMCI guidelines: An updatedassessment in five Southeast-Asian countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010832","Akter R, et al. Joint effects of climate variability and socioecological factors ondengue transmission: epidemiological evidence. Trop Med Int Health. 2017. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12868"]}

Background The academic surveillance system SuSy has been collecting and analysing data regarding the health behaviour of health sciences and medical technology students twice a year since 2014. The aims of the project are to identify risk factors as well as trends and to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students. The data provides a suitable basis for planning and implementing health promotion and prevention measures to improve students’ health. Methods A cross-sectional assessment as part of a rolling cohort analysis overall captured data of more than 3,000 cases using quantitative paper-pencil and online questionnaires at a German university in Hamburg. In autumn 2021, 257 students (193 women, 62 men), aged 18 to 54 years participated in the survey. However, trends are only described among undergraduate health sciences students (n ≈ 150 each survey). Results During the COVID-19 pandemic the health behaviour of students has changed considerably in many aspects. After remaining almost constant for five years the percentage of students consuming analgetic drugs regularly increased significantly from 45 % to 68 % during the first two years of the pandemic. The percentage of students consuming soporific drugs and tranquilizers has doubled during the same time and reached a new high (28 %) in autumn 2021. Parallel to the implementation and relaxation of relevant restrictions the consumption of alcohol first decreased noticeably, but then rose to an even higher level. Also, the percentage of students exhibiting low mental well-being more than doubled from 18 % to 43 %. Conclusions The surveys indicate that students started to engage in riskier health behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic while being subjected to low mental well-being. In addition to the observed vulnerability, further research regarding students’ health is required to identify potential, yet generalisable health risks to enhance and initiate expedient preventive measures. Key messages • The development, implementation and regular enhancement of a student health-related surveillance system is advisable. • University students need to receive more public health attention in the future.

Purpose The increase of shellfish production has raised environmental concerns, i.e., enrichment and redistribution of nutrients and energy consumption. Efforts assessing the environmental burdens arising from the expansion of shellfish production have been made using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Although LCA has been extensively applied and reviewed in aquaculture systems, shellfish production remains scarcely studied. The objective of this review is to identify methodological trends, highlight gaps and limitations, and provide guidelines for future studies. Methods A systematic literature review was applied to scientific studies published up to 2021. A total of 13 documents were shorted by abstract and full text-screening. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria were further analyzed in six different aspects of a LCA (functional unit, system boundaries, data and data quality, allocation, impact assessment methods, interpretation methods). Discussion and guidelines are provided for each reviewed aspect. Results and discussions Shellfish LCAs differ considerably from other aquaculture studies mainly because shellfish avoids the allocation of impacts derived from the production of fishmeal. Co-products are present when the shellfish is processed, e.g., in canned products. Furthermore, shellfish studies do not take into account the positive credits from the removal of nutrients from the ecosystems and from the valorization of the shellfish waste (shell and organic remains). Limited information was found for countries outside Europe and species different from mussels. Despite the variability on goals and scopes of the studies, methodological trends were found. The local impacts of the shellfish with the farming area and the impacts on biodiversity have not been included into the studies. Conclusions and recommendations Effort should be made in providing the data associated with the fore-background system within the studies in order to improve transparency and to allow the reproduction of the results. Information regarding the natural condition of the cultivation area should be provided as the shellfish production depends mainly on non-anthropogenic conditions. Application of biodiversity assessment methodologies should be encouraged, despite their limitations.

Subterranean foraging army ants (Labidus coecus) preyed on eggs and hatchlings of three species of Amazon River turtles (genus Podocnemis) in northeastern Peru. The raided nests were in a hatchery constructed atop the soil surface of a beach on the Tapiche River. The ant raid persisted across at least 9 days, and ant foraging impacted nests over an area of approximately 14 m2. Observations suggest the ant workers chewed through turtle egg shells and entered nestling turtle body cavities via their eyes and yolk sacks (when present). Our observations, combined with previous reports, show that ant predation on river turtle nests, and particularly predation by Labidus coecus, is geographically widespread in Amazonia. Ant predation may represent an under-recorded source of turtle egg and nestling mortality. We discuss how army ant behavior affects strategies for mitigating ant predation in turtle hatcheries.

One crucial advantage of additive manufacturing regarding the optimization of lattice structures is that there is a reduction in manufacturing constraints compared to classical manufacturing methods. To make full use of these advantages and to exploit the resulting potential, it is necessary that lattice structures are designed using optimization. Against this backdrop, two mixed integer programs are developed in order to use the methods of mathematical optimization in the context of topology optimization on the basis of a fitted ground structure method. In addition, an algorithm driven product design process is presented to systematically combine the areas of mathematical optimization, computer aided design, finite element analysis and additive manufacturing. Our developed computer aided design tool serves as an interface between state-of-the-art mathematical solvers and computer aided design software and is used for the generation of design data based on optimization results. The first mixed integer program focuses on powder-based additive manufacturing, including a preprocessing that allows a multi-material topology optimization. The second mixed integer program generates support-free lattice structures for additive manufacturing processes usually depending on support structures, by considering geometry-based design rules for inclined and support-free cylinders and assumptions for location and orientation of parts within a build volume. The problem to strengthen a lattice structure by local thickening or beam addition or both, with the objective function to minimize costs, is modeled. In doing so, post-processing is excluded. An optimization of a static area load with a practice-oriented number of connection nodes and beams was manufactured using the powder-based additive manufacturing system EOS INT P760.

Introduction Jamaica did not achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in 2020. This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with uptake of HIV treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jamaica and to assess the effectiveness of revised treatment guidelines. Methods This secondary analysis used patient-level data from the National Treatment Service Information System. The baseline sample was 8147 PLHIV initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) between January 2015-December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical variables and the primary outcome timing of ART initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ART initiation (same day vs 31+ days), using categorical variables for age group, sex and regional health authority. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results Most persons initiated ART at 31+ days (n = 3666, 45%) after the first clinic date or on the same day (n = 3461, 43%). Same day ART initiation increased from 37% to 51% over 5 years and was significantly associated with males (aOR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92), 2018 (aOR = 0.66, CI = 0.56–0.77), 2019 (aOR = 0.77, CI = 0.65–0.92). late HIV diagnosis (aOR = 0.3, CI = 0.27–0.33) and viral suppression at the first viral load test (aOR = 0.6, CI = 0.53–0.67). ART initiation at 31+days was associated with 2015 (aOR = 1.21, CI = 1.01–1.45) and 2016 (aOR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53) compared to 2017. Conclusion Our study shows that same day ART initiation increased between 2015–2019, however it remains too low. Same day initiation was associated with the years after Treat All implementation and late initiation before Treat All, providing evidence of the strategy’s success. In order to achieve the UNAIDS targets, there is a need to also increase the number of diagnosed PLHIV retained on treatment in Jamaica. Further studies should be conducted to understand important challenges to accessing treatment as well as differentiated care models to improve treatment uptake and retention.

IntroductionJamaica did not achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in 2020. This study aims to examine trends and factors associated with uptake of HIV treatment and viral load testing among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jamaica, to make recommendations for improving patient management and outcomes.MethodsThis secondary analysis uses patient-level data from the National Treatment Service Information System. The baseline sample is PLHIV initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) between January 2015-December 2019. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize demographic and clinical variables. Multivariable logistic regression is used to assess factors associated with ART initiation (31+ days vs. same day) and viral load testing uptake (viral load test vs. no test), using categorical variables for age group, gender and regional health authority. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported.ResultsSame day ART initiation increased by 72% over 5 years. The coverage of 1st viral load test was 90% but declined to 79% for the 2nd test. Testing occurred mostly after 0-6 months on ART (n=3047, 55%) and uptake was highest in the South-East Region (n=2885, 53%). Those virally suppressed were significantly more likely to have same day ART initiation compared to those non-suppressed (aOR=1.58, CI=1.43-1.75). Males were significantly more likely to have same day ART initiation (aOR=1.46, CI=1.32-1.62) but no first viral load test (aOR=1.55, CI=1.27-1.90) compared to females.ConclusionThe goal of immediate ART initiation is increasingly being met and is significantly associated with viral suppression at the first viral load test. Males were less likely to have a viral load test after ART initiation. A qualitative assessment should be conducted to understand important challenges faced to access routine viral load testing, followed by implementation of differentiated service care models, targeting males.

We have developed several time-gated imaging techniques that allow the viewing of objects through dense scattering material. These techniques are based on nonlinear optical Raman interactions and include pulse gating using stimulated Raman amplification and correlation gating using both coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering. In the ballistic imaging regime, images with resolution better than 125 μm have been obtained after scattering attenuations of up to e−33. We have performed theoretical studies to determine image resolution in the diffuse and quasi-diffuse scattering regimes. In the fully diffuse regime the spatial resolution is found to be approximately one-fifth of the length of the scatterer. We have verified this result experimentally. We have also used the above techniques to perform range-gated imaging of objects embedded in scattering and non-scattering material.

This thesis investigates share buybacks, specifically share buyback announcements. It addresses how to recognize such announcements, the excess return of share buybacks, and the prediction of returns after a share buyback announcement. We illustrate two NLP approaches for the automated detection of share buyback announcements. Even with very small amounts of training data, we can achieve an accuracy of up to 90%. This thesis utilizes these NLP methods to generate a large dataset consisting of 57,155 share buyback announcements. By analyzing this dataset, this thesis aims to show that most companies, which have a share buyback announced are underperforming the MSCI World. A minority of companies, however, significantly outperform the MSCI World. This significant overperformance leads to a net gain when looking at the averages of all companies. If the benchmark index is adjusted for the respective size of the companies, the average overperformance disappears, and the majority underperforms even greater. However, it was found that companies that announce a share buyback with a volume of at least 1% of their market cap, deliver, on average, a significant overperformance, even when using an adjusted benchmark. It was also found that companies that announce share buybacks in times of crisis emerge better than the overall market. Additionally, the generated dataset was used to train 72 machine learning models. Through this, it was able to find many strategies that could achieve an accuracy of up to 77% and generate great excess returns. A variety of performance indicators could be improved across six different time frames and a significant overperformance was identified. This was achieved by training several models for different tasks and time frames as well as combining these different models, generating significant improvement by fusing weak learners, in order to create one strong learner.

Starting from the integral formulation of radiative transfer theory, we present a calculation of the intensity and direction of light traversing a multiply scattering medium in the isotropic scattering case for pulsed point source illumination. From these calculations we examine the point-spread-function as a function of detector integration time and sample thickness when the diffusion approximation is not valid. We show that image resolution better than the diffusion limit is theoretically possible using multiply scattered light for samples thinner than about 35 scattering lengths. Monte Carlo simulations are used to extend these results to the anisotropic scattering case.

Numerous studies and models address the determinants of health. However, in existing models, the spatial aspects of the determinants are not or only marginally taken into account and a theoretical discussion of the association between space and the determinants of health is missing. The aim of this paper is to generate a framework that can be used to place the determinants of health in a spatial context. A screening of the current literature first serves to identify the relevant determinants and describes the current state of knowledge. In addition, spatial scales that are important for the spatial consideration of health were developed and discussed. Based on these two steps, the conceptual framework on the spatial determinants of health was derived and subsequently discussed. The results show a variety of determinants that are associated with health from a spatial point of view. The overarching categories are global driving forces, policy and governance, living and physical environment, socio-demographic and economic conditions, healthcare services and cultural and working conditions. Three spatial scales (macro, meso and micro) are further subdivided into six levels, such as global (e.g., continents), regional (e.g., council areas) or neighbourhood (e.g., communities). The combination of the determinants and spatial scales are presented within a conceptual framework as a result of this work. Operating mechanisms and pathways between the spatial levels were added schematically. This is the first conceptual framework that links the determinants of health with the spatial perspective. It can form the working basis for future analyses in which spatial aspects of health are taken into account. publishedVersion

Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in end-stage kidney disease. We evaluated if pretransplant sarcopenia affects posttransplant outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients.In this single-center retrospective study of adult patients with end-stage kidney disease, we analyzed the association between pre-KT psoas muscle cross-sectional area and critical posttransplant outcomes of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), graft loss, rehospitalization, and mortality using Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, and race.Pre-KT abdomen and pelvic computed tomography scans performed during evaluation for KT eligibility were available for 573 KT recipients. Of these, 465 KT recipients received kidney alone transplant, 71 received simultaneous liver kidney transplant (SLK), and 37 received simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant (SPK). Patients were 49 (SD, 13) years old, 16% Black, and 60% men. For kidney alone transplant recipients, a higher psoas muscle cross-sectional area was associated with a shorter length of hospitalization (β coefficient = -0.003; 95% CI, -0.005 to -0.0007). Conversely, pre-KT psoas muscle cross-sectional area did not predict decline in eGFR, graft loss, mortality, or early rehospitalization. For SLK recipients, psoas muscle cross-sectional area did not predict any of the priori outcomes. For SPK recipients, higher pretransplant psoas muscle cross-sectional area predicted a longer length of hospitalization (β coefficient = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05). There was no association between psoas muscle cross-sectional area and other outcomes assessed.Pretransplant psoas muscle cross-sectional areas are not predictive of post-transplant decline in eGFR, graft loss, rehospitalization or mortality in kidney alone, SPK, or SLK transplants.

De Hair Apposition Technique (HAT) is een sluittechniek voor ongecompliceerde traumatische wonden van de behaarde hoofdhuid die kleiner zijn dan 10 cm en bij haar dat langer is dan 1 centimeter. Het sluiten van de wond door haarplukken te draaien en met lijm vast te hechten maakt deze techniek veilig. Ze vormt een goed alternatief voor hechten. Omdat verdoving niet nodig is, is de HAT vooral voor kinderen een patientvriendelijke sluittechniek. Wat betreft complicaties en patienttevredenheid zijn hechten en de HAT vergelijkbaar, waarbij de laatste eenvoudiger, sneller en goedkoper is. Er is nog meer inzicht nodig in de toepasbaarheid en aanvaardbaarheid van deze techniek bij kinderen.

Background Patients with a lesion within the amygdala and uncus may develop temporal lobe epilepsy despite having functional mesial structures. Resection of functional hippocampus and surrounding structures may lead to unacceptable iatrogenic deficits. To our knowledge, there is limited descriptions of surgical techniques for selectively resecting the amygdala and uncus lesions while preserving the hippocampus in patients with language-dominant temporal lobe pathology. Methods Thirteen patients with language-dominant temporal lobe epilepsy related to amygdala-centric lesions were identified. Patients with sclerosis of the mesial structures or evidence of pathology outside of the amygdala-uncus region were excluded. Neuropsychological evaluation confirmed normal function of the mesial structures ipsilateral to the lesion. All patients were worked up with video-EEG, high-resolution brain MRI, neuro-psychology evaluation, and either Wada or functional MRI testing. Results All patients underwent selective resection of the lesion including amygdala and uncus with preservation of the hippocampus via a transcortical inferior temporal gyrus approach to the mesial temporal lobe. Pathology was compatible with glioneuronal tumors. Post-operative MRI demonstrated complete resection in all patients. Eight of the thirteen patients underwent post-operative neuropsychology evaluations and did not demonstrate any significant decline in tasks of delayed verbal recall or visual memory based on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). One patient showed a slight decrease in confrontation naming using the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Seizure freedom (Engel class I) was achieved in 12 of 13 patients. Conclusion Selective transcortical amygdala and uncus resection with hippocampus preservation may be a reasonable way to achieve seizure control while sparing functional mesial structures.

Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most fatal type of any gynecological cancer. Prognosis for the disease is poor, with a median survival of only thirty-two months following diagnosis and a five-year survival rate of only 39%. Many of the most lethal ovarian cancer cases are classified as part of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) subtype, which is the most aggressive form of the disease. The primary concern with regards to treatment is that nearly 30% of patients will develop a resistance to forms of platinum chemotherapy, which is the main method of treatment. This suggests that a one-size fits all approach cannot be taken to treat ovarian cancer, and that further research must be done to understand how to treat the patients who present with platinum resistance. This literature review examines the mutations within two susceptible loci, specifically, the p53 and BRCA1/2 genes, in order to understand how platinum resistance develops and why it is present in some patients. The objectives of this review are to characterize the underlying genetic mechanisms affecting platinum resistance, specify the biomarkers associated with those mechanisms, and describe alternative methods for approaching the treatment of ovarian cancer on an individual scale.

Die Debatte um Schul- und Berufspraktische Studien adressiert vor allem die Frage nach der gegenstandsbezogenen bzw. disziplinären (Selbst-)Positionierung und (Selbst-)Vergewisserung. Der 6. Band der IGSP-Publikationsreihe will diese Zentrierung auf Selbstreferenz überschreiten. Die Beiträge sollen verdeutlichen, dass auch die mit Inter- und Transdisziplinarität gekennzeichneten Beziehungen innerhalb der akademischen Institutionen der Lehrer*innenbildung bzw. in das Professionsfeld hinein der vertieften Diskussion und Analyse bedürfen. In der Professionalisierungsdebatte wird diese Diskussion zurzeit mit Bezug auf den normativen Anspruch an eine „kohärente Lehrer*innenbildung“ geführt. Im Fokus dieses Bandes stehen Beiträge, welche die Frage nach dem Anspruch an eine Förderung von Kohärenz in der Lehrer*innenbildung aufgreifen. Sie eröffnen damit einen vielfältigen Blick auf den Umgang mit dem Kohärenzanspruch in schulpraktischen bzw. praxisbezogenen Settings der Lehrer*innenbildung und auf die sich auf verschiedene Weisen herausbildenden alternativen Qualifizierungsformen der nicht grundständigen Lehrer*innenbildung. Die Beiträge bedienen sich unterschiedlicher theoretischer und forschungsmethodischer Zugänge und leuchten damit Angebote im Zusammenspiel zwischen Universität, Studienseminar und Schulen aus.