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5 results on '"Region Grand-Est"'

1. Unprecedented pluri-decennial increase in the growing stock of French forests is persistent and dominated by private broadleaved forests

Author

Jean-Christophe Hervé, Anaïs Denardou, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Jean Bir, Jean-Daniel Bontemps, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Laboratoire d'Inventaire Forestier (LIF), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME)Region Grand-Est, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), and Region Grand-Est

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Forest management, National forest inventory, Area, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Carbon stock, Forest expansion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stock (geology), Ecology, Advanced stage, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Forest transition, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Returning forests, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; & Key message French forests exhibit the fastest relative changes across Europe. Growing stock increases faster than area,and is greatest in low-stocked private broadleaved forests. Past areal increases and current GS levels show positive effectson GS expansion, with GS increases hence expected to persist.& Context Strong increases in growing stocks (GS) of European forests for decades remain poorly understood and of unknownduration. French forests showing the greatest relative changes across Europe form the investigated case study.& Aims The magnitudes of net area, GS, and GS density (GSD) changes were evaluated across forest categories reflecting forestpolicy and land-use drivers. The roles of forest areal changes, GS and GSD levels on GS changes were investigated.& Methods National Forest Inventory data were used to produce time series of area, GS and GSD across forest categories over1976–2014, and exploratory causal models of GS changes.& Results GS (+ 57%) increased three times faster than area, highlighting an advanced stage in the forest transition. Low-stockedprivate forests exhibited strong changes in GS/GSD, greatest in private broadleaved forests, stressing the contribution of returningforests on abandoned lands. Regression models demonstrated positive effects of both past areal increases and current GS, on GSexpansion.& Conclusion Aerial C-sink in French forests is expected to persist in future decades.

Published
2020
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2. Detection of minor compounds in complex mineral samples from millions of spectra: A new data analysis strategy in LIBS imaging

Author

Ludovic Duponchel, Frédéric Pelascini, Cécile Fabre, Jean Cauzid, Vincent Motto-Ros, Alessandro Nardecchia, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cetim Grand Est, Spectrométrie des biomolécules et agrégats (SPECTROBIO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pulsalys, French region Grand Est, French region Rhones Alpes Auvergne (Optolyse, CPER2016), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Chemical imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Clustering, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, Big data, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Cluster analysis, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Detection limit, business.industry, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pattern recognition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Artificial intelligence, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Today, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) imaging is in full change. Indeed, always more stable instrumentations are developed, which significantly increases the signal quality and naturally the analytical potential of the technique for the characterization of complex and heterogeneous samples at the micro-scale level. Obviously, other intrinsic features such as a limit of detection in the order of ppm, a high field of view and high acquisition rate make it one of the most complete chemical imaging techniques to date. It is thus possible in these conditions to acquire several million spectra from one single sample in just hours. Managing big data in LIBS imaging is the challenge ahead. In this paper, we put forward a new spectral analysis strategy, called embedded k-means clustering, for simultaneous detection of major and minor compounds and the generation of associated localization maps. A complex rock section with different phases and traces will be explored to demonstrate the value of this approach.

Published
2020
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3. Genomic Signatures of a Major Adaptive Event in the Pathogenic Fungus Melampsora larici-populina

Author

Antoine Persoons, Agathe Maupetit, Clémentine Louet, Axelle Andrieux, Anna Lipzen, Kerrie W Barry, Hyunsoo Na, Catherine Adam, Igor V Grigoriev, Vincent Segura, Sébastien Duplessis, Pascal Frey, Fabien Halkett, Stéphane De Mita, Alba, Mar, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, The work within the framework of the poplar rust genome project (CSP 1416) conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231., A.P. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine and INRAE and a partial post doc fellowship from the Region Grand-Est., A.M. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine and INRAE., C.L. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine, ANR-12-ADAP-0009,GANDALF,Génomique et adaptation des traits de vie des champignons impliqués dans les interactions plante-pathogène(2012), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and ANR-18-CE32-0001,Clonix2D,Les conséquences génétiques de reproduction partiellement clonale dans les populations colonisant de nouveaux territoires(2018)

Subjects
AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, 0106 biological sciences, population genomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genome scan, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, plant–pathogen interactions, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, 0303 health sciences, Basidiomycota, plant-pathogen interactions, Human Genome, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, Genomics, Populus, coevolution, genome-wide association studies, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Article, Biotechnology, Developmental Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The recent availability of genome-wide sequencing techniques has allowed systematic screening for molecular signatures of adaptation, including in nonmodel organisms. Host–pathogen interactions constitute good models due to the strong selective pressures that they entail. We focused on an adaptive event which affected the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina when it overcame a resistance gene borne by its host, cultivated poplar. Based on 76 virulent and avirulent isolates framing narrowly the estimated date of the adaptive event, we examined the molecular signatures of selection. Using an array of genome scan methods based on different features of nucleotide diversity, we detected a single locus exhibiting a consistent pattern suggestive of a selective sweep in virulent individuals (excess of differentiation between virulent and avirulent samples, linkage disequilibrium, genotype–phenotype statistical association, and long-range haplotypes). Our study pinpoints a single gene and further a single amino acid replacement which may have allowed the adaptive event. Although our samples are nearly contemporary to the selective sweep, it does not seem to have affected genome diversity further than the immediate vicinity of the causal locus, which can be explained by a soft selective sweep (where selection acts on standing variation) and by the impact of recombination in mitigating the impact of selection. Therefore, it seems that properties of the life cycle of M. larici-populina, which entails both high genetic diversity and outbreeding, has facilitated its adaptation.

Published
2021
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4. Visualizing Classifier Adjacency Relations: A Case Study in Speaker Verification and Voice Anti-Spoofing

Author

Xin Wang, Kong Aik Lee, Massimiliano Todisco, Junichi Yamagishi, Andreas Nautsch, Md. Sahidullah, Héctor Delgado, Tomi Kinnunen, Nicholas Evans, University of Eastern Finland, Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), National Institute of Informatics (NII), Nuance Communications [Spain], Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), This work was supported by a number of projects and funding sources: VoicePersonae, supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) with grant No. JPMJCR18A6, Academy of Finland (proj. 309629), Region Grand Est, France., Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Sound (cs.SD), Computer science, multi-dimensional scaling, 02 engineering and technology, Classifier, Statistics - Applications, Computer Science - Sound, Machine Learning (cs.LG), Set (abstract data type), 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Classifier (linguistics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applications (stat.AP), Representation (mathematics), [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Visual comparison, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Pattern recognition, Mixture model, Automatic summarization, Adjacency list, Artificial intelligence, 0305 other medical science, business, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Whether it be for results summarization, or the analysis of classifier fusion, some means to compare different classifiers can often provide illuminating insight into their behaviour, (dis)similarity or complementarity. We propose a simple method to derive 2D representation from detection scores produced by an arbitrary set of binary classifiers in response to a common dataset. Based upon rank correlations, our method facilitates a visual comparison of classifiers with arbitrary scores and with close relation to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and detection error trade-off (DET) analyses. While the approach is fully versatile and can be applied to any detection task, we demonstrate the method using scores produced by automatic speaker verification and voice anti-spoofing systems. The former are produced by a Gaussian mixture model system trained with VoxCeleb data whereas the latter stem from submissions to the ASVspoof 2019 challenge., Comment: Accepted to Interspeech 2021. Example code available at https://github.com/asvspoof-challenge/classifier-adjacency

Published
2021
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5. On the prequantisation map for 2-plectic manifolds

Author

Tilmann Wurzbacher, Gabriel Sevestre, Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The work of Gabriel Sevestre was financed by the Region Grand Est (France).

Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Pure mathematics, Structure (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, multisymplectic geometry, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, multiplicative vector fields, 0101 mathematics, 10. No inequality, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010102 general mathematics, 58H05, 53C08, 53D50 (Primary) 53D05 (Secondary), Observable, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Manifold, MSC (2020) Primary: 58H05, 53C08, 53D50, Secondary: 53D05, Lie groupoid, prequantisation, Differential Geometry (math.DG), Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry, [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], Homogeneous space, Symplectic Geometry (math.SG), geometrisation of integral three-forms, 010307 mathematical physics, Geometry and Topology
Abstract

For a manifold $M$ with an integral closed 3-form $\omega$, we construct a $PU(H)$-bundle and a Lie groupoid over its total space, together with a curving in the sense of gerbes. If the form is non-degenerate, we furthermore give a natural Lie 2-algebra quasi-isomorphism from the observables of $(M,\omega)$ to the weak symmetries of the above geometric structure, generalising the prequantisation map of Kostant and Souriau., Comment: Typos are corrected. A reference and an acknowledgement is added. A revised version (upon submission and refereeing) is now published. These revisions are not included in this arXiv version

Published
2020
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