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Startup-yritysten roolista journalismin uudistajina on ristiriitaisia näkemyksiä, mutta niiden katsotaan kuitenkin yleisesti tuovan alalle uusia toimintamalleja ja haastavan vakiintuneita instituutioita. Sijoittajien merkitys journalistisen startup-yrittämisen kentällä on jäänyt vähälle huomiolle, vaikka he viime kädessä päättävät, millaiset yritykset saavat mahdollisuuden käynnistää tai kehittää toimintaansa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelemme startup-sijoittajia SCOT-teorian kehyksessä journalismin portinvartijoina ja journalistiseen metadiskurssiin osallistuvina keskustelijoina, joilla on alan kehittämiseen liittyvää valtaa ja vastuuta. Tavoitteenamme on tarkentaa kuvaa siitä, millaiset ajattelutavat ohjaavat journalismin rahoittamista startup-kentällä ja miten sijoittajat hahmottavat startupyritysten roolin ja oman merkityksensä journalismin kehittämisessä. Aineistomme koostuu startup-sijoittamisen asiantuntijoiden haastatteluista, joita analysoimme diskurssintutkimuksen näkökulmasta. Haastateltavien puheessa hahmottuu journalististen ihanteiden ja sijoitusdiskurssin välille ristiriita, jonka valossa journalistinen startup näyttäytyy lähes paradoksina. Satunnaisia uudistavan ajattelun alkuja löytyy tulkinnallisesta joustavuudesta, kun journalismin määritelmää venytetään viihteellisten sisältöjen suuntaan tai pääomasijoittamisen määritelmää vastuullisen sijoittamisen suuntaan. Aineistossa puhuva sijoittaja ei asemoidu vastuulliseksi portinvartijaksi vaan arvioi journalismin näkymiä neutraaliksi rakentuvasta positiosta, jolloin kentälle syntyy vastuutyhjiö. The role of startup companies in renewing journalism is a topic of debate; however, startups are generally thought to challenge incumbent institutions and innovate new ways of doing things. The significance of investors in the field of journalistic startups has, to date, garnered little attention. Yet it is investors who decide which companies get a chance to launch and develop their business. In this study, we examine startup investors in the field of journalism through the SCOT theoretical framework, as journal-ism’s gatekeepers and discussants in the metajournalistic discourse –actors imbued with power and responsibility with regard to the future of journalism. Our aim is to de-scribe the ways of talking and reasoning that guide funding decisions in the journalistic startup field, with the focus on how investors conceptualize their own role and the role of startup companies in the evolution of journalism. Our data comprises interviews with startup investment experts, which we analyse from a discourse analytical view-point. The analysis reveals in the interviewees’ talk a fundamental contradiction be-tween the ideals of journalism and venture capital investing, which defines journalistic startups as something of a paradox. There are, however, traces of more transformative thinking. These are based on interpretive flexibility such as stretching the concept of journalism towards entertainment or the concept of venture investing towards socially responsible investing. The investor subject speaking in our data does not position themselves as a gatekeeper with power or responsibility. Instead, they assess journal-ism and its prospects from an assumedly neutral position, thereby creating a vacuum of responsibility peerReviewed

Since 2001, the Indonesian government has formulated and implemented several restoration programs to improve the Citarum’s water quality. However, these programs were often contested, particularly concerning the meanings of ‘water quality’ and how those informed approaches to responsibility and involvement. This paper problematises river restoration in view of these controversies towards improving people’s lives and their environment. Our investigation found (1) a selective use of scientific knowledge of water quality and related responsibilities; (2) a tension between broader inclusion and military involvement in river restoration; and (3) a diverse host of informal restoration practices that largely remain unnoticed in view of the government programs. The findings indicate that river governance can benefit from recognising and tuning into below-the-radar restoration practices to tackle river pollution.

Several leading theorists embrace the Simple Desert Account of Discrimination. This account involves two claims: it claims that a mismatch between what people deserve, on the one hand, and what they get, on the other hand, is (a) integral to discrimination, and (b) wrong. I shall query (a). First, I challenge what I see as the principal, positive argument for the Simple Desert Account. Second, in some cases wrongful discrimination brings about a better match between desert and what people get. Situations in which this could be the case include those where: the discriminatee is a serial discriminator herself; the person wrongfully discriminated in favour of deserves greater advantages than she enjoys; by engaging in wrongful discrimination the discriminator reduces her moral deservingness and thereby the gap between her level of deservingness and her otherwise unfittingly low level of advantage.

[EN] The purpose of this work is to analyze on a global level, without focusing on any specific company or sector, the use that is being made of the social media Twitter to address the communication processes of CSR in companies. To do this, data was captured through programming in R and using an Application Program Interface (API) in Twitter. The data were analyzed using text mining techniques and graphical network analysis with the help of R and Gephi software, respectively. The results show that there are no notable groups or movements in the corporate sphere as generators of CSR content. The importance of the social perspective of CSR in communication processes should be emphasized. Finally, CSR generates positive feelings and emotions such as trust in society. It is concluded that there is no efficient use by companies of Twitter as a CSR communication tool, they are not taking into account the interests of their stakeholders, nor are they generating the dialogue and interaction necessary for communication to be effective. The main limitation is associated with the time period in which the sample was taken, which coincides with a period of strong social concern about the pandemic. It would be interesting for future research to analyze how the discourse changes over time, and to what extent an extraordinary social situation, such as the pandemic, is reflected in CSR communication. [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar a nivel global, sin centrarse en ninguna empresa o sector concreto, el uso que se está haciendo de la red social Twitter para abordar los procesos de comunicación de la RSC en las empresas. Para ello se hizo uso de captura de datos a través de programación en R y una Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones (API) en Twitter. Se trataron los datos mediante técnicas de minería de texto y análisis gráfico de redes con la ayuda respectivamente de los softwares R y Gephi. Los resultados muestran que no existen grupos o movimientos notables dentro del ámbito corporativo como generadores de contenido en materia de RSC. Además, se observa la importancia de la perspectiva social de la RSC en los procesos de comunicación de la misma. Por último, se pone de manifiesto que la RSC genera sentimientos positivos y emociones como la confianza en la sociedad. Se concluye que las empresas no están realizando un uso eficiente de Twitter como herramienta de comunicación de la RSC, no están teniendo en cuenta los intereses de sus partes interesadas, ni generando el diálogo y la interacción necesaria para que la comunicación sea eficaz. La principal limitación está asociada al periodo temporal en el que se toma la muestra que coincide con un momento de fuerte preocupación social por la pandemia. Sería interesante que futuras investigaciones analizaran cómo va cambiando el discurso a lo largo del tiempo, y en qué medida una situación social extraordinaria, como es el caso de la pandemia, se ve reflejada en la comunicación de la CSR. This activity has been partially funded by UNIR Research (http://research.unir.net), International University of La Rioja (UNIR, http://www.unir.net), Research Group TR3S-i “Liquid work and emerging risks in the information society”.

This study discusses the legal responsibilities of guarantors for non-performing loans in the borgtocht system during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research method used is normative juridical. The research concludes that the guarantor's responsibility for non-permorfing loans in banks under the borgtocht system during the Covid-19 Pandemic era is in accordance with Article 1831 of the Civil Code, namely the guarantor is not required to pay the creditor, unless the debtor is negligent, while the debtor's assets must first be confiscated and auctioned to pay off the debt, but the guarantor cannot ask the creditor to confiscate the goods belonging to the debtor first, before the collateral belonging to the guarantor debtor (borg) is confiscated, if the guarantor releases his privileges through a borgtocht deed, it is regulated in Article 1832 of the Civil Code that the guarantor cannot demand that the debtor’s property be confiscated and sold first to pay off his debt if he has waived his privilege to demand that the borrower's property be confiscated/auctioned first. Settlement efforts in the event of non-performing credit involving the guarantor debtor (borg) during the Covid-19 Pandemic include the debtor has the right to apply for credit restructuring if in fact the debtor has defaulted in making debt payments. Other efforts are by peaceful means such as deliberations or negotiations, so that there is no confiscation of the collateral belonging to the guarantor debtor, and the settlement through legal channels is submitted to the Court to be executed on the guarantee and then auctioned off.Key Words: Responsibility; borgtocht system; Covid-19 AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tangung jawab hukum penjamin pada kredit macet dalam sistem borgtocht di era Pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tanggung Jawab penjamin pada kredit macet perbankan dalam sistem borgtocht di era Pandemi Covid-19 sesuai Pasal 1831 KUHPerdata, yaitu penanggung tidak diwajibkan membayar kepada si berpiutang, selain jika si berutang lalai, sedangkan harta si berutang harus terlebih dahulu disita dan dijual untuk melunasi utangnya, namun penjamin tidak dapat memintakan kepada kreditur untuk melakukan penyitaan terhadap barang-barang milik debitur terlebih dahulu, sebelum barang jaminan milik debitur penjamin (borg) disita, apabila penjamin melepas hak istimewanya melalui akta borgtocht, diatur dalam Pasal 1832 KUHPerdata bahwa penanggung tidak dapat menuntut supaya harta pihak peminjam lebih dahulu disita dan dijual untuk melunasi utangnya apabila ia telah melepaskan hak istimewanya untuk menuntut supaya harta pihak peminjam lebih dahulu disita/dijual. Upaya penyelesaian jika terjadi kredit macet yang melibatkan debitur penjamin (borg) di masa Pandemi Covid-19, yaitu debitur mempunyai hak untuk mengajukan restrukturisasi kredit jika memang kenyataannya debitur melakukan wanprestasi dalam melakukan pembayaran utang. Upaya lain dengan cara damai/musyawarah/bernegosiasi, sehingga tidak ada penyitaan agunan milik debitur penjamin, dan penyelesaian dengan jalur hukum diserahkan ke Pengadilan untuk dieksekusi atas jaminan lalu dilelang.Kata-kata Kunci: Tanggung jawab; sistem borgtocht; covid-19

Participants of the study were junior students of Malolos City High School-Bungahan, District II City of Malolos during the school year 2021-2022. Fifty percent of the students was used as sample drawn through systematic sampling. The study focused on six factors of students' attentiveness to learning efficiency, namely: productive practice, sense of commitment. teacher dominance, dedication, self-trust, and anticipated mastery. Students' academic performance amidst pandemic in Physical Education was based on the grade they obtained in Physical Education during the 1st quarter. Gender was the only profile variable for correlation purposes. Checklist was the main tool to gather data; the techniques of online interviews and observations were employed to validate significant findings. In view of the findings arrived at and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations were offered: Teachers should exert efforts to enhance students' attentiveness in terms of dedication, anticipated mastery, and sense of commitment by coming up with more varied motivating styles and blended class activities, a more comprehensible presentation of subject matter to enhance students' anticipated mastery, and the setting of clear and understandable directions of what students have to expect in the subject. Teachers should continually exert productive practice to monitor students' attentiveness along the six factors as these are interrelationship which can induce and stimulate students' enthusiasm and interest in the subject. The school head should consider as agenda during meetings the necessity of looking into students' attentiveness as these can enhance students' academic productive practice in Physical Education.

Straipsnyje svarstoma kaltės bei atsakomybės samprata Jasperso ir Levino filosofijoje. Pirma, aptariant Jasperso kaltės sampratą parodoma, kad nors „metafizinė kaltė“ ir pagilina egzistencinę žmogaus gyvenimo dimensiją, ji lieka abejinga Levino atskleistai moralinei kaltės ir atsakomybės prasmei. Antra, darbe nagrinėjama Levino atsakomybės be kaltės ir neišvengiamos kaltės samprata ir atskleidžiama, kad atsakomybė neapsiriboja konkrečiais nusižengimais ar aiškiu kaltės pripažinimu. Išryškinant šiuos Jasperso ir Levino skirtumus, straipsnyje klausiama, ar leviniška prieiga gali pasiūlyti būdą, kaip kalbėti apie mūsų kaltę ir atsakomybę už Holokaustą ir kitus socialinius įvykius. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kaltė, atsakomybė, Jaspersas, Levinas, Holokaustas. This paper discusses guilt and responsibility in Jaspers and Levinas. First, it explores the concept of guilt in Jaspers and shows that while “metaphysical guilt” deepens the existential dimension of human life it remains indifferent to the moral dimension of guilt and responsibility uncovered by Levinas. Second, the paper explores the notions of guiltless responsibility and unavoidable guilt in Levinas and shows that responsibility is not limited to specific wrongdoing or explicit acknowledgment of guilt. By drawing out these differences between Jaspers and Levinas, the author asks if Levinas’s approach might provide illuminating guidance to talk about our guilt and responsibility for the Holocaust as well as other social events. Keywords: guilt, responsibility, Jaspers, Levinas, Holocaust.

The aim of this research is to determine whether the in-club communications of elite athletes in different sports can predict their sportsmanship behaviors. The study group of the research consists of 145 athletes (51.7% male, 48.3% female) randomly selected in athlete training centers and TOHM centers. The club media communication levels of the athletes were measured with the 3D (trainer-athlete, athlete-athlete and manager-athlete) Club Environment Communication Questionnaire. Sportsmanship Behaviors, on the other hand, were measured with the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale, which had 4 dimensions (compliance with social norms, respect for rules and management, commitment to responsibilities in sports and respect for the opponent). While analyzing the data, multiple linear regression analysis technique was used. In the results of the research, it is seen that there are positive (linear) relations between the Scores of the Club Environment Communication and Sportsmanship Orientation Subscales. In addition, it was seen that the communication between the coach and the athlete significantly predicted the dimensions of compliance with social norms and respect for the opponent, and the communication between the athlete and the athlete significantly predicted the sub-dimension of commitment to responsibilities. The result of the study reveals that as the scores obtained from each of the sub-dimensions of club environment communication increase, the scores obtained from each of the sub-dimensions of sportsmanship orientation increase reciprocally. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Pitanje odgovornosti u izravnoj je vezi s pojmom uzrokovanja, s obzirom na to da izricanje pravnih i moralnih kvalifikativa u velikoj mjeri ovisi o pojmu uzrokovanja. Problem nastaje kada se u istraživanje uzrokovanja uvedu tzv. »negativne činjenice« koje sudjeluju u artikulaciji iskaza o »propustu«, »nedjelovanju« i »prevenciji«. Zato i jest pitanje mogu li negativne činjenice predstavljati uzrok i/ili posljedicu od izuzetnog značaja. Premda se negativnim činjenicama nerijetko pogrešno i neopravdano pristupa u analogiji s pozitivnim činjenicama, te ih se sukladno tome svrstava pod tzv. »izvorno uzrokovanje«, negativne su činjenice kauzalno inertne. Ovakav odgovor odražava se nepovoljno na praksu formiranja singulamih iskaza o kauzalnim vezama s negativnim činjenicama. Premda, iako je to tako, time se ne obesmišljava uobičajena praksa formulisanja legitimnog uzročnog objašnjenja na kojem se zasnivaju iskazi o propuštanju, nečinjenju i prevenciji., The issue of responsibility is directly linked to the notion of causation because asserting legal and moral qualifications is dependent on it. The problem arises when negative events are introduced into the consideration of causation because they are part of structuring statements that speak to omission, inaction, or prevention. Hence, the question of can negative events represent a cause and/or effect is extremely important. Although negative events are most commonly treated in analogy with positive events and brought under genuine causation, this placement is unjustified because – unlike positive events – negative events are causally inert. This explanation reflects unfavourably on the practice of forming singular statements on causal connections to negative events. Despite this being the case, it does not render meaningless the common practice of formulating legitimate causal explanations that serve as grounds for statements on omission, inaction, or prevention.

The present study explores medical views on sexual health, gender and youth in Sweden from 1970 to 1999. In terms of gender-based roles, the responsibility for sexual health at this time turned out to be closely linked to girls. First, there was a clear perception that girls should take responsibility for their own and the couple’s sexual health, manifested in counselling, contraception and the understanding of risk-taking. Secondly, there was an underlying notion that boys had greater sexual needs than girls. Boys were seen as irresponsible and uninterested in counselling and decisions on contraception. Medical experts hardly mentioned joint responsibility for sexual health and contraception before the 1990s. In addition, there was a widespread perception that it was the risk-taking of some girls that increased exposure to sexual ill-health. They presented girls who did not adhere to the female responsibility norm as problematic. The study also showed a solid heteronormative view of young people’s sexual health.

Based on the philosophical anthropology of Paul Ricoeur, the article examines, using the example of AI-based decisions, how the concept of responsibility changes under the influence of artificial intelligence, what a reverse effect this conceptual shift has on our moral experience in general, and what consequences it has for law. The problem of AI-based decisions is said to illustrate the general trend of transformation of the concept of responsibility, which consists in replacing personal responsibility with a system of collective insurance against risks and disappearing of the capacity for responsibility from the structure of our experience, which, in turn, makes justice and law impossible.

Fondé sur des enquêtes de terrain, cet article s’intéresse à la phase d’évolution actuelle de la ruée vers l’or au nord du Niger. Elle est marquée par la volonté de l’État de mieux encadrer juridiquement une activité jusque-là informelle dans ses régions périphériques. L’intervention de l’État engendre des recompositions territoriales, un rapprochement des intérêts politico-économiques entre les élites des périphéries aurifères et le pouvoir central, ainsi que des conflits d’ordre éthique quant à l’accès aux gisements et à la répartition des bénéfices. La redistribution des équilibres dans la gestion de l’informel fait basculer les orpailleurs vers la régularisation ou la précarisation, voire la criminalisation. Le maintien des illégalismes repose sur des enjeux d’appropriation foncière et de conditions de mobilité. Based on field surveys, this article focuses on the current phase of evolution of the gold rush in northern Niger. It is characterised by the state's desire to provide a better legal framework to an activity that was previously informal in the peripheral areas of the country. The intervention of the state is resulting in territorial recompositions, a convergence of political and economic interests between the elites of the gold mining peripheries and the central government, as well as ethical conflicts over access to the deposits and the distribution of profits. The new balance within the management of the informal sector is making gold miners turn to regularization or precariousness, or even criminalization. The pursuit of illegal activities is due to issues regarding land appropriation and the conditions of mobility. Basado en la encuestas de terreno, este artículo se ocupa de la fase de evolución actual de la fiebre del oro en el Norte de Níger. Esta se halla marcada por la voluntad del Estado de regular mejor, jurídicamente, una actividad informal hasta ahora en las regiones periféricas. La intervención del Estado provoca recomposiciones territoriales, un acercamiento de los intereses político-económicos entre las élites de las periferias auríferas y el poder central, y genera conflictos éticos en lo relativo a los yacimientos y a la repartición de beneficios. La redistribución de los equilibrios en la gestión de la actividad informal, provoca que los buscadores de oro vayan hacia la regularización o la precarización, incluso la criminalización. El mantenimiento de los ilegalismos viene dado por los desafíos de apropiación de la tierra y de condiciones de movilidad.

Depuis plus d’une décennie, les gisements aurifères de Kadiolo dans la région de Sikasso attirent de nombreux orpailleurs locaux et migrants de nationalités diverses. Dans ce contexte de flux humain et de pression sur les ressources émerge l’idée des centrales d’achat d’or comme modèle de gestion approprié pour faire profiter l’exploitation de l’or aux communautés locales et compenser ses effets environnementaux. Cet article s’appuie sur des données ethnographiques afin d’analyser, selon une perspective mixte par le bas et par le haut, les enjeux et les confrontations entre acteurs autour des centrales d’achat. Il montre comment les centrales d’achat reposent sur la patrimonialité et la politique de l’appartenance et font de l’orpaillage une arène minière et un tremplin électoral. For more than a decade, the Kadiolo gold deposits in the Sikasso region have drawn many local and migrant gold miners of various nationalities. In this context of human influx and pressure on resources, the idea of gold group purchasing organizations has emerged as an appropriate management model to allow local communities to benefit from gold mining and compensate for its environmental effects. This article is based on ethnographic data and adopts a mixed bottom-up and top-down perspective to analyze the stakes and confrontations between actors around group purchasing organizations. It shows how these organizations are based on inheritance and the politics of belonging, thus making gold panning a mining arena and an electoral springboard. Desde hace más de diez años, los yacimientos auríferos de Kadiolo, en la región de Sissako, atraen a numerosos buscadores de oro locales y migrantes de diferentes nacionalidades. En este contexto de flujo de personas y de presión sobre los recursos, emerge la idea de las centrales de compra de oro como modelo de gestión apropiado que permita a las comunidades locales beneficiar de la extracción de oro y compensar sus efectos sobre el medioambiente. Este artículo se fundamenta en datos etnográficos para analizar, desde una perspectiva mixta por lo alto y por lo bajo, los retos y las controversias entre actores en lo que se refiere a las centrales de compra. Ilustra cómo las centrales de compra se apoyan en la patrimonialidad y la política de la filiación y utilizan la búsqueda de oro como escenario minero y trampolín electoral.

We analyze the multitude of conflicts of interest to which all actors in the development chain are subject. Our aim is to reflect on how the findings of research and evaluations conducted on development interventions of all kinds can be biased as a result. This analysis rests on an inclusive definition of conflict of interest, which exists whenever an actor’s public stance is constrained by interests that put pressure on him or her to either express statements that contradict his or her own perceptions or knowledge, or to withhold criticism that he or she would otherwise be prepared to express. We illustrate the analysis with many cases based on our long experience in the field. Identifying problems encountered by a development intervention must be understood as a key step in formulating solutions adapted to local contexts. Nous analysons la multitude de conflits d’intérêts auxquels sont soumis tous les acteurs de la chaîne du développement. Nous nous intéressons à la façon dont les résultats des recherches et des évaluations menées sur les interventions de développement de toutes sortes peuvent être biaisés en raison de ces conflits d’intérêts. Cette étude repose sur une définition inclusive du conflit d’intérêts : ce dernier apparaît chaque fois que la position publique d’un acteur est contrainte par des intérêts, si bien qu’il est amené à faire une déclaration qui va à l’encontre de ses propres perceptions ou connaissances, ou qu’il se retient d’exprimer une critique. Notre analyse s’appuie sur de nombreux cas issus de notre longue expérience du terrain. Une étape clé dans la formulation de solutions adaptées aux contextes locaux est l’identification des problèmes rencontrés par une intervention de développement. Analizamos la multitud de conflictos de intereses a los que se ven confrontados todos los actores de la cadena del desarrollo. Nos interesamos a la manera en que los resultados de las investigaciones y evaluaciones llevadas a cabo por todo tipo de acciones de desarrollo pueden verse sesgadas a causa de estos conflictos de intereses. Este estudio se basa en una definición inclusiva del conflicto de intereses: este surge cada vez que la posición pública de un actor se ve afectada por intereses, ya sea porque se vea obligado a realizar una declaración que va contra sus propias percepciones o sus propios conocimientos, ya sea porque deba abstenerse de realizar una crítica. Nuestro análisis se fundamenta en numerosos casos procedentes de nuestra larga experiencia sobre el terreno. Una etapa crucial para la formulación de soluciones adaptadas a los contextos locales es la identificación de los problemas encontrados por una acción de desarrollo.

Cet article propose une exploration des tendances de la médiatisation de l’or, à l’échelle mondiale, puis se focalise sur les pays du Sud et les pays producteurs, dans les émissions télévisées et radiophoniques françaises de 1942 à 2022. L’étude s’appuie sur des recherches par mots-clés selon le thésaurus de l’Institut national de l’audiovisuel (INA), dans les notices du catalogue des 183 chaînes de radio et de télévision du dépôt légal, complétées d’un fonds partiel d’actualités cinématograp...

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é lançar o olhar das teorizações de base bakhtiniana (BAKHTIN/VOLOSHÍNOV, 2014; BAKHTIN, 2011, 2012; SOBRAL, 2009; PAULA; STAFUZZA, 2011) sobre dois carrosséis de postagens publicados em dezembro de 2020 da conta @greengodictionary abrigada na rede social Instagram, configurado aqui como uma esfera da atividade humana. O estudo é uma pesquisa documental e se insere dentro da perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa (BELL; WATERS, 2014; GRANT, 2019). A análise destes documentos aponta, dentro da esfera da conta, para processos de autoria responsável e responsiva ativa (responsibilidade) de atos enunciativos permeados de práticas discursivas carnavalizadas nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa do Brasil. Procura também avaliar as contribuições para o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas dos projetos enunciativos, autorais, responsíveis e carnavalizados identificados. ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to look at two carousel posts published in December 2020 on the account @greengodictionary through the lens of Bakhtinian-based theorizations (BAKHTIN/VOLOSHÍNOV, 2014; BAKHTIN, 2011, 2012; SOBRAL, 2009; PAULA; STAFUZZA, 2011). The @greengodictionary is housed in the social network, Instagram, configured here as a sphere of human activity. The study is based on documentary research and falls within the qualitative research perspective (BELL; WATERS, 2014; GRANT, 2019). The analysis of these documents points, within the account domain, to processes of responsible and active responsive authorship (responsiveness) of enunciative acts permeated with carnivalized discursive practices in the English and Brazilian Portuguese languages. It also seeks to assess the contributions to language teaching-learning of the authoritative, responsive and carnivalized enunciative projects identified.

This article provides analysis of the mechanisms and outputs involved in language-use mediated by a neuroprosthetic device. It is motivated by the thought that users of speech neuroprostheses require sufficient control over what their devices externalize as synthetic speech if they are to be thought of as responsible for it, but that the nature of this control, and so the status of their responsibility, is not clear.

This study proposes two formulations of the problem, namely, first, how to apply the precautionary principle of the Land Titles Registrar (PPAT) in formulating the deed so that it will not be cancelled, and secondly, what is the responsibility of the PPAT for canceling the deed made before them. This type of research is normative legal research supported by information from various sources. The approach used in this study is a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach), statutory approach (Statute Approach) and case approach (Case Approach), then analyzed in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results of this study conclude that, first, one of the application of the precautionary principle that must be carried out by PPAT is by issuing a Statement of Authenticity which is approved and signed by the parties concerned. The purpose of this Statement of Authenticity is to minimize and prevent bad faith from the parties applying before the PPAT. In addition to minimizing and preventing bad faith from the parties in the form of providing false statements or fake documents, the Statement of Authenticity is also useful for providing protection for PPAT to not get involved in legal problems. Second, the responsibility of the PPAT for canceling the deed made before them is a form of consequence that must be accepted by the PPAT who is proven to have committed a violation. As a form of accountability for violations committed, the PPAT receives sanctions in accordance with the form of the violation, namely in the form of civil, criminal and administrative sanctions. Meanwhile, products made by PPAT are authentic deeds, so their status will be null and void.Key Word: Deed Cancellation, PPAT, Responsibility AbstrakPenelitian ini mengajukan dua rumusan masalah yaitu, pertama, bagaimana penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian PPAT dalam membuat akta agar tidak dibatalkan, dan kedua, bagaimana tanggung jawab PPAT atas pembatalan akta yang dibuat dihadapannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung dengan keterangan dari berbagai narasumber. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan konspetual (Conceptual Approach), pendekatan undang-undang (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach), kemudian dianalisis secara Deskriptif Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, pertama, penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian yang harus dilakukan PPAT salah satunya dengan cara membuat Surat Pernyataan Keaslian yang disetujui dan ditandatangani oleh para pihak yang bersangkutan. Tujuan dibuatnya Surat Pernyataan Keaslian ini bertujuan untuk meminimalisir dan mencegah adanya itikad tidak baik dari para pihak yang menghadap ke PPAT. Selain untuk meminimalisir dan mencegah adanya itikad tidak baik dari para pihak yang berupa pemberian keterangan palsu maupun dokumen palsu, Surat Pernyataan Keaslian juga berguna untuk memberikan perlindungan pada PPAT agar tidak turut serta terjerat permasalahan hukum. Kedua, tanggungjawab PPAT atas pembatalan akta yang dibuat dihadapannya adalah bentuk konsekuensi yang harus diterima oleh PPAT yang terbukti melakukan pelanggaran. Sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas pelanggaran yang dilakukan, maka PPAT menerima sanksi sesuai dengan bentuk pelanggarannya yaitu berupa sanksi perdata, pidana maupun administratif. Sedangkan produk yang dibuat oleh PPAT yaitu akta otentik, maka statusnya akan batal demi hukum.Kata-kata Kunci: Pembatalan Akta, PPAT, Tanggung Jawab

Article entitled Bank Responsibility for Objects of Mortgage Auctions That Cannot Be Controlled by the Auction Winners. The transaction process for the transfer of land and building rights through an auction is quite easy and simple. As long as the parties involved fulfill their respective rights and obligations in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. Based on the explanation of Article 20 paragraph (1) of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 213/06.PMK/2020 regarding instructions for implementing auctions, auctions must run efficiently, effectively and provide legal certainty. This study aims to develop knowledge regarding bank responsibilities and legal protection for buyers of goods who are unable to exercise control over the object of the mortgage execution auction object. The form of research used in this research is normative, which is researched on legal principles, which are carried out on positive laws made in writing. The conclusion of this study: The bank is fully responsible for the juridical and physical leveraging of the auction object to the auction winner, based on Article 17 of the 2016 Auction Guidelines and Article 13 of the 2020 Auction Guidelines stating that the Seller, in this case Bank X, is responsible for the delivery of movable objects and/or immovable objects. Because basically, the law has regulated that the seller is obliged to guarantee the possession of the goods being sold safely and securely to the buyer. This form of accountability can be in the form of providing mediation so that the debtor wants to vacate the auction object voluntarily or by providing proper direction and coordination to the buyer to apply for an emptying execution or if as a last option, namely by returning payment of the auction price paid by the auction buyer. So that in the future the bank can facilitate the levering process and participate in guaranteeing the mastery of the collateral to hand over the auction object as a form of accountability, it is necessary to make a statement stating that if the debtor defaults, the debtor is obliged to voluntarily vacate the land and building of the mortgage, so that in the future the bank can obtain convenience in handing over the auction object and is also free from claims for compensation filed by the buyer.

Chemical and manufacturing plants serve the public by providing a product, but they also have a duty to keep the public safe from any potential negative impacts of their operation as well as their products. Sustainability, safety, and human and environmental health must be considered in any process. For my technical project, my capstone team designed a process to develop a sustainable material with minimal environmental impact. For my STS research, I studied a case in which a chemical company knowingly allowed an entire community to be directly harmed by the company’s actions and its product. While my technical project and STS research are on two ends of a spectrum, they both illustrate the importance of considering the well-being of the public when operating a chemical or manufacturing process. The primary motivation behind my technical project was the plastic waste crisis, particularly the vast amounts of plastic waste that ends up in the ocean. Traditional plastics take hundreds of years to break down in the ocean, and even some “biodegradable” plastics will not break down without an industrial composting facility. My capstone team designed a sustainable process for the production of a naturally biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Our process utilizes crude glycerol, a waste product of biodiesel production, as the carbon feedstock for bacteria that naturally accumulate PHB in response to nitrogen limitation. After accumulating in the bacteria during fermentation, the PHB is isolated from the cells and formed into pellets, where it can be sold to plastics manufacturers for single-use consumer applications. If PHB products end up in the ocean instead of being properly disposed of, they will fully biodegrade in a matter of weeks or months. My STS research centers on a chemical company that did not abide by a moral obligation to keep the environment and the public safe. My research focuses on the C8 poisoning of Parkersburg, West Virginia by the chemical company DuPont. DuPont continued to manufacture Teflon, which required the chemical C8, and release the chemical waste into the water supply despite individuals at DuPont being aware of the hazards to human and environmental health. Using actor network theory and the conditions of responsibility, I argue that there are identifiable individuals who are morally responsible for the harm caused to the Parkersburg community and ecosystem. Assigning the blame to a faceless entity (the company as a whole) obscures those who are truly responsible. By working on both projects simultaneously, I gained a better understanding of how a manufacturing facility can impact a community. Researching the DuPont case and learning how people at the company purposely hid the fact that their chemicals were causing birth defects and health problems made me more conscious of any potential dangers of the process that I was designing. I knew I would be designing a material that would have minimal environmental impact since it naturally biodegrades and is biocompatible, but I had not yet considered the environmental or health impacts of the process itself. My capstone team abided by inherently safer design in our process, including minimizing the use of chemicals when possible, minimizing transportation of chemicals, and properly disposing of any waste. In turn, working on my technical project provided insight into the inner workings of a chemical plant, which improved my understanding of the DuPont case. The quality of each of these projects was enriched by the other.

The Board of Directors as an organ of a Limited Liability Company that establishes legal relations can be held partly responsible for taking actions beyond their authority, but there is another situation where the directors can be held responsible for the failure of a legal relationship due to being a personal guarantee, thus an in-depth study is needed regarding the differences between the two circumstances. the. The problem formulated is how the different responsibilities of the Board of Directors as a personal guarantee and as a cause of loss to the Limited Liability Company. The research method used is normative, with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data collection technique used was library research that is analyzed descriptively. The results of the study conclude that the responsibility of the directors as a personal guarantee is born when the company is no longer able to pay or carry out its engagements; The responsibility of the directors as the cause of the loss of the Limited Liability Company arises when it is proven that the directors are negligent and guilty.Key Word: Responsibility, Director, Personal Guarantee, Limited Liability Company AbstrakDireksi sebagai organ Perseroan Terbatas yang membangun hubungan hukum dapat ikut bertanggung jawab karena melakukan tindakan diluar kewenangannya, namun terdapat suatu keadaan lain di mana direksi dapat dituntut untuk ikut serta bertanggung jawab atas kegagalan hubungan hukum karena menjadi personal guarantee maka diperlukan pengkajian mendalam mengenai perbedaan kedua keadaan tersebut. Masalah yang dirumuskan ialah bagaimana perbedaan tanggung jawab Direksi sebagai personal guarantee dan sebagai penyebab kerugian Perseroan Terbatas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi Pustaka dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan pertanggungjawaban direksi sebagai personal guarantee lahir ketika perseroan tidak lagi mampu untuk membayar atau melaksanakan perikatan; pertanggungjawaban direksi sebagai penyebab kerugian Perseroan Terbatas lahir ketika terbukti direksi tersebut lalai dan bersalah.Kata-kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab, Direksi, Personal Guarantee, Perseroan Terbatas

Background Worldwide people are living longer. The need for healthcare for older adults is increasing. The trend is towards advanced home healthcare, where registered nurses are key figures. This implies challenges for municipal home healthcare, as well as for registered nurses’ leadership. The aim is to explore registered nurses’ perceptions of challenges and suggestions for improvements in their leadership close to older adults in municipal home healthcare. Methods The present study is part of a larger web-based questionnaire survey with a cross-sectional design. The design is inductive, analysing data using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. A questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions was used. A total of n = 70 registered nurses leading close to older adults participated in seven municipalities in two geographic areas in Sweden. Results The results show registered nurses’ perceptions of challenges as leaders close to older adults in terms of 11 categories. The categories are motivating for care, adjusting and coordinating nursing care to the older adult, relating to next of kin, managing communication difficulties, relating to social situations in the home, managing demands, working alone, having lack of time, collaborating with physicians, and care staff having low competence. The registered nurses suggested improvements for their leadership close to older adults in terms of nine categories. The categories are adjusting the work to the older adult, clarifying registered nurses’ responsibility, balancing demands and resources, setting time aside, improving staffs’ competence, ensuring staff’s competence development, improving the work environment, and cooperation between professions in the municipality, as well as between healthcare organizations. Conclusion The results show that registered nurses’ leadership in municipal home healthcare implies a wide range of challenges. There is a need for strategies to improve the organizational preconditions to reduce challenges in registered nurses’ leadership in order to promote positive patient outcomes for safe and quality care.

The article is devoted to the education of modern youth of other standards of behavior in public life. There is a problem of forming civic maturity and legal education in high school students. The main goal of national education is the acquisition of social experience by the young generation, the formation of features of a citizen of the Ukrainian state, developed spirituality, moral, artistic and aesthetic, legal, and ecological culture. According to the authors, student self-government is a pedagogical technology that promotes the development of a child’s civic qualities in the system of democratic relations of the educational team based on the principles of self-realization, self-activity, self-organization, and self-sufficiency of the individual. The experience gained by one of the authors allows him to say that at the current stage, student self-government is an independent social institution that ensures the civic formation of an individual. This is a way of engaging students in systematic participation in the educational process.

The article is devoted to the education of modern youth of other standards of behavior in public life. There is a problem of forming civic maturity and legal education in high school students. The main goal of national education is the acquisition of social experience by the young generation, the formation of features of a citizen of the Ukrainian state, developed spirituality, moral, artistic and aesthetic, legal, and ecological culture. According to the authors, student self-government is a pedagogical technology that promotes the development of a child’s civic qualities in the system of democratic relations of the educational team based on the principles of self-realization, self-activity, self-organization, and self-sufficiency of the individual. The experience gained by one of the authors allows him to say that at the current stage, student self-government is an independent social institution that ensures the civic formation of an individual. This is a way of engaging students in systematic participation in the educational process.

La responsabilidad médica es un tema tratado por diversas disciplinas profesionales, de un lado, los directamente implicados, los médicos, y de otro, los profesionales del derecho. Desde el primer momento de su formación, al médico sele inculca su gran aporte para con la sociedad, su rol en la salvaguarda del más importante derecho fundamental y natural del hombre, la vida. Es un hecho, un médico no actúa con el propósito de infringir daño, no lo hace por voluntad y decisión, sin embargo, cuando esto sucede, a pesar del carácter involuntario de su acto, debe asumir sus consecuencias, sin embargo, esto debe determinarse desde una autoridad competente con mucha atención y cuidado, atendiendo las situaciones particulares en cada caso. La medicina ha ido adquiriendo en el transcurso de la historia una serie de transformaciones acordes a los cambios culturales, sociales, económicos e incluso tecnológicos que ha atravesado la humanidad. Hasta hace unas décadas, el ejercicio de esta disciplina era de manera más individualizada, situación a la que Colombia no es ajena, ya que la relación laboral, al ser facultad del Estado, ponía en una situación favorable y privilegiada a los trabajadores, quienes que recurrieron a los servicios de atención valoraron la forma en que el estar afiliados al Instituto de Seguridad Social los colocaba en una posición privilegiada, tanto en atención como en medicación. Sin embargo, en el caso colombiano, desde la década de 1990 la situación ha sufrido un cambio importante, el sistema de salud se ha colectivizado, los efectos de fenómenos económicos como la privatización y la globalización, han dado lugar a la competencia, fuerza invisible del capitalismo, donde entidades promotoras de salud privadas e incluso transnacionales, toman en sus manos la administración de la salud. Los gigantescos avances en ciencia y tecnología, han traído consigo efectos como la masificación de los servicios de salud, con lo que se han desgastado las relaciones entre médico y paciente, pese a resultar altamente efectivas en la apertura de posibilidades diagnósticas y asistenciales, pero generando a la vez, mayores probabilidades para incurrir en situaciones de responsabilidad médica. Las relaciones médico-paciente han evolucionado en el transcurso de la historia, para las sociedades antiguas el médico era visto casi que, de una forma mítica, relevando incluso la autonomía, libertad y voluntad del paciente, a un segundo plano. Hoy, a la luz de la defensa de los derechos humanos y dentro de ellos el respeto a la dignidad, el papel del paciente ha dejado de ser el de un sujeto pasivo, para convertirse en otro más activo, donde es él quien elige y toma las decisiones de actuación sobre su salud, mente y cuerpo. A groso modo, la responsabilidad médica puede definirse como la obligación que tienen los médicos de reparar y responder por las consecuencias de sus actos, errores, comisiones y omisiones, ya sean voluntario o involuntarios, dentro de ciertos límites enmarcados por los ámbitos ético, moral y legal. La evaluación de la responsabilidad médica se encuentra sujeta a dos circunstancias, los resultados y los medios: Los primeros son aquellos elementos independientes de la aleatoriedad y que recaen directamente en la capacidad y habilidad del profesional para actuar. Los segundos, hacen alusión a los errores y fallas surgidos por factores ajenos a la voluntad, como es el caso de las relaciones con el entorno, los protocolos de los sistemas de salud, obsolescencia de los recursos disponibles, escasez de materiales y aquellos factores que, aunque externos, afectan el desempeño de sus funciones. La lex artis, se establece como premisa fundamental a la hora de establecer la responsabilidad médica y consiste en evaluar la actuación y conducta de un médico, 87 por parte de un semejante, para determinar si lo hecho se encuentra en concordancia con lo preceptuado y si quien lo juzga hubiese actuado de manera igual o similar, bajo las mismas circunstancias y en ese caso en particular. El papel que juega el consentimiento informado en el establecimiento de la responsabilidad médica, es de crucial importancia, pues éste sintetiza los principios de autonomía, libertad y voluntad de que es poseedor el paciente a la hora de elegir y decidir sobre un procedimiento o tratamiento, implica la no enajenación de sus decisiones. Universidad libre- Derecho - Maestría en derecho penal y procesal penal Medical liability is a topic addressed by various disciplines. professionals, on the one hand, those directly involved, the doctors, and on the other, the legal professionals. From the first moment of his training, the doctor he is instilled in his great contribution to society, his role in safeguarding the most important fundamental and natural right of man, life. It is a fact, a doctor does not act with the purpose of inflicting harm, he does not do it for will and decision, however, when this happens, despite the character involuntary of his act, he must bear the consequences of it, however, this must be determined by a competent authority with great care and attention, attending to the particular situations in each case. Medicine has been acquiring in the course of history a series of transformations in line with cultural, social, economic and even technology that mankind has gone through. Until a few decades ago, the exercise of this discipline was in a more individualized way, a situation to which Colombia is no stranger, since the labor relationship, being a power of the State, put in a favorable and privileged situation for the workers, who resorted to to care services valued the way in which being affiliated with the Instituto de Social Security placed them in a privileged position, both in care and on medication. However, in the Colombian case, since the 1990s the situation has undergone a major change, the health system has been collectivized, the effects of economic phenomena such as privatization and globalization, have given rise to to competition, the invisible force of capitalism, where entities that promote private and even transnational health, take in their hands the administration of health. The gigantic advances in science and technology have brought effects such as the massification of health services, with which the relationships between doctor and patient, despite being highly effective in the opening of diagnostic and assistance possibilities, but generating at the same time, more likely to incur medical liability situations. Doctor-patient relationships have evolved over the course of history, For ancient societies, the doctor was seen almost as, in a mythical way, even relieving the autonomy, freedom and will of the patient, to a second flat. Today, in light of the defense of human rights and within them the respect for dignity, the role of the patient is no longer that of a passive subject, to become another more active, where he is the one who chooses and makes the decisions of action on his health, mind and body. Roughly speaking, medical liability can be defined as the obligation that doctors have to repair and answer for the consequences of their actions, errors, commissions and omissions, whether intentional or inadvertent, within certain limits framed by the ethical, moral and legal spheres. The evaluation of medical responsibility is subject to two circumstances, results and means: The first are those elements independent of randomness and that fall directly on the capacity and professional ability to act. The second allude to errors and failures arising from factors beyond our control, such as relationships with the environment, the protocols of the health systems, obsolescence of the available resources, scarcity of materials and those factors that, although external, affect the performance of their functions. The lex artis is established as a fundamental premise when establishing the medical responsibility and consists of evaluating the actions and conduct of a doctor, 87 by a similar person, to determine if what has been done is in accordance with the provisions and if the person judging it had acted in a manner the same or similar, under the same circumstances and in that particular case. The role that informed consent plays in establishing the medical responsibility, is of crucial importance, since it synthesizes the principles of autonomy, freedom and will that the patient possesses when choosing and decide on a procedure or treatment, implies the non-disposal of their decisions from him.

Framing ‘science and society’ as a conflict has diverted us from more important problems. Our economic environment urges the commercialisation and social acceptance of new technologies, and science communicators and their publics contribute work to these ends. These activities neglect existing, uncontroversial technologies that, in a collaboration between responsible scientists and their publics, could be deployed to address global problems.

Survey used to collect private citizen attitudes to cybersecurity

Investigating responsibility judgments about social agents

Investigating causal explanations about social agents

Individuals whose basic needs are naturally satisfied are much less dependent on their environment and more autonomous. Basic psychological needs (i.e., the general motivators of human actions) are significant predictors of online gaming addiction. Moreover, it has been posited that meaning and responsibility in life are at the center of life from an existential point of view. Therefore, a hypothetical model was tested to examine the relationships between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), online gaming addiction, responsibility, and meaning in life. Data were collected from a sample of 546 participants. Mediation analysis was conducted, and the results indicated that basic psychological needs, online gaming addiction, responsibility, and meaning in life had significant negative and positive relationships. The findings indicated that responsibility and meaning in life had a serial mediating effect in the relationship between basic psychological needs and online gaming addiction. The findings also showed that the inverse relationship between online gaming addiction and basic psychological needs was at least partially explained by meaning in life and responsibility. The results of the present study are of great importance and suggest that interventions to satisfy the basic psychological needs of adolescents may help prevent online gaming addiction., Norsk Tipping; Gamble Aware, The authors declare no competing interests except for MDG. MDG's university has received research funding from Norsk Tipping (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian Government). MDG has also received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsible Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. MDG regularly undertakes consultancy for various gambling companies in the area of player protection and social responsibility in gambling.

PURPOSE: To analyze the usefulness or quality of annual reports formulated by the municipalities in the context of decision-making and accountability in the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa., METHODOLOGY: In this study, we employ a 21-index research tool designed by Beest, Braam, and Boelens (2009)., FINDINGS: The results of the study indicate that the quality of the KwaZulu-Natal municipalities' annual reports is quite satisfactory. However, there is scope for enhancement as far as the quality of the annual reports is concerned., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study contributes to the current body of knowledge and further contributes to the enhancement in the usefulness and quality of financial reporting in public sector and belyond. This study has also provided a very robust plan for future researchers., peer-reviewed

Sociālais darbs Sociālā labklājība Social work Social Welfare Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Ģimenes audzināšanas stils kā bērna uzvedību ietekmējošs faktors”. Darba mērķis ir pētīt kā audzināšanas stils ģimenē ietekmē bērna uzvedību. Bakalaura darba teorētiskā daļa sastāv no trīs daļām. Pirmajā daļā autore izklāsta, bērnu uzvedības īpatnības un uzvedības problēmas no attīstības psiholoģijas viedokļa, kā arī raksturo audzināšanu, kā ģimenes funkciju un tās nozīmi bērna sociālās uzvedības veidošanā. Otrajā daļā tiek aprakstīts, kādos veidos un stilos ģimenēs mēdz audzināt bērnus, un kā šie stili ietekmē bērna personību, pašvērtējumu un uzvedību, kā arī sociālā darbinieka lomu darbā ar ģimenēm, kurām ir adaptīvas grūtības bērna sociālas uzvedības veidošanā. Trešajā daļā tiek sniegta atskaite par empīrisko pētījumu, kurā noskaidrots vecāku un sociālo darbinieku viedokļi par audzināšanas stilu ietekmi uz bērnu uzvedību. Balstoties uz pētījumā gūtajiem rezultātiem, kursa darba autore secina, ka par bērnu audzināšanas stiliem ir pieejams daudz informācijas un tiem vecākiem, kas interesējas tā ir brīvi pieejama. Vecāki, kuriem liekās nepareizs stils, kā paši audzināti, meklē veidus, kā citādāk veidot komunikāciju un attiecības ar savu bērnu, lai tās būtu draudzīgas, cieņpilnas un uzticīgas. Šādas ģimenes nenonāk sociālā dienesta redzeslokā vai arī meklē palīdzību īstermiņa grūtībās. Ir vecāki, kuri ir pārliecināti, ka viņi paši zina, kā jāaudzina savi bērni un tie ir vecāki, kuri audzina ar tām metodēm, kā ir audzināti paši un neuzskata par vajadzīgu meklēt papildinformāciju, par to, kas bērnam būtu noderīgāk un kas kaitējoši. Tās ģimenes, kurām ir nepieciešama sociālā darbinieka palīdzība, pārsvarā gadījumos neko nezina par attiecību veidošanu ar bērnu un audzināšanas metodēm un stiliem. Šādās ģimenēs bērniem bieži mēdz būt grūtības ar socializāciju, mācībām un uzvedību. Ir svarīgi informēt vecākus par atbildību, kādu viņiem uzliek vecāku statuss, lai bērni var izaugt par laimīgiem un sabiedrībā ekonomiski funkcionējošiem cilvēkiem un vēlāk izaudzināt arī paši laimīgu nākamo paaudzi. The topic of this Bachelor’s thesis is “ Parenting style as an influential factor of a child's behavior”. The goal of the thesis is to research how the parenting style affects the behavior of children. The theoretical part consists of three sections. First section covers the specifics of child behavior and behavioral problems from a psychological perspective as well as describes the role of parenting in a family and in the formation of a childs social behavior. The second section describes the different ways and styles of parenting, how they influence a childs personality, self-esteem and behavior, and the role of social workers when working with families that are struggling with the formation of a childs social behavior. The third section consists of the results of an empirical research on parents’ and social workers’ opinions on effect of the parenting style on childrens behavior. Based on the results, the author concludes that there is plenty of information about parenting styles and it is accessible to parents that are interested in the topic. Parents that do not agree with the way they were raised, seek out alternative ways to communicate and form a relationship with their children, so they could form friendly, respectful and trustful. These families either do not come into sight of the Social service at all or only seek support in short term issues. There are parents that are confident in their knowledge of how to raise children and raise their kids with the same methods they were raised with. They do not care for extra information on what would be more useful for kids and what is more harmful. Families that are in need of help from a social worker, mostly don’t know anything about forming a relationship with children, parenting methods or styles. In these kind of families children often struggle with socializing, studying and appropriate behavior. It is important to inform parents about the responsibilities that come with becoming a parent, to raise happy, economically functioning human beings that can also raise a happy generation themselves.

In this study we aim to replicate prior research on the effect of responsibility on decision confidence in the context of perceptual decision-making. The research design involves collecting behavioral data from participants in an online perceptual discrimination task. The data collected will include measures of perceptual sensitivity, confidence levels, and reaction times. The manipulation of responsibility will be a crucial component of the experiment to investigate its influence on the aforementioned variables. The results of our study will contribute to the growing body of literature on the impact of responsibility on decision-making performance and confidence.

В статье исследуется международный опыт регулирования оборота алкогольной продукции, положения которого могут быть имплеминтированы в российской законодательство., The article examines the international experience of regulating the turnover of alcoholic beverages, the provisions of which can be implemented in Russian legislation.

Муҳиммияти арзишмеҳварӣ дар самти муқовимат бо коррупсия дар шароити Тоҷикистони муосир мавриди баррасӣ ва таҳлил қарор дода шудааст. Таҳкими рӯҳияи арзишмеҳварӣ дар ҷомеа яке аз механизмҳои муҳимми фарогир намудани муқовимат бо коррупсия дар шароити Тоҷикистон шинохта шудааст. Арзишмеҳварӣ ҳамчун шинохт, дарк намудан, қадр кардани арзишҳои муҳимми ахлоқию маънавӣ ва ба ҳисоб гирифтану амалӣ намудани онҳо дар муносибатҳои ҷамъиятӣ арзёбӣ шудааст. Таваҷҷуҳ намудан ба арзишмеҳварӣ ва таҳкими мавқеи арзишҳои муҳимми ҷамъиятӣ дар Тоҷикистон дар самти муқовимат ба коррупсия муҳим дониста шудааст. Изҳори ақида шудааст, ки арзишмеҳварӣ дар Тоҷикистон боиси такмили масъулиятшиносии шаҳрвандӣ мегардад ва дар ин замина шаҳрвандон метавонанд бо навъҳои мухталифи амалҳои коррупсионӣ муқовимат намоянд. Омилҳои мухталифи таъсиргузор ба коҳиши нақш ва муҳиммияти арзишҳо дар як ҷомеа ошкор карда шудаанд. Зикр гардидааст, ки тарбияи рӯҳияи таҳаммулнопазирӣ бо коррупсия, амонатдорӣ, қаноатпешагӣ, эҳтиром ба қонун, ҳисси масъулият дар назди ҷомеа, эҳтиром ва иҷрои арзишҳои фарҳангиву маънавӣ метавонанд дар самти пешгирии коррупсия дар Тоҷикистон муҳим бошанд. Муҳиммияти арзишмеҳварӣ дар муқовимат бо коррупсия аз он иборат дониста шудааст, ки он метавонад ҳам дар сатҳи мақомоти давлатӣ ва ҳам дар ҷалби аҳли ҷомеа дар ин самт короям бошад., Рассматриваются значение и важность ценностной ориентации в борьбе с коррупцией в условиях современного Таджикистана. Укрепление ценностно ориентированного духа в обществе признано одним из важных общинных механизмов борьбы с коррупцией в условиях республики. Ценностно ориентированный подход оценивается как признание, понимание, оценка важных нравственных и духовных ценностей, их учет и реализация в общественных отношениях. В борьбе с коррупцией предполагается важным обращение внимания на ценностную ориентацию и укрепление позиции важных общественных ценностей в Таджикистане. Считается, что ценностно ориентационный подход способствует повышению гражданской ответственности и в этом контексте граждане могут противостоять различным видам коррупции. Выявлены различные факторы, влияющие на снижение роли и значения нравственных ценностей в обществе. Особо упоминается, что воспитание нетерпимости к коррупции, воздержанности, уважения к закону, ответственности перед обществом, уважения, а также реализация культурных и духовных ценностей могут иметь большое значение в предотвращении коррупции в Таджикистане. Признана важность ценностной ориентации в борьбе с коррупцией, потому что она может быть эффективной и на уровне органов государственной власти, и при вовлечении в неё общественности.

Статья касается важности качества высшего профессионального образования, которое представляет собой главный фактор для развития государства в целом. Социально-экономические преобразования во всём мире требуют решения сложных задач, связанных с подготовкой конкурентоспособных кадров для отечественной экономики. От того, как наши выпускники вузов смогут преодолеть трудности социального, гражданского и профессионального формирования личности, зависит будущее нашей страны и наша позиция на мировой арене. Молодёжь (ответственная, профессионально подготовленная, социально состоявшаяся и с прочными гражданскими убеждениями) представляет стратегическое богатство любой страны. Возможные будущие противоречия зарождаются в период социального, гражданского и профессионального становления студентов вузов, когда они выбирают свой жизненный путь, учатся видеть себя в будущем, оценивать реально свою материальную стабильность, социальный статус, возможность сделать профессиональную карьеру. Для студентов важно видеть свою востребованность, а для вуза – предоставить им такую возможность., The article concerns the importance of the quality of higher vocational education which is the crucial factor for the development of the state as a whole. Social and economic transformations around the world require solving sophisticated problems related to the training of competitive personnel for the national industries. The future of Russia and its position on the global stage depend on how Russian university graduates can overcome difficulties of social, civil and professional formation of individuals. Young people, responsible, professionally trained, socially accomplished and with strong civic beliefs, represent the strategic wealth of any country. Possible future contradictions arise during the period of social, civil and vocational development of university students, when they choose their own path of life, learn to see themselves in the future and really assess their material stability, social status, the opportunity to make professional careers. For students, it is important to see their demand, and for university – to give them this opportunity.

Проанализированы причины пропусков учебно-тренировочных занятий по физической культуре студентами на основе результатов анкетирования, а также факторы, предшествующие им. Изучены последствия негативного вмешательства обстоятельств в учебный процесс и предложены способы решения исследуемой проблемы., The reasons for missing physical education training sessions by students are analyzed based on the results of the survey, as well as the factors that precede them. The consequences of the negative interference of circumstances in the educational process are studied and ways to solve the problem under study are proposed.

Ответственность является важнейшим профессионально значимым качеством медицинских работников. Дисгармоничная структура ответственности может иметь негативные последствия как для их профессиональной деятельности, так и для личностного развития. Цель исследования заключалась в сравнении психологической структуры ответственности студентов ФГАОУ ВО “Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова” Минздрава России, имеющих полярные уровни проявления ответственного поведения. Для изучения особенностей ответственного поведения студентов использовалась методика “Многомерно-функциональная диагностика ответственности (ОТВ-70)” В.П. Прядеина. Для верификации результатов исследования применялись методы статистического анализа: рассчитывался коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена для определения связей между исследуемыми показателями, а также непараметрический критерий Манна–Уитни для выявления различий в уровне признаков. Установлено, что студенты как с гипоответственным, так и с гиперответственным поведением обладают дисгармоничной структурой ответственности. Гипоответственные студенты не стремятся скрывать свою необязательность от окружающих, однако могут приступить к выполнению ответственных заданий, чтобы не отставать от коллектива. При этом состояние ответственной зависимости создает для них ситуацию ограничения и обременения. Гиперответственные студенты берут на себя ответственность, руководствуясь совестью, чувством долга, желанием выделить себя в глазах окружающих, но при этом взятие ответственности вызывает у них негативные переживания. Результаты могут быть полезны для построения программ консультационно-профилактической и воспитательной деятельности при работе со студенческим контингентом медицинского вуза., Responsibility is the most important professional quality for medical workers. The disharmonious structure of responsibility can have negative consequences both for their professional activity and for personal development. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological structure of responsibility among students of the Pirogov Russian National Research University with opposing levels of responsible behavior. The Multidimensional Functional Diagnostics of Responsibility (OTV-70) methodology by V.P. Pryadein was used to study the features of responsible behavior. To verify the results of the study, the following statistical methods were used: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationships between parameters and nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was applied to identify the differences in the levels of variables. It was found that students with both hypoand hyper-responsible behavior had a disharmonious structure of responsibility. Hypo-responsible students did not seek to hide their lack of commitment from others, however, they were able to commence with responsible tasks in order to keep up with the team. At the same time, the state of responsible dependence created a situation of restriction and encumbrance for them. Hyper-responsible students took responsibility guided by conscience, a sense of duty, and desire to be exclusive among the others. At the same time taking responsibility was associated with negative experience for them. The results can be useful for creating programs for advisory, preventive, and educational activities with the students of medical universities.

The World Bank’s Inspection Panel was the first accountability mechanism of its kind at an international finance institution. The Panel was created in response to civil society protests regarding the human rights violations that were increasing in frequency because of Bank-funded projects. Since its inception in 1993, the Inspection Panel has received over 160 complaints citing concerns about project implementation and design. The central question of this thesis surfaced when it became apparent that, despite the Panel’s promises to address the concerns of communities adversely affected by Bank-funded projects, the Panel has taken decisive action in a concerningly low number of cases. There is a clear gap between the Panel’s mandate and the actions that it took. But why? As such, the question emerged: What determines how cases move through the World Bank’s Accountability Mechanism complaint process? Through a combination of case studies and Panel data, supplemented by interviews with Accountability Counsel staff members and a former Inspection Panel member, I argue that both time and civil society organization (CSO) involvement were significant factors that influenced a complaint’s mobility through the Panel’s process. The thesis found that, while these factors could play a role, ultimately, it boils down to the whims of the World Bank’s Management, who are heavily involved in the Inspection Panel process despite the Panel’s design as an independent body. Management’s overt involvement in the Panel’s process severely undermines the ability of the Panel to practice its mandate and blurs the necessary lines of separation between the Panel and the Bank. This major finding raises concerns on the practice of accountability at these institutions and highlights the need for the Panel, and the Bank, to amend the ways in which communities can seek redress within its walls. Evidently, the Inspection Panel still has a long way to go in the way of meeting its original mandate.

Investigating responsibility judgments about social agents

The concept of shared value was born out of a determined effort to find methods for the corporate sector and society to grow while being sustainable. Often, banks are criticised for focusing on maximising shareholder value and not addressing societal issues or creating value for society. However, corporate shared value in banking is beginning to be embraced in the financial banking sector. Discovery Bank is a new-to-market entrant in the South African banking sector that has implemented shared-value banking to distinguish itself from competitors and create value for society. There are limited studies that explore the performance of shared-value banking in South Africa and whether implementation is viable or provides a competitive advantage. This study aimed to explore the performance of shared-value banking based on the perceptions of Discovery Bank leaders using a qualitative study methodology. The population in this study comprised 300 employees of Discovery Bank that was involved in the implementation of Discovery Bank since 2019. The target population of this research inquiry was 30 leaders of Discovery Bank. From the target population, 8 participants were chosen as the appropriate sample size to obtain the necessary data to address research objectives through interviews. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, NVivo version 1.5.2 (946), was used to analyse data. Study findings were used to draw up recommendations to Discovery Bank South Africa management regarding improvement areas to meet performance objectives. The findings of the study revealed the following: Discovery Bank has created its shared-value banking model that deviates from the academic framework, it has created a new market of highly desirable clients who exhibit healthy financial behaviours and enhancing client engagement through client communication may yield greater success. Limitations and areas of future research was addressed in this study.

Este artículo considera la relevancia de la obra de David Graeber, en particular de Debt, para la filosofía del derecho. Analiza su perspectiva del fenómeno jurídico y las implicaciones de sus nociones de deuda y sujeto de interés, con especial atención al efecto que han tenido sobre ellas los enfoques de austeridad. En segundo lugar, atiende a los conflictos axiológicos que se dan en el interior de nuestros ordenamientos sobre la primacía de la obligación de pagar las deudas y la distribución de responsabilidad y culpa entre los sujetos implicados. Para ello, tiene en cuenta también el tratamiento de la cuestión por parte del Tribunal Constitucional español. Por último, introduce algunas líneas de investigación posibles para la transformación del Derecho. This paper considers the relevance of David Graeber's work, in particular Debt, for the Philosophy of Law. It analyzes his perspective on the legal phenomenon and the implications of his notions of debt and subject of interest. It focuses in particular on the effect that austerity approaches have had on them. Secondly, it attends to the axiological conflicts that emerge within our legal systems on the primacy of the obligation to pay debts and the distribution of responsibility and guilt among the subjects involved. To this end, it also considers the treatment of the question by the Spanish Constitutional Court. Finally, it introduces some possible lines of research for the transformation of Law. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID 2020-113413RB-C31

Sustainable development has been an important policy goal for the international community for over three decades. Still, the state of the planet continues to worsen. This conceptual article considers the failure largely a result of structural obstacles and the so-called weak sustainability discourse, popularized by the Brundtland report and manifested today in The 2030 Agenda. The article adopts a strong sustainability perspective for examining structural distances between actors and the consequences of their acts. We argue that these impede responsible action and that policy should aim to reduce or eliminate distances in the four dimensions of space, time, functions and relations. The article concludes by suggesting Strongly Sustainable Development Goals, which could help transitioning humanity towards sustainability, lower the anthropogenic environmental impact on the planet, and enable the continuity of diverse life on Earth.

Under the pressure of work's devaluation and the state's retrenchment, men and women in Spain manage their extended family resources in a struggle to provide for their dependents. These resources have become the main axis of inequality in Spain's financialized economy. Drawing on fieldwork in Madrid, I show that men and women understand themselves in terms of this responsibility, internalizing capitalist pressures on social reproduction as a family matter. This self-identification cuts through the solidarities that exploited waged work and gendered domestic work might generate, and it makes family one's ultimate reference point. Instead of the refusal of a responsibility that used to be socialized being a principled and political stance, then, it is dismissed as selfish.

International audience; The ‘Great Recession’ of 2008 exposed banks and banking systems as frail economic entities, posing a threat to the real economy and society at large. This context of near economic collapse made clear the societal responsibility of banks to conform to business ethics respectful of both individual and collective interests. We argue that banks are primarily institutions of capitalism that must rely on resilient systems of reasonable values. The paper focuses on three Swiss banks to determine their ethical properties and their social ends. Such a societal dimension that we thrust on banks implies rethinking the responsibility of banks to society and their contributions to the public interest.

Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación en curso sobre la representación de los genocidios en el cine documental. En esta instancia se indagará en torno a las características del testimonio del victimario en el cine documental, efectuando un mapeo por diversas producciones. Se presentará un posible esquema que prestará atención en la matriz narrativa de los testimonios y los modos de responsabilidad que allí se exponen. De este modo, se presentarán dos grandes polos que oscilarán entre la entrevista –más ligada a brindar información “objetiva”– y el trabajo de confesión –ámbito donde el perpetrador medita sobre su subjetividad–. This article is part of an ongoing research on the representation of genocides in documentary cinema. In this instance, the characteristics of the testimony of the victimizer in documentary cinema will be investigated, mapping different productions. A possible scheme will be presented that will pay attention to the narrative matrix of the testimonies and the modes of responsibility that are exposed therein. In this way, two main poles will be presented, oscillating between the interview –more linked to providing “objective” information– and the confession work –where the perpetrator meditates on his subjectivity–.

Climate change is one of the primary environmental problems broadly discussed in the Paris Agreement. In the literature, authors mainly focused on the changes in climate change concern. However, it is more important to answer whether the changes in concerns and responsibilities affect climate-friendly behaviour. Therefore, this study's objective was to analyse the changes in climate change concern, personal responsibility, and climate-friendly behaviour in EU-28 from 2015 (the launch of the Paris Agreement) to 2019 and evaluate how these changes contributed to separate actions. The changes in climate change concern and personal responsibility were statistically significant (F value). During the analysed period, the purchase of energy-efficient appliances increased the most. Meanwhile, the usage of environmentally friendly transport alternatives decreased. The determinants of changes in climate-friendly behaviour were identified using the multiple linear regression model. Results showed that changes in climate change concern significantly and positively affected waste management and choice of energy supplier which offers a greater share of energy from renewable sources and purchased of low-energy homes. Meanwhile, personal responsibility significantly and positively influenced switching energy suppliers but had a negative effect on home insulation. Furthermore, residents who performed high-cost behaviours (purchase of low-energy homes) also switched energy suppliers and insulated their homes. Therefore, the results indicated that the benefit and cost of behaviour (time, money) are very important aspects to promote climate-friendly behaviour. This study suggested that policymakers should raise public awareness about climate change and take all efforts to reduce the cost of high-cost behaviours and enable the possibilities to perform climate-friendly behaviour.

Funding Information: The major work on this article was funded by Kone Foundation in 2020 through the project Towards Responsible Artificial Intelligence (University of Helsinki, Finland). The article was completed at the University of Twente. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Philosophy Documentation Center. All rights reserved. Intelligent systems are increasingly incorporated into relationships that had, until recently, been reserved solely for humans, and are delegated the role of a partner, which, if human, would presuppose a system of normatively regulated interactivity. This includes expectations of reciprocity and certain attitudes/actions towards human actors, such as respect. Even though a robot cannot respect, I argue that it can be respectful. A robot can be attributed respectfulness (in the direct sense) iff its interactions with persons reflect the respectful attitude of the humans involved in its design and operation. Robot respectfulness is a compound of (a) robotic actions governed by principles that (b) reflect the attitude of respect for persons by humans involved in its design, implementation, and professional use. I define respect for persons as a commitment to core values that make someone a person (i.e., intellect, rationality of reactive attitudes, autonomy, personal integrity, and trust in expertise).

In what follows I discuss the problem of constructing individual identity through experiencing freedom and responsibility. Self-determination and self-realization are important elements that complement human identity. On the way to selfrealization, however, fear and anxiety occur due to permanent and global transformations of the cultural, social and political environment. It evokes a reluctance to make decisions, to take the risk of being oneself, the risk that comes in conjunction with meeting another person. Fear affects the perception of oneself and others. Thus, it is necessary to look at this phenomenon through the prism of experiencing one’s own freedom and responsibility for oneself and others, and to try to inculcate in a young person the desire to overcome this feeling of fear and anxiety often experienced in the modern world. The aim of philosophical pedagogy is to awaken in a person the desire to be oneself despite these feelings. It is a very difficult but essential challenge. Therefore, based on Tischner’s and Bollnow’s philosophy of encountering the other, I examine the significance of the impact of openness towards oneself and others in the upbringing process.